THE STATE OF 

MISSOURI 




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THE STATE OF MISSOURI 
















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PROCLAMATION OF JAMES MONROE, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ADMITTING THE STATE OF MISSOURI TO THE FEDERAL 

UNION, ISSUED AUGUST lO, iSlI. FACSIMILE FROM THE ORIGINAL ON FILE IN OFFICE OF 

SECRF.TARV OF STATE, WASHINGTON, P. C. 



UITIOIV.' ■■- l_ i>Jl_>\JfVICl-H I ^ 



THE STATE OF 



MISSOURI 



AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY 



EDITED FOR 

M. T. DAVIS, F. J. MOSS, B. H. BONFOEY, W. H. MARSHALL, J. H. 

HAWTHORNE, J. O. ALLISON, L. F. PARKER, N. H. GENTRY, 

D. P. STROUP, THE MISSOURI COMMISSION TO THE 

LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION 



BY 



Walter Williams 



"A good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out 
of valleys and hills; a land of wheat and barley and vines; a land wherein thou shalt 
eat bread without scarceness; thou shalt not lack anvthing in it." — The Book. 







1904 






JAN 7 1905 
D.ofD, 



Press of E. W. Stephens, Columbia, Missouri, 1904. 
Engravings bv N:i::haeus Engraving Company, St. Joseph, Missouf 



« 

^^^ 



TO 

THOSE WHO ARE 

MISSOURIANS 

AND 

TO 

THOSE WHO 

SHOULD 

BE 



CHAPTERS THIS BOOK CONTAINS 



I. THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

II. THE STORY OF THE STATE. 

Jonas Viles, A. M., Ph. D., Instructor in History, University of Mis- 
souri. 

in. MISSOURI CHRONOLOGY. 

H. E. Robinson, President of State Historical Society of Missouri. 

IV. HOW THE COMMONWEALTH IS GOVERNED. 

IsiDOB LoiiB, LL. B., Ph. D., Professor of Political Science and Public 
Laio, University of Missouri. 

V. CLIMATE. 

A. E. Hackett, Director Missouri Weather Service. 

VI. GEOLOGY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY. 

C. F. Makbut, B. S.. a. M., Professor of Geology, University of Mis- 
souri. 

VII. AGRICULTURE. 

H. J. Waters, B. S. A., Dean of the Missouri College of Agriculture 
and Superintendent of Agriculture, Missouri Commission. 

VIII. LIVE STOCK. 

F. B. MuivrFORD, B. S., M. S., Acting Dean Missouri Agricultural Col- 

lege and Professor of Animal Husbandry. 

IX. HORTICULTURE. 

L. A. Goodman, Superintendent of Horticulture, Missouri Commission. 

X. DAIRYING. 

W. W. Makple, Superintendent of Dairying, Missouri Commission. 

XI. POULTRY. 

XII. MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE. 

W. L. Thomas, Sometime Editor St. Louis Journal of Commerce. 

XIII. MINING. 

G. E. Laoi), a. B., Ph. D., Director, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 

University of Missouri, and Superintendent of Mines and Metal- 
lurgy, Missouri Commission. 

XIV. TRANSPORTATION. 

XV. EDUCATION. 

G. V. Buchanan, Superintendent of Education, Missouri Commission. 



XVI. CHURCH, ART, AND THE PRESS. 

Art by Johx S. Ankeney, Jr., Instructor in Freehand Drawing. Uni- 
versity of Missouri. 

XVII. FAUNA. 

George Lefevre, A. B., Ph. D., Professor of Zoology, University of 
Missouri. 

XVIII. PLANT LIFE. 

B. M. DuGGAR, M. S., A. M., Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University 
of Missouri. 

XIX. THE GREAT CITIES. 

St. Louis: Prepared by Ripley D. Saunders, and William Flewellyn 

Saunders, under the direction of the Business Men's League. 
Kansas City: W. C. Winsbokough, for Commercial Organizations. 
St. Joseph: M. E. Mayer and John L. Bittixger, for Commercial 

Club. 
Joplin: Joel T. Limngstox. for Joplin Club. 
Springfield: Wm. Johnston, for Commercial Club. 
Sedalia: Charles E. Yeater. 
Hannibal: S. J. Roy, for Mer^hants' Association and Business Men's 

Association. 
Jefferson City: Hugh Stephens, for Commercial Club. 
Carthage: H. L. Bright, for Commercial Club. 
Webb City: H. A. Gardner, tor Commercial Club. 
Other Cities over 5,000 Population. 

XX. THE STATE BY COUNTIES. 
Roy a. Hockensmith. 

XXI. THE STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 

XXII. MISSOURI AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 

XXIII. INDEX. 

MAPS OF MISSOURI: Geological, Soil, Transportation, Mining. 



FOREWORD 




HIS volume, which is the story of Missouri told by Missouri — 
the State's autobiography — is made possibleby the liberality 
of the taxpayers of the State in voting permission to the 
General Assembly to appropriate one million dollars for a 
Missouri exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and, as a result 
of that appropriation, it is a part of that exhibit. 

Every care has been taken to secure accuracy of statement. Much 
of value has of necessity been omitted. "As it is the commendation of 
a good huntsman to find game in a wide wood, so it is no imputation 
if he hath not caught all." It is believed, however, that the chief re- 
sources and advantages of the great State are fairly and comprehen- 
sively set out in the pages that follow. 

It is impossible to mention all who have aided in the preparation. 
In addition to those whose names appear in the table of contents, 
special thanks for assistance in gathering material are also due 
A. M. Dockery, Governor; Sam B. Cook, Secretary of State; Albert 
O. Allen, State Auditor; George B. Ellis, Secretary of the State Board 
of Agriculture; W. T. Carrington, State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction; F. A. Sampson, Secretary State Historical Society of 
Missouri; J. C. Whitten, Professor of Horticulture in the University of 
Missouri; Thomas M. Bradbury, Secretary of the Board of Railway 
and Warehouse Commissioners; R. G.Yates, Insurance Commissioner; 
R. C. Home, Chief Clerk to the Labor Commissioner; Independence 
Mann, Chief Clerk to the Adjutant-General; Professor E. M. Shepard, 
of Drury College; John H. Bothwell, of Sedalia; Allen V. Cockrell, of 
Washington, D. C, and J. W. Marstellar, Chief Clerk in the Bureau of 
Mines and Mine Inspection. The zeal, energy, and ability of Roy A. 
Hockensmith, who has been assistant in this work, is remembered 
with appreciation. 

The book is sent out from the Department of Publication 
of the Missouri Commission, of which Department F. J. Moss is 
the Commissioner in charge, in the confident expectation that it will 
result in large and lasting good in acquainting the world with the 
possibilities of Missouri to the end these possibilities may be realized 
in the fullest measure. For the interest of the members of the Com- 
mission, under whose direction the volume is issued, and for their uni- 
form courtesy to those in immediate charge thereof, it may not be 
inappropriate here to express the personal gratitude of 

The Editor. 




MISSOURI^ — pronounced Miz-zoo-iy — is fifth of the United States in 
present population and material wealth, easily first in potential 
resource. Geographically, it is the central commonwealth of the 
federal union. When it entered the union seventy-three years 
ago it was the twenty-fourth state in rank. In the space of 
three score years and ten, the Psalmist's span of human life, it has passed all 
other states in the race for primacy, save four. Within less space of years to 
come, in the group of the republic's then greatest States — New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, Texas, California, Missouri — central and supreme will be the imperial State 
of Missouri. New York and California will be strong in commerce, Pennsylvania 
in manufacture, Texas for its tremendous agricultural area, while Missouri, in 
commerce, manufacture, agriculture in all its branches, will have no superior 
even among the giants. The present day situation gives foundation for proph- 
ecy and its fulfillment. In the pages of this volume are told in pen and pencil 
the resources of the state in some of its many lines. Naught is exaggerated. 
The plain unvarnished truth about Missouri is superlative. At this point let 
the merest summary suffice. 

A State is the product of its people. In field and mine and forest are found 
the tools. The character of the population who use these tools decides. In 
this is Missouri finely fortunate. Three gates opened wide to the Missouri ter- 
ritory in the early days. The Spanish came by the lower water gate in search 
of gold; the French by the upper water gate in quest of adventure or led by 
Marquette's noble missionary zeal; through the mountain gate from the east- 
ward came the Virginians, their children of Kentucky and in later times the 
Scotch-Irish descendants, the men and women from north and east and from 
beyond the sea, all seeking homes, where there was blue sky and elbow-room and 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 541 The first 
white men ( under 
DeSoto) set feet 
on the soil of 
Missouri. 



1 542 Louis de Mos- 
coso, successor to 
DeSoto, explored 
the southwestern 
part of Missouri. 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1673 Marquette 
and Joliet discov- 
ered the Missouri 



680 Hennepin 
explored eastern 
Missouri. 



1682 La Salle 
named the Mis- 
souri river "St. 
Philip." 



1697 French Can- 
adians explored 
Missouri. 



freedom. The Spanish are re- 
membered by an occasional 
name of town or river and 
the French in the same wise 
or by some ancient family 
tree. The colonists from east 
of the Appalachians seeking 
homes were the real founders 
of the early State. They 
builded homes. They consti- 
tuted a brave, intelligent, pa- 
triotic citizenship. They 
founded a state in the wilder- 
ness and equipped it with all 
the machinery of government 
a year before the congress of 
the United States could make 
up its mind to admit the stur- 
dy youngster to sit full-privi- 
leged at the republic's coun- 
cil table. They were of genu- 
ine pioneer stock. Some 
peoples will not bear trans- 
planting; even in the wilder- 
ness others are architects of States. Of the latter were the settlers in Mis- 
souri, hardy, dominant and daring. Missouri, a very Titan for strength, 
is the product of their handiwork, while every State from the Father 
of Waters to the Golden Gate shows their skill in commonwealth-construction. 
In struggles with savage beast and untamed man the pioneer Missourian showed 
persistent heroism and hardihood. They were his children who in the strife be- 
tween the States enlisted to the number of beyond 100,000 in the Union army 
and more than 50,000 in the Confederate service, keeping the State's quota full, 
without draft or enforced enlistment, not merely in one but in both armies, a 
record unexampled among the States north or south. They were church-going 
and school-encouraging. They had respect for law. No vigilance committee was 
needed to preserve order even in the most primitive community. In the earliest 
constitution Missourians recognized the providence of God, provided for the es- 
tablishment of free schools and planned for a State seminary of learning. One 
interior county, with population of a scant few hundred, gave, nearly seventy 
years ago, by subscription, $117,000 for the founding of a college, a farmer, who 
could neither read nor write heading the voluntary subscription list with $3,000, 
a gift, considering time and circumstance, more princely than that of modern 
millionaire. It is not strange that with such ancestry, the Missourians of to-day 



MISSOURI was admitted as a territory June 4, 1812. 
James Madison, President. Act recorded in volume 

2, page 743, United States Statutes; the sixth territory to 
be admitted. Territory covered what is now Arkansas, 
Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota weft of the Mississippi, the In- 
dian Territory, Oklahoma, North and South Dakota, 
Nebraska, Montana, and most of Kansas, Colorado and 
Wyoming. Admitted as a state conditionally March 2, 
1820, James Monroe, President. Act recorded in volume 

3, page 645, of United States Statutes. The thirteenth in 
order of admission after the original thirteen colonies. Ap- 
plications made to Congress tor a State government March 
16, 1818, and December 18, 1818; a bill to admit was 
defeated in Congress, which was introduced February 15, 
1 8 19; application made to Congress for an enabling act 
December 29, 1819; enabling act (known as the Missouri 
compromise) passed by Congress March 6, 1820; first 
State constitution formed July 19, 1 820; resolution to admit 
as a State passed Senate December 12, 1820; rejected by 
the House February 14, 1 82 1; conditional resolution to 
admit approved March 2, 1821; condition accepted by the 
legislature of Missouri and approved by the governor June 
26, 1821; by proclamation of the President, formally ad- 
mitted as a state August 10, 1821; President Monroe's 
proclamation is recorded in volume 3, appendix No. 2, 
United States Statutes. A facsimile reproduction appears 
as frontispiece to this volume. 




MISSOURI FARM SCEA'E. 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



3 




^X 



THE GREAT MISSOURIAN, "OLD BULLION." THIRTY YEARS IN UNITED 
STATES SENATE. BORN MARCH 14, 1782. DIED APRIL 10, 1858. 



should Lave the largest permanent school fund of any State, give eleven million 
dollars yearly to education, set apart one-third of the entire state revenue to the 
support of the public schools, have two per cent more children in school than the 
average for the United States, more than four per cent fewer illiterates and a 
church-bell within earshot of every citizen. 

The population has had admixture of foreign elements in the more recent 
years. This admixture has been of thrifty, easily assimilated rather than of 
thriftless, unhomogeneous kind. Of the foreign-born citizens of Missouri — only 
7 per cent of the total population— there are 124,000 Teutons, 27,000 Irish, 14,000 
Slavs. In the first State to the eastward, Illinois, where the foreign-born popu- 
lation constitutes 20 per cent of the whole, 385,000 are Teutons, 130,000 Irish and 
140,000 Slavs. Seventy per cent of Missouri's population was born in Missouri, 
a striking commentary as to the value placed upon the State by those who know 
it best. The population of Missouri has steadily grown. In 1900 it was 149 
times as large as in 1810, when the first census of the then territory was taken. 
During the last ten years the population grew from 2,679,184 to 3,106,665, or 16 
per cent. During the present decade there is every indication that it will be 
augmented by as large or by a larger percentage. 

Such a population might well be expected to own their homes. There are, 
for 3,106,665 people in this State, 646,872 homes. Nor is the expectation con- 
trary to the census facts. In homes owned free of encumbrance Missouri out- 
ranks Illinois, Alabama, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, 
New York, Rhode Island, and New Jersey. Missouri outranks all its neighbor- 
ing States in farm homes owned free of encumbrance. Texas, Kansas, Illinois, 
Nebraska, Iowa, each has a larger percentage of mortgage-encumbered farms 
than Missouri. Missourians are home-builders and home-owners. 

This is the people which has made Missouri, a people fearing God and hon- 
oring man, of sane not stagnant conservatism, jealous of religious, political and 
industrial freedom, building home and church and school house, felling the forest, 
tilling the soil, digging the mine, toiling in factory, and holding to high ideals 
of citizenship in public and in private life. 

These are the handlers of the tools. 

But what of the tools with which these architects of the State have worked, 
of those with which they labor? 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 70 1 French under 
Count de Fron- 
tenac built a fort 
and started settle- 
ments in south- 
eastern Missouri. 



I 705 French as- 
cended the Mis- 
souri river to the 
mouth of the 
Kansas river. 



1 712 Mining priv- 
ileges in Missouri 
granted to An- 
thony Crozat. 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




FATHER OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY. BORN APRIL 19, 1812. DIED JANUARY 9, 1888. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1 71 8 The Missis- 
sippi Company 
established settle- 
ments in south- 
eastern Missouri. 



I 719 Sieur de 
Lochon dug lead 
on the Meramec, 
M. de la Motte, 
near Frederick- 
town and Renault 
north of Potosi. 



MISSISSIPPI 
COUNTY 
COURT 
HOUSE 



Missouri is a State of many interests. Other States lead in one or two in- 
dustries, Missouri is in front rank in all. The figures are from the census re- 
turns of the federal government. Take tw^enty leading products of the United 
States and note a group of the six States which excel in each of the twenty. 
Missouri appears in every one of the twenty groups while the next State appears 
in only eleven of the groups. 

Missouri is an agricultural State. Outside of the three cities of St. Louis, 
Kansas City, and St. Joseph, only 7.6 per cent of the population live in towns of 
over 4,000 inhabitants. Farming is the basis of all wealth. Taking Jefferson 
City, the capital of the State, as a center, within 250 miles is the center of the 
area of farm values of the United States, the center of the total number of farms, 
the center of oat production, the center of corn production, the center of wheat 
production, the center of gross farm income, the center of improved farm acre- 
age, the center of the production of the six leading cereals. One-tenth of the 
corn grown in the world is grown in Missouri and one-twelfth of the wheat. The 
per capita production of corn in the United States is 10.8 bushels, in Missouri it 
is 67 bushels. Canada is a wheat country, yet the State of Missouri grows two- 
thirds as m.uch wheat as all the province of Canada. The per capita production 
of all cereals in the United States is 57.1 bushels, in Missouri it is 81.3 bushels. 
Agriculture is profitable in every Missouri township. 

Missouri is a live stock State. It has more live stock farmers than any 
other State. Its live stock are worth $200,000,000. The quality of the Missouri 
A live stock is shown when it is recalled 

S that while in the State are only 41.1. per 

cent of all the live stock of the United 
States it represents 5 per cent of the 
value. It has more finely-bred stock 
than any other State. The per capita 
ownership of domestic animals in the 
United States is $39, in Missouri it is 
$49.06. There is one dairy cow for 
every five inhabitants of the United 
States while Missouri has one for 
every four inhabitants. In poultry 
Missouri excels by 200 per cent the 
average production for the United 
States. 




THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Missouri leads in laorticulture as in agriculture and live stock. In the lab- 
oratory of a university in Germany analysis was made of the fin- 
est fruit soils from all the world. The best two specimens were 
from the loess lands of Missouri. There are a third more apple 
trees in Missouri than in any other State. Missouri's fruit crop 
will excel that of any other State. It is the center of the apple, 
the peach, the berry region of the world. Within its borders are 
the largest nurseries and the largest orchards known. Its apples 
are of international reputation. Two bushels of apples for every 
inhabitant of Missouri is the annual product and four quarts of 
strawberries. There is no county in the State where fruit is not 
a paying crop. 

Missoui-i is a mining State. It produces eighty per cent of all 
the zinc mined in the United States, ninety per cent of all the typical bakx 
nickle, and a large per cent of the lead. Half the State is under- carthage. 

laid by coal, a greater extent than in any other State in 
the federal union. There is estimated to be, at present prices, tour hundred 
billion dollars worth of unmined coal in Missouri. The building stone exceeds 
that of any other State. Nearly $700,000,000 worth of mineral wealth has been 
taken out of the mines of Missouri and the development has hardly begun. Its 
mineral output exceeds that of California while its yield of 
lead and zinc alone is greater than the total of the silver pro- 
duct of Colorado. 

In manufactures and commerce Missouri is a leading 
State. Cheap fuel and proximity to great and growing mar- 
kets will increase the rank of the State in this regard. Three- 
fifths of its surplus products are consumed at home. The 
home market is unsurpassed. Transportation facilities are 
widespread and adequate. Steam railways, electric lines, 
macadam and dirt roads extend in all directions. In one 
Missouri county, Jackson, are more macadamized roads than 
in any other county in the United States. 

Diverse industries, an extended crop sea- 
son and unexampled fertility of soil make, be- 
cause of the skill, intelligence and energy of 
the people, a prosperous community. The Mis- 
souri river bottom land is like the Nile land 
for area and richness. The prairies afford 
abundant harvests. The uplands are unex- 
celled for fruit. Missouri is an agricultural 
State, but it supports three cities of over 100,- 
000 people, a lai-ger number than any other 
State save four. It leads in general agricul- 
ture but it also ranks foremost or in the front 
rank in all other industries. In consequence 
its people are prosperous. On the first day of 
May they had on deposit in banks an average 
of $136 for every man, woman and child in 
Missouri, a larger amount than in any neigh- 
boring State. There has never been a general 
crop failure in Missouri. There are no lean 
years to eat up the years of fatness. Labor 
has its due. The hours of labor for the aver- 
age toiler have decreased in a year from 9.5 to 



AAU SILO- 




A GLIMPSE AT THE STATE UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC 
HALL, CHEMISTRY BUILDING AND MUSEUM. 



6 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 720 Spanish ex- 
pedition from 
Santa Fe, massa- 
cred by the Mis- 
souri Indians near 
Boonville. 



I 72 1 Fort Orleans 
built by M. Burg- 
mont above the 
mouth ot the 
Osage. 



1724 Fort Orleans 
destroyed and the 
garrison massa- 
cred by the In- 
dians. 



9.26 while his wage has grown from $25.39 to $27.77. The wealth in home anci 
bank is evidence of material prosperity. The Missourian does not, however, neg- 
lect those things that malie for the higher life. School, church, the press, are en- 
couraged. The largest circulation in proportion to population of any newspaper 
in any city in the world is that of a Missouri newspaper in a Missouri town. 
Massachusetts is properly regarded as a center of literary culture. There are 
more magazines and other periodicals circulated in proportion to population in 
Missouri than in Massachusetts and more books used from the public library in 
Kansas City than in Boston. 

The government of Missouri is well administered. The State has an assessed 
valuation of $1,327,962,237, and a tax rate of 17 cents on the $100. This is the 
lowest of any State. In 1902 the tax rate in Nebraska was 63 cents, in Kansas 
54 cents, in Iowa 40 cents, and in Illinois 40 cents. Despite this phenomenally 
low tax rate Missouri supports its State institutions liberally. Its laws are en- 
forced, property rights held sacred and administration of State affairs conducted 
with economy. 

Missouri is sometimes called a so,uthern State and again a western State. 
It is not a southern State nor a western State. Though it extends further south 
than Virginia, it extends further north than Kansas. Geographically it is at the 
very center of continental United States. It is politically well-nigh equally di- 
vided between the two great parties. Though it has voted with one exception 
the democratic ticket by varying majorities for twenty-five years, Missouri casts 
more republican ballots than any other state except New York, Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana. Its negro population is small, only 5 per cent of 
the total. There are more negroes in Topeka, capital of Kansas, than in any 
Missouri city. The colored population of Missouri is decreasing while it is in- 
creasing in Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Penn- 
sylvania, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. 
There are more negroes to the total population in the capital city of any State 
from Missouri to the Atlantic than are to be found in any Missouri city with a 
single exception. Though an original slave State, Missouri abolished slavery 
by its own act, the only State in the American Union so doing. Missouri sent 




SUNSET ON THE MISSOURI KIVER AT BOONVILLE. 



Photo h\j Max Schmidt, Boonville 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




GOVERNOR. LEADER OF CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. BORN 
SEPTEMBER 11, 1809. DIED SEPTEMBER 29, 1867. 



more soldiers to the Union army in proportion to population than any of its 
neighbors and more northern States. It may properly he classed not as a north- 
ern or southern, eastern or western, but as a central State, a State in a class to 
itself with the best qualities of all. 

Located between the 36th and 41st parallels of north latitude and between 
the 89th and 96th meridian of west longitude, Missouri is a part of the temperate 
zone in which the work of the world is done. Its climate conduces to health 
and physical strength. The Bureau of Ethnology of the federal government has 
pointed out that native Missourians are stronger and taller than the native citi- 
zens of any other State. The average mean temperature of Missouri, 54 degrees, 
is higher than the average mean temperature in any State of the same latitude 
eastward. Health in Missouri is promoted by the pure air and bright sunshine 
and by the good water with which the state is abundantly supplied. Vital statis- 
tics taken from the judicial and carefully compiled figures of the federal census— 
as are all the figures in this volume where not otherwise expressly stated— make 
plain that the claim for the health feature of Missouri is not an idle boast. The 
annual death rate in the United States per thousand population is 16.3 while in 
Missouri the annual death rate is only 12.2. To express it differently: One-third 
more deaths occur annually in the other States of the Union in proportion to 
population than in Missouri. While the annual birth rate in the United States 
exceeds the annual death rate 11.2 per cent, the excess in Missouri is 13.8 per 
cent. Missourians are born more numerously and die less rapidly than the citi- 
zens of the other States. 

If Missouri, which is capable of supporting as large a population in propor- 
tion to area as Egypt, equalled that land in population there would be 64,000,000 
people in this State instead of less than 3,500,000. God forbid that that time 
should ever come. Let us always live far enough apart to be neighborly. But 
there is room enough without crowding for several million more inhabitants of 
Missouri— and unfeigned welcome! The state is 328 miles in extreme length 
from north to south and contains 69,415 square miles. Its entire population 
could be placed, allowing to each a space of six square feet, upon less than a third 
of a square mile. In area Missouri is slightly larger than England and Wales, 
which have 32,526,075 population while Missouri has 3,106,665. It is more than 
four times as large as the mountain republic of Switzerland which has about 
the same population. There are 588 persons to the square mile in Belgium, 558 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1732 The country 
thrown open by 
the King of 
France to all his 
subjects and the 
lead mines much 



developed. 



1735 St. Genevieve 
established. 



1762 Francis Bur- 
ton discovered 
rich mines at 
Potosi. 



1761 St. Charles 
established. 



8 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1762 Louisiana 
ceded to Spain 
by France. 



1764 St. Louis es- 
tablished by 
Laclede Liguest. 



1767 Carondelet 
established. 



1765 St. Ange de 
Bellerive estab- 
lished the capital 
of Upper Louisi- 
ana at St. Louis. 



in England, 409 in Holland, and 725.7 in Saxony. In Missouri there are only 45.2 
persons to the square mile. The soil of Missouri is capable of yielding varied 
pi'oducts more largely than the soil of any country in the world. Here is space 
and to spare for millions upon millions of intelligent, thrifty, industrious 
citizens. 

Missouri has had an interesting and important history. At least three times 
within the three-quarters of a century of its life as a sovereign State has it been 
the central figure of national political alfairs swaying the policies of the republic. 
The great Grecian mathematician asked for a spot upon which to rest the lever 
with which he would move the world. In Missouri may be found a broad area, 
filled with every help to material prosperity, blessed with noble citizenship, 
whose sons and daughters are to aid in moving the world nearer to the ideal of 
human life. The State has given great men to the nation, the chief product of 
any State. Four hundred Missourians were asked to name the leaders of the 
State's thought, the men who had done the most for Missouri and through Mis- 
sourians for the world. The majority named Thomas Hart Benton, Frank P. 
Blair, John S. Phelps, B. Gratz Brown, R. P. Bland, Hamilton R. Gamble, James 
S. Green, and Edward Bates, statesmen; James S. Rollins, the father of the State 
University; Sterling Price and A. W. Doniphan, soldiers; James B. Eads, engin- 
eer; E. M. Marvin, preacher; Eugene Field, poet; and George C. Bingham, artist. 

The spirit of Missouri is the spirit of progress, tempered by conservatism. 
It rejects not the old because of its age, nor refuses the new because it is not old. 
It is the spirit of a community, conscious of its own secure position, somewhat 
too careless at times of the world's opinion, hospitable, generous, brave. The 
dream of the greatest statesman is a nation of useful citizens dwelling in happy 
homes. In Missouri the dream finds realization. 

The noble Latin motto of the State has ever expressed — and does — the spirit 
of the united citizenship: "Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law." 
Nobler motto there could not be for commonwealth or citizen. It is the State of 
iMissouri, its autobiography in this volume set down, that bids the wide world 
welcome. 




UNITED STATES SENATOR. LEADER OK UNIONISTS AT OPENIN^G OF WAR. 
BORN FEIJRUARY 19, 1821. DIED JULY 8, 1875. 




THEr STAT0 






■f—iriiii 1 - iiiirrmir— "-' •■'■•"■" -T-Mr~-inm-MiTi iiM»iiiTrriMrr«lMBriiMMiriMiTi 

MISSOURI has a unique place among the 
States of the union; broadly speaking, other 
States are northern or southern, eastern or 
western, while Missouri is both western and 
southern, with much of the energy and con- 
servatism characteristic of the north. This exception 1o 
any hard and fast classification should be a source of 
pride to every Missourian. Other sections have each their 
distinctive attributes; Missouri to a large degree unites 
the strong points of all. 

The peculiar development of the State is due primar- 
ily to her control of the Missouri river. She is the nat- 
ural gateway to the west and southwest, and the natural 
meeting place of the two great streams of emigration 
from the east. Hence her population is of a varied origin, 
drawn from all sections of the east, and from many Euro- 
rean nations. The tremendous natural resources of the 
State have made her, economically speaking, the most in- 
dependent in the Union, and for this reason she has 
maintained her freedom from positive identification with 
any section. By geographical position and natural wealtli 
Missouri has a place all her own. 
1 The present territory of Missouri was originally part 

of the French province of Louisiana, but prior to the ces- 
sion of the western bank of the Mississippi to Spain in 
[1762, it was almost unexplored and unoccupied. There 
[was one settlement, the oldest in the State, at St. Gene- 




10 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 770 Pontiac visit- 
ed St. Louis, and 
was murdered on 
the Illinois side of 
the Mississippi. 



1770 The country 
surrendered to the 
Spanish. 



1776 Florissant es- 
tablished. 



1780 St. Louis at- 
tacked by the 
Indians and many 
inhabitants killed. 



1785 Mississippi 
river flood, "The 
year of the great 
waters. 



1787 Called "the 
year of the ten 
boats," ten barges 
having arrived in 
company at St. 
Louis from New 
Orleans. 




HOUSE IN ST. CHARLES WHEKE THE FIRST LEGISLATUKE MET. 



vieve; across the river there was a flourishing community of perhaps fifteen hun- 
dred Canadians al30ut Kaskaskia and Fort Chartres; the Missouri river and the 
southeastern portion of the present State had been very imperfectly explored by 
trappers and miners. The separate history of Missouri begins Mrith the founding 
of St. Louis in 1764. The first house in 

St. Louis was erected 
by Pierre Laclede Li- 
guest, of the firm of 
Maxent, Laclede & Co., 
merchants of New Or- 
leans, who held a license 
for the fur trade on the 
Missouri. After a win- 
ter at Fort Chartres, 
Laclede fixed his trad- 
ing post at St. Louis in 
February, 1764. In the 
following year an En- 
glish garrison arrived 
at Fort Chartres and the 
exodus of the French 
began. In three years 
St. Louis was a thriving 
town of over five hun- 
dred inhabitants, the 
largest settlement in 
the valley north of New 
Orleans. 

After the Spanish 
took formal possession 
in 1770, that portion of Louisiana north of the Arkansas river was known as 
the Illinois country and ruled by a succession of Spanish lieutenant-governors 
at St. Louis. These governors, however, identified themselves with the province; 
French remained the official language, even of official documents, and the trans- 
fer of allegiance brought no break in the continuity of the history of the district. 
The Spanish lieutenant-governor was an absolute ruler, save for orders from 
New Orleans; he controlled the troops and militia, acted as chief justice under a 
code that did not recognize trial by jury, and was quite unrestrained by any 
popular assembly. 

Until the Louisiana Purchase the district had little part in the changes going 
on about her, and little history beyond the usual chronicles of a frontier settle- 
ment. 

There was a steady and healthy growth in population, at first of French 
from Canada, Kaskaskia, or New Orleans, reinforced after 1790 by the Ameri- 
cans from Kentucky, until, at the time of the Purchase, the population of the 
district was somewhat over six thousand. There were commandants, subordi- 
nate to the governor at St. Louis, at New Madrid, St. Genevieve, New Bourbon, 
St. Charles, and St. Andrev.s. That is, the towns were strung along the Missis- 
sippi south of the Missouri, with two settlements, St. Charles and St. Andrews, 
near the mouth of the Missouri. New Madrid and Cape Girardeau contained a 
large number of Kentuckians, but the great majority of the newcomers settled 
on detached farms along the rivers and creeks between St. Louis and St. Gene- 
vieve and about St. Charles. As yet they were content with the toleration freely 
granted them by the Spanish, and the province, although three-fifths of the white 
population were of American birth, remained essentially French. The upper Illi- 
nois country was primarily an agricultural community, with few distinctions of 
rank or wealth. The richer men were the merchants, the wholesale dealers or 
middlemen, who sent the products of the colony to New Orleans or Montreal, and 
distributed among the people the manufactured goods they received in return. 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



11 




GOVERNOR, 1876 TO 1880. BOR.\ DECEMDEB 22, 1814. DIED NOVEMBER 20, 1886. 



The younger men spent the winters with the professional trappers on the upper 
Missouri or Mississippi, collecting the furs which were still one of the staple 
exports. In the southeast the lead mines gave an opportunity for enterprising 
spirits. Besides the fur and lead, the picturesque flat-bottomed barges carried 
down the river salt from the numerous saline springs, and beef and wheat from 
the fertile fields around St. Louis. In the long and tedious return voyage against 
the current, the boats were laden with the few articles of luxury required by the 
colonists, such as sugar and spices, and manufactured articles of all descriptions. 
The artisans were few and incompetent, so that practically all the implements 
except the rudest, were imported. Even the spinning wheel was a rarity in the 
homes of the French, and butter a special luxury. The Kentuckians were a 
more enterprising and ingenious people, but their influence on their easy-going 
neighbors was slight. The merchants, however, were energetic and successful. 
Much to the disgust of the English, they succeeded in centering the trade of the 
Mississippi valley at St. Louis and in diverting the fur trade from Montreal to 
the East and to New Orleans. 

The intellectual life of the colony was not of a striking character. There 
was absolutely no provision for education and illiteracy was prevalent. Few 
books were to be found, and those chiefly in the libraries of the priests. The re- 
ligion was of course the Roman Catholic, established by the government, but the 
Protestant Kentuckians, although never granted any official toleration, were not 
molested as long as they worshipped quietly. There was no political life, no 
town meetings, no elections. The forms of trial were simple and judgment di- 
rect and expeditious. Taxation Vv'as light; land was freely granted for nominal 
fees, and the Spanish governors were lenient and tolerant. Altogether life 
seems to have been very pleasant in old St. Louis. There was rude abundance 
and solid comfort; a gentle, easy-going, care-free people, and a refreshing absence 
of nervous unrest of the western American. Perhaps the content of the people 
was founded on a purely material prosperity, and their happiness was a rather 
self-satisfied complacency in existing conditions, yet one almost regrets that this 
simple mode of life had to yield to the more strenuous American ideals, if Mis- 
souri was to take full advantage of her commanding position. 

Such was the upper Illinois country at the date of the Purchase. The Pur- 
chase itself, however, and the later history of Missouri were consequent to the 
great westward movement of population that ranks with the barbarian invasions 
and the colonization of America in the great migrations of mankind. There were 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1788 Manuel Perez 
Commandant at 
St. Louis. 



I 793 Zenon Tru- 
deau Command- 
ant at St. Louis. 



1798 Dehault De- 
lassus Command- 
ant at St. Louis. 



I 799 "The year ot 
the hard winter." 



12 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1800 Louisiana 
retroceded to 
France by Spain. 



1802 Formal 
change of pos- 
session made. 



^03 Louisiana 
Purchase from 
France to the 
United States 
completed April 
30. 



1804 Upper Louis- 
iana transferred to 
the United States, 
March 10. 



I 804 Lewis and 
Clarke Expedition 
started up the 
Missouri river, 
May 14. 



four great highways from the Atlantic to the Ohio, all following river valleys as 
lines of the least resistance. The northern and easiest, passage, now followed by 
the Erie canal, was barred by the Iroquois Indians until the new century began. 
So the earlier pioneers crossed Pennsylvania to Pittsburg, or followed the Poto- 
mac or the Yadkin into the Shenandoah valley and crossed the western range 
by one of several passes, of which the Cumberland Gap is the most famous. In 
any case the early settlers planned to reach the Ohio, or the Tennessee, or the 
Cumberland. The wanderings of Daniel Boone in eastern Kentucky in 1769-71 
mark the beginning of the migration. That typical frontiersman, so endeared to 
all Americans by his bravery and his simple heart, saw in the fertile fields of 
Kentucky the opportunity of the poor man with no capital but his bare hands 
and his courage. He was followed by a constantly increasing stream of settlers 
from the back country of Virginia and the Carolinas. They were of quite a 
different type from the great planters of the tide-water plantations. In their 
veins was a liberal infusion of Scotch and Irish blood. They were restless, ad- 
venturous, enterprising, and brave to a fault; the ideal people to win the first 
struggle with the wilderness in the battle for the West. 

The prosperous settlements in eastern Kentucky welcomed the Declaration 
of Independence and struck an important blow in the Revolutionary war. George 
Rogers Clarke, a 
leading Kentuck- 
ian, led an expe- 
dition of Virginia 
militia and Ken- 
tucky volunteers 
against the Brit- 
ish forts at Kas- 
kaskia and Vin- 
cennes, in order 
to forestall a 
threatened Indian 
attack under En- 
glish leadership. 
The forts surren- 
dered, and their 
possession by the 
Americans some- 
what strengthen- 
ed their case in 
the negotiation of 
the treaty of 
peace. That treaty 
yielded to the 

United States all the district between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi. The 
settlers now poured into Kentucky by the thousands. Men, ruined by the war or 
the universal stagnation that followed it, soldiers and officers whose only reward 
for their sacrifices were land grants in the west, and less desirable elements at- 
tracted by the speculation in land, covered Kentucky and northern Tennessee 
with scattered settlements. The fertile soil soon provided a surplus of food 
stuffs for export. But transportation over the rude roads to the seaboard was 
extremely difficult and expensive; the natural outlet, the only practicable one, 
was down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. And here Spain blocked the 
way. Holding both banks of the Mississippi at its mouth, she claimed the right 
to close it to all but Spanish commerce. 

This Mississippi question was one of life and death to the men of Ken- 
tucky and Tennessee. It threatened to detach them from the Union and necessi- 
tated the Louisiana Purchase. The pioneers, with a characteristic directness, 
argued that it was a violation of natural justice that Spain, because she chanced 




CABIN IN ST. CHARLES COUNTl 
WHEEE DANIEL BOONE LIVED. 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



13 




UNITED STATES SENATOR. BORN FEBRUARY 28, 1817, DIED JANUARY 9, 1870. 



to own the two banks of the river at New Orleans, should be able to throttle 
their trade. In considerations of diplomacy and of international law they saw 
only technical subtleties with which Spain and the eastern States sought to ob- 
scure the justice of their case. The inherent divergence between the more con- 
servative manufacturing and commercial east and the simpler, more direct agri- 
cultural west is as old as the west itself. The Congress of the Confederation 
sought long and in vain for a solution of the Mississippi question. Spain's at- 
titude was consistent throughout; she would grant to the United States liberal 
commercial privileges with Spain and her colonies, but the United States must 
abandon, at least for a term of years, her claims to the navigation of the Mis- 
sissippi. Spain hoped, if the commercial States accepted the bait, to detach 
the west and southwest from the Union. More than once the northern and 
eastern States were on the point of abandoning the Mississippi, in fact Jay ne- 
gotiated a treaty accepting Spain's terms, but the resistance of the south and 
the discontent of Kentucky saved Congress from such a fatal concession. 

The danger in those years that the western settlements would take matters 
into their own hands was a very real one. Added to their resentment of the 
hesitancy of Congress was the entirely insufficient protection afforded them 
from the Indians. Spanish governors of New Orleans did their best to fan the 
smouldering discontent into open revolt, that Kentucky might become inde- 
pendent and join Spain in confederation or alliance. Some of the leaders high- 
est in the confidence of the people, notably Wilkinson and Sebastien, were the 
paid agents of Spain. But the sober sense of the Kentuckians prevailed and 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1804 First English 
School established 
in St. Louis. 



1805 Territory of 
Louisiana estab- 
lished with Gen. 
James Wilkinson 
as Governor, 
March 3. 




1806 Ft. Bellefon- 
taine established 
on the south bank 
of the Missouri 
river, a few miles 
above its mouth. 



MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD \AUli8 A 1' JEFFERSON CITY. 



14 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Missouri 
Chronology 






4 



1806 Settlements 
founded on the 
Loutre. 




SKULL OF MOUNDBUILDKK. 
INHABITED MISSOURI PREVIOUS TO INDIAN OCCUPATION 



1806 Bethel Bap- 
tist church estab- 
lished near Jack- 
son, Cape Girar- 
deau county. 



I 806 John Travis 
appointed to the 
Missouri circuit, 
Methodist Epis- 
copal church. 



thwarted the efforts of the conspirators. Wayne's victory over the Indians and 
the admission of Kentucky to the Union relieved the tension somewhat and 
finally, in 1795-6, the United States forced Spain to yield. She surrendered her 

claims to Natchez and the 
south, opened the Missis- 
sippi to American trade, 
and provided a port of de- 
posit at its mouth. 

Meanwhile hundreds 
of Kentuckians had been 
solving the Mississippi 
problem by quietly moving 
across the Mississippi. The 
Spanish could offer cheap 
lands, light taxation, and 
an easy tolerance. In 
some cases great tracts of 
land were granted to one 
man, as to General Morgan 
at New Madrid. The 
Americans in the main 
left to themselves, either 
on their scattered farms 
or at New Madrid and 
Cape Girardeau. The famous Northwest Ordinance, forbidding slavery in the 
Northwest Territory, retarded settlement north of the Ohio. Moreover, Ken- 
tucky was filling up with tremendous i-apidity, the best lands were occupied, 
and obscure and conflicting land claims discouraged the later comers. And 
many of the original pioneers followed Daniel Boone once more to a newer 
country. So at the time of the purchase the majority of the inhabitants of 
Missouri were of English speaking ancestry from Virginia and Kentucky. 

The Mississippi question was in abeyance until in 1802 the Spanish in- 
tendant at New Orleans withdrew the right of deposit. Two years before, how- 
ever, Spain had retroceded Louisiana to France by the secret treaty of San 
Ildefonso, in return for an Italian principality to be granted to the son-in-law of 
the King of Spain. Napoleon was just then dreaming of the restoration of the 
colonial empire of France, but his activity in America forced Jefferson into a 
vigorous foreign policy. The slumbering discontent in Kentucky awoke with re- 
newed intensity, the whole country was convinced at last of the importance of 
the free navigation of the Mississippi and Monroe went to France in 1803 as the 
representative of a truly national policy. He was instructed to purchase New 
Orleans and the Floridas, or at least to secure a port of deposit or a similar 
concession. 

When Monroe reached Paris, he discovered that Livingston, the resident 
minister, had completed the preliminaries of the purchase, not of New Orleans, 
but of the whole district of Louisiana. Napoleon's sudden abandonment of his 
colonial schemes was due to the unexpected obstacles he encountered. The heroic 
resistance of Toussaint L'Ouverture in San Domingo was draining France of 
men and treasure; indeed she had been unable to take possession of Louisiana. 
Again, the continental policy of Napoleon made war with England almost inevi- 
table. Colonial expansion and war with England, at the same time, were too 
heavy a burden for France; with her command of the sea, England could 
promptly seize Louisiana. Napoleon, therefore, with the remorseless disregard 
for sentiment that made and ruined him, met Livingston's demand for conces- 
sions on the Mississippi with the proposal to sell all of Louisiana to the United 
States. Before the latter had recovered from his astonishment Monroe arrived, 
and together they resolved to exceed their instructions and accept the bargain 
Napoleon "tossed into their laps." For $15,000,000 the United States secured all 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



15 




APOSTLE OF FREE SILVER. REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS 1873 TO 1895. 
AND 1897 TO HIS DEATH. BORN AUGUST 10, 1835. DIED JUNE 15, 1899. 



the claims of France to New Orleans and the watershed of the Mississippi on its 
western bank. Thus began the colonial expansion of the United States. The 
Louisiana Purchase more than doubled the national domain, settled forever the 
Mississippi question, and hastened the inevitable advance to the Pacific. 

Early in ]804 Major Amos Stoddard raised the American flag in St. Louis, 
and for a few months remained as governor with the same powers as his 
Spanish predecessors. Congress then organized that part of the Purchase north 
of the thirty-third parallel as the District of Louisiana in the Territory of 
Indiana. Indiana was governed under the Northwest Ordinance by a governor. 
General W. H. Harrison, and by three judges, without a legislature. Congress 
at the same time refused to confirm by law the land grants made since 1800. 
The illiberal form of government and the uncertainty as to land titles evoked 
a formal pi'otest from the people. In the next year Congress changed the dis- 
trict to the Territory of Louisiana and Jefferson appointed Wilkinson its first 
governor. Both Lewis and Clarke later held this office, the latter being in 
office when the state was admitted. The territory obtained in 1812 a legislature 
of two houses, the upper house, or Council appointed by the President, and a 
delegate to Congress; in 1816 it elected its own Council. Two years later the 
territory applied for admission to the Union. The governors and legislatures 
introduced the American law and judicial procedure, and a system of local 
government. Until 1812 the original five districts of the Spanish regime were 
retained with a simple administrative and judicial machinery. When the ter- 
ritory was granted a legislature, the districts became counties, with the right 
of representation according to population. New counties were organized as 
the population increased until at the date of admission the State was divided 
into 25 counties. The administration of the counties was developed, new courts 
organized and a supreme court of appeal established at St. Louis. 

The transfer to the United States stimulated the western movement 
through Kentucky. Here and there might be found an enterprising Yankee, 
or a stolid German from Pennsylvania, but the immigrants were still of the 
sturdy old English and Scotch-Irish stock of Virginia and the Carolinas. The 
population was essentially agricultural and settled for the most part on de- 
tached farms or in little hamlets. The existing towns increased in inhabi- 
tants, but comparatively few new ones were founded. As in the early daya, 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1807 Frederick 
Bates acting gov- 
ernor. 



1808 Merriwether 
Lewis appointed 
governor. 



I 808 The Missouri 
Gazette, the first 
paper west ot the 
Mississippi river, 
established in July 
by Jos. Charless. 



16 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




THE HARNEY MANSION. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1808 The Missouri 
Fur Company es- 
tablished. 



810 Boon's Lick 
settlements made 
(now Howard 
county). 



I 8 10 Benjamin 
Howard gover- 
nor. 



181 1 New Madrid 
destroyed by an 
earthquake, 
December 16. 



settlement followed the rivers and creeks. The inhabited strip along the Mis- 
sissippi, before the Purchase perhaps twenty miles wide, in 1821 was more than 
doubled in width and was divided into two tiers of counties. Another stream 
of colonists ascended the Missouri to the Boon's Lick country, on the Missouri 

river. A flourishing set- 
tlement grew up there in 
the early days and three 
counties were oi'ganized 
lefore 1821. Franklin was 
the chief town of the dis- 
trict and the centre of the 
western trade. It was the 
headquarters of the hun- 
ters and trappers and of 
the traders who followed 
the old Santa Fe trail to 
New Mexico. Both banks 
of the Missouri were oc- 
cupied and organized as 
counties and a beginning 
made along the Missis- 
sippi to the northward. Altogether there were some 60,000 inhabitants in the 
territory when it became a State. 

During the territorial period Missouri became American in government 
and in character. The French influences pei'sisted longer in the older Missis- 
sippi towns; French merchants in St. Louis controlled much of the trade; 
individual Frenchmen were prominent in society and politics; but the coming 
of the newspapers and the steamboats ended the old regime. St. Louis with 
its fire engine and two newspapers was a bustling western town, while the 
Boon's Lick settlements reproduced the early days of Kentucky. The boisterous 
bullies of the river, the reckless adventurers so inevitable in a frontier settle- 
ment, with their feuds and duels, gave a false impression of lawlessness of 
those early days. The Missourians were a buoyant, optimistic people, quick 
to take offense, and preferring a rude and ready justice; indeed, they had the 
faults and virtues of the frontiersman everywhere, but they kept the Anglo- 
Saxon reverence for law and order. They were an agricultural people even 
more than in the earlier days, for the fur trade was already past its zenith. 
Somewhat less than a sixth of the population were slaves, to be found in the 
older Mississippi country, but on the whole the plantation system of the South 
was unsuited to Missouri. Wheat, corn, and beef with salt and lead, were the 
chief productions of the territory. The trade still followed the rivers, 
and received a great stimulus from the coming of the steamboats, which 
made the rivers highways in both directions. The greater part of the ex- 
ports, however, were still floated down to New Orleans in the clumsy barges, 
which were commonly sold as 
lumber with the cargo. 

The petition of this flour- 
ishing territory for admission to 
the Union began the long polit- 
ical contest over slavery and 
and for the first 
the country by a 
line into a North- 
Southern section, 
had viewed with 
the admission of 
Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana 
and Mississippi as slave states. 
Why then did she demand that 
Missouri should be free; why 
did the inevitable opposition of 
the two sections break out on on the classic hinkson creek. 



State rights, 
time divided 
geographical 
ern and a 
The North 
complacency 




THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



17 




ATTORMEY-GEXERAL IN LINCOLN'S CADINET. BORN 
SEPTEMBER 4, 1793. DIED MARCH 25, 1869. 



the admission of Missouri? Kentuckj' and Tennessee were admitted when the 
jest men, north and south, were united in a philosophical condemnation of 
slavery, and a hope of its ultimate extinction. Louisiana and Mississippi, and 
Alabama, which was admitted as a slave State in 1819, were all far to the 
southward and surrounded by slave territory. Missouri, however, was on the 
border line, and was not a great slaveholding community — slavery was not 
the foundation of its social and economic structure. Moreover, it was the first 
state to be formed from the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase. But the 
political question of the balance of power between the sections was the imme- 
diate cause of the struggle. At the adoption of the Constitution, North and 
South were nearly equal in population and representation, but in thirty years 
the free States had developed much more rapidly and gained a preponderance 
in the House of Representatives. In the Senate with its representation by 
States the relation of the sections had remained unchanged. Up to 1818, the 
new States, had been admitted in pairs, a free State with a slave State, but 
in that year both Missouri and Alabama were clamoring for admission. If 
both came in as slave States, the existing balance in the Senate would be 
destroyed. Alabama was by geographical position, inevitably slave. So the 
North was determined that Missouri should be free. 

As soon as the debates in Congress began, the difference of opinion was 
seen to go much deeper than any political question of balance of power. The 
divergence in the development of political and social ideals in the two sec- 
tions appeared so plainly as to appall the nation. On the question of slavery 
the older philosophical disapproval of the North had broadened into a growing 
conviction that slavery was a moral and an economic wrong. Almost all of 
the northern States had abolished slavery and believed that its further exten- 
sion should be resisted. The South had moved even further in the opposite 
direction. Instead of the earlier theoretical condemnation of slavery, the South 
now regarded it as indispensable to its present mode of existence. No one 
thing had done as much to bring about this change as the invention of the 
cotton gin and the enormous development of the cotton culture, which had in- 
creased threefold the value of slaves and promised the South an era of unex- 
ampled prosperity. Intimately connected with this developing difference of 
opinion on slavery, was a more serious divergence in political ideals, a radically 

Mo.~2. 



.Missouri 
Chronology 



1 8 12 Territory ot 
Louisiana chang- 
ed to Territory of 
Missouri, January 
4, with William 
Clarke governor. 



i8i2 Bank of St. 
Louis incorpor- 
ated. 



1813 First bricK 
house in St. Louis 
built by Wm. C 
Carr. ' 



I 8 14 Many Indian 
massacres oc- 
curred in Mis- 
souri. 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1817 Charles Lucas 
killed in a duel 
with Thomas H. 
Benton. 



?I7 The General 
Fike, the first 
steamer to land 
at St. Louis. 



different conception of the relation of the States to the general government. The 
South held that the powers of the general government should be limited by a 
strict and literal interpretation of the Constitution, and that the Constitu- 
tion was a compact between the States. In the North, however, the older par- 
ticularistic theories of the powers of the States were yielding to a devotion to 
the Union, and a desire to extend the general powers of the government. 

This divergence had been growing silently for years, almost unsuspected; 
now it startled North and South alike. In Congress the struggle over Mis- 
souri was a contest between the House and the Senate. In 1819 the House, 
by its adoption of the Tallmadge resolution that the further introduction of 
slavery into Missouri should be prohibited, and that all children born of slaves 
should be free at twenty-five years of age, committed itself to the theory that 
Congress might compel a State to abolish slavery as a condition of admission. 
The Senate refused to concur. Arkansas territory was set off from Missouri, 
however, with no restrictions as to slavery. When Congress reassembled in 
December, the Missouri question was complicated by the application of Maine 
for admission as a free State. The Senate was resolved that the two States must 

be admitted together or not at all. The 
House was equally determined that Mis- 
souri should not be admitted as a slave 
State. The debates which followed 
showed the country how far it had drifted 
toward disunion. The arguments on the 
one hand were that Congress had no 
right to impose conditions on the admis- 
sion of a State; that the restriction urged 
by the House violated the guarantees of 
the Treaty of Purchase, and that slavery 
was necessary to the prosperity of the 
South and the best thing for the negro. 
These propositions were denied in toto by 
the North. 

Moderate men of both sections sought 
some compromise, and finally united on 
the proposal of Senator Thomas, of Illi- 
nois. This first Missouri compromise 
satisfied neither party, but finally passed 
both Houses in 1820 by small majorities. 
By it Maine was admitted, as a free State 
of course, and no restriction as to slavery 
was introduced into the permission to 
Missouri to form a State constitution. 
But from all the rest of the Louisiana 
Purchase north of 36 degrees, 30 minutes, 
the southern boundary of Missouri, 
slavery was forever excluded. 

Missouri acted at once on 
this permission. A convention 
met at St. Louis and drew up a 
State constitution, which bore 
few traces of the excitement of 
the time, and remained the fun- 
damental law of the State until 
after the war. In its main out- 
lines it bore a close resemblance 
to the Constitution of Kentucky. 
The democratic character of the 
inhabitants was reflected in the 




MONUMENT TO THOMAS JEKFEKSON, ORIGINALLY ERECTED 
AT MONTICELLO FROM DESIGNS LEFT BY MR. JEFFERSON; 
NOW ON STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS AT COLUMBIA. 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



19 




UNITED STATES SENATOR, 1863 TO 1867. GOVERNOR, 1871 
TO 1873. BORN MAY 28, 1826. DIED DECEMBER 13, 1885. 



provision for universal suffrage; the disqualification of clergymen for the higher 
offices, and the prohibition of the Legislature to charter more than one bank, re- 
flected unpleasant incidents in the previous history of the territory. But the 
clauses as to slavery attracted the most attention and had an unforeseen result. 
Before the debates in Congress there was a respectable minority in favor of the 
prohibition of slavery, but the natural resentment which swept over the State at 
the attempt of the North to impose conditions on her admission, destroyed its in- 
fluence. The Convention seems to have been unanimous against the restriction 
of slavery. The Constitution declared that the Legislature had no power to 
emancipate slaves without the consent of their owners, a clause which Benton 
has claimed to originate to take slavery out of State politics. The Legislature 
could provide for emancipation with the consent of the masters, and it was its 
duty to secure humane treatment for the slaves. Finally, the Legislature was 
to see to it, by suitable legislation, that all free negroes and mulattoes be ex- 
cluded from the State. 

The decision of the State was in no sense determined by the attempted 
dictation of the North. Missouri was not a great slaveholding community, 
frontier settlements never are; nor were conditions favorable in general, for 
the plantation system. Less than one-sixth of the population were negroes 
in 1820 and the ratio steadily decreased. But slavery had always existed in 
the territory, the great mass of the population were familiar with the system, 
were descendants of slaveholders and bound by ties of sympathy and blood 
to the South. The Constitution was declared in force by the Convention, and, 
as every one believed that the admission was a mere formality, the people 
elected a governor and legislature and organized a State government. Mis- 
souri for a time was practically, if not legally, a State without the Union. 

Congress, however, did not admit Missouri to the Union until after months 
of flerce and acrimonious debates. The extremists, North and South, were 
dissatisfied with the first compromise, and in the House of Representatives 
refused to accept Missouri's Constitution on the grounds that the clauses as 
to free negroes were unconstitutional. The Senate, as before, was on the side 
of Missouri. Neither would yield, the excitement in Congress and in the 
country threatened the very existence of the Union, when Henry Clay, by his 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 8 1 8 Congress ask- 
ed to authorize a 
state government 
for Missouri. 



I 8 19 The Inde- 
pendence, the first 
steamer to ascend 
the Missouri river, 
went to Old 
Franklin in May. 



I 8 1 9 The Tall- 
madge anti- 
slavery resolution 
affecting the ad- 
mission of Mis- 
souri as a state, 
passed by the 
United States 
House of Repre- 
sentatives. 



20 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



personal influence and eloquence, induced Congress to accept the second Mis- 
souri compromise. Missouri was to be admitted under her Constitution, when 
she pledged herself, by a solemn public act, never to construe certain specified 
clauses of it so as to au- 
thorize any law abridging 
the rights of citizens of 
any other State. Missouri, 
with her State government 



[820 Bill providing 
for the establish- 
ment of the state fully organized, and her 
of Missouri passed senators and representa- 
both houses of , . . „, , . 

tives m Washington wait- 



Congress in 
March. 



1820 Foity-one 
members oi a 
Constitutional 
Convention 
elected in May. 




ST. CHARLES COUNTY RESIDENCE VV^HERE 
DANIEL BOONE DIED IN 1832. 



1820 The Consti- 
tutional Conven- 
tion met in St. 
Louis June 12, 
and adjourned 
July 19. 



1820 Alexander 
McNair elected 
governor of Mis- 
souri in August. 



ing for recognition, re- 
sented this seemingly 
treacherous delay of Con- 
gress. But the Legislature 
passed a resolution which 
Monroe recognized as ful- 
filling the conditions, and 
Missouri entered the 
Union. And, curiously 
enough, the articles of the 
Constitution enumerated 
in the act of Congress and 
the resolution of the Leg- 
islature can not by any human ingenuity be identified with the clauses exclud- 
ing free negroes! 

The first State elections resulted in the choice of Alexander McNair as 
Governor, and John Scott, the old territorial delegate, as representative. The 
Legislature was nearly unanimous in favor of Barton as senator, and after a 
protracted contest chose Thomas Hart Benton as his colleague. Barton served 
continuously until 1831, and Benton until 1851. All in all, Benton is the 
greatest man xMissouri has produced. At Washington he stood in the 
front rank in the Senate which included Clay, Webster and Calhoun. He 
was the intimate and trusted friend of Jackson. At home he dominated the 
democratic party until his retii-ement, and was one of the best types of the 
rugged western democracy. His strength lay rather in his unwearied industry, 
and his natural sound sense than in eloquence or learning. Throughout his 
long career he was the steadfast advocate of specie currency and a liberal land 
policy — both essential to the development of his State' — and went down in defeat 

on his opposition to the extension of slavery. 
Political parties, however, did not emerge 
until the presidential election of 1828, 
when Missouri then cast her vote for 
Jackson. Probably opposition to the 
national bank and the money power 
influenced the votes in 1828, but 
Missouri was naturally demo- 
cratic; Jackson, the man of the 
people, represented the ideals and 
aspirations of the majority of Mis- 
sourians. Slavery and her southern 
sympathies kept the State in the demo- 
cratic party until the stirring times be- 
fore the war. 
The influence of slavery on Missouri's polit- 
ical history must not be overestimated, 
however. The proportion of negroes to the 
total population steadily diminished, and these 




ON A COUNTRY KOAIJSIDE 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



21 




BUILDER OF THE ST. LOUIS BRIDGE AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER JETTIES. 
BORN MAY 23, 1820. DIED MARCH 8, 1887. 



negroes were found chiefly in the fertile lands along the great rivers, 
and in the older portions of the State. Throughout the State free labor was 
the rule. The anti-slavery minority revived after the admission of the State. 
Many of her ablest men, Benton in particular, disliked slavery, were opposed 
to its extension, and longed for its disappearance. The leaders, drawn from 
all political parties, met in 1828 in secret conference, and planned a campaign 
for gradual emancipation, and the prospect for success seemed excellent, when 
the excesses of a New York abolitionist raised the spectre of social equality 
between the races, and the whole scheme was abandoned before it was disclosed. 
Resentment at the extreme views of the abolitionists created an insurmount- 
able obstacle to any successful agitation later and, perhaps, prevented gradual 
emancipation in both Kentucky and Missouri. 

The general legislation up to 1849 does not call for any extended comment. 
The Legislature devoted much of its time to providing for the increase in popu- 
lation by the organization of new counties and perfecting the local government. 
The laws of the State were carefully revised in the session of 1824-5, and again 
at the end of the succeeding decades. Several minor amendments to the Con- 
stitution were adopted from time to time, but the attempt to remodel the instru- 
ment by the Convention of 1845 was rejected by the people. 

The chief concern of the Missourians was in the battle with the wilderness. 
The population, which doubled every ten years until the war, was still drawn 
in the main from Kentucky, but the population was losing its earlier homo- 
geneity. The northern stream of immigration through the Mohawk valley and 
the old Northwest reached the Mississippi and joined the earlier movement in 
Missouri, and the men from Illinois and the northeast began to form an impor- 
tant element in the State. The Germans, the first foreign born immigrants to 
the State, were settling in large numbers about St. Louis and to the northeast. 
They were a frugal, industrious, and law-abiding people, and, except for their 
tendency to retain their own language and customs, a thoroughly desirable 
acquisition. The older districts were soon fully occupied, so the bulk of these 
later immigrations followed up the tributaries of the Missouri and the Missis- 
sippi and settled in the back country. Many of them settled in or near the 



Missouri 
Chronology 



?2o The first 
Legislature of 
Missouri met in 
St. Louis the 3d 
Monday in Sep- 
tember, with 14 
senators and 43 
representatives. 



1820 Legislature 
adjourned Sep- 
tember 26, in 
honor of Daniel 
Boone, who died 
that day. 



820 An act of 
Legislature passed 
November 28, 
fixed the seat of 
government at 
St. Charles until 
October i, 
1826, at which 
date it was to be 
removed to Jef- 
ferson Cit)'. 



22 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1 82 1 The admission 
of Missouri as a 
state was refused 
by Congress on 
on February 1 1 , 
account of the 
State Constitution 
requiring free ne- 
groes and mulat- 
toes to be exclud- 
ed from settling 
in the state. 



I 821 The Clay 
formula, making 
the condition that 
the "restrictive 
section" of the 
constitution of 
Missouri should 
not be construed 
to affect any citi- 
zen of any state, 
was passed by 
Congress on 
February 26. 



1821 June 4 a 
special session of 
the Missouri leg- 
islature was held 
at St. Charles 
which passed the 
required act ot 
Congress. 




^?f®*:5 



KEPRESENTATIVE MISSOUEI HOME — CASS COUNTY. 



large towns. The whole 
State was subdivided into 
counties of reasonable 
size. It was losing, also, 
somewhat of its distinc- 
tively southern character. 
Missouri was still pri- 
m a r i 1 y an agricultural 
State. Manufactures were 
in their infancy, and com- 
m e r c e , outside of food 
stuffs, was confined to furs 
and the Mexican trade. 
The former had diminished 
greatly in amount and impor- 
tance, but the Mexican trade 
which followed the picturesque 
old Santa Fe trail, became sufficiently important for the United States to survey 
the easiest route in 1825. Roads were built throughout the State, as the density 
of population warranted the expense, but the steamboats on the Mississippi 
were still the easiest means of transportation. The towns increased in number 
and in wealth and St. Louis became one of the important cities of the Union. 
The wild speculation in public lands which followed the deposits of the United 
States in the State banks and the distribution of the surplus stimulated a 
feverish and fictitious prospei'ity, and the collapse brought ruin to many indi- 
viduals. The healthy growth in population and wealth continued; meanwhile, 
the State wisely refrained from a ruinous system of public improvements, and 
Missouri recovered quickly from the financial depression. 

One result of the demand for land was the acquisition of the triangle be- 
tween the western boundary and the Missouri river — the Platte Purchase of 
1836. There were two obstacles to the consent of Congress to this increase in 
territory, the existence of an Indian reservation there, and the violation of 
the letter of the Compromise of 1820. The Missouri senators, Benton and 
Linn, secured this fertile region, now one of the richest in the State. The first 
settlers in the extreme west, however, were the Mormons, fresh from their 
trials in the east. They were a thrifty people and prospered in their new 
homes, but their peculiar moral and religious views aroused the dislike of their 
neighbors; they were accused of horse stealing and much petty dishonesty, and 
were soon attacked and retaliated in kind. The militia finally broke up the 
Mormon settlements, forced them to abandon their property and leave the State. 
Missouri was no longer merely a frontier settlement. In 1839 the Legis- 
lature applied the proceeds from the public lands donated in 1820 to the 
foundation of a State University, which was located in Columbia. After a long 

period of slow but solid 
growth, the University has 
of late entered on a period 
of phenomenal develop- 
ment and now ranks with 
the best of the State uni- 
versities. St. Louis was a 
city of sufficient impor- 
tance to attract Lafayette 
in his triumphal progress 
and to induce Webster to 
journey from New En- 
gland to see the growing 
Empire of the West. Mis- 
souri never had a serious 
AK EVENING MEAL. Indian question of her 




THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



23 




LEADER OF THE MARCH TO MEXICO, THE GREATEST IN 
HISTORY. BORN JULY 9, 1808. DIED AUGUST 8, 1887. 



own, but she sent her militia to crush the Blaclv Hawlv rising in the North, 
and to destroy the Seminoles in Florida. Her senators and representatives 
at Washington were heard in every important discussion, and Missouri in gen- 
eral took an intelligent and active part in national affairs. 

The revolt of Texas, with its consequent annexation and war with Mexico, 
aroused more interest in Missouri than in any other State, perhaps. A very 
large number of the Americans who appropriated Texas when it was still a 
Mexican State, were Missouriaus, many more took part in the Texan war of 
Independence, so that ties of blood reinforced the characteristic land hunger 
which aroused the West in favor of annexation. The extension of slave ter- 
ritory, which appealed to the disciples of Calhoun, had only a secondary interest 
for Missouri. At the very outset of the war, a regiment of Missouri volunteers 
hastened to New Orleans to defend Louisiana. Her most striking service, how- 
ever, was in the conquest of New Mexico. General Kearney, of the regular army, 
organized an expedition at Fort Leavenworth, composed of a small number of 
regular troops and the famous "Doniphan's Brigade" of Missourians. This 
little army, a thousand strong, traveled the Santa Fe trail for nine hundred 
miles in fifty days, and captured Santa Fe without a struggle. The expedition 
was absolutely without any base of supplies from the day it left Fort Leaven- 
worth; the march lay through uninhabited wilderness and desert. General Don- 
iphan passed on into Mexico, did valiant service against Mexicans and Indians, 
and returned by sea to New Orleans. A second regiment followed Doniphan 
down the trail and policed New Mexico until the end 
of the war. A third regiment was ready to start 
out when peace was made. 

The question of slavery in the regions acquired 
from Mexico revived the geographical division of 
political parties, and opened the struggle which cul- 
minated in the Civil War. In Congress Henry Clay 
put through the last and greatest of his compromises; 
in Missouri, however, there was no compromise. Ben- 
ton had been the unquestioned leader of the demo- early home of gov. charles 
crats for twenty-five years, but now the majority of h. hardin, Columbia, first 
them revolted against him and his steadfast resis- brick house in centr.4l mis- 
tance to the extension of slavery in the territories. souri. 




Missouri 
Chronology 



I 821 On August 
10, a copy of the 
actof the Missouri 
legislature was 
delivered to the 
president of the 
United States, 
and he immedi- 
ately proclaimed 
the admission of 
Missouri as a 
state. 



?2i Banking Loan 
Offices were es- 
tablished which 
proved disastrous 
financially to the 
people. 



1 821 The first di- 
rectory of St. 
Louis was pub- 
lished, giving the 
population as 
5,500. 



24 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 8z2 St. Louis was 
incorporated by 
the legislature. 



1823 Joshua Barton 
killed in a duel 
with Thomas C. 
Rector. 



1824 Frederick 
Bates elected 
governor. 



CONFEDERATE 

MONUMENT — 
SPRINGFIELD. 



Moreover, his imperious and ill-controlled temper had made him many enemies, 
and his autocratic will alienated the younger men. His opponents accordingly at- 
tacked him through the Jackson resolutions passed by the Missouri legislature 
in 1849. These resolutions, denied in the strongest terms the power of Congress 
to interfere with slavery in the territories and hint not obscurely at the pos- 
sibility and legality of secession. They were, and were intended to be, a direct 
censure on Benton. His reply was characteristic. On the floor of the Senate 
he denounced the I'esolutions as unwise, unsound, and disloyal; he denied that 
they represented the real opinion of his State; he continued his fight against 
the extension of slavery until the Compromise was passed, and then went back 
to Missouri to face his opponents. 

The principles put forward in the Jackson resolutions served as a political 
platform, to the pro-slavery democrats until the war. Benton in 1850 appealed 
from the Legislature to the people and conducted a vigorous campaign through- 
out the State in the election of the next Legislature. His speeches were a 
curious mixture of sound political sense and a wealth of personal invective 
and denunciation characteristic of the man. The democratic majority in the 
Legislature of 1851 was divided into two factions, for and against Benton, so 
that the whigs were holding the balance of power. The anti-Benton democrats 
joined the whigs and elected a whig to succeed Benton. The latter returned 
to Congress as a representative in 1852, where he was out-spoken in opposition 
to the Kansas-Nebraska bill. His friends in the Legislature prevented any choice 

of United States senator in 1854 and brought his 

tname forward as a candidate in 185G. in which 
year he was also a candidate for governor, stand- 
** ing third on the list, but his vote combined with 

that of the American candidate far outnumbered 
that of the regular democratic ticket. Benton 
himself died soon afterward; his supporters were 
divided among the Americans, the union demo- 
crats, and the republicans. The other wing of 
the democratic party was more than ever com- 
mitted to slavery and the South. The opposition 
to it did not take effective form until the presi- 
dential election of 1860. 

Meanwhile, in Congress, Douglas with his 
Kansas-Nebraska act had repealed the Mis- 
souri Compromise and established his prin- 
ciple of "squatter sovereignty." The exist- 
ence of slavery in the territories was to be 
left to the people of the territories. The doc- 
trine proved a dangerous one in its practical 
operation, for there was no agreement as to 
when the people should make their decision, 
whether under the territorial government or 
at admission as a State. In the specific a?t 
organizing Kansas and Nebraska, Missouri 
was directly interested in the status of Kan- 
sas. If Kansas decided against slavery, 
slavery in western Missouri, sur- 
rounded as it would be on two sides by 
free territory, would be in a precarious 
position. Moreover, the 
South in general believ- 
ed that it was the in- 
tention, unexpressed it is 
true, that Kansas should 
be slave, and Nebraska 





THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



25 




WAl! (JOVKRXOK 1861-1864. BORN NOVEMUEK 29, 1798. DIED JANUARY 31, 1864. 



free. Thus the Missourians would resent any interference with slavery in 
Kansas as prejudicial to their welfare and as a violation of natural justice. 

When Kansas territory was organized in 1854, there were a number of 
Missourians in the district, who at once were reinforced by settlers from the 
western counties. But certain energetic New England opponents of slavery were 
determined that Kansas should be free, even under popular sovereignty, and 
through their "Emigrant Aid Societies" they aided hundreds of northern men 
to emigrate to Kansas. The earliest of these settlers seem to have been "bona 
fide" emigrants interested primarily in bettering their fortunes. But the coloni- 
zation scheme seemed to the Missourians a quite unjustifiable interference; they 
retaliated with the formation of Blue Lodges whose purpose was to aid the 
southerners in Kansas to maintain their political superiority. They appealed 
to the South for aid in money and for settlers. 

So far, the efforts of either section were equally legitimate or illegitimate. 
But the South was hopelessly handicapped by the system of slavery in the race 
to occupy Kansas. There was no large class available for emigration. The 
whites were either slaveholders and owners of plantations who could not easily 
convert their property into cash, or poor whites, while the north could send out 
an army of mechanics, artisans, petty merchants, or small farmers. Only one 
band from the South of any size answered the call of Missouri. She by herself 
could not cope with the natural immigration from Illinois and Iowa, reinforced 
by the surplus population of New England sent on by the Emigrant Aid Socie- 
ties. Within a year it was evident that Kansas was slipping out of the grasp of 
the South. It was over two years before President Buchanan found a governor 
firm enough to establish order with the help of the federal troops. A desultory 
warfare continued on the Missouri border until the war, and was a training 
school for the guerrillas and bush-whackers in the later contest. 

This struggle for Kansas re-acted on Missouri politics and strengthened the 
pro-slavery democrats. The old whig party disappeared and was replaced by the 
Americans and the union democrats. The republican party made little head- 
way outside of St. Louis. James S. Rollins, an old-line whig, secured the sup- 
port of these elements of opposition to the regular democracy and in 1857 was 
defeated for governor by 334 votes only. The national parties, also, were in a 
chaotic condition at the presidential election in 1860. There were four candi- 
dates and four platforms on the slavery question before the people. The demo- 



MlSSOURI 

Chronology 



1825 Governor 
Bates died and 
was succeeded by 
Abraham J. 
Williams, presi- 
dent of the State 
Senate. 



1825 John Miller 
elected governor. 



1825 Lafayette vis- 
ited St. Louis. 



1826 The fourth 
annual session of 
the Missouri leg- 
islature was the 
first one to meet 
at Jefferson City. 



26 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 




AN AFTERNOON IN HARVESTING DAYS. 



^27 The Kansas, 
Shawnees and 
Iowa tribes of 
Indians removed 
from the state of 
Missouri. 



1828 John Miller 
re-elected gov- 
ernor. 



829 A battle be- 
tween the Whites 
and Indians oc- 
curred in Ran- 
dolph county in 
July, 3 of the 
former and 1 2 of 
the latter being 
killed. 



1830 Spencer Pet 
tis and Major 
Biddle fight a 
duel and each is 
killed. 



1831 The Mor- 
mons first settled 
in Jackson coun- 
ty. 



cratic party was rent in twain; the southern delegates nominated Breclvenridge 
and denied the power of Congress or the territorial government to exclude 
slavery; the northern delegates chose Douglas, with a platform reaffirming the 
doctrine of "popular sovereignty." The republicans nominated Lincoln and de- 
clared their absolute opposi- 
tion to the further extension 
of slavery. A convention of 
the older whigs and Ameri- 
cans, calling themselves un- 
ion democrats, tried to elimi- 
nate slavery from the cam- 
paign by proclaiming "the 
Constitution, the Union, and 
the enforcement of the laws" 
their platform. Bell was their 
candidate. 

In Missouri the contest 
lay between the various dem- 
ocratic candidates. The union 
democrats attracted the conservatives and drew heavily from both sec- 
tions of the democratic party. In the State election the factions patched up a 
truce and elected as governor a Douglas democrat. In the national election, 
however, the Douglas ticket was successful, with a majority over the union dem- 
ocrats of but 429. The Breckenridge ticket was 27,000 votes behind that of Bell, 
and the republican electors at the bottom of the poll. Missouri had repudiated 
the extreme doctrines on slavery, both northern and southern, and cast her vote 
for a conservative policy and mutual concessions. Such was her attitude until 
civil war made it no longer tenable. 

The decade before the war was one of great prosperity to the State. Popu- 
lation still increased at about the same rate, but the political troubles in Europe 
and the Irish famine sent over large numbers of Germans and Irish, so that the 
foreign born comprised one-seventh of the population. The first railroad was 
begun in 1850, followed by many others, all liberally aided by State guarantee 
of their loans. The first general grant of State funds to the public schools was 
made in 1852-3. Twenty per cent of the revenue of the State was to be divided 
among the counties for public instruction. This policy, changed in detail in 
1875, has been continued ever since. 

The governor elected in 1860, Claiborne F. Jackson, was the sponsor for the 
Jackson resolutions of 1849. The Legislature was hopelessly divided. The 
Breckenridge democrats were the most numerous, but were outnumbered by the 
combined vote of the Douglas and Bell adherents, while the republicans were 
few but active. The Legislature had not been long in session when the Governor 
called upon them to take action on the question of secession. He recommended 
that a convention be summoned to ascertain the will of the people. The repub- 
licans were almost alone in opposition, but the moderate members forestalled 
any precipitate action by inserting a proviso that the convention submit any act 
or resolution that changed or dissolved the political relations of the State to the 
Union, to a popular vote. 

In the election of delegates to the convention, secession was presented to the 
people as a political issue for the first time. The result was a surprise to all and 
a disappointment to the extreme Southern sympathizers. The convention did not 
include a single avowed champion of secession. The people regarded the seces- 
sion of South Carolina and the Cotton States as hasty and unjustified by any act 
of the federal government. The vote, however, was not a condemnation of se- 
cession as unrighteous or unconstitutional; it did not mean that the majority 
were uncompromisingly Union. Missouri called for delay and compromise, for 
the preservation of the Union if possible. That this was the real sentiment of 
the State appears in the appointment, by the Legislature, of delegates to the 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



27 





GEORGE-C BINGHAM 



AKTIST. BORN MARCH 20, 1811. DIED JULY 7, 1879. THE PICTURE REPRODUCES HIS 

FAMOUS County Election, now in mercantile library, st. louis. 



Peace Conference in Virginia, and, by the convention, to the Border States Con- 
gress of Kentucky, and especially in the resolutions of the convention. These 
resolutions declared that, at present, there was no adequate reason for Missouri 
to leave the Union; that Missouri favored any fair compromise, endorsed the 
Crittenden Compromise, and desired a national convention; and that, as coer- 
cion of the seceding States would inevitably lead to civil war, Missouri entreated 
the national government not to employ force. The convention then adjourned, 
after empowering a committee to call it together again if necessary. 

The decision of the convention was a crushing blow to the Southern sympa- 
thizers, and paralyzed their efforts for a time, although Jackson and the chief 
officials of the State were with them. They needed arms for their adherents and 
had already secured the pledge of the commander of the arsenal at St. Louis 
that he would surrender it to the State. Now they were forced to bide their 
time. Meanwhile Francis F. Blair, the leader of the Missouri republicans, was 
organizing a force to protect the arsenal. The Germans at St. Louis had formed 
marching clubs during the presidential campaign; these Blair quietly but openly 
transformed into military organizations. The Germans were quite untouched 
by the perplexing problem of State sovereignty, and were moved only by their 
opposition to slavery and their attachment to the Union. Lincoln acted on the 
advice of Blair and sent Captain Lyon, an uncompromising Union man, to com- 
mand the increased garrison at the arsenal. The guns were safe from any 
sudden attack. 

Governor Jackson and his party recovered some of their lost ground when 
Lincoln called for State troops after the attack on Fort Sumter. Jackson re- 
fused to obey the call of the President on the ground that Lincoln's purpose 
was "unconstitutional and diabolical." The neutrality of the State, which was 
perhaps the wish of a majority, was no longer possible, and Missouri had to 
cast her lot with the North or South. For a few weeks it was uncertain whether 
the people would be influenced most by their loyalty to the Union or their re- 
sentment at the attack on the seceding States. In the Legislature the Southern 
sympathizers revived a militia bill to place the State on a war footing, and Gov- 
ernor Jackson established a practice camp for militia on the outskirts of St. 
Louis. He succeeded in smuggling in guns and ammunition from the South. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 83 1 The first 
steamboat from 
St. Louis went to 
the head waters 
of the Missouri 
river. 



1832 During the 
Black Hawk 
War, Major 
General Gentry 
of Columbia es- 
tablished fortifica- 
tions in northeast 
Missouri. 



1832 Daniel Dunk- 
lin elected gov- 
ernor. 



1832 Asiatic chol- 
era killed over 
400 people in St. 
Louis. 



28 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




M1S80UU1AA OF TlIK KAKLY DAYS. 

Photo 1)1/ Joe L. Douglass, Columbia 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1833 Mormons 
driven from 
Jackson county. 



^33 Over 100 
people die from 
cholera at St. 
Charles. 



1834 Lewis F. Linn 
elected U. S. 
Senator. 



[835 A destructive 
fire at St. Louis 
destroyed the 
Cathedral and 
many other 
buildings. 



Blair offered his Germans to Lincoln as Missouri's quota of militia, and five 
regiments were mustered into the United States service. The two parties were 

now armed and face to face at St. 
Louis. 

Through the spring of 1861 Mis- 
souri and the border slave States were 
the greatest source of anxiety to Lin- 
coln. Their support was absolutely 
necessary to the South, if secession 
was to be successful; if they seceded, 
the success of the North was doubtful. 
Maryland and Delaware, from geo- 
graphical position, Lincoln was obliged 
to secure at all costs. Virginia, on the 
other hand, in spite of her reluctance, 
was certain to join the South the mo- 
ment war broke out. But Kentucky and 
Missouri hung in the balance. Lin- 
coln knew that open interference here 
might drive these States from the Un- 
ion and give to the South a wealth of 
men and treasure. 

These border States for a time 
di'eamed of a position of neutrality and 
Lincoln waited with patience until they 
should see that this was impossible. 
Missouri was the more doubtful State; 
indeed, at this critical period, she once more played a decisive part in the na- 
tion's history. Lincoln was particularly fortunate in that two Missourians of 
undoubted honesty and ability, Montgomery Blair and Edward Bates, were in 
his cabinet. Through them he kept in touch with Francis Blair and the repub- 
licans in St. Louis. He relied on Lyon and the German regiments to thwart 
Jackson and the secessionists, and refused as yet to send Federal troops into 
the State. 

When the Governor began to mobilize the militia at Camp Jackson, Lyon 
felt it was time to strike. The Governor was evidently planning to override 
the decision of the convention and refuse obedience to the President. His 
militia, although insignificant as yet, were certainly a nucleus for a revolution- 
ary force. So Lyon surrounded Camp Jackson with his Germans and regulars, 
and forced the militia to surrender without a blow. They were so outnumbered 
that resistance was impossible. Indeed, they were not an immediate danger to 
the republicans and Lyon's attack must be regarded as a precautionary measui'e. 
Most unfortunately, the soldiers, who were roughly handled by the crowd of 
Southern sympathizers, fired upon the people, and killed and wounded a number 
of innocent spectators. 

For a few days it seemed that this vigorous action of Lyon would defeat its 
own purpose and drive the State into secession. A grossly exaggerated report 
of the brutality of the German troops sent a wave of resentment through the 
State and carried the unfortunate militia bill through the Legislature. This 
diverted most of the revenue to the organization of me militia, whom the gov- 
ernor was empowered to enlist to the number of 50,000. But the excitement 
died down as the real facts became known, and the Federal troops remained in- 
active at St. Louis. For a month Governor Jackson and General Price were 
reorganizing the State militia, and seeking a recognition of neutrality from Gen- 
eral Harney. When he was superseded by Lyon, the crisis came. Jackson and 
Price met Lyon at St. Louis in conference, and the latter demanded that the 
new militia be disbanded and absolutely refused to pledge himself not to occupy 
the State with Federal troops. His terms were refused, and two days later he 
moved his troops by water to Jefferson City. The State militia lacked arms and 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



29 




THE children's POET. BORN SEPTEMBER 2, 1850. DIED NOVEMBER 4, 1895. 



organization, they were scattered in a brief engagement at Boonville, and the 
Governor and the Southern members of the Legislature fled to the southwest. 
Here the fragment of the Legislature met somewhat later and passed an act of 
secession. The Governor and General Price retired to Arkansas to organize an 
army with the Confederate General McCullough. 

None of the battles of the campaigns in Missouri had in any sense of the 
word a decisive influence in the Civil War. At the outset, the Confederates 
under Price and McCullough held the southwestern part of the State. Lyon met 
his death in an effort to dislodge them with an insufficient force, but in 1862 
they were forced to evacuate the State. In 1864 Price made a brilliant raid 
across the State up the Missouri valley, but accomplished nothing beyond the 
destruction of public property. Missouri, however, suffered severely throughout 
the war from a cruel and destructive guerrilla warfare. Almost every county 
had its band of Southern sympathizers who were forced to abandon their homes 
and take to "bush-whacking" or slip south to join the Confederates. The worst 
elements in the old border warfare reappeared in organized bands of outlaws or 
as irregular troops under the Federal flag. The Union commanders placed the 
State under martial law, and maintained an army of occupation. Some of them 
indeed, seemed to have forgotten that Missouri was not in rebellion. Still, in 
spite of the hard feeling thus engendered, Missouri sent over 109,000 men to 
the Union armies, more in proportion to her population than any other State in 
the Union, beside perhaps 30,000 more who enlisted under the Confederate flag. 

The flight of Governor Jackson and the dispersal of the Legislature in 1861 
left the State without an organized government. The convention re-assembled 
at Jefferson City and assumed control of the State. By what purported to be 
amendments to the Constitution, it vacated the offices of Governor, of Lieutenant- 
Governor, and of Secretary of State, and appointed Hamilton R. Gamble provis- 
ional governor. At a later meeting in the same year the convention abolished 
minor ofticers, cut down salaries, organized the militia, and issued State Defence 
bonds. It required also an oath of allegiance to the Union from every State 
officer. In the following year it expelled all of its members who had joined the 
Confederates, and tabled Lincoln's proposal for gradual emancipation. It 
adopted, also, a more stringent test oath to be taken by every voter. Finally, 
in 1863, it adopted a plan of gradual emancipation, and dissolved itself. Al- 



'MlSSOURI 

Chronology 



1836 Lilburn W. 
Boggs elected 
governor. 



1836 Stephen F. 
Austin, born at 
Potosi, with oth- 
ers, went to Texas 
to aid in the fight 
for independence, 
and established 
Austin the capital 
of that state. 



1836 The state 
penitentiary at 
Jefferson City 
opened with one 
inmate. 



1836 Railroad from 
St. Louis to the 
Iron Mountain 
chartered. 



THE STORY OF THE STATE. 



31 




lUSlIOr E. M. MAKVIN. rKEACHEK. BORN JUNE 12, 1823. DIED DECEMBER 3, 1877. 



though a new Legislature was elected in 1862, the convention and its Governor 
were the paramount political power in Missouri for over two years. It certainly 
put the most liberal of interpretations on its powers, yet it is due to it that Mis- 
souri had a continuous State government throughout 
the war and escaped the horrors of reconstruction. 

In the election of the Legislature in 1862 the voters 
called for emancipation of the slaves and the conven- 
tion in 1863 passed its emancipation ordinance. The 
radical republicans were much disappointed with its 
gradual character, and with the moderate policy of Gov- 
ernor Gamble. Thoy tried in vain to secure the interfer- 
ence of Lincoln in State politics. In the next year, how- 
ever, they gained control of the State government, and 
of the new Constitutional Convention. This convention, 
which met in 1865, drafted an entire new Constitution, 
which was adopted by the people. Its provisions on 
certain questions, notably education and finance, were 
a distinct advance on the original Constitution, but its 
real purpose w^as to put in force the programme of the 
radical republicans. Slavery was at once and forever 
abolished. The conditions required of all voters were 
so drastic that every man who had not been from the 
beginning uncompromising in his support of the Union 
was disfranchised. Every voter was to be registered, 
was to take the famous "Iron Clad" oath, that he had 
never committed any of a long catalogue of acts, in- 
cluding every conceivable display of sympathy with the 
South, and, moreover, must convince the registration 
officers that he swore truly. The oath was demanded 
from every State or county officer, every teacher, attorney, or minister, and 
from every man who voted on the ratification of the Constitution. Yet the Con- 
stitution was adopted only by a small majority. 

The radicals controlled the government until 1870. Although the supreme 
court of the United States declared the "Iron Clad" oath unconstitutional, the 




MARK TWAIN AT HIS 
OLD HOME IN HANNIBAL. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1836 Great floods 
throughout Mis- 
souri. 



1837 Ex-Senator 
David Barton 
died September 
26, at Boonville. 



1837 The state 
house at Jefferson 
City burned No- 
vember 17, with 
all the early 
records. 



1837 Col. Richard 
Gentry killed in 
Florida during the 
Seminole War, 
on December i . 



32 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




FKUIT EXPEjUJIEA T STATIOX, MOUMTAIX GROVE. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1838 The contest 
as to the state 
line between 
Missouri and 
Iowa began. 



1838 Mormons 
expelled from 
Missouri. 



1838 Ex-Governor 
William Clarke 
died. 



1839 State Univer- 
sity established at 
Columbia. 



1839 Heavy immi- 
gration into Mis- 
souri, estimated 
at 50,000. 



I 840 Thomas 
Reynolds elected 
governor. 



Legislature passed a more stringent registration law and reduced the democrats 
to a helpless minority. The more moderate republicans, B. Gratz Brown, Blair, 
and Carl Schurz, were opposed to any such wholesale disfranchisement. The 
attempt to extort the oath from professional men occasioned much petty perse- 
cution and popular reaction against the radicals. A large number of the re- 
publicans were quite out of sympathy with the dominant faction in their party, 
and organized a movement for the repeal of the obnoxious suffrage clauses in 
the Constitution. The first proposed amendment, however, was to extend the 
right of suffrage to the negro. It was defeated. The negro received his right 
to vote from the Fifteenth Amendment, adopted in Missouri in 1870. 

In the State election of 1870, the republican party split on the question of 
the repeal of the "Iron Clad Oath." Both factions nominated candidates for 
Governor. The democrats refused to place a ticket in the field, and threw their 
sLrength to B. Gratz Brown, liberal republican. He was elected and a majority 
of the Legislature were opposed to the radical programme. At the same elec- 
tion the oath of loyalty for voters was abolished by Constitutional amendment 
and all the citizens once more possessed the right to register their will at the 
polls. During the next few years, the new democracy, loyal to the Union, stead- 
ily gained ground and attracted the moderate republicans. A coalition of the 
two divided the State ticket between them in 1872; Horace Greely as an inde- 
pendent candidate opposed to the republican policy of reconstruction, carried 
Missouri in the presidential election. Four years later the democrats had 
gained a supremacy in the State they have been able to maintain ever since. 

Missouri has developed farther and faster in the last quarter of a century 
than in all her previous history. But her achievements belong rather to the 
writer of economic and social history — many of the movements are not yet com- 
plete—so that it seems best to close this brief sketch at this point when the war 
and its results ceased to affect directly the political history of the State. During 
these last years the wealth and material prosperity of the State have increased 
enormously. The march of westward settlement has left her far behind, so that 
she has lost entirely her earlier chai'acter of a frontier State. The genius of 
Eads bridged the Mississippi, and the railroads now cover her territory and join 
her to the Atlantic, the Lakes, the Pacific and the Gulf. She has become the 
center of trade of the new Southwest. Although agriculture is still the solid 
foundation of her prosperity, she is now a great manufacturing State as well. 
Emigrants from the Old World, Illinois, Iowa and Kansas are still seeking homes 
within her borders, and she is herself a colonizing State and has filled Colorado, 
Oklahoma, Texas, Montana, and the Pacific coast with her people. And yet the 
sentiment of every Missourian, and of every student of her history is, that the 
real development of the State has hardly begun. 



m 







t'iJ 


^ ; 




1 


is'' 1 


1 


Vr 


r 









F 




OR an adequate appre- 
ciation of tlie true na- 
ture and significance | 
of political institu- 
tions reference must 
be made to their historical de- 
velopment. The limits of this j 
article do not permit a de- 
tailed discussion of institutional 
growth in Missouri. In another' 
part of this volume the develop- 
ment of Missouri has been 
traced from its position as a 
colonial district under French 
and Spanish rule through the 
several phases of territorial gov- 
ernment to its admission as a 
State into the Union. Missouri has 
had three Constitutions, the first 
adopted in 1820, the second in 
1N(i5, and the present one in 
1875. It is the purpose of this 
article to describe the machin- 
ery of government as it exists 
under the present Constitution. 

The Constitution of 1875 was 
framed by a convention which 
met at Jefferson City, was 
adopted by a vote of the people 
on October 30, 1875, and went 
into effect on November 30, 1875. 
It consists of fifteen Articles, 
dealing with Boundaries, Bill of 
Rights, Distribution of Powers, 



jM-? 







R:r..,Tv.<'i -sTj 



34 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



?42 J. .B. C. • 

Lucas,, a leading 
citizen of St. 
Louis,, died. 



I 843 Senatror Linn 
died, 'smd David 
R. A'tchison was 
appointed to fill 
the vacancy. 



[844 GeVerndV^--.^ 
Reynolds com- 
mitted suicide by 
shooting himself 
in the/fiead, and 
was succeeded by 
Lieut:-Gov. M. 
M. rCl'armaduke. 



I 844 John C. Ed- 
wards elected 



1 844 I'A'-Governc 
Dunklin died 
July 2:;. 



I 844 (Jreat floods 
on tjie Missouri 
and Mississippi 
rivers. 



Legislative Department, Executive Department, Judicial Department, Impeach- 
ments, Suffrage and Elections, Counties, Cities and Towns, Revenue and Taxa- 
tion, Education, Corporations, Militia, Miscellaneous Provisions, and Mode of 
Amending the Constitution. 

Eighteen amendments to the Constitution have been adopted as follows: 
one in 1884, one in 1890, one in 1892, seven in 1900, eight in 1902; five additional 
amendments have been proposed by the present General Assembly and will be 
voted on at the general election in November of this year. These numerous 
amendments are indicative of a desire for a general revision of the Constitution 
which has been strongly urged in recent years. 

The Bill of Rights contains thirty-two sections defining in general those 
rights and immunities in respect to person and property which were gained by 
Englishmen during their long constitutional struggle from Magna Charta to the 
Bill of Rights, and embracing those which were added by Americans during the 
colonial period. They include the right of trial by jury and other privileges re- 
specting civil and criminal procedure and prohibit ex post facto laws, and im- 
prisonment for debt. It is also provided that freedom of speech, press, and re- 
ligion shall exist and "that no money shall ever be taken from the public treas- 
ury, directly or indirectly, in aid of any church, sect or denomination of re- 
ligion." 

-~ In Missouri the grant of the elective franchise is extremely liberal. The 
right to vote is possessed by every male citizen of the United States and every 
male alien who has legally declared his intention to become a citizen of the 
United Stales not less than one year nor more than five years before he offers to 
vote, who is over twenty-one years of age and has resided in the State one year 
and in the county, city or town where he votes at least sixty days, but no member 
"of the military or naval forces of the United States, nor any person kept in any 
public poorhouse, asylum, or prison, nor any one convicted of certain crimes is 
allowed to vote. In 1900, the total number of votes cast for governor was 684,- 
294, or twenty-two per cent of the total population. This is larger than the av- 
erage of other States in the Union, and shows that the people manifest a keen 
interest in the selection of their officials and that parties are well organized. 
These parties have their State and local committees, conventions, primaries, etc. 
Laws exist which are designed to prevent fraud at such primaries and special 
provisions are made for St. Louis and Kansas City. In all cities containing 
25,000 or more inhabitants the law requires the registration of voters but in 
other parts of the State no system of registration is provided. 

The Australian ballot system of voting is provided for all except minor elec- 
tions. All nominations for State offices must be certified by the Secretary of 
State. Aside from this, however, the administration of the election laws is left 
to the local authorities except in St. Louis and Kansas City, each of which 
has a board of election commissioners consisting of three members ap- 
pointed by the Governor. The members of the St. Louis board serve for a term of 
four years and their appointment must be approved by the Senate. One of the 
members must belong to the leading party politically opposed to the Governor. 
The members of the Kansas City board serve for a term of three years, and one 
must be a member of the leading party politically opposed to that to which the 
other two members belong. 

The powers of government in Missouri are divided between the central and 
;ocal governments. In the central government there is further sub-division of 
powers "into three distinct departments — the legislative, the executive and the 
judicial." 

The Legislature, which is styled The General Assembly of the State of Mis- 
souri, consists of two Houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The 
Senate consists of thirty-four members. After each decennial census the State 
is divided into thirty-four districts as nearly equal in population as may be and 
?ach district elects one senator. Senators are chosen for a period of four years, 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



35 




CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS 



but are rlivided into two classes so that only one-half of the total number retire 
every two years. 

Representatives are chosen for a term of two years and the number varies 
with the population. After each decennial census 
a ratio is established by dividing the total popu- 
V lation of the State by 200. The present ratio 

is 15,553. Counties having one ratio of population 
or less are entitled to one representative; those 
having two and a half times said ratio, to two rep- 
resentatives; those having four times said ratio, 
to three representatives; those having six times 
said ratio, to four representatives; and those hav- 
ing more than this number are entitled to one ad- 
ditional representative for every two and a half 
additional ratios. This method of apportionment 
gives a relatively greater representation to the 
smaller counties. Under the census of 1900, the 
apportionment of representatives is as follows: 
St. Louis city, sixteen; Jackson county, six; 
Buchanan county, four; Jasper county, three; 
Greene and St. Louis counties, two each; 
and the remaining one hundred and nine counties, one each, making a 
total of one hundred and forty-two representatives. Counties are divided into 
as many districts as they have representatives and the voters of each district 
elect one representative. If, however, a county is entitled to more than ten rep- 



MlSSOURI 

Chronology 



A- 

-1 r* 



'^ 5 



1845 State line 
troubles between 
Iowa and Mis- 
souri cause blood- 
shed. 



ODAWAY COUNTY COURT 
[OUSE, MARYVII.LE. 



1845 Constitution- 
al Convention 
met at Jefferson 
Citv. 



36 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



29-30 




Missouri 
Chronology 



1846 Regiments 
for the Mexican 
War raised in 
Missouri, com- 
manded by Cols. 
A. W. Doniphan 
and Sterling 
Price. 

1 846 New Consti- 
tution rejected by 
popular vote. 

1848 Austin A. 
King elected 
governor. 

1848 State bound- 
ary contest be- 
tween Iowa and 
Missouri settled 
by the U. S. 
Supreme Court 
in favor of Iowa. 



resentatives each district must be given not less than two nor more than four 
representatives. This applies at present only to the city of St. Louis, which has 
six districts, four of which are each entitled to three representatives, while 
the other two each elect two representatives. 

No person is eligible as senator until he is thirty years of age and has been 
a qualified voter for three years; nor as representative until he is twenty-four 
years of age and has been a qualified voter for two years; nor to either position 
unless he is a male citizen of the United States, has been a resident of the dis- 
trict from which he may be chosen for one year next preceding his election and 
has paid a State and county tax within said period. Senators and representa- 
tives receive an allowance for traveling expenses and $30 for stationery. They 
are also entitled to a compensation of $5 a day for the first 70 days of the session 
and after that to $1 a day for the remainder of the session. The statutes of the 
State are revised once in every ten years and at the session in which such revis- 
ion is made, the period during which members of the Assembly may receive the 
full compensation of $5 is 120 days. 

The General Assembly meets at the State capitol at Jefferson City. A reg- 
ular session is held once in every two years and begins on the first Wednesday 
after the first day of January. No limit is fixed to the length of the session but 
the reduction of the compensation of members after 70 days of an ordinary ses- 
sion and 120 days of a revising session tends to limit the session to those periods. 
Thus the session of the Fortieth General Assembly, which was a revising ses- 
sion, continued 139 days and the present General Assembly was in session 76 
days. The Governor, on extraordinary occasions, may convene the General As- 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



37 




rulUJ.A.MJ i'l.ACE, A.N hXC LUSIVE KESIDE>'CE DISTRICT, ST. LOUIS. 

sembly for a consideration of such special matters as he shall submit to them. 
The provisions for reducing the compensation after a certain period do not apply 
to extra sessions. The sessions of each house are generally public, but if neces- 
sary, they may be held with closed doors. 

Each house appoints its own officers, except that in the Senate the position 
of President devolves upon the Lieutenant-Governor by virtue of his office. The 
presiding officer in each house appoints the committees to which all bills must be 
referred and which exercise a great influence upon the course and character of 
legislation. 

In the ordinary course of legislation a bill must be read on three different 
days in each house, be passed by a majority of the members of each house and be 
approved by the Governor. If the Governor disapproves of the measure, it must 
be returned to the house in which it originated and in order to become a law, it 
must be agreed to by two-thirds of all the members of each house. The general 
appropriation act takes effect from the date of its enactment, but other acts 
do not go into force until ninety days after the adjournment of the session, 
unless in case of an emergency, the General Assembly shall, by a vote of two- 
thirds of the members of each house, otherwise direct. 

The General Assembly has complete power of legislation except where it has 
been limited by the Constitution. The Constitution of 1820 contained few re- 
strictions upon the legislature though these were increased by the adoption of 
amendments to the Constitution. The tendency has been to increase the limita- 
tions upon legislative power and in the Constitution of 1875 they have become 
quite numerous and extensive. In general, the restrictions are placed upon the 
financial powers of the General Assembly and upon its power to pass local and 
special acts with reference to a large number of matters. 

In addition to legislative powers the House of Representatives has the power 
of impeachment in the case of the principal State officers, including judges, who 
are charged with high crimes and misdemeanors or with misconduct, habits of 
drunkenness or oppression in office. All impeachments are tried by the Senate. 
Conviction requires the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators present. Judg- 
ment can extend no further than removal from office and disqualification to hold 
any other office under the State. The person impeached, however, is liable to 
prosecution and punishment by the ordinary courts, according to law. 

The Executive Department includes those officials who supervise the exe- 
cution of the laws and administer the affairs of the commonwealth. The Con- 
stitution provides that it shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Sec- 
retary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, Attorney-General, and Superin- 
tendent of Public Schools, all of whom are elected by the people for terms of 
four years and are eligible to re-election except the Governor and State Treas- 
urer, who can not be re-elected as their own successors. The Governor must be 
at least thirty-five years old and must have been a citizen of the United States 
ten years and a resident of Missouri seven years next before his election. He 



Missouri 
Chronology 



?49 Fire at St. 
Louis in May 
destroyed over 
400 buildings, 
causing a loss of 
over three 
millions. 



1849 Cholera was 
very fatal this 
summer, over 
4,000 people 
dying in St. Louis. 



1850 Benton and 
anti-Benton con- 
test over the 
State attracted 
great attention, 
Benton losing. 



I 85 I Henry S. 
Geyer, Whig, 
elected Senator 
by a coalition of 
Whigs and anti- 
Benton Demo- 
crats. 



1852 Sterling Price 
elected governor. 



38 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1853 The Hanni- 
bal and St. Joseph 
and St. Louis and 
Pacific railroads 
under construc- 
tion. 



1855 Lieut. -Gov. 
Wilson Brown 
died at Cape 
Girardeau, 
August 27. 



1855 The Gascon- 
ade river bridge 
on the Missouri 
Pacific railroad 
collapsed under a 
heavy excursion 
train on Novem- 
ber I, and some 
30 people were 
killed and over 
70 injured. 



1856 TrustenPolk 
elected governor. 



1857 Gov. Polk 
elected to the U. 
S. Senate and 
succeeded by 
Lieut. -Gov. 
Hancock Jack- 
son. 




INDUSTRIAL HOME FOB GIRLS, CHILLICOTHE. 



receives an annual salary of $5,000 and the use of a furnished residence at the 
capital. The Lieutenant-Governor must possess the same qualifications as the 
Governor. He receives an annual salary of $1,000 and $7 additional per day 

during the session of 
the Senate. No person 
is eligible to any of the 
other executive offices 
indicated above unless 
he is a male citizen of 
the United States, at 
least twenty-five years 
old, and has been a res- 
ident of the State at 
least five years next 
before his election. 
Kach of such officials receives an annual salary of $3,000. In addition to these 
officials the statutes provide for a large number of officers, boards, and com- 
missions, all of whom are appointive officials or hold their positions ex officio 
except the three railroad and warehouse commissioners, who are elected by 
the people. 

The chief executive power is vested in the Governor. It is the Governor's 
duty to see that the laws are faithfully executed. He is commander-in-chief 
of the militia and may call out the same to execute the laws. He has the 
power to grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons for all offenses except 
treason and cases of impeachment. He appoints a large number of officials, in 
some cases with the consent of the Senate, and fills all offices which become 
vacant unless other provision is made by law. He also has a limited power of 
removal. 

In addition to his executive powers, the Governor has considerable influ- 
ence upon legislation. As has been indicated above, he can call the Legislature 
in extraordinary session. He gives the General Assembly information relative 
to the condition and needs of the State, and recommends such measures as he 
deems expedient. He possesses the veto power which includes the right to veto 
specific items in appropriation bills. 

In case of death, impeachment or conviction, failure to qualify, resignation, 
absence from the State, or other disability of the Governor, the powers, duties 
and emoluments of the office devolve upon the Lieutenant-Governor until the 
disability is removed or the term expires. He is also, ex officio, president of the 
Senate. In case the Lieutenant-Governor is under any disability, the president 
pro tempore of the Senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives suc- 
ceed in regular order to the office of Governor. 

Missouri differs from the national government in the method of organizing 
the administrative activities. Instead of grouping all such matters under a few 
executive departments the plan has been followed in many cases of organizing 
a separate and practically independent division for each individual field of 
activity. An official or board, either elective or appointive, is placed at the 
head of each division, and as a rule is not responsible to any superior authority 
for the character of the administration. In considering this administrative 
organization, however, it will be of advantage to group these divisions according 
to their nature under certain general heads. 

The Treasury Department is administered by the State Auditor, State 
Treasurer, and Board of Fund Commissioners. The State Auditor has general 
supervision over the financial operations of the State; he keeps the public ac- 
counts, audits the accounts of county collectors and other holders of public 
money, enforces the payment of all amounts due the State, audits all claims 
against the State and grants all warrants or payment of money out of the State 
Treasury, save in exceptional cases where the law may make other provision. 
He makes a report to each General Assembly, setting forth the financial opera- 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



39 




STATE GEOLOCICAL SUltVEY, SCHOOL OF 
MINES, KOLLA. 



tions for the preceding two years and estimates of revenue and expenditui'es for 
the ensuing biennial period, with such recommendations as he may deem expe- 
dient. He gives a bond of $50,000. 

The State Treasurer receives and keeps the moneys of the State and dis- 
burses the same upon warrants drawn upon the treasury. He is required to 
give a bond of $500,000. 

The Board of Fund Commissioners consists of the Governor, State Auditor, 
State Treasurer, and Attorney-General, the first two being president and secre- 
tary respectively. The board has supervisory control over the treasury de- 
partment and administers the public debt. 
During the years 1851-1857, Missouri 
incurred a debt of $23,701,000 for the pur- 
pose of aiding the construction of rail- 
roads in the State. It was expected that 
this debt would be liquidated by the rail- 
road companies, but all of them with the 
exception of the Hannibal and St. Joseph 
Railroad Co. defaulted in the payment of 
interest and principal. This was largely 
due to the breaking out of the Civil War, 
though some of the roads defaulted in the 
payment of interest as early as 1859. By 
1865 military expenses and unpaid inter- 
est had increased the debt of the State to 
more than $36,000,000. During the next 
four years this debt was reduced by more 
than $14,000,000, this amount being ob- 
tained chiefly through the sale of stock of 
the State in the bank of the State of Mis- 
souri, from payments for railroads sold 
by the State and from reimbursements by the United States government for war 
expenditures. In 1869 the bonded debt amounted to $21,675,000. It was re- 
duced to $16,518,000 in 1883, to $9,711,000 in 1893, and it was entirely extin- 
guished in 1903. 

There still exist, however. State certificates of indebtedness amounting to 
$4,398,839.42. These were issued in exchange for money and securities which 
were taken from the State public schools and seminary (University of Mia- 
Fouri) funds and applied to the reduction of the bonded debt of the State. The 
certificates of indebtedness are non-negotiable and are intended to be a perma- 
nent obligation upon the State. They bear interest at the rate of five or six 
per cent per annum, and represent a large part of the public school endowment 
and the entire interest bearing endowment of the University of Missouri. The 
amount of certificates held to the credit of each fund and the annual income 
received therefrom are: 

Amount. Annual Int. 

Public School Fund $3,159,000 00 $187,040 00 

Seminary Fund 1,239,839 42 63,211 96 

The total bonded indebtedness of counties and townships on July 1, 1902, 
was $8,066,878. The total bonded indebtedness of cities and towns on the same 
date was $31,193,870. The bonded indetbedness of the city of St. Louis repre- 
sents nearly four-fifths of the latter figure. 

The liberality of the State in loaning its credit for the promotion of railroads, 
contributed in large measure to the development of the magnificent system of 
railroads in Missouri, and thereby to the increase of the wealth of the State. 
The fact, however, that the State treasury never received any direct compen- 
sation for the greater part of the loan led to distrust on the part of the people 
and this is manifested in the present Constitution by the existence of stringent 
restrictions upon the power of incurring indebtedness. The General Assembly 
is forbidden to give or pledge the credit of the State in aid of any individual 



Missouri . 
Chron()lo(;v 



1857 Robert M. 
Stewart elected 
governor. 



858 Serious 
troubles between 
Western Mis- 
souri anid Kan- 
sas. 



1859 Southwestern 
E.xpedition sent 

- out by Go\-^rnor 
Stewart. 



i^8_6o Claiborne F. 
Jackson elected 
governor. 



40 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



I 86 1 Convention 
to which was 
given control of 
all relations be- 
tween the States 
assembled Febru- 
ary 28. 



1 861 Camp Jack- 
son at St. Louis 
captured by Gen- 
eral Lyon on 
May 10. 



1 861 Governor 
Jackson called 
for 50,000 mili- 
tia on June 12. 



or corporation. The only case in which any one is permitted to incur a debt on 
behalf of the State is on the occurring of an unforeseen emergency or casual 
deficiency of the revenue, when, upon the recommendation of the Governor, 
the General Assembly may incur a debt not to exceed $250,000 in any one year, 
and provision must be made for its repayment in not more than two years. 
in all other cases the proposition for the debt must be submitted to the qualified 
voters and ratified by a two-thirds majority. Similar provisions limit the debt- 
creating power of counties, cities, and other local subdivisions of the State. 

The general property tax is the chief source of revenue. All property, 
real or personal, with limited exemptions for religious, educational, and charit- 
able purposes is subject to direct taxation for State, county, city and other 
local purposes. Property is assessed for taxation by assessors elected in each 
county or in each township in counties having township organization. A county 
Board of Equalization consisting of the county judges, surveyor, and assessor, 
reviews and equalizes valuations within the county and assesses any property 
that may have been omitted from the assessor's books. In St. Louis city the 
assessment is made by the Board of Assessors, consisting of a President elected 
by the voters of the city and of one assessor appointed by the mayor, with the 
consent of the council, for each assessment district into which the city is 
divided. The Board of Equalization of the city of St. Louis consists of the 
President of the Board of Assessors and four real estate owners, resident in 
the city at least ten years, who are appointed by the circuit judges of St. 
Louis The State Board of Equalization, consisting of the Governor, State audi- 
tor, State treasurei-, secretary of State, and attorney-general, adjusts and 
equalizes valuations among the several counties of the State. In addition such 
Board assesses the property of railroad, bridge, telegraph, and telephone com- 
panies. The law requires that property shall be assessed at its cash value, but 
it is well known that it is assessed at much less. Under the system of valua- 
tion by local assessors great lack of uniformity exists with respect to the pro- 
portion of actual cash value which is taken as the basis of assessed value. 

Statistics collected by 
the State Revenue Commis- 
sion in 1902, show that 
this varies all the way 
from thirty per cent to 
one hundred per cent, with 
a probable average of from 
forty per cent to fifty per 
cent. 

Missouri is distin- 
guished on account of the 
stringent restrictions 
which the Constitution 
places upon the rate of 
taxation. It is provided 
that the State tax upon 
property, exclusive of the 
tax necessary to pay the 
debt of the State, shall not 
exceed fifteen cents on 
each one hundred dollars 
valuation. Restrictions also 
exist upon the rates for 
local purposes. These 
provisions are likewise 
due to the feeling of dis- 




l.N TIIK S( UOOI. FOU TIIK ULl.M), ST. LOUIS. 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



41 



trust engendered by the era of public aid to railroads during which period pub- 
lic debt and taxation were greatly increased. These conditions, however, can not 
be repeated, and there is a growing feeling that the present limitations are 
too restrictive to enable the State and its local subdivisions to provide ade- 
quately for their legitimate needs. The following tabular exhibit shows the 
assessed valuation of real and personal property and railroad, bridge, tele- 
graph, and telephone property, and the rate of taxation for State purposes 
for the years 1872, 1882, 1892, 1902 and 1903: 



Missouri 
Chronology 



i8 



1872 
1882 
1892 
1902 
1903 



ASSESSED VALUATION 
OF REAL AND PERSON- 
AL PROPERTY 

.$ 572,293,377 
. 015,260,539 
. 853,754,205 
. 1,052,716,812 
. 1,117,170,229 



ASSESSED VALUATION 
OF RAILROAD, BRIDGE, 
TELEGRAPH AND TEL- 
EPHONE PROPERTY 

$ 20,867,895 | 

35,626,524 

63,884,057 
120,869,198 
125,427,191 



TOTAL ASSESSED 
VALUE 

593,161,272 

650,887,563 

917.638,262 

1,173,586,010 

1,242,594,420 



RATE OF TAXATION 
FOR STATE PUR- 
POSES ON EACH 
$IOO VALUATION 

45 cents 
40 cents 
25 cents 
25 cents 
18 cents 



6 1 Federal 
troops occupied 
JetTerson City on 
June 15. 



This does not include the assessed valuation of merchants and manufac- 
turers' stock and machinery which for 1903 amounted to $85,367,817, making 
the total assessed valua- 



1861 The battle of 
Boonville, the 
first on Missouri 
soil, on June 17. 



tion of the taxable wealth 
of Missouri for 1903, $1,- 
327,962,237. It will be 
noted that while the total 
assessed valuation has 
largely increased the tax 
rate has steadily decreased 
so that the total amount 
of taxes collected from 
this source in 1903 is lit- 
tle if any larger than that received 
in 1872. 

For 1904, the tax levy for State 
purposes is 17 cents on each one hun- 
dred dollars valuation, of which 2 
cents provides for the payment of in- 
terest on the State public school and 
seminary certificates of indebtedness. 
The constitution provides that at 




STATE HOSPITAL FOR INSANE, NUMBER FOUR, FARMIXGTON. 



least twenty-five per cent of the gen- 
eral revenue of the State shall be applied to the support of public schools. As 
a matter of fact the General Assembly regularly appropriates thirty-three and 
one-third per cent for such purposes, leaving only 10 cents on each one hun- 
dred dollars valuation as the rate for general State purposes. 

A collector elected in each county or in each township in counties having 
township 01-ganization, collects the general property tax and pays into the State 
treasury the amount of State taxes collected. 

In addition to the general property tax the State levies a number of special 
taxes and fees of which the most productive are those on beer, dramshop 
licenses, collateral inheritances, foreign insurance companies, and incorporation 
of companies. The accompanying tables of the receipts into and the disburse- 
ments from the State treasury during the biennial period ending December 31, 
1902, show the amounts received from the different taxes, etc., and the general 
purposes for which expenditures were made. 



I 86 1 The battle of 
Cole Camp on 
June 18. 



1861 The battle of 
Carthage on 
July 5. 



42 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



iir nr p^ 



^i^f^v--' 



STATE HOSPITAL FOR INSAXE, NUMBER TWO, ST. JOSEm. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



^6 1 The'Con- 
vention declared 
all State offices 
vacant, and 
chose Hamilton 
R. Gamble pro- 
visional governor 
on July 30. 



^61 Battle of 
Wilson's Creek, 
August 10. 



I 861 Lexington 
surrendered by 
Col. Mulligan to 
General Price, 
September 21. 



?6i Battle of 
Springfield, Sep- 
tember 25. 



1861 Battle of 
Belmont, No- 
vember 7. 



RECEIPTS 




EXPENDITURES 


General Property Tax $5 


,672,164.11 


Public Debt, Principal $1 


,400,012.05 


License Taxes (Chiefly on 




Public Debt, Interest 


92,747.20 


Dramshops ) 


858,042. 15 


Legislative Department 


173,889.16 


Beer Inspection 


770,613.78 


Judiciary 


383,403.27 


Collateral Inheritance Tax 


443,139-12 


General Administrative De- 




Incorporation Tax 


334>475-oo 


partments 


310,620.34 


Tax on Foreign Insurance 




Agriculture, Commerce and 




Companies 


312,298.97 


Industry 


326,396. 1 1 


Earnings of Penitentiary 


500,051.26 


Assessing and Collecting 




Income of Eleemosynary 




Revenue 


371,717.50 


Institutions 


987,663.52 


Militia 


44,962.67 


Fees of State Officers 


152,127.12 


Printing and Publishing 


132,444.62 


Excise Commissioner's Fees 


51,278.20 


Criminal Costs 


617,801.07 


Interest on Deposits 


76,162.30 


Penitentiary 


498,507,36 


Miscellaneous 


80,568.28 


Eleemosynary Institutions i 


,911,856.78 






Public Schools 2 


,275,326.26 






Total $10 


,238,583.81 


State University 


602,763.84 






Normal Schools 


207,057.37 






Miscellaneous 


24,096.00 


Total $9 


,373,601.60 



It will be noted that the most considerable item of expenditure is for pub- 
lic education. In addition to this sum, however, public schools derive revenue 
from county, township and district school funds, aggregating $8,396,434, and 
from taxes levied in the several school districts. 

Some of the special taxes are collected by the county and township collec- 
tors, but beer inspection fees are collected by the beer inspector, and taxes on 
foreign insurance companies and incorporation fees are paid directly into the 
State treasury. The granting of dramshop licenses is under the control of 
local authorities except in St. Louis, where there is an Excise Commissioner 
appointed by and holding office during the pleasure of the Governor. He has 
authority to charge fees, aggregating $9 semi-annually for each license issued. 
He retains forty per cent of the total fees collected for his compensation and 
the expenses of his office, the balance being paid into the State treasury. The 
State tax on dramshop licenses is collected by the city collector in St. Louis and 
by county or township collectors in the counties. 

The Secretary of State is the custodian of the seal of the State and of all 
public records and actions of the General Assembly; he countersigns official 
acts of the Governor and preserves a register of the same; he superintends the 
printing and distribution of the laws and of the journals of the General Assem- 
bly and of the Official Manual of the State; he issues certificates of incorpora- 
tion and registers trade-marks. All certificates of nomination of candidates 
for State offices must be filed in his office and he certifies the same to the author- 
ities of the several counties of the State; he performs the duty of registrar 
of lands and has charge of the examination of State banks and trust companies. 

The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and prosecuting attorney 
of the State. It is his duty to give his opinion whenever requested upon ques- 
tions of law to the General Assembly, principal executive officers and to the 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



43 




STATE HOSPITAL FOR INSANE. NUMBER ONE, FULTON. 



prosecuting attorneys of the counties. He is required to appear in the Supreme 
Court to prosecute or defend all cases to which the State is a party. He is 
empowered to institute and prosecute in the name of the State all legal pro- 
ceedings necessary to protect its rights and to enforce its claims against all 
persons and when directed by the Governor he is required to aid any prosecuting 
attorney in the discharge of his duties. 

A prosecuting attorney is elected in each county of the State for a period 
of two years, to represent the State in his county and in all criminal cases in 
the courts of appeals. He is also the legal adviser and prosecuting attorney of 
his county. In the city of St. Louis the term is four years and a circuit attorney 
is also elected for the same period, the functions of the prosecuting attorney 
being restricted to the court of criminal cori'ection whose jurisdiction is lim- 
ited to misdemeanors. 

A sheriff elected in each county, a constable elected in each township and 
police officers elected in small towns and appointed in larger cities are the 
administrative officers of the courts in their respective jurisdictions. The ap- 
pointment and control of police officers is in charge of the city authorities except 
in St. Louis, Kansas City, and St. Joseph, each of which has a Board of Police 
Commissioners appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate. The 
St. Louis Board consists of the mayor, ex officio, and four commissioners 
appointed for terms of four years. In Kansas City the Board consists of the 
mayor, ex officio, and two commissioners appointed for terms of three years. 
In St. Joseph there are three commissioners serving for terms of three years. 

The Adjutant-General is the chief administrative officer of the National 
Guard of Missouri. He is appointed by and holds office during the pleasure of 
the Governor who is commander-in-chief. The National Guard of Missouri is 
at present organized in one brigade consisting of four regiments, one battalion, 
and two unattached companies of infantry and one battery of artillery. The 
battalion of cadets of the Missouri Military School, a department of the Uni- 
versity of Missouri, is also a part of the National Guard of the State. 



CARNEGIE 

LIBRARY, 

.TOPLIN. 




Missouri 
Chronology 



I 86 1 Warsaw 
burned, Novem- 
ber 22. 



36 1 Battle at 
Salem, Decem- 
ber 3. 



861 Battles at 
Shawnee 
Mound and Mil- 
ford, December 
18. 



I 861 Ordinance 
of secession passed 
at Neosho bv a 
minority gather- 
ing of the legis- 
lature. 



1862 Execution of 
eight men at Pal- 
myra by General 
McNeil in Feb- 
ruary. 



1862 Battle at 
Kirksville, 
August 6. 



44 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



562 Battle of 
Lone Jack, 
August 15. 



The State Superintendent of Public Scliools has the duty of promoting the 
efficiency of the public school system of the State. He exercises supervision 
over the educational funds; has authority to grant teachers' certificates; he is 
required to spend annually at least five days in each congressional district, 
conferring with and advising the local boards of education and other school 
authorities. He makes an annual report of the condition of education in the 
State. 

The State Board of Education consists of 

the Governor, Secretary ^ --.^^ of State, Attorney- 

General and the Sup y^ ^\ erintendent of Pub- 

lic schools. The / \ board is required 

to exercise gen / \ era! supervision 

over the en- 
t i r e educa- 
tional interests 
of the State. 

A State Li- 
brary Board, 
consisting of 
the State Su- 
perintendent of 
Public Schools, 




TRAINliNG SCHOOL FOB BOYS, BOOA'VILLE. 



1862 Battle of 
Nevvtonia in Sep- 
tember. 



1863 Battle of 
Springfield. 



1863 Emancipation 
Ordinance passed. 



1863 John B. 
Henderson and 
B. Gratz Brown 
elected United 
States Senators. 



ex officio, and four members appointed by the State Board of Education for 
terms of four years, recommends lists of books for school libraries and fixes by 
contract with publishers a stipulated piice at which such books shall be fur- 
nished to school district boards of education. 

The University of Missouri is the State institution of higher education. 
Its government is vested in a board of nine curators appointed by the Governor 
with the consent of the Senate for terms of six years each. It embraces the 
following departments: graduate, academic, education, law, medical, military, 
agriculture, engineering, experiment station — all located at Columbia, and the 
school of mines and metallurgy located at Rolla. 

In addition to the Department of Education or Teachers College of the Uni- 
versity of Missouri, normal instruction is provided for by three State Normal 
Schools, located at Kirksville, Warrensburg, and Cape Girardeau respectively. 
Lincoln Institute at Jefferson City is a State institution for the normal, industrial 
and collegiate instruction of colored students. The government of each of these 
institutions is vested in a board of seven regents, six of whom are appointed 
by the Governor with the consent of the Senate for terms of six years, the 
sevenlii being the State Superintendent of Public Schools, ex officio. 

A Bureau of Geology and Mines is located at the School of Mines at Rolla. 
Its government is vested in a board of managers, consisting of the Governor, 
ex officio, and four members appointed by him with the consent of the Senate 
for terms of four years. The board appoints the State Geologist and superin- 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



45 




AT THE MISSOURI STATE FAIR, SEDALIA 

AGRICULTURAL. HORTICULTURAL, SHEEP, SWINE AND POULTRY BUILDINGS. 



tends the geological survey of the State. 

The State Historical Society of Missouri is located at the University of 
Missouri at Columbia. Its duty is to collect and preserve material pertaining 
to the history of the State and to conduct a library of historical reference. It 
is a trustee of and holds all of its property for the State. Its government is 
vested in an executive committee, consisting of the Governor, Secretary of State, 
President of the State University, president and secretary of the society, ex of- 
ficio, and twenty-six trustees elected by the society. 

The State Library is located at the State Capital. It is chiefly a library of 
legal reference and is under the supervision of the Supreme Court, which 
appoints a librarian who holds office during its pleasure. 

The Missouri State Board of Agriculture consists of the Governor, Dean of 
the College of Agriculture of the University of Missouri, and the Superin- 
tendent of Public Schools, ex officio, and of one member from each congres- 
sional district appointed by the Governor for a term of three years. It has 
supervision over the agricultural interests of the State and is charged in partic- 
ular with the enforcement of the laws regulating the sale of imitation butter 
and skim-milk cheese. The board appoints a salaried secretary whose office 
is located at the College of Agriculture of the University of Missouri. A State 
Veterinary Surgeon is appointed by the board of agriculture. He investigates 
dangerous, infectious diseases among live stock, and takes measures to eradicate 
the same. His office is also at the College of Agriculture. The State Board of 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1864 Price's Raid 
through Mis- 
souri. 



1S64 Battle of 
Pilot Knob. 



I 864 Massacre of 
Union soldiers at 
Centralia by 
guerrillas. 



46 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




COLONY FOR FKEBLE MINDED, MARSHALL. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1864 Thomas C. 
Fletcher elected 



?6i; Constitution- 
al Convention 
held in St. Louis. 



1865 Agricultural 
Department of 
the State Univer- 
sity established. 



[867 Charles D. 
Drake elected 
U. S. Senator. 



i6j Asiatic chol- 
era prevailed 
along the Mis- 
souri river. 



867 Missouri 
Press Association 
organized May 
17, at St. Louis. 



Agriculture is, ex officio, Board of Directors of the State Fair, which is held 
annually at Sedalia. 

The Missouri Slate Horticultural Society and the Missouri State Poultry 
Association are organized for the purpose of promoting the advancement of the 
interests of the State in their respective fields. The affairs of each organization 
are administered by an executive board consisting of the Governor, ex officio, 
and of the president, vice-president, second vice-president, secretary and treas- 
urer, elected by the members of each organization. 

A Fruit Experiment Station is located at Mountain Grove. Its government 
is vested in a board of three trustees appointed by the Governor with the con- 
sent of the Senate for terms of six years. The Agricultural Experiment Station, 
located at Columbia, is a part of the College of Agriculture of the University of 
Missouri. 

The Fish Commission of Missouri consists of five members appointed by the 
Governor for terms of four years. It is their duty to take measures for stock- 
ing the waters of the State with edible fish. A Game and Fish Warden is ap- 
pointed by the Governor for a term of two years and is charged with the enforce- 
ment of the game and fish laws of the State. 

The Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners consists of three 
members elected for terms of six years. They are charged with the administra- 
tion of the laws regulating railroads and public warehouses. The board appoints 
a chief inspector of grain. 

A Beer Inspector is appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Sen- 
ate for a term of four years. It is his duty to inspect all beer manufactured 
or sold in the State and to determine whether the materials from which it has 
been brewed are such as are authorized by law. A fee is charged of one cent for 
each gallon, and two cents additional for each package inspected, the revenue, 
which amounts to a considerable sum, going into the State treasury. 

Inspectors of Petroleum are appointed by the Governor for St. Louis, Kan- 
sas City, St. Joseph, Hannibal and for such other cities and townships as have 
petitioned therefor. The term of office is two years. The inspector retains the 
fees collected for such inspection except in St. Louis where he is required to 
pay annually into the State treasury all fees collected over the sum of $7,000 
which he is allowed to retain for his compensation and for the expenses of his 
office. 

The inspection of commercial fertilizers and the enforcement of the laws 
governing the same are placed under the charge of the Agricultural Experiment 
Station at Columbia. Inspection of imitation butter and skim-milk cheese 
is under the supervision of the Board of Agriculture. Inspection of bakeries is 
under the charge of the labor commissioner. 

The Bureau of Labor Statistics and Inspection of Factories, Mines and 
Workshops is under the charge of a commissioner of labor and inspection ap- 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



47 



pointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate for the term of two 
years. It is his duty, in addition to collecting and reporting respecting the 
condition of labor and industries of the State to inspect all manufacturing estab- 
lishments and enforce the laws relating thereto, and to organize and maintain 
in each city containing more than 100,000 inhabitants a free public employment 
bureau. A Factory Inspector is appointed by the Governor with the consent of 
the Senate for a term of four years. It is his duty to secure the inspection of 
factories and to enforce all the laws relating to the same. 

The Bureau of Mines, Mining and Mining Inspection is under the charge 
of three mine inspectors appointed by the Governor. It is their duty to see 
to the enforcement of the laws enacted for the health and safety of men in 
the mines, and to report statistics of the mines of the State. The State Board 
of Coal Mining consists of three members appointed by the Governor for terms 
of two years. It is the duty of the board to examine and pass upon the qualifi- 
cations of persons seeking certificates of competency as mine managers, fore- 
men, engineers, etc. 

The State Board of Mediation and Arbitration consists of three members 
appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate for terms of three 
years. It is the duty of the board to effect settlements by mediation or arbitra- 
tion of all controvei'sies between an employer and ten or more employees. 

The State Board of Health consists of seven members appointed by the 
Governor with the consent of the Senate for terms of four years. The board 
has general supervision over the health and sanitary interests of the State, and 
may quarantine infected districts. It conducts examinations for all persons 
desiring to practice medicine, surgery or mid-wifery and issues licenses to such 
as possess the requisite qualifications. Other boards for the examination, licens- 
ing and registration of persons practicing professions or engaged in occupa- 
tions, are the Board of Osteopathic Registration and Examination, the State 
Board of Dental Examination, the State Board of Embalming, State Board of 
Pharmacy and State Board of Examiners for Barbers. The first three boards 
consist each of five members appointed by the Governor for terms of five years; 
the latter two boards consist each of three members appointed by the Governor 
for terms of three years, the 
consent of the Senate be- 
ing necessary for the ap- 
pointment of members of 
the Board of Pharmacy. 

Persons are licensed 
to practice law by the Su- 
prem_e Court, Courts of 
Appeals, and circuit 
courts, and upon gradua- 
tion from the law depart- 
ment of the University of 
Missouri or from one of 
several other law schoo's 
in St. Louis and Kansas 
City. 

Persons are licensed 
to teach in the public 
schools upon graduation 
from the department of 
education of the Univer- 
sity of Missouri or from 
either of the State Normal 

Schools or after examination by the State Superintendent of Public Schools 
or the County Commissioner of Schools. 

The State Board of Charities and Corrections consists of the Governor. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1868 Joseph W. 
McClurg elected 
governor. 



1868 Monument 
to Thomas H. 
Benton unveiled 
in Lafayette 
Park, St. Louis. 



1869 Carl Schurz 
elected U. S. 
Senator. 



1869 Foundation 
ot Eads bridge 
laid at St. Louis. 




CONFEDERATE HOjME. HIGGIXSVILI.E. 



48 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



IP'^ 










4I> 


.:^ 




L 


^ 


r *4 


^^v^ 




S 


> ■ " '' 


■ku* .-.»««■ 


L JB 


■^i^?-! 




i^^W .jl 


--^^- ■ 


- .' ^ >..u,. ■" ■ •'■'; •. 


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m&id 


fcWf 


i^ 


■r^'^TT 


^''--^JH 


- --g— -; .p 



SCHOOL FOK THE DKAF AM) l/lMli. 1 II.TOX. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



1870 B. Gratz 
Brown elected 
governor. 



1870 Ex-Governor 
King died. 



^71 Francis P. 
Blair elected 
senator in place 
of Charles D. 
Drake, resigned. 



1871 Ex-Governor 
R. M. Stewart 
died in St. 
Joseph. 



ex officio, and of six members appoinced by him witii tlie consent of ttie Senate 
for terms of six years. It is cliarged with the investigation of the whole system 
of public charities and correction and the collection and publication of infor- 
mation relating thereto. 

The eleemosynary institutions of the State are the four State hospitals for 
insane persons, located at Fulton, St. Joseph, Nevada and Farmington respec- 
tively; the Missouri Colony for the Feeble Minded and Epileptic at Marshall; 
Missouri School for the Deaf at Fulton; Missouri School for the Blind at St. 
Louis; Confederate Soldiers' Home at Higginsville; Federal Soldiers' Home at 
St. James; the Missouri Training School for Boys at Boonville; and the Indus- 
trial Home for Girls at Chillicothe. The management of each of these institu- 
tions is vested in a board of managers consisting of five members appointed by 
the Governor with the consent of the Senate for terms of four years. 

The State Penitentiary is located at Jefferson City and is under the general 
control of a warden appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate. 
The State Treasurer, State Auditor, and Attorney-Genei-al are ex officio inspec- 
tors of the Penitentiary and are required to visit and examine the same, and 
to enact and enforce rules for its management. 

The Superintendent of the Insurance Department is appointed by the Gov- 
ernor with the consent of the Senate for a term of four years. It is his duty 
to examine the condition of insurance companies, authorize them to transact 
business in the State, and see to the enforcement of laws in relation to in- 
surance. 

The Bureau of Building and Loan Supervision is in charge of a supervisor 
appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate for a term of four 
years. He is charged with the examination of building and loan associations 
and the enforcement of the laws relating to the same. The examination of 
State banks and trust companies is under the charge of the Secretary of State. 

The Commissioners of Public Printing are the Secretary of State, State 
Auditor, and State Treasurer. They let contracts and exercise a supervision 
over the printing and binding for the State. 

The Board of Permanent Seat of Government consists of the Governor, Sec- 
retary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer and Attorney-General. It has 
general supervision and charge of the public property of the State at the Capital. 
The board appoints a commissioner of the permanent seat of government who 
exercises control over the public property under the direction of the board. 

Special boards and commis- 
sioners are created from time to 
time for the administration of 
particular matters of a tempo- 
rary nature. Examples of such 

commissions are the State Tax ^'^^^^HBHH^HHBBiiBJBiri- •• 

Commission and the Board of 

Commissioners for the Louisiana 

Purchase Exposition. a biissouri corx crib. 

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, two Courts of Appeals, 
Circuit Courts, Criminal Courts, Courts of Common Pleas, Probate Courts, Mu- 
nicipal Courts and Justices of the Peace. 




HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



49 



The Supreme Court is 
the highest court of the 
State. It consists of seven 
judges, elected for terms 
of ten years each, the mem- 
bers choosing one of their 
number as Chief Jus- 
tice. The court is di- 
vided into two divis- 





MlSSOURI 

Chronology 







COURTHOUSE, POSTOFFICE, CITY HALL- 
KANSAS CITY. 



ions, one consisting of four judges and the 
other of three. The latter division has exclusive 
jurisdiction over all criminal cases, but in all other cases their jurisdiction is 
concurrent and provision exists for transferring cases to the court as a whole. 
The jurisdiction of the court is chiefly appellate. 

The counties of the State are divided into two districts, over one of which 
jurisdiction is possessed by the St. Louis Court of Appeals, and over the other by 
the Kansas City Court of Appeals. Each court consists of three judges elected 
by the voters of the respective districts for terms of twelve years each. These 
courts were established for the purpose of relieving the Supreme Court, and they 
have exclusive appellate jurisdiction, except in cases where the amount involved 
exceeds $4,500; in cases involving the construction of the Constitution of the 
United States, or of Missouri; in cases where the validity of a treaty or statute 
of an authority exercised under the United States is called in question; in cases 
involving the construc- 
tion of the revenue laws 
of Missouri; in cases in- 
volving the title of any 
office under the State 
or the title of real es- 
tate; in cases where a 
county or other polit- 
ical subdivision of the 
State is a party, and in 
all cases of felony. The 
excepted cases go di- 
rectly from the Circuit 
to the Supreme Court. 
The Supreme Court and 
the courts of appeals 
each appoint a clerk 
and a marshal. jiethooist episcopal church, south, savannah. 




I 872 The Gunn 
City tragedy in 
Cass county. 



1872 Silas Wood- 
son elected gov- 
error. 



^73 Lewis V. 
Bogv elected U. 
S. Senator. 



1874 Charles H. 
Hardin elected 
governor. 



50 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



1875 Centennial 
Historical 
sketches of many 
counties publish- 
ed. 



Missouri The State is divid- 

Chronology ed into thirty-two cir- 

cuits, in each of which 
there is elected a cir- 
cuit judge for a term of 
six years. In a circuit 
composed of a single 
county or city, more 
than one judge may be 
elected, but in such 
event each judge sits 
separately for the trial 
of cases. A t present 
Buchanan and Jasper 
counties elect two, Jack- 
son county five, and St. 
Louis county eleven cir- 
cuit judges. In St. Louis 
eight are judges of the 
civil division, two of the 
criminal and one of the 
juvenile court. A clerk 
of the circuit court is 
elected in each county 
for the term of four 
years. The circuit courts 
have original jurisdic- 
tion over all civil and 
criminal cases not oth- 
erwise provided for and 
appellate jurisdiction 
from inferior tribunals 
except where it is ex- 
pressly prohibited from 
exercising the same. 

A special criminal 
court is provided for 
the 15th judicial circuit 

and for each of the on the gasconade river. 

counties of Buchanan, Photo by Joe L. Douylass, Columbia. 

Greene and Jackson. Each of these courts possesses the criminal jurisdiction 
of circuit courts and is presided over by a judge elected by the voters of the 
circuit or county. 

Courts of common pleas are established at Louisiana, Hannibal, Sturgeon, 
and Cape Girardeau, and are presided over by the judges of the circuits in which 
they are located, except in Cape Girardeau, where a special judge is elected by 
the voters of the county. 

A court of criminal correction exists in the city of St. Louis with jurisdiction 
over misdemeanors. It is presided over by a judge elected for a term of four 
years. 

A probate court exists in every county and in St. Louis City. It is presided 
1876 John S. over by a judge of probate elected by the county or city for a term of four years. 

Phelps elected In some of the cities of the State police courts are established with juris- 

governor. diction over the violation of municipal ordinances. 

Two or more justices of the peace are elected for terms of four years each 
in every township of the State. They are examining magistrates and have juris- 
diction to try misdemeanors. They also have jurisdiction over all actions against 



1875 Francis M. 
Cockrell elected 
U. S. Senator. 




1875 Constitution- 
al Convention 
held in Jefferson 
City. 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



51 



KANSAS CITY 
PUBLIC LTBKARY 




railroad companies to recover damages for live stock killed or injured, and over 
all civil actions where the sum or value of the thing in dispute is limited in 
amount. 

One or more notaries public are appointed by the Governor for a term of 
four years in each county and city of the State. A notary public has authority 
to administer oaths, attest signatures, and to take depositions and acknowledg- 
ment of documents which shall be received as legal evidence. 

The Governor may appoint in any other State or territory of the United 
States, and in any foreign countries, one or more commissioner'-^ to hold office 
during his pleasure, who are authorized to attest signatures and to take acknowl- 
edgments of documents to be used as legal evidence in this State. 

The principle of local self-government is firmly established in Missouri. The 
constitution provides several local subdivisions of the government and citizens 
within the respective areas are permitted to manage their own affairs, through 
their own officials except as regards a few matters that are of general interest 
to the people of the entire State. In many cases, however, as has been indicated 
above, local authorities attend to matters of general concern as well as to those 
of purely local interest. The local units of government are counties, townships, 
cities, towns and villages, and school districts. 

Missouri is divided into 114 counties and one city. The city of St. Louis 
occupies the unique position of being distinct from any county, whereas all 
other cities form parts of the counties in which they are situated. Matters 
which in other cities are attended to by county officials, are provided for in St. 
Louis by officials of the city. 

The chief administrative authority of the county is the county court, con- 
sisting of three judges. The county is divided into two districts, each of which 
elects a county court judge for a term of two years. The voters of the entire 
county elect a presiding judge who serves for four years. 

The other county officers are a judge of probate, clerk of the circuit court, 
recorder of deeds, clerk of the county court, assessor, public administrator, and 
surveyor, each elected for a term of four years, and a prosecuting attorney, 
sheriff, collector, treasurer, coroner, and school commissioner or county school 
superintendent, each elected for a term of two years. Counties having special 



Missouri 
Chronolo3y 



?79 George G. 
Vest elected U. 
S. Senator. 



?8o Thomas T. 
Crittenden elect- 
ed governor. 



52 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



criminal courts and courts of common pleas generally 
elect clerks of such courts. Buchanan county also elects 
a county auditor, 
while Jackson coun- 




MlSSOURI 

Chronology 



1882. Ex-Governor 
Willard P. Hall 
died at St. Joseph. 



1884 John S. 
Marmaduke 
elected governor. 



1887 Governor 
Marmaduke died 
and was succeed- 
ed by Lieut. - 
Governor Albert 
P. Morehouse. 



COURT HOUSE, 
FEDERAL BUILDING, 
GARTH MEMORIAL 
Lir.RARY HANNIBAL. 

ty has a county marshal. The clerk of the circuit 
court is, ex officio, recorder of deeds, but in counties 
having more than 10,000 population the county court 
may separate the offices, and it is required to do so if the assessed valuation of 
property in the county exceeds $15,000,000. Counties having "township organ- 
ization" do not elect a county assessor or county collector. 

There also exists a county board of education, consisting of the county com- 
missioner, one member appointed by the county court and one member appointed 
by the State board of education, who serve for terms of two years. In counties 
having county supervision of schools the county school superintendent possesses 
the functions of the county board of education. 

There are two kinds of townships in Missouri. The "municipal" township 
and the "incorporated" township. The municipal township exists in those coun- 
ties which have not adopted township organization. The county is divided into 
townships by the county court. In each township there are elected at least two 
justices of the peace for terms of four years, and one constable for a term of 
two years. The municipal township has no corporate powers, and is merely an 
area of administration. 

Provision exists for the organization of a county into incorporated town- 
ships, when a majority of voters favor such proposition. Townships so organ- 
ized are granted certain corporate powers. The officers of such townships are a 
trustee who is, ex officio, treasurer; collector, clerk who is, ex officio, assessor; 
constable, two members of the township board of directors, at least two justices 
of the peace, and as many road overseers as there are road districts in the town- 
ship. All of these officers are elected for terms of two years. The principle of 
township organization has not been well received throughout the State, and 
only 17 out of the 114 counties are at present organized in this manner. 

The State is divided into small districts for school purposes. The districts 
are either common school districts or city, town or village districts. The af- 
fairs of the common school districts are managed by a board of education, con- 
sisting of three directors elected, one each year, by the qualified voters at the 
annual meeting held on the first Tuesday in April. At this meeting the voters 
have power to determine various matters applying to schools. 

In the city, town or village districts, the governing authority is a board of 
education, consisting of six directors elected, two each year, for a term of six 
years. A superintendent may be elected by the board to assist it in the school 
administration. Special provisions exist for the organization of school districts 
in cities containing more than 50,000 inhabitants. 

The Slate and county school authorities are expected to promote the inter- 
ests of education in the school districts. A few counties are organized under 
what is known as "county supervision." In such cases the county school super- 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



53 



DOWX BY 
THE DUSKY 
ROADSIDE." 




intendent, who takes the place of 
the county school commissioner, 
has an effective supervisory con- 
trol over the educational ad- 
ministration of the county. 
Under the constitu- 
tions of 1820 and 1865, 
it was the custom of 
the legislature to in- 
corporate cities and 
towns by special acts. 
General laws were en- 
acted for the regulation 
of such incorporations, 
but the localities, as a 
rule, preferred special 
charters. This led to an un- 
due interference by the legis 
lature in local affairs, and the 
constitution of 1875 seeks to pre- 
vent this by providing that the General 
Assembly shall not pass any special law "incorporat- 
ing cities, towns or villages, or changing their charters." The 
General Assembly was permitted, however, to establish classes of cities not ex- 
ceeding four and to enact general laws for the organization of the different 
classes. The legislature has, accordingly, established four classes, the popula- 
tions of the cities being the basis of the division, as follows; first class, 100,000 
inhabitants or more; second class, 30,000 and less than 100,000 inhabitants; 
third class, 3,000 and less than 30,000 inhabitants; fourth class, 500 and less 
than 3,000 inhabitants, and towns with special charters even if they have less 
than 500 inhabitants. In addition a class of villages is provided for, including 
all places with less than 500 population, except those incorporated under special 
charters. 

The organization and powers of each class are different, but each city elects 
a mayor as its chief executive officer, and a legislative body for the enactment 
of local ordinances, etc. This body is known as the municipal assembly in cities 
of the first class, and consists of two chambers, a council and a house of dele- 
gates. In other cities it consists of one chamber only, and is known as the com- 
mon council, in cities of the second class; council, in cities of the third class, and 
board of aldermen in cities of the fourth class. In villages the functions of the 
council and mayor are performed by the board of trustees and its chairman. 
Other administrative officers exist in cities, the number and kind depending 
chiefly upon the population of the city. Some of these are elected and others 
ai'e appointed by the mayor and heads of departments. 

The constitution specially provides that the city of St. Louis or any other 
city having a population of more than 100,000 may frame and adopt a charter 
for its own government. Such charter must be in harmony with the constitu- 
tion and laws of the State. Under the constitution it is necessary that the 
charter shall provide for a chief executive officer and two houses of legislation, 
but this provision so far as it affects St. Louis, has been recently changed by an 
amendment of the constitution, under which the charter could provide for only 
one house of legislation. St. Louis has not yet taken advantage of this pro- 
vision and its municipal assembly consists at present of two chambers. Kansas 
City is the only city besides St. Louis which has framed its own charter under 
the provisions of the constitution, though St. Joseph has sufficient population to 
enable it to do so. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



i88 David R. 
Francis elected 
governor. 



1 89 1 Ex-Governor 
Morehouse com- 
mitted suicide by 
shooting himself 
in the head at his 
home in Marv- 
ville. 



54 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



392 William J. 
Stone elected 
governor. 



It is necessary to note, however, that cities and towns which were incor- 
porated under special charters before 1875, are not obliged to surrender the 
same, and some cities are under such charters to-day. Moreover, cities organ- 
ized under general laws, do 
not necessarily come under a 
new class by reason of the in- 
crease of their population to 
the requisite figure. In all 
cases it is necessary that a 
majority of the voters shall 
declare in favor of such act. 
Thus St. Joseph, which has 
more than 100,000 population, 
is still organized as a city of 
the second class. 

Missouri is entitled to two 
senators and sixteen repre- 
sentatives in Congress. The 
General Assembly has divided the State into sixteen congressional districts, each 
of which elects one representative. St. Louis City contains two congressional 
districts and part of a third, the balance being made up of St. Louis county. 
Jackson county constitutes one congressional district, and the other districts 
are made up of a number of counties. 




CARNEGIE LIBRARY, CARTHAGE. 




JUDICIAI, CIRCUITS BY COUNTIES 



HOW IT IS GOVERNED. 



55 




li-EDERAL SOLDIERS HOME, ST. JAMES, PHELPS COUNTY. 



Missouri is in the Eighth Judicial Circuit of the United States and an 
annual session of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals is held at St. Louis. 
The counties of the State are divided into an Eastern and Western district, for 
each of which a United States district judge is appointed. The Eastern District 
is divided into an Eastern and Northern Division, and the Western District 
into the Western, St. Joseph, Central, Southern, and Southwestern divisions. 
Two sessions of the circuit and district courts are held annually in each 
division. A United States district attorney, assistant district attorney, and a 
United States marshal are appointed for each judicial district, and clerks of 
the circuit and district courts are appointed for the respective divisions. 

A sub-treasury of the United States is located at St. Louis under the charge 
of an assistant treasurer. 

Three customs districts are established in the State, at St. Louis, Kansas 
City, and St. Joseph respectively, each of which is under the charge of a sur- 
veyor of customs. 

Missouri is divided into two internal revenue districts, with headquarters, 
one at St. Louis and the other at Kansas City. A collector of internal revenue 
is appointed for each district and deputy collectors are appointed with offices at 
various ports of the State. 

An assay office is located at St. Louis under the charge of the United States 
Assayor. Custodians of public building and property are appointed for St. 
Louis, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Springfield, Hannibal, Sedalia, and Jefferson 
City. Provision has been made by Congress for public buildings at Joplin, Co- 
lumbia, Moberly, Kirksville, Louisiana, and Nevada. 

The State is divided into three United States land districts, with head- 
quarters at Boonville, Ironton, and Springfield respectively. A register and a 
receiver are appointed for each district. The vacant public lands in Missouri in 
1903, amounted to 422,526 acres. 

Two of the twelve inspectors in charge of the Post-Office Inspection Service 
of the United States have headquarters in Missouri — at St. Louis and Kansas 
City, respectively. One of the six divisions of the rural free delivery service has 
its headquarters at St. Louis, and is under the charge of a division superin- 
tendent. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



895 Pertle Springs 
Democratic Con- 
vention, on 
August 6, made 
free coinage ot 
silver a national 
issue. 



^96 Ex-Governor 
Silas Woodson 
died in St.Joseph. 



1896 Lon V. 
Stephens elected 
governor. 



56 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri 
Chronology 



^99 Convention 
at St. Louii, 
called by Gov. 
Lon V. Stephens 
proposes the 
holding of a 
Louisiana Pur- 
chase World's 
Fair. 



1899 State Histori- 
cal Society ot 
Missouri organ- 
ized at Columbia. 



1900 A M. 

Dockery elected 
governor. 



^fT1 



FEDERAL BUILDIA'G, 
JEFFERSON CITY. 



The Northern Division of the United States Army, embracing the depart- 
ments of tlie Lakes, Missouri and Dal^ota, has its lieadquarters at St. Louis and is 
under tlie command of a major-general. Jefferson Barraclvs, a military reserva- 
tion of the United States, is located near St. Louis. 

The Mississippi River Commission, which has con- 
trol of the improvement of the Mississippi river, has its 
chief office in St. Louis, under the charge of the Secretary 
of the Commission. The Supervising Inspector of the 
Fourth Steamboat Inspection District of the United 
States, has his office in St. Louis. 

Stations of the Weather Bureau are located at St. 
Louis, Kansas City, Columbia, Hannibal, and Springfield, 
and a Fish Culture Station of the United Slates Bureau 
of Fisheries, is located at Neosho. 

The great seal of Missouri consists of a representation of the coat of arms 
of the State. The latter device was adopted by the First General Assembly after 
the admission of Missouri into the Union, and has not been modified since that 
time. The seal is in circular form and is two and a half inches in diameter. 
It consists of a circular shield, divided into two equal parts by a perpendicular 
line; on the right is a grizzly bear of Missouri in a red field, a,bove which is a 
silver crescent in an azure field; on the left, In a white field, are the arms of 
the United States. Around the shield is a circular band on which are the words: 
"UNITED WE STAND, DIVIDED WE FALL." For the crest, over a full-faced 
helmet giated with six golden bars, i.s a silver star, and above it a constellation 
of twenty-three smaller stars, representing respectively, Missouri and the twenty- 
three other States which formed the Union at the time this State was admitted. 

The supporters are a grizzly bear of Missouri on 
each side of the shield standing on a scroll, in- 
scribed with the motto of the State, Sahis Populi 
SupjTina Lex Esto. Under the scroll are the nu- 
meral letters "MDCCCXX," representing the year 
in which the first constitution of the State was 
adopted. Around all is a circular scroll, inscribed 
with the words: "THE GREAT SEAL OF THE 
STATE OF MISSOURI." 

The political institutions of Missouri, which 
had their origin in the results of the experiences 
of the older commonwealths, have been gradually 
developed in accordance with the needs of the peo- 
ple of the State, and serve to-day for the govern- 
ment of a population of nearly 3,500,000. Under 
this government the equality of all persons before 
the law has been established, the personal and 
property rights of every individual have been ren- 
dered secure, educational and charitable institu- 
tions have been promoted and the agricultural in- 
dustry and commercial interests of the State have 
achieved a development which is equalled by few 
of the States of the Union. While mistakes have 
not always been avoided, the thoughtful citizen 
may reflect with pride that the history of his gov- 
ernment, during the eighty-three years in which 
Missouri has been a member 
of the Union, marks a dis- 
tinct approach towards the 
realization of the motto of 
the State: — Let the tvelfare 
of the people he the supreme 
laic. 




AN EXCELSIOR SPRINGS 
PARK SCENE. 





THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 
A. M. DocKEHY, Governor. 
T. L. RuBEY, Lieutenant-Governor. E. C. Crow. Attorney-General. 

Sam B. Cook, Secretary of State. R. P. Williams, State Treasurer. 

Albert O. Allen, State Auditor. W. T. Carringtox, Superintendent of Public Instruction. 





^- - 



01 Q} 





ISSOURI, from its inland location, lias 
climate essentially continental. While 
extremes of heat and cold are marked, 
they are not so great as are found in 
the more northerly States. The annual 
mean temperature ranges from 50 degrees in the 
northwestern to 60 degrees in the southwestern counties, the average for the 
State being 54 degrees. The average temperature for July, the warmest month, 
ranges from 75 degrees in the northwest to 80 degrees in the southeast; the mean 
temperature in January is 23 degrees in the northwest, 30 degrees in the cen- 
tral counties and 38 degrees in the southeast. 

The mean temperature for January in Missouri is 30 degrees; in Kansas 
28.9; Nebraska 20.7; Iowa 17.1; Minnesota 10.9; Wisconsin 14.4; Ohio 28.2; 



No extremes of 
heat and cold. 




Temperature varies 
only slightly in 
different counties. 



werage annual crop season (march to september, 
inclusive) precipitation fop. ten years by 
counties, in inches. 



60 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Average mean 
temperature for 
the year, 54 
degrees. 




AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION FOR TEN 
i'EARS CY COUNTIES IN INCHES. 



Five inches greater 
rain fall than 
Kansas 



Precipitation general 
throughout State. 



Illinois 26.5. It will be noticed that the .January temperatui'e in Missouri is 
higher than in any of its neighboring states or in the states in the same lati- 
tude to the eastward. The annual mean temperature is also higher In Missouri 
than in any of these States. Where in Iowa it is 47.2 and in Illinois 51.9, in 
Missouri it is 54.3 degrees. 

The average temperature for the State for each month in the year is as 
follows: January 30; February 30; March 41.8; April 55.4; May G5.1; June 73.8; 
July 77.5; August 76.2; September G8.6; October 57.5; November 43.3 and De- 
cember 33. 

Periods of extreme cold are of short duration and the temperature seldom 
falls lower than 5 to 10 degrees below zero. During the summer months the 
temperature occasionally reaches 90 to 95 degrees, but 
the average number of days with maximum tempera- 
ture over 90 degrees is only 34 for the entire Stale 
Hot winds, such as are occasionally 
experienced in Kansas and Texas, are 
unknown. 

The average date of 
the last killing frost in 
spring varies from 
March 30, in the south- 
ern section of the State 
to April 16, in the 
northern, the first kill- 
ing frost in autumn 
from October 29 to Oc- 
tober 13. The length of the seasons in days varies from 179 to 210 in the various 
counties. 

The average annual precipitation, computed from the federal government 
records for the last ten years, ranges from 34 inches in the northwestern to 46 
inches in the southeastern counties, the average for the State being 39.05. In 



J/.SZ 



/2.12 



S^7 



6-^9 



Z>^5^n^ulio/^ (^/?ai/i/a// zn J?ZiJJouri d^Jeasons. 



CLIMATE. 



61 




r:.T.;r"L _ _ i """■ i ' ■ .-..«o7' jj ' ^■'* 

i L— L L-, i ^' "''-.-L js 



,"n 



_>- 






,... I 



I 36 




Periods of cold of 
short duration. 



NORMAL JANUARY TEMPERATURE 
FOR TEN YEARS BY COUNTIES. 

twenty years the precipitation has never exceeded or been less than the normal 
5 inches except three years each. 

The distribution of rainfall throughout the year is highly favoi'able to the 
farmer, the average for the State for the different seasons being as follows: 



Long crop season. 




Distribution of 
rain fall highly 
favorable. 



NORMAL JULY TEMPERATURE FOB 
TEN YEARS BY COUNTIES. 



62 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI 



Snow rarely earlier 
than November 
fifteenth. 



Tfeezino 



Prevailing south- 
erly winds. 



Zezv 



32. 

30. Missouri 
c'd.£> A^a/isas 
26.3 /i^inois. 

20.7 Jfebraska. 
/7.7 /oiva. 



J^ea/i Jemperafure 
of January 



/OO. 



90. 



70. 



60: 



50. 



4-0 



/Yeezinff.JZ 



20. 



M. 



Zero. 



77.5 Julif 
76.Z August. 
738 June. 
686 Septemder 
65.7 Mai/. 

515 Oclober. 
55 -f- April 



Spring 11.97 inches; summer 12.12; autumn 8.47; 
winter 6.49. The wettest months are May 4.95 and 
June 4.78 while the driest are December 2.23, January 
2.04, and February 2.22 inches. 

The average crop season precipitation — March to 
September, inclusive — is 27.65 inches. This is three 
inches greater than that of Illinois; five inches 
greater than that of Kansas; seven inches greater 
than that of Minnesota and eight inches greater than 
that of Nebraska. 

From November to March inclusive, the precipita- 
tion is usually general in character, but during the 
summer months the greater part occurs as local 
showers. Rainfalls of from 2 to 3 inches in twenty- 
four consecutive hours occur in some portion of 
the State nearly every month but falls of more than 
4 inches in twenty-four hours are rare. The average 
number of rainy days, in which a tenth of an inch 
or more of precipitation occurs is — 8 in January, 9 
in February, 10 in March, 11 in April, 12 in May, 11 
in June, 9 in July, 7 in August, 9 in September, 8 in 
November and 9 in December. 

The prevailing winds are southerly, a 1 - 
though during 



-f3.3 JTbt/ember 
■^70 Marc/i 

33.7 December. 

30.0 Januari/--rel/riiarij. 



J77i5sourisJKirm/!l Temperature 
3^ ^nthj. 



the winter 
months north- 
westerly winds 
prevail a consid- 
erable part of the 
time. The aver- 
age hourly wind 
velocity ranges 
from 5 to 10 
miles during the 
summer and 
from 8 to 10 miles 
during the win- 
ter months. 

Snow rarely 
falls earlier than 
November 15 nor 
later than April 
15. The average 
seasonal snow fall 
ranges from 8 
inches in the 
southeastern por- 
tion of the State 
to 30 inches in 
the northwest. 



r\ 



700 



90. 



70 



60 



JO. 



M 



JO 



20. 



70 



Zero. 



77.J 77i^7i&;7. Jixly 



J^.3 Annual JTlean. 



30. lauiesl.Janiiari/. 



ATLssouri's Jbrmai 7emperalure 






M 



I S S O U R I has within 
her boundaries a great- 
er variety of natural 
features than any of 
the adjoining States 
oxc'ei)t Kentucky, Tennessee, and Arkansas. 
These features vary not only in detail but in 
general character. The accompanying map shows 
two topographic divisions — sometimes called the 
Ozark and the prairie region — more prominent than 
the others. The northern and western parts of the 
State are mainly smooth, the southern part mainly 
rough. The roughness or smoothness is the expres- 
sion of the depth and width of valleys cut into a 
plain. The depth of a valley depends upon the eleva- 
tion of the country in which it has been cut, and its 
width compared with that of other valleys in the same 
region depends upon the size of the stream that has made it, 
the time the stream lias been at work and the hardness of the 
rocks in which it has been cut. In the southern part of 
the State— the Ozark region— the valleys are all cut in 
limestones, which are rather hard rocks, while in the 
northern part the valleys are cut in soft shale. The 
southern part of the State was higher also when the 
streams began to cut their valleys than the northern 
part. The valleys in the southern part of the State, at 
least those in the Ozark region, are relatively narrow 
and deep; those in the prairie region are broad and 
shallow. Occasional limestone beds in the north and 
occasional softer rock in the south produce small 
areas of smooth country in the rough region and small 
areas of rough country in the smooth region. There is no 
sharp line separating these two regions from each other. In a 
general way the dividing line follows the Missouri river from its 
mouth to the vicinity of Miami; thence it runs south- 
ward to Windsor and thence southwestward to where 



General 
character- 
istics of 

Missouri 
topogra- 
phy. 



Features 
of the 
Ozark 
region. 



64 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




ATCHISO>^ COUNTY LANDSCAPE. 



Valleys of the 
Ozark region. 



ON A 
MISSOUKI 
RIVER 
BLUFF. 



Spring river crosses the State line. South and east of this line lies the Ozark 
region, north and west of it the prairie region. 

The general shape of the Ozark region is that of an elliptical dome, being 
highest along the central line, reaching a maximum height at one locality and 
sloping downward in all directions from this, more rapidly at right angles to the 
axis of The ellipse and less rapidly along the axis. The axis of this ellipse runs 
from the Mississippi river in Ste. Genevieve county southwestward to the State 
line near the southwestern corner of Stone county. 

The elevation of the 
country around the foot of 
the Ozark region is about 
800 feet above sea level. 
The elevation of the top 
along the central part of 
the axis varies from 1,400 
to 1,700 feet. From the 
line of greatest elevation 
the drainage runs north- 
ward to the Osage and 
Missouri rivers, which 
flow parallel to the axis of 
the Ozark region on one 
side and southward to 
White river on the other. 
All the streams have 
cut valleys of greater or 
less depth. Toward the 
heads of the streams that 
flow northward, i. e., just 
north of the central axis, 
the valleys are shallow 
and usually rather wide 
on account of the small 
size of the streams and 
the great distance they 
flow before reaching a large river. The same characteristic 
is true of the streams flowing southeastward on the south 
side of the axis — those east of the central part of Howell 
county. The streams that flow southward from the western part of the Ozark 
region have cut deep, narrow gorges from their heads. All the Ozark valleys 
reach a maximum depth in the region about midway between the central axis 





N 



GEOLOGY 



65 














^.''.K 







^ . -# 



."^^ 




Main features of 
the prairie 
region. 



BELIEF MAP OF THE UNITED STATES SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

and the border of the region. So far as ruggedness of the country is concerned, 
the central part of the Ozarks is not extremely rugged, though it is rather 
high. Around this is a region that is much more rugged; the valleys are deeper 
and narrowed; the country is completely cut up with an innumerable number of 
deep ravines, though the general elevations are not so high as in the central 
region. Around this intermediate belt of rough country is a belt that is both 
less rugged and lower than the preceding one. This is the border of the region 
and it slopes down to the prairies. 

The prairie region is lowest along the border line between it and the 
Ozark region and rises gradually westward, or slightly northwestward. Along 
the southern and southeastern border of the region the elevation varies from 
600 to 800 feet above sea level. In the northwestern part of the State the ele- 
vation is about 1,200 feet. 

There are two divisions of the prairie region, both of which rise northwest- 
wardly. In one of tliem, the southerly area, the rise is not uniform. It takes 
place in a series of steps which are successively higher west- 
ward, with a slight gradual rise between each step. The 
trend of the steps is northeastward and southwestward. In 
the part of the prairie region lying south of the Missouri 
river there are two of these steps, one of which does not ex- 
tend into north Missouri. North of the river there is only 
one of these steps that is prominent, but there are several 
minor ones. This region is also cut up into valleys by the 
rivers that drain it. Excepting, however, a belt of country a few miles wide 
along the edges of the steps, the valleys are not deep and narrow, and even here 
they do not reach the depth attained by the valleys of the Ozark region. In the 
other division the country rises nearly uniformly northwestward. The terraces 
or steps which characterize the southerly area are here buried deep beneath a 




MISSOURI S OLDEST 
INHABITANT. 



Valleys of the 
prairie region. 




GENERALIZED CROSS SECTION ACROSS MISSOURI FROM NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST. 



J/0.- 



66 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Soils of Missouri. 



superficial layer of clay, gravel and sand, so they 
are not recognizable factors in the topography 
of this division. The map shows the areas of 
those divisions. 

The rivers of north Missouri flow either into 
the Missouri or the Mississippi. Those flowing 
into the Missouri have a southerly course, usu- 
ally almost due south, while those flowing into 
the Mississippi flow southeastwardly. The val- 
leys of the larger streams are often five miles or 
more in width, with flat, meadow-like floors 
over which the stream channels wander in me- 
andering courses. The intermediate country is 
undulating and rarely too steep for cultivation. 

The soils of Missouri, considered 
from the point of view of their origin, 
are of two general kinds. The south- 
ern part of the State is covered with a 
residuary soil, or a soil that has re- 
sulted from the decomposition of the 
native rocks, while the northern part 
of the State is covered with a trans- 
ported soil, one that was brought from 
elsewhere, of glacial origin. The di- 
viding line runs a few miles south of 

the Missouri river, from the western line of the State to the vicinity of Boon- 
ville; thence eastward the river may be considered, in a general way, as a di- 
viding line. 




\ I.LMl' ( 

MISSOU 

COA 

I'UTXA 

COUNT 




iSllINi; M'l;I.Mi, .M'.Alt ;>11:;ELV1LLE 



GEOLOGY 



67 




HA HA TONKA LAKE, CAMDEN COUNTY. 



Soil and rock affect the stability and quality of the water supply. In the 
Ozark region water is obtained from wells and excellent springs; shallow wells 
in the loess soils and deeper ones in the clay soils furnish abundant water sup- 
ply. Stock water is plentiful and can be readily stored in surface basins. The 



Plentiful 

water supply. 




SKETCH MAP OF MISSOURI SHOWING AREAS OF PRINCIPAL 
PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS. 



68 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Pleistocene - 



?gj?ggg'^ y:gg^?iRg]ggay 



Devonian 



Archaean 



^2r-Vh^.i-rT^ 







w^^m w^m ^ 




L , I ,: — r 







^v: 



Lower Car- 
boniferous 



Jefterson City 
r Limestone 



Roubidoux 
Sandstone 



I Gasconade 
Limestone 



St. Joseph 
Limestone 

La Motte 
Sandstone 

Porphyry 
Granite 



GENERALIZED SECTION OF 
MISSOURI STRATA. 



rocks in Missouri nowhere contain any considera- 
ble quantity of matter tending to mal\e ttie water 
unwholesome. 

Using the word rock in its geological sense, 
the Missouri rocks are mainly sedimentary, 
formed by the settling into beds of masses of sed- 
iment, and igneous, formed by solidification from 
a molten condition. 

The igneous rocks are of two kinds, granites 
and porphyries. Enough granite, usually pinkish 
in color, is exposed for an inexhaustible supply for 
commercial purposes. It has been quarried for 
years for building and ornamental stones and pav- 
ing. Porphyry of varying colors, equal to that 
in the ancient Roman temples, exists in large 
quantities. 

The sedimentary rocks are of two main 
groups. One is composed of limestone formed 
while Missouri was not only covered by water, but 
was far from any land area. Four-fifths of the 
State south of the Missouri river and mucli of it 
north of the river, is underlaid with these lime- 
stones. The other groups of rocks were formed 
when Missouri was either part of a continent or 
covered by a shallow sea near land. 

The rocks of the earth's surface mav also 
be classified according to age. Three of the four 
general ages, Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and 
Azoic, are represented in Missouri, and eight or 
nine of the subdivisions of the ages. If all of 
these formations were superimposed at any one 
place they would build a column 3,500 feet high 
from the top of the granites. The thickness of 
the lower layer is unknown. The rocks do not 
all underlie the whole State, but by the bowing 
up of beds or by cutting through of streams they 
are brought to the surface at various places. The 
oldest rocks are in Iron and surrounding coun- 
ties. The center of the rock beds which underlie 
the larger part of Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, 
Illinois, and Iowa, which contain the natural re- 
sources from which these States draw their wealth, 
is in Iron county, Missouri. 

A geological map divides the rocks into 
groups, each group usually including more than 
one kind of rock or more than one formation. On 
the geological map of the State, the granites and 
porphyries are shown in solid red color. They are 
found in south and southeastern Missouri. A long 
period later with the coming of the sea over the 
Missouri area brought first the La Motte sand- 
stone. Gradually the land sank beneath the sea 
and extensive St. Joseph limestone was formed 
on the shallow bottoms. This limestone is usually 
gray and of rather coarse crystalline texture. It 
is comparatively free from flint and decomposes 
readily to a fertile and easily-tilled red clay soil. 



GEOLOGY. 



69 



Great deposits of disseminated lead liave been found in tliis formation. Ttie Gunter 
sandstone, the Gasconade limestone, and Roubideaux sandstone were formed sub- 
subsequently. Passing outward from the Archaean core of Missouri is next found 
the Jefferson City limestone. Its predominant rocks are the thickly-bedded, soft, 
white, non-crystalline "cotton rock" and the heavily-bedded, slightly-crystalline 
gray limestone called "spotted rock." Along the eastern side of the Ozark re- 
gion is the Crystal City sandstone, a bank of pure white sand extensively quar- 
ried for glass-making and foundry purposes. The Marshfield sandstone in the 
southwest and the Eureka limestone in the eastern and northeastern Ozark re- 
gion decompose to a pale-reddish or yellowish soil. 

Younger formations are the 
Trenton limestone; the thin De- 
vonian rocks around the Ozark 
region; the Louisiana limestone, 
fine grained and nearly 98 per 
cent pure carbonate of lime; the 
Hannibal shale, usually yellow- 
ish drab or greenish, with a 
small per centage of fine sand; 
the St. Louis, Keokuk, Burling- 
ton and Chouteau limestones, 
forming a bank around the 
Ozark I'egion from Perry county 
to the extreme southwest; the 
Auxvasse sandstone, the Kaskas- 
kia limestone and the Chester 
shales, found in a restricted 
area on the eastern side of the 
Ozark region, which close the 
deposits up to the period of the 
coal. I 

After this deposition the 
area of Missouri closed its ma- 
rine history. It was under the 
sea at various times thereafter, 
but for short periods only, and 
the later stratified rocks of Mis- 
souri are made up of land mate- 
rial. The first formation was a 
series of sand and clay beds, 
called the Cherokee shales. This 
was probably deposited around an Ozark island. The coal beds of practically 
all the central and southwestern coal-producing counties are in this formation. 
Above the Cherokee shale is the Clear Creek formation which includes all the 
workable coal beds not found in the Cherokee shales. The Pleasanton shales, 
the Kansas City group, the Rockport shales, complete the coal measure forma- 
tions and this general group. 

The Tertiary rocks were deposited long after the Rockport shales. These 
are found in the southeast, and include the Idalia shales, the Benton sands 
with its notable watermelon belt, and the Piketon gravels. This represents the 
last phase of the Tertiary submergence of southeastern Missouri. The sub- 
mergence at no time extended far north of Cape Girardeau. 

Follov/ing close upon the Tertiary submergence is the coming of the glacial 
deposits, three in number. Along the Missouri river, which was approximately 
the southern border of the ice, and in a narrow belt down the Mississippi river 



Physical character 
of some 
Missouri rocks. 




ENTRANCE TO 
MARK TWAIN's 
CAVE NEAR 
HANNIBAL. 



Formation of the 
coal-bearing 
rocks. 



The Tertiary rocks. 



Glacial deposits. 



70 THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

is a deposit of a porous, brownisli, coarse clay loam, and narrowest along the 
high bluffy portion of the Missouri river between Jefferson City and Washington. 
It forms the basis of the most fertile large body of soil in the State of Missouri. 
Just north of the belt of loess is a belt or area of fine-grained bluish clay, with 
occasional beds and pockets of sand, especially in the lower part. It may be 
considered to extend over all the northern part of the State except the area of 
the loess and a small area of gravelly clay in Harrison, Gentry and Worth coun- 
ties. The third phase of the glacial deposits is of the same character as the 
second, with a considerable proportion of gravel bowlders and sand. The three 
kinds, of deposits grade insensibly into each other so there is no sharp line of 
demarcation between them. 

Since the disappearance of the glacial sheet the area of the State of Mis- 
souri has been continuously a land surface and its physical history has been and 
still is continuous and one of erosion. The beds of rock that have been de- 
posited during the long ages in the past are now being worn away by the forces 
which attack all land surfaces. The duration of this continental period may 
be looked upon, however, in the light of the history of the past. At several 
times during the long geological history of the State it has been part of the land 
area and was later submerged again. The present continental period is probably 
not exceptional. At some time in the far distant future it may again go be- 
neath the sea and receive another coating of material. The world is not yet 
finished. World-making forces are at work now as vigorously, probably, as at 
any time in the past. We live in the midst of these changes but on account of 
the extreme shortness of our time-measuring units the long periods of geolog- 
ical time have no end and the changes going on around us marking the prog- 
ress of that time are unnoticed. 




/ 



'^'!'S-^^ 



rv "J^ 






THE STATE OF MISSOUlll IN KELlEi' riJOTOUKArillC KEl'KODLCTIO.X OE 

MAP BY PROF. C. F. MARBUT. ^y^ 



"W;; 






i.9^j 



■2t«*K- 



Kc'W JSt " 



V '^1 



^?M 



7 



^ / 



I 



W'-'S?' .'^-' 






y^. 



ISSOURI produced last year one-eighth of all the 
corn of the United States and more than one-tenth 
of all the corn of the world. 

One county in Missouri grows more corn than 
is produced by all the new England States com- 
bined. 

One man in Missouri grew on his farm this year more corn 
than is reported by the last ceDfus from the nine States of Utah. 
Oregon, Washington, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Rhode Island, Wy- 
oming and Nevada combined. 

Three counties in Missouri grow more corn than these nine- 
teen States combined: Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 
Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Colorado, North Dakota, 
Florida, California, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, Utah, Ari- 
zona, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada. 

This is more corn than is reported by the census for either 

New York, Maryland, or West Virginia; more than either Spain, 

Poriugal, or Austria grows; is twice as much as is 

grown in Australasia, including Australia and Tas- 

,,. • mania and two-thirds as much as is grown in Egypt. 

/ (t The least productive county in Missouri grows 

i/f *.,- more corn than the States of Nevada, Wyoming, Mon- 

i//. ' «_"' tana, and Idaho, combined. 

Missouri grows nearly three times as 
much corn as Canada and Mexico com- 
bined; three times as much as all South 
America; three-fifths as much as all Eu- 
rope, and nearly one-half 
as much as is produced in 
the whole world outside of 
the United States. 

Missouri's 
corn crop last 
year is esti- 



TW^ 



!*a^Mv«s.,^,..u^^;^y^^_^ 




* At the time this article was prepared the Government and State statistics tor 1903 were not complete. Therefore 
the statistics are for 1902 e.xcept those taken from the Twelfth Census which are for 1900. 



72 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 





M 




Missouri grows 
one-tenth of all 
the corn of the 
world. 



Highest average 
yield of corn per 
acre of any State 
in the Union. 



THREE MISSOURI COUNTIES ■••.••• \ y--' 

GROW MORE CORN THAN "■'•. .{ 

NINETEEN STATES. ''••..,.,:; 

mated by the State Board of Agriculture at 314,073,985 bushels, worth, on the 
farm, $100,000,000. This was the largest yield of any State in the Union, with 
possibly one exception, and was the highest average yield per acre of any State 
in the Union. 

Missouri's corn crop exceeded the combined production of thirty States and 
Territories, as follows: Maine, New Hampshire, "Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama. Mississippi, 
Louisiana, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, 
Utah, Washington, Oregon, California. 

Missouri produced last year, accord- 
ing to the State Board of Agriculture, 
62,000,000 bushels of wheat, which was 
'^ one-twelfth of the entire wheat crop of 

^} ^j^ ^^ the United States; the largest yield 

accredited to any winter wheat State, 
and the largest average yield per acre 
of any State, either winter or spring. 
The Missouri wheat crop exceeded 
the combined production of twenty- 
two States, including New York, Penn- 
sylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and all 
the New England States. 

This is more wheat than is grown 

by the United Kingdom of Great 

Britain, including England, Scotland, 

Ireland, and Wales; more than is pro- 

■'*»i«53''' duced by either Ontario or Manitoba, 

and two-thirds as much as the whole 
of Canada. 
This exceeds the combined wheat crop of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Neth- 
erlands, Belgium, Portugal, and Switzerland, and it is four-fifths as much as 
is grown in the whole of South America. 

This is more than is grown in Austria or Roumania; more than Bulgaria 
and Servia combined; exceeds the total production of Australasia, including 




AGRICULTURE. 



73 




THE MOKJN'ING START. 



Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand. 
This exceeds the combined wheat crops of Siberia and Central Asia; is more 
than is produced in Africa, including Egypt, Algeria, Tunis, and Cape Colony, 
and is more than three times the wheat production of Japan. 

Missouri's aggregate annual production of the six chief cereals (corn, 
wheat, oats, barley, rye, and buck- 
wheat) exceeds the combined pro- 
duction of the following twenty- 
four States: Kentucky, Massachu- 
setts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, 
Maine, Vermont, Delaware, New 
Jersey, Georgia, Alabama, Mary- 
land, Louisiana, West Virginia, 
South Carolina, Florida, 
Colorado, Washington, 
Oregon, Idaho, Utah, 
New Mexico, Arizona, 
Wyoming, and Nevada. 
The average produc- 
duction per State of corn 
last year for the eleven 
States: Illinois, Iowa, 
Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, 
Nebraska, Michigan, Min- 
nesota, Wisconsin, New 
York, and Pennsylvania, 
was 147,220,343 bushels. 

Missouri's corn crop was 314,073,985 bushels, or more than double the State 
average of these leading States. 

The State average production of wheat for these States was 32,603,042 bush- 
els. Missouri's wheat crop was 62,000,000 bushels, or almost double the average 
production of these leading States. 

In oat production the State average of the eleven States listed above was 
20,546,281 bushels, while Missouri's crop was 23,967,170 bushels. 

The average production of hay in these States is 3,495,272 tons, and Mis- 
souri's hay crop was 4,828,005 
tons, or one-third more than the 
State avei'age of these eleven 
leading hay States. 

In the production of the six 
leading cereals (corn, wheat, 
oats, barley, rye, and buck- 
wheat), the average of the 
eleven States was 399,086,155 
bushels, or nearly fifty per cent 
more than the State average of 
these eleven leading States. 

The center of Total Acre- 
age in Farms in the United haymaking, daviess county 
States is in Missouri. 

The center of Improved Farm Acreage is at the eastern border of the State. 
The center of Farm Values of the United States was at the edge of Missouri 
in 1899, and may be safely said to lie within the State at this time. 

The center of Corn Production of the United States is at the eastern edge of 
Missouri. 

The center of production <if the six leading cereals, corn, wheat, oals, barley, 
rye, and buckwheat, is in Missouri. 



Missouri grows 
one-twelfth of 
all the wheat ot 
the United 
States. 



Wheat crop ex- 
ceeds combined 
production of 22 
States. 




Largest yield per 
acre accredited to 
any State in the 
Union. 



74 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Missouri's produc- 
tion of six chief 
cereals exceeds 
that ot 24 States. 



Missouri has 
largest number 
of farms of any 
State excepting 



Exceeds all its 
neighbors in pro- 
portion of farms 
operated by 
owners. 



The center of Gross Income from Farms of the United States is at the east- 
ern border of the State. 

The centers of production of wheat 
and oats of the United States are 
within a hundred miles of the 
northern boundary of the State. 
The centers of population, 
manufacturing, education, 
progress, culture, follow the 
center of production. 

Missouri had 
in 1900 284,886 
farms, aggregating 34,000,- 
000 acres, or an average per 
farm of 120 acres. These 
farms were worth, accord- 
ing to the census, $843,979,213. 
This is the largest number of 
farms reported for any State in 
the Union excepting Texas. 

The increase in the number 
of farms in Missouri during the last 
ten years was 19.7 per cent, a larger in- 
crease than is reported for Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, or Nebraska. 

The increase in the number of persons engaged in agriculture in Missouri 
during the last ten years is 18.4 per cent; a larger increase than occurred in 
either Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, or Ne- 
braska during the same period. 

Sixty-nine per cent of these 
farms were operated by their own- 
ers, a larger proportion than is 
shown by Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, or 
Nebraska. 

More people are engaged in 
agricultural pursuits in Missouri 
than in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Ne- 
braska, New York, Pennsylvania, or 
Ohio. 

Missouri's annual production 
of sweet potatoes is 743,377 bushels. 
This is more than is grown by Illi- 
nois and Iowa, combined; more 
than the production of Arkansas, 
Nebraska and Oklahoma, combined; 
more than the whole of New Eng- ''■'^''~ \ 

land; more than the total of thirty \ "\ 

other States. '■■■, 

Missouri's corn crop loaded into V- 

wagons holding fifty bushels each, one missot ri county raises more corn 
and allowing twenty-five feet for than all the new England states. 
each wagon and team, would make 

a procession 36,800 miles long, or long enough to extend once and a half around 
the world. 

Corn is Missouri's one hundred million dollar crop. Practically one-half 
of the annual haiwest of the State is corn. Wheat amounts to one-fifth and all 
other crops to three-tenths. In Missouri Corn is indeed King. 





,./ 



AGRICULTURE. 



75 





UAX.S, AT(_lil.S(jN COU.NTV. 



One man, gathering fifty bushels of corn per day, would be kept busy in 
harvesting the ci'op, six million, two hundred and eighty-one thousand days, or 
over twenty thousand years. 

The Missouri oat crop last year was 27,816,165 bushels, or more than the 
combined crop of Australasia and Africa, or as much as is produced by Spain 
and Italy together. 

Missouri's potato crop last year was 12,234,112 bushels, or approximately as 
much as was produced by Massachusetts, Colorado, Texas, Georgia, Florida, Ala- 
bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Nevada, combined. 

The products sold from the market gardens of Missouri in 1900, according 
to the census, brought $3,494,357, a gain during the last ten years of 215 per 
cent. This is approximately as much as the vegetable output of all the New 
England States excepting Massachusetts, and about the same as the sales from 
Kansas, Nebraska, the two Dakotas, and Wisconsin, combined. 

Missouri has, according to the last census, the largest number of family 
gardens of any State in the Union, and devoted to these crops 74,633 acres, pro- 
ducing a crop worth $5,388,000. This exceeds the combined production of Illi- 
nois and New Jersey, and is more than is produced by Massachusetts, Connecti- 
cut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Jersey, and California, 
combined. 

Of the twenty-five counties in the United States reported in the census as 
leading in vegetables and producing about one-tenth of all the vegetables grown 
in the United States, St. Louis and Dunklin counties are included. 

Missouri had, in 1900, 3,126,400 square feet of glass devoted to vegetable 
production, a larger area than was reported for the States of Iowa, Kansas and 
Nebraska, combined. 

The leading watermelon county in the United States, is according to the last 
United States census, Scott county, Missouri. 

The second county in the United States in the production of watermelons is, 
according to the same authority, Dunklin county, Missouri. 

These two counties produce more than one-fourth as many watermelons as 
the State of Georgia, and more than either Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, In- 
diana, Florida or Arkansas, and as many as were produced by New Jersey and 
California, combined. 

One county in Missouri grows more sweet potatoes than either Iowa, Penn- 



It would take one 
man 20,000 
years to gather 
Missouri's corn 
crop. 



Missouri's corn 
crop would reach 
once and a half 
around the 
w'orld. 



Grows more sweet 
potatoes than 
total of 30 States. 



J7i/era^e Prodaciion o/ Six leadm^ Cereals, in ^iei^en leading ^Stales. 
^^^^^^^^^^^^H^ e73.002.7/8 3:zj3hels. 

Production of jSix leading Cereals in Missouri 
^^^^tmmm^^^mmmm^^m^^^^mmm 399. 086. /SS Bushels. 



76 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Largest number of 
family gardens of 
any State. 



Leading water- 
melon county 
of United States. 





Two Missouri 
counties ship a 
watermelon for 
the head of every 
family in the 
United States. 



MISSOURI GROWS MORE OF THE SIX CHIEF CEREALS THAN TWENTY-FOUR STATES. 

sylvania, West Virginia, Delaware, or Oklahoma, and more than the combined 
production of Nebraska, New York, and all the New England States. 

Missouri produces the largest yield of cotton per acre of any State in the 
Union. 

Missouri produces as much clover hay, according to the last census, as 
all the New England States, Iowa, New York and Minnesota, combined. 

The State contains 69,415 square miles of land surface, or 45,425,600 acres, 
of which 33,997,873 acres are included in farms. Of this area 22,900,043 acres 
are improved. There were, in 1900, 284,886 farms of an average size of 119.3 
acres, which were valued, exclusive of buildings, by the United States census, at 
$695,470,723. The buildings were valued at $148,508,490, making a total value 
for farm lands and buildings of $843,979,213. 




MISSOURI'S 


/ANNUAL HARVEST. 


Crop 


Acres 


Product 


Value 


Corn 


7,746,214 


314,093,985 bu. 


#99,727,295 


Wheat 


3,166,900 


61,045,000 bu. 


34,490,000 


Oats 


759>434 


23,867,169 bu. 


6,374,795 


Hay 


2,940,600 


4,828,005 tons 


29,428,870 


Forage 


370,725 


462,070 tons 


2,310,350 


Flax 


85,402 


366,849 bu. 


380,940 


Rve 


25,550 


459,900 bu. 


329,950 


Buckwheat 


2,500 


40,000 bu. 


24,000 


Barlev 


1,820 


45,500 bu. 


15,835 


Broom Corn 


8,765 


4,661,600 lbs. 


129,532 


Clover Seed 




58,737 bu. 


394,698 


Grass Seed 




219,760 bu. 


454,4^5 


Cotton 


67,658 


23,916,840 lbs. 


1,788,960 


Tobacco 


4,361 


3,356,460 lbs. 


324,040 


Potatoes 


93,915 


11,510,451 bu. 


3,870,435 


Vegetables 


114,853 




5,153,958 


Pastures 
Total 


7,511,346 




15,022,692 


20,900,043 




$200,110,775 


1 



AGRICULTURE. 



77 




A MISSOURI FARM HOME, MACON COUNTY. 



The figures of Missouri's annual liarvest place the State in the very front 
rank of agricultural States. At the same time no other State is developing as 
rapidly and adding to her agricultural wealth at the same rate. 

It is obvious that the future is secure of any State that grows successfully 
and profitably in every county, every year, corn, wheat, oats, timothy, clover 
and blue grass. In addition to these staple crops Missouri grows commercially 
a larger A^ariety of valuable crops than any other similar area in America, or 
the world. No state is less afflicted with drouths, floods, insect pests, blighting 
winds or crop failures. 

The Missouri farmer has more time in which to plant, cultivate, harvest 
and market his crops than has his northern neighbor. The mild climate affords 
more working days in the year and a longer growing season so that the efficiency 
of the workman is increased. The plow may be kept going in almost every 
month of the year. The soil is thus prepared without haste and at a minimum 
expense. 

In the East high-priced land and costly fertilizers reduce the margin of 
profit. In the West expensive irrigating plantii and high-priced water affect 
seriously the cost of production. Missouri's soils are productive without arti- 
ficial fertilization and her rainfall is sufficient to insure large crops without 
irrigation. 

Missouri's soils have stood the test of more than a half centui'y and will 
not wear out, burn out or leach out. 

When the population becomes so dense as to demand the highest possible 
production, Missouri's farms may be brought under artificial irrigation at far 
less expense and with greater assurances of an abundant and regular supply 
of water and with a far greater variety of valuable crops to grow than any 
country now under irrigation. 



Largest yield of cot- 
ton per acre of 
any State. 



Missouri grows 
every valuable 
grass known to 



Soils permanently 
productive with- 
out fertilization. 



yii/era^e Production of J^^ea^ in ^(^ei/'e/i JleadinyAStfaies 
i^^HiB^^^^^^^ 32. 603. 0^2 3u^hels. 

J^rooi£z,ciio7z gf/i^eat in J^Zissourl 



6/.045.000^u^?zelj. 



78 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Ten principal 
classes of soils. 



The soils of Missouri may be divided into ten principal classes as shown 
by the accompanying map and represent: 1. Alluvium; 2. loess; 3. limestone 
clay loam (black prairie); 4. clay loam, slightly gravelly (rolling prairie); 
5. clay loam (level prairie); 6. limestone shale loam; 7. sandy loam; 8. red 
limestone clay (slightly flinty); 9. limestone clay (flinty); 10. red limestone 
clay. 



Alluvium soil 20o 
feet deep. 




MISSOURI'S CORN CROP EXCEEDS THE COMBINED PRODUCTION OF THIRTY STATES. 



Alfalfa more pro- 
ductive and more 
easily grown than 
anywhere else. 



Large bodies of 
loess, a soil 
which supports 
the world's dens- 
est populations. 



Alluvium occurs along all rivers and creeks in the State, and varies in 
depth from 6 to 200 feet. The large bodies shown on the accompanying soil 
map are along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and in the southeastern 
corner of the State. The large body of alluvial soil in southeastern Missouri 
covers the counties of Mississippi, New Madrid, Scott, Stoddard, Pemiscot and 
Dunklin, the eastern half of Butler, the southeastern corner of Ripley and a 
narrow strip on the south side of Wayne and Cape Girardeau. This repre- 
sents two separate belts divided by a band of loess known locally as Crowley's 
Ridge. The western belt is alluvium mixed with clay overlying a white sand 
at a depth of from G to 18 feet. The eastern half is a mixture of silt and fine 
sand forming a typical alluvium deposit. Large areas of this very productive 
soil have not yet been brought into cultivation and are covered with a dense 
growth of valuable cypress, tupelo and sweet gum, cottonwood, elm, ash, and oak. 

Until recently much of this land has been too subject to overflow to be 
brought into cultivation. It has been abundantly demonstrated, however, that 
all of this land may be rendered arable and productive at a relatively slight 
expense by means of large open ditches. There are already in New Madrid 
county alone 233 miles of these ditches made at cost of from $2 to $3 per acre. 
In other counties of this district, ditches are being constructed so as to reclaim 
in a short time the whole of this valuable area. Underlying all of this land at 
a depth of from 10 feet to 12 feet is a porous stratum of sand through which 
the water readily flows so that the ditches will drain the land effectively for a 
distance of one-half mile. This means that a ditch along each section line will 
remove every obstacle in the way of cultivating this land, which is so well 
adapted to the production of all classes of farm crops, particularly corn, wheat, 
cotton, cowpeas, clover, alfalfa, timothy, bermuda grass, watermelons, canta- 
loupes, potatoes and tomatoes. Alfalfa is perhaps more productive and more 
easily grown in southeast Missouri than anywhere else in the country. Land that 



AGRICULTURE, 



79 



in a few years will be worth from $50 to $75 per acre may be purchased at from 
$10 to $15 per acre. 

Smaller areas of very productive alluvium are found along the Osage, Grand, 
Chariton, Platte, Salt, Crooked Loutre, One Hundred and Two, Fabius, Meri- 
mac, White, James, Bourbase, Black, St. Francois, Current and Elevenpoint 
rivers. In many localities this class of soil is selling at from $50 to $60 per acre 
while similar land in other States sells for from $100 to $150 per acre. 

The value of loess is well known all over the world. Wherever it occurs 
a highly developed agriculture is found. The densest agricultural population in 
the world is supported by the loess soils of Asia. It is friable and easily worked, 

of texture coarse enough to drain well 
and yet fine enough to withstand drouths 
and yields its moisture readily and fully 
to growing crops. It varies in depth in 
this State from 20 feet to 200 feet, and 
will produce large crops without artificial 
rertilization for an indefinite period of 
time. This soil occurs chiefly along the 
Missouri river forming a belt beginning 
at the mouth of the Osage river and 
widening westward to a maximum of 60 
miles in Saline and Carroll counties. 
Here it begins narrowing and is reduced 
to a width of about 12 miles at Kansas 
City, then extends to the north line of 
the State with a width of about forty 
miles. Smaller areas occur along the 
Mississippi river in the counties of St. 
Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Perry, and Cape 
Girardeau, and a narrow belt in south- 
east Missouri extends across New Mad- 
rid, Scott and Dunklin counties. The 
timber growth is elm, linden, black wal- 
nut, backberry, red oak, burr oak and 
pawpaw. All crops of this latitude such 
as corn, wheat, oats, alfalfa, timothy, 
Mue grass, red and white clover and all 
classes of fruits and vegetables reach the highest development and produce 
maximum yields on this soil. The surface is rolling, but level enough to be prac- 
tically all cultivated. On this soil corn is planted with the lister, thus dispensing 
with the cost of plowing the land before planting. Alfalfa thrive? as well as 
in any portion of the United States. 
Limestone clay loam (black prairie) 
is an admixture of clay, silt, sand and 
limestone clay, resulting from a mix- 
ture of glacial soil with the decompo- 
sition product of the limestone bed 
rock. It is black in color, owing to 
the large amount of vegetable matter 
it contains, and varies in depth from 
four feet to twelve feet. The surface 
is undulating and is for the most part 
prairie, forming the high plain of 
northwest Missouri, and embracing the 
northern parts of Ray and Clay coun- 
ties, the whole of Caldwell and Clin- 
ton, eastern Nodaway, northern Car- 




A MISSOURI FARM HOME, 
LAFAYETTE COUNTY. 



Black prairie soil of 
unlimited fer- 
tility. 



Rolling prairie that 
will not wear out. 



Limestone shale 
loam — rich 
friable soil. 



rOTTON AND CORN, 
DUNKLIN 
COUNTY. 




80 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




CULTIVATORS AT WORK ON A NORTHWEST MISSOURI FARM. 



Sandy loam — deep 
and productive. 



Red limestone 

clay, on which 
is grown the 
world's prize 
wheat. 



Flinty limestone 
clay, the grazing 
and orchard 
lands. 



roll and southwestern Livingston. The timber growtli. in fringes along the 
water courses, is elm, black walnut, cottonwood and mulberry. This land pro- 
duces all crops adapted to this climate, but it is especially suited to corn and 
grass, has great drouth-resisting powers and will be highly productive without 
artificial fertilization for an indefinite period of time. 

The clay loam slightly gravelly (rolling prairie) is a triangular area with 
a maximum width at the northern line of the State, where it extends from the 
Chariton river on the east to the western line of Worth county on the west — 
a distance of nearly 100 miles. In the valleys the soil is similar to that of the 
black prairie region. The upland is a black soil varying from two feet to five 
feet in depth, and is composed of clay with sufficient sand to make it friable, 
easily cultivated, warm and quick. It contains somewhat more water courses 
than the black prairie region and the surface is somewhat more rolling. Along 
these water courses are splendid bodies of alluvium. All crops thrive well on 
this soil, but it is especially adapted to corn, wheat, blue grass and clover. 
The land stands heavy cropping for a long time and recuperates with great 
rapidity when allowed to rest, or when changed to grass or clover. The timber 
growth is hazel, sumach, elm and white oak. The section embraces the coun- 
ties of Putnam, Sullivan, Linn and Mercer, eastern Grundy, northern Harri- 
son, northeastern Gentry, Worth and Chariton; western Randolph, Macon, 
Adair and Schuyler. 

The clay loam comprises the portion of northeast Missouri drained into 
the Mississippi river by the smaller streams and rivers, and embraces the fol- 
lowing counties: Scotland, Clark, Lewis, Knox, Marion, Shelby. Ralls, Monroe 
and Audrain; the southern portions of Boone, Callaway, Montgomery and War- 
ren; the eastern portions of Randolph, Macon, Adair, and Schuyler; 

western Lincoln and 
Pike. The upland is a 
gently undulating prai- 
rie with a clay lime- 
stone soil, varying in 
depth from one foot to 
five feet and is dark in 
color. It is productive, 
drouth - resistant and 
comparatively easy to 
cultivate. This soil is 
well adapted to corn, 
oats, timothy, blue grass, clover, broom corn and wheat. Like the other classes 
of Missouri soil, experience has demonstrated that it remains productive for a 
long period of time even under excessive grain cropping and recuperates quickly 
when grown in grass or clover. The surface is such as to enable this land to 
be cultivated conveniently and cheaply in large bodies. Large areas of very 
rich bottom land are found along all the rivers and creeks. 

The limestone shale loam is a rich friable soil, dark in color with an undu- 
lating surface, was originally prairie and covers the following counties: All 




ON A LIVINGSTON COUNTY FARJI. 



AGRICULTURE. 



81 




FARM SCENE, ATCHISON COUNTY. 



of Cass, the south half of Jackson, southwestern quarter of Lafayette, south- 
western two-thirds of Johnson, the southwestern portion of Henry and northern 
Bates. It is well adapted to corn, all varieties of grass, wheat, clover, flax and 
castor beans, and can he made to grow alfalfa successfully. 

Sandy loam is a clay ameliorated by a mixture of sand, dark in color, deep 
and productive. It covers the counties of Barton, Vernon, southern Bates, 
eastern Henry and .Johnson; the western portion of Pettis, St. Clair and Cedar; 
northwestern Dade and northern Jasper. It is well adapted to corn, wheat, 
timothy, flax, broom corn, orchard grass, blue grass and alfalfa. 

Red limestone clay is the border of the Ozark region and covers the coun- 
ties of Cole, Moniteau, Lawrence, Polk, Newton and Greene, nearly all of Dade; 
the eastern portions of Cape Girardeau, Perry, Ste. Genevieve, Jefferson, St. 
Clair, Pettis, Miller and Cedar; the western part of St. Louis, Franklin, Gas- 
conade, Osage, Hickory and Dallas; northern Crawford, McDonald, Christian 
and Stone; southern Cooper, Laclede, and Morgan; northwestern Barry and 
Douglas; southwestern Webster; southeastern Maries; northeastern Phelps and 
a small portion of Wright, Ripley, and Butler. It is a limestone clay soil with 
a slight admixture of flint, red in color and varies in depth from one foot to 
four feet. In the river and creek valleys occur large bodies of alluvium. The 
surface is rolling, but is for the most part level enough to be divided into large, 
regularly shaped fields on which the most improved machinery is operated. 
This section is especially adapted to wheat, producing a plump berry of fine 
color and very high milling quality. In addition to wheat it is adapted to the 
production of corn, clover, blue grass, orchard grass, tall fescue, English blue 
grass, timothy, all classes of fruits and vegetables, cotton in the southmost parts 
and on a considerable portion of this soil alfalfa will succeed. 

Limestone clay (fiinty) is the Ozark plateau. It is a clay limestone soil 
with an admixture of flint, is red or gray in color and varies in depth from 
one to three feet. The area comprises the counties of Texas, Shannon, Dent, 
Reynolds, Howell, Oregon, Carter, Ozark, Taney, Wayne, Iron and Washington; 
nearly all of Camden and Pulaski; the southern part of Stone, Phelps and 
Crawford; southeastern Barry and Benton; southern McDonald and Morgan; 
southwestern Jefferson and St. Francois; northeastern Webster; eastern Dal- 
las; western Ste. Genevieve, Perry and Cape Girardeau; northern Ripley and 
Butler. The surface is hilly with narrow valleys. A relatively small proportion 
of the upland is well developed, excepting in the southern and western parts. 
The valleys of the streams contain a rich alluvial soil, already in a high state 
Mo. — 6. 



400,000 acres of 
unentered gov- 
ernment land. 



Corn the world's 
greatest cereal. 



82 



thp: state of Missouri. 



Thife Missouri boys 
earned $41 54. 52 
in one summer 
in the corn field. 



The largest corn 
farm in the 
world is in 
Missouri. 



of cultivation. This is the timber reserve of the State and comprises the v^^hole 
area of Missouri that is capable of growing pine. The undeveloped parts, wher- 
ever the timber is thin enough, are covered with blue stem grass and Japan 
clover, furnishing excellent grazing for all classes of live stock. When cleared, 
nearly all of this land will grow red and white clover, cowpeas, orchard grass, 
tall meadow oat grass, tall fescue, red top, and timothy. On much of this land 
it will be possible to grow alfalfa successfully. With the rich valleys for the 
production of corn and considering the mild cli 
mate and the very few months in which it 
is necessary to feed stock, the whole of 

c uKisrhVN 



THREE MISSOURI LADS AND THEIR 
CHECK FOR A SUMMER'S CORN 
CROP GROWN ON 
SHARES. 



JAMES 
CHRISTIAN. 




HARRY 

CHRISTIAN 



the section will in the near future be converted into pastures, or live stock 
farms. Much of this land may now be purchased at from $1.25 to $2.50 per 
acre. 

Red limestone clay, flint free: A comparatively small body of exceedingly 
productive soil described as a red limestone clay, free from gravel, occurs in 
Iron, Madison, St. Francois, and Washington counties. This soil is deep red 
in color, varies in depth from one and one-half to three feet and is 
adapted to all crops grown in the State. It is especially suited to 




MISSISSIPPI COUNTY CORN FIELD. 



AGRICULTURE. 



Hli 




THIRTY-FIVE TWO-ROW CULTIVATORS AT WORK. 

the production of wheat, clover, corn, fruits and vegetables of all classes and 
all kinds of grasses and forage plants. The surface is rolling, affording ex- 
cellent natural drainage but level enough to be cultivated cheaply. 



UNITE!) STATES LANDS. 

There remain in Missouri subject to homestead or cash entry about 422,000 
acres of F'ederal Government land, thus located: 



A Missouri farmer 
is the real corn 

king. 



SPRINGFIELD 


DISTRICT. 


BOONVILLE DISTRICT. 


IRONTON DISTRICI. 


COUNTIES 


ACRES 


COUNTIES 


ACRES 


COUNTIES 


ACRES 


Barry 


9,484 


Benton 


1,1500 


Bollinger 


1,521 


Christian 


2S6 


Camden 


18,316 


Butler 


801 


Dallas 


2,827 


Cedar 


40 


Carter 


480 


Douglas 


6,74'; 


Crawford 


560 


Crawford 


2,533 


Laclede 


4,744 


Dallas 


1 1,800 


Dent 


4,209 


McDonald 


7,970 


Hickory 


5,760 


Howell 


3,545 


Ozark 


^•,94' 


Laclede 


8,600 


Iron 


8,242 


Pulaski 


1,876 


Maries 


2,120 


Madison 


6,187 


Stone 


13,044 


Miller 


5,420 


Oregon 


5,249 


Taney 


12,787 


Phelps 


1,480 


I'erry 


461 


Texas 


2,074 


l^olk 


40 


Phelps 


12,052 


Webster 


268 


Pulaski 


13,470 


Pulaski 


4,53« 


Wright 


2,540 


.St. Clair 


2,000 


Reynolds 


6,522 






Washington 


560 


Ripley 


5,268 




Total 


1 16,5<;6 






St. Francois 


200 








Total 


67,266 


Ste. Genevieve 

Shannon 

Texas 


2,092 

4,779 

12,789 

1,882 










Washington 










Wayne 

Total 


4,369 




85,719 



Free Government 
land. 



^i/era^eProducizon ofCor/i in ^/^ei/e/z Zeaazn^ Corn States. 
Pro£iu.ciLon qf6brn in J/Tissouri. 



J/^.073.S^S^u^helj 



M 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Wheat grown 
cheaper in Mis- 
souri than else- 
where. 




BUILDING LEVEE, PEMISCOT COUNTY. 



Two valuable crops 
grown on the 
same land. 



Homestead entriei may be made for 160 acres and an additional 160 acres 

may be secured under casli entry. The homestead entry fees and commissions 

on lands not within two and one-half miles of a railroad are $14 for 160 acres, 

$1.3 for 120 acres, $7 for 80 acres, and $6 for 40 acres. On lands within two 

and one-half miles of a railroad the fees are $18 for 160 acres, $16 for 120 

acres, $9 for 80 acres, and $7 for 40 acres. Under each entry 

the land costs $2.50 per acre within railroad limits 

and $1.25 per acre outside of the railroad limits. 

* United States land offices are located at 

Boonville, Ironton, and Springfield. 
Corn is the world's greatest 
cereal. No other crop is to be 
compared with it in the quan- 
tity and quality of feed that 
may be grown per acre. 
In cheapness of produc- 
tion and convenience in 
handling it surpasses all 
other crops to even a 
greater extent. A State 
well adapted to corn will always have a prosperous and pi'Ogressive agriculture. 
Such a State becomes a great feed yard and from it is drawn the world's supply 
of high class horses, mules, cattle, sheep, swine, poultry, butter, cheese, milk, 
etc. These are the highest types of farming and attract the most intelligent 
classes of people. Missoui'i grew last year 314,093,985 bushels of corn on 7,746,- 
214 acres. This crop was worth on the farm approximately $100,000,000. This 
was practically one-eighth of all the corn produced in the United States and 
more than one-tenth of the corn produced in the whole world. 

The rivalry between the States of Missouri, Illinois, and Iowa for per- 
manent supremacy in corn growing will ultimately result in Missouri's favor 
on account of the large area of new land that is being rapidly brought into 
cultivation. 

In no other country can corn be grown more cheaply than on the undu- 
lating prairies and the level and extensive river bottoms of Missouri. In 
portions of the State one man with six horses does the work required in planting 
and cultivating IGO acres of corn. One man with a tv/o-row lister will plow 
and plant 20 acres per day. By means of a double-row cultivator the same 




LiMjiiiiiy 



AGRICULTURE. 



85 




SfOTT COUNTY WIIEx\T FIELD. 



area may be tilled each day. This reduces Ihe cost of growing corn to a point 
never before attempted, and marks a new epoch in the applicalion of machinery 
to modern agricultural practice. 

Another advantage in favor of Missouri is the fact that corn is ordinarily 
maiure enough to store in large quantities by the middle of October in southern 
Missouri and by the first to the tenth of November in the northern part of the 
State. This gives the farmer the crisp, pleasant Indian Summer months in 
which to harvest and store his crop, and obviates the necessity of hiring help 
to garner what he has been able to grow. 

As an illustration of the possibilities in this direction on the deep, rich, 
loamy soil of Missouri three boys, aged 9, 16 and 18 years respectively, prepared 
the gi'ound, planted and cultivated 540 acres in corn in 1902, from which they 
sold 34,621 bushels of shelled corn. Under the contract with the owner of the 
land they were to receive 12 cents per bushel for their crop and the crop 
brought $4,154.52. This return for one season's work was enough to give to 
each of these boys a Univei'sity education. This crop at 35 cents per bushel 
would have brought $12,057.35, or an average of $4,019.11 for each boy. 

The largest corn farm in the world is in Missouri. Here an estate covering 
over forty square miles and containing nearly 30,000 acres is owned and operated 
by David Rankin, of Atchison county, whose start in life was a yoke of oxen 
and a rudely-shaped plow. Missouri corn and cattle have made him a million- 
aire. On this farm this year more than a million and a half bushels of corn were 
grown. This equals the combined corn crop of the states of Utah, Oregon, 
Washington, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Rhode Island, Wyoming and Nevada. 
This crop is annually augmented by the purchase of from one-half to three- 
fourths of a million bushels, all of which is fed to live stock on this farm. 
Twenty-five hundred bushels are required for seed to plant this great corn field. 
Here oftentimes more than $100 worth of corn is fed to stock every hour. Four 
thousand bushels are fed daily to 6,000 cattle and 20,000 hogs. Often ten to 
fifteen thousand cattle are purchased at a time and made in a single shipment 
to this farm on which the freight alone amounts to as much as $25,000. To 
plant and cultivate this crop requires an investment of nearly $50,000 in 
machinery. In every operation each man cares for two rows at a time. The 
lister under the operation of one man plows and plants two rows and covers ^ 
20 acres per day. The cultivators till two rows at a time and average from 16 
to 20 acres daily per man. On this farm 1,000 acres of land are often plowed 
and planted to corn in a single day. During the cultivating season from 1,000 
to 1,200 acres are cultivated daily. Each man does the work connected with 
the planting and cultivating of from 160 to 180 acres, even including the shelling 
of the seed corn. 

Here corn is grown cheaper than it can be harvested even with the most 
modern harvesting machinery. So called "Kings of the corn pit" are made and 
unmade in a single day, but a modest Missouri farmer is the real Corn King, 
whether the "Bulls or Bears" are in the ascendency, producing more corn than 
any other farmer in the world and feeding the largest number of cattle and 
hogs of any individual. 

Henry Senden, of St. Charles, grew last year 132 2-5 bushels of s^helled corn 



One man feeds 
$loo worth of 
corn every hour. 




Corn grows tall as 
trees in Shelby 
county. 



86 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




FARM SCENE, MONROE COUNTY. 



per acre on 12 acres of land. One third of this crop, the annual rental paid, 
amounted to $18.24 per acre. This year the same land produced 90 bushels 
per acre, yielding a rental of $12 per acre to the owner. Land similar to this 
and convenient to trunk lines of railways may be purchased at from $40 to 
$75 per acre in central and northern, and in southeastern Missouri at from 
$10 to $50 per acre. 

R. B. Wright, of Mt. Leonard, Saline county, has made an average of 75 

bushels of corn per acre for the last ten years on his entire crop, which ranged 

Largest acreages of from 75 to 200 acres per year. 

blue grass of any Frank Stafford, of Tarkio, Atchison county, reports an average of 118 

^^^^^- bushels per acre on 50 acres and 142.5 bushels from one acre. This land has 

been in cultivation for 20 years and no artificial fertilization of any sort was 

used. 

U. M. Randolph, of Eminence, Shannon county, reports a yield of 81 bushels 
per acre. 

Missouri's wheat crop last year was 61,045,000 bushels, grown on 3,166,900 
acres — an average of 19 9-10 bushels per acre. Every county in the State grows 
wheat of high quality and in sufficient quantities to require the use of the mod- 
ern labor-saving machinery. Missouri's wheat crop last year exceeded the com- 
bined product of the following twenty-two States and Territories: Pennsylvania, 
New York, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode 
Island, Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, Delaware, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, New Mexico, Arizona and 
Nevada. The above States expend annually for commercial fertilizers with 
which to grow their crops, according to the United States census, the sum of 
$44,555,000. In other words, it required practically all the wheat grown by farm- 
ers of these States to pay this fertilizer bill. Missouri's soil is rich enough to 
grow as much wheat, and practically as much corn, as all of these States without 
the use of artificial fertilizer. The land in Missouri is plowed for wheat during 
the leisure of mid-summer and early fall and the seeding is done before the rush 
of corn harvesting. 

By reason of the friableness of the soil, the work of preparing the land is 
reduced to minimum. Another special advantage not offered by the sections 
farther north is the very satisfactory result from sowing wheat after corn with- 
out plowing. This effects a saving of from $2 to $3 per acre, or from eight to 
twelve cents per bushel. The tillage given the corn provides an ideal seed-bed 
and the soil is rich enough to grow a maximum crop of wheat even immediately 
following so exhaustive a crop as corn. 

Another advantage over the eastern method of handling wheat is the prac- 
tice of threshing directly from the shock, thus saving the expense and waste of 
stacking the wheat. The threshed grain is left in the field in sacks until ready 
to be delivered to the elevator or railway station, thus avoiding the necessity of 
expensive granaries and double handling. In most sections wheat grows rank 



Blue grass grown 
successfully in 
every county. 



AGRICULTURE. 



87 




Timothy, the lead- 
ing hay grass, 
grown every- 
where. 



IIAV .STACKl.Mi, AUUKAIN tOUA'TY. 



enough on the rich Missouri soil to furnisli valuable pasturage during the fall, 
winter and early spring without affecting adversely the yield of grain. This 
pasturage is often worth enough to defray the cost of preparing the land and 
seeding. 

A further advantage which none of the wheat growers north of Missouri 
enjoy is the opportunity of growing a valuable hay and renovating crop, such as 
cowpeas. After a crop of wheat has been harvested, the land is plowed and sown 
to cowpeas. This crop matures in time to permit the land to be again sown 
to wheat the same season, without plowing. In short, to grow two valuable 
crops on the land the same season — one of which restores, in a large measure, 
the fertility removed by the other. 

To illustrate the possibilities in this direction the Missouri Agricultural Col- 
lege, at Columbia, has grown wheat and cowpeas continually in the same field 
tor the past four years, and reports the following yield of wheat: 

In 1900, 26.9 bushels; 1901, 40.2 bushels; 1902, 45.3 bushels, and 1903, 30.7 
bushels. This makes a total yield per acre of wheat in four years, 143.1 bushels, 
or an average yield of 35.6 bushels per acre. After each crop of wheat a crop of 
cowpea hay, varying from one and a half to two and a half tons per acre was 
grown. No manure or fertilizer of any sort was used on this land. Here two 
valuable crops were grown each year with but one plowing and at practically the 
same cost as is ordinarily required for one crop excepting the actual expense of* 
seeding and harvesting the additional crop. 

In south Missouri this practice is very common and exceedingly profitable. 
One man grew this year 1,300 acres in cowpeas after wheat. 

B. F. Marshall, of Blodgett, reports from eighty acres of wheat and cow- 
peas the following financial result: Twenty-four bushels of wheat per acre at 
70 cents, $1,344; 725 bushels of cowpeas at $1.50, $1,087; 102 tons cowpea hay 
at $7, $714; average per acre, $39.20; total, $3,136. 

W. H. Hagerdorn, of Rhineland, Montgomery county, presents an authenti- 
cated report of a yield of 604 bushels of wheat from eight acres, or an average of 
75.5 bushels per acre. This wheat, when standing, was so heavy that the binder 
could cut a swath of only two feet in width and the shocks stood so thick on the 

ground that a wagon could not be 

driven through the field without 
opening a road. 

James L. Hammett, of Hunts- 
ville, Randolph countj , reports an 
average yield of 49 bushels per 
acre on 30 acres. 

Practically every valuable 
grass known to the Avorld grows 
well in Missouri. The acreage of 
blue grass pastures in Missouri, 
en a consei'vative estimate , is 
placed at 7,511,346 acres; the larg- 
est of any State in the Union. 

In the amount of hay pro- ^^^ ^.^^^^^^ lafayette county. 



More clover hay 
than all New 
England, Iowa, 
New York and 
Minnesota. 



Six crops ot altalta 
per year from 
the same field. 




88 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




FAIIM SCENE, CALLAWAY COUNTY. 



Alfalfa yields 
^104 per acre. 



Clover and cow- 
peas supplement 
corn and wheat. 



duced from domestic grasses Missouri is exceeded by only two States. During 
the last decade Missouri's production of hay increased 13.9 per cent, while there 
was a decline in the hay production of New York of 5.3 per cent, Illinois 19.6 per 
cent, Iowa 9.1 per cent, Pennsylvania 13 per cent and Ohio 8.8 per cent. 

The following grasses, clovers and forage plants are grown successfully in 
this State: Timothy, Kentucky blue grass, Canadian (Virginia) blue grass, blue 
stem, orchard grass, English blue grass, tall fescue, brome grass, tall oat grass, 
bermuda grass, red clover, white clover, alfalfa, alsike clover, .lapan clover, 
cowpeas, soy beans, winter and spring vetches, sorghum, kafir corn, millet, 
hungarian, milo maize, teosinte, and rape. 

Blue grass is the peer of all pasture grasses, and is the domestic grass of 
Missouri. It may be grown successfully in every county, but it reaches its high- 
est development in the northern two-thirds of the State. The moment the land 
is cleared or grazed closely, the wild grasses yield to blue grass without artificial 
seeding, without cost, and without effort on the part of the farmer. It furnishes 
the most valuable and nutritious pasturage from the middle of April until the 
first of January, and may be depended upon to yield a valuable return every year 
without reseeding and without care or cost. It will support a steer to two acres 
and produce in the grazing season of six months three hundred pounds of gain 
in weight. When brought to its highest development a steer per acre is possible. 
In addition to the value of this crop as a feed, in many sections of the State the 
seed is harvested and yields from 10 to 40 bushels per acre, worth from GO cents 
to 75 cents a bushel at home. The only cost involved is that of stripping and 
curing, for which a return of from $6 to $25 per acre in addition to the pas- 
turage is secured. 

Timothy is the leading hay grass of America and reaches its highest devel- 
opment in Missouri, and grows successfully in every portion of the State. A 

crop, from one and a 
half to three tons of 
hay per acre is ctit 
in July and the af- 
termath will almost 
sustain a steer per 
acre for three 
months as pasture. 
This crop is in 
many places h a r - 
vested for seed, yield- 
ing from 6 to 10 
bushels per acre, 

HAYMAKING, CARROTX COTTNTY. ». ^^ . 

worth from $1.50 to 
$2.50 per bushel. In addition to this the hay crop is almost as large as if the 
seed had not been harvested separately. Little or no difficulty is experienced In 
securing a stand which lasts almost indefinitely under ordinary care. 




AGRICULTURE. 



89 




ALFALFA, PEMISCOT COUXTY. 



White clover grows 
luxuriantly on all 
soils. 



Red clover is, all things considered, one of the most valuable crops grown in 
th>3 country and succeeds well in all parts of Missouri, and on all classes of soil. 
Missouri is excelled at the present tinoe in clover production by only two States 
and at the present rate of increase will soon rank first. Missouri produced as 
much clover hay in 1900, according to the census, as all of the New England 
States, Iowa, New York and Minnesota, combined. A soil that grows clover 
profitably may be kept in a high state of productiveness indefinitely. A soil that 
will not grow clover or some similar renovating crop will require in a short 
time the purchase of costly commercial fertilizers. No one thing so clearly indi- 
cates the intelligence of the farmers or reflects so creditably upon their system of 
farming as the area devoted to this crop. The productive value of the corn as a 
feed is enhanced fully twenty per cent by combining with it clover, cowpeas, or 
alfalfa. The State, therefore, that is pre-eminately adapted to both corn and 
clover is particularly fortunate, indeed, in the distribution of its resources. The 
yield in this State varies from two to four tons of hay per acre, and in the ordi- 
nary season from three to six bushels of seed worth from $12 to $24 per acre is 
obtained as a second crop the same season at the cost of cutting and threshing. 
In portions of the State where clover has been grown the longest the soil has 
become so filled with seed that a good stand may be secured without the expense 
of seeding, in many cases. 

Second in importance, as a forage plant, only to clover, is alfalfa. It has 
already been proven that it succeeds on all the loess soils of the State, and prac- 
tically all of the alluvial soils, and may be made to thrive, under proper care 
and management, on the rolling timbered area of the State. From four to six 
cuttings are made each year, aggregating from three to six tons of hay. 

In 1901, J. P. Davis, Fortesque, Holt county, sold $80 worth of hay and seed 
per acre from twelve acres of alfalfa. Charles L. Cunningham, of Caruthersville, 
who has more than three hundred acres in alfalfa, reports an average yield of six 
tons per acre in 1902, for which he received $18 per ton on board cars at the local 
shipping station; an average of $104 per acre. In 1903 S. P. Reynolds, of Ca- 
ruthersville, paid $100 per acre for a farm seeded to alfalfa and sold from it 
within six months after its purchase $50 worth of hay per acre. G H. Sly, of 



Missouri the lead- 
ing clover State 
of the I'nion. 



Tobacco yield 

I 500 pounds per 
acre. 



90 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



One county's 
annual cotton 
crop worth i '4 
million dollars. 



Bm 














'^-m^^:^^^:^^ 



A THOUSAND ACKES OF COWPEAS ON ONE FAKM, SCOTT COUNTY. 



Watermelons 
from two Mis- 
souri counties 
make a train 55 
miles long. 



Ozark lands will 
grow alfalfa. 



Rockport, reports a yield of five tons of alfalfa hay per acre on nireteen acres 
from four cuttings. 

The rich alluvial soils of southeast Missouri grow alfalfa with greater cer- 
tainty and with less risk and difficulty in securing the stand than perhaps any 
other section of the United States. The seeding there is usually done in March 
or April on growing wheat and after the wheat crop is removed a fair crop of 
hay is cut the same season. In this district are fields of alfalfa twelve years old 
that are producing as large yields as ever and show no signs of deterioration. 
Land that will produce five to six tons of this hay per acre without the usual 
risks and difficulties of securing a stand may be purchased at from $20 to $50 per 
acre. Owing to its geographical location this section is peculiarly adapted to 
profitable hay production inasmuch as it has both river and rail transportation 
and is at the very southern edge of extensive hay growing and has the benefit of 
the best hay market in the world, the cotton growing States of the South. Here 
the farmer secures St. Louis, Kansas City or Chicago prices, plus freight and 
commission, whereas the farmers of the northern and western states are obliged 
to accept these prices with the freight and commission deducted. This makes a 
difference of from $2 to $5 per ton, and when it is considered that a larger yield 
may be obtained on land that is less costly than that of the north and west, the 
advantages of this country for this purpose are apparent. 

On the gravelly soils of 
the Ozark border particular- 
ly in Benton county, alfalfa 
has shown itself to be partic- 
ularly well adapted. There 
is no reason why it may not 
be grown with equal success 
over the whole of this Ozark 
border, and perhaps on a ma- 
jority of the Ozark plateau. 
In this event land that may 
be purchased now at from $0 
to $7 an acre may be made as 
productive and valuable as 
land that in other States is 
selling at from $50 to $100. 
The possibilities of alfalfa- 
growing in Missouri are just 
beginning to be appreciated, and there is perhaps greater opportunity for 
profitable investment in Missouri lands that are adapted to this crop than in 







KAUM KESIDENCE, PUTNAM COUNTY. 



AGRICULTURE. 



91 




SWEET POTATOES, NEWTON COUNTY. 



any other direction. In most countries where alfalfa succeeds, corn is not a 
success, and either the alfalfa must be shipped to the corn or the corn brought 
to the alfalfa. In Missouri both of these crops are grown on the same farm. If 
to these be added rich "*" " 

blue grass pastures, the 
ideal conditions for suc- 
cessful stock raising 
are realized. 

Fortunate indeed is 
the State that is able to 
grow on all classes of 
soil at least two such 
renovating crops as clo- 
ver and cowpeas. This 
insures an abundant 
supply of material to 
properly balance and 
supplement the corn 
and corn fodder crop; 
at the same time that 
the soil is kept in a high 
state of fertility and 
in the best possible 
mechanical condition 
for the growing of 

other crops. The Missouri season is long enough to mature cowpeas profitably. 
From the latitude of Kansas City south, a crop of hay can be grown after wheat 
harvest or after a crop of early potatoes, or after a crop of timothy hay has been 
cut. The pea hay may be removed and the land sown to wheat, timothy, or any 
other fall crop without further cultivation. The yield is from two to four tons 
per acre, and in feeding value the hay is about the same as alfalfa or clover. 
In the southern third of the State, in addition to this hay crop, from 8 to 15 
bushels of seed per acre, worth from $1 to $1.50, or from $8 to $22.50 per acre, 
are harvested. 

For pasture purposes in connection with blue grass, white clover is one of 
the most valuable plants in the State. It is perennial and does not require to be 
seeded and grows most luxuriantly on all classes of our soils. Fortunately its 
maximum growth occurs the latter part of June and early July, at the time when 
the blue grass is usually dormant. It is particularly adapted to the gravelly 
and flinty soils of the Ozark region although it thrives everywhere and on all 

classes of Missouri 
soils. 

Japan clover is one 
of the most nutritious 
of the clovers, and has 
now spread over prac- 
tically the whole of the 
Ozark region. It thrives 
well in the timber as 
well as in open land, 
and furnishes valuable 
grazing through the 
latter half of the sum- 
mer and early winter. 
Bermuda grass is rapidly spreading over southeast Missouri, covering all 
waste places and open fields that are grazed. When it is well established it will 




BLUE GKA.->ta us .\U.>.-iuLKi AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FARM. 



Cowpeas — the 
clover of the 
South — thrive in 
Missouri. 



Japan clover 
has covered 
South Missouri. 



Bermuda grass 
covering South 
Missouri. 



92 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




HAY ON HOLT COUNTY FARM. 



Sorghum and 

Kafir corn grow 
in every county. 



Twenty-seven 
counties grow 
cotton. 



live indefinitely, and in value closely rivals blue grass, and in the portions of the 
State that are adapted to it, will solve satisfactorily the pasture problem. There 
is no reason why it may not be made to cover the Ozark plateau and convert 
this region into a rich pasture. 

In capacity to produce large yields of valuable forage at a minimum expense, 
sorghum and kafir corn are second only to corn, and thrive well in every county 
in the State. The only reason they are not grown more extensively is that our 
soils and climate are so well adapted to corn that it is a more profitable crop. 

Tobacco may be grown successfully in every county in the State. St. Louis 
is the leading tobacco market in the United States, and there is no reason why 
this industry should not be developed until Missouri is the leading tobacco pro- 
ducing state in the Union. The cost of producing an acre of tobacco in Mis- 
souri, including rent of land, cultivation, cutting, curing, stripping and deliver- 
ing to market, is about $32 per acre. The yield varies from 750 to 1,500 pounds 
per acre. In Platte and Schuyler counties the fai-mers often sell their tobacco 
crop for more than $100 per acre. 

Missouri leads all other States in the Union, according to the last census, in 
the yield of cotton per acre. Twenty-seven counties report cotton as a crop 
with 67,658 acres and an aggregate yield of 23,916,840 pounds, worth at the gin, 
$1,788,960. The bulk of this cotton is grown in Dunklin, Pemiscot, New Madrid, 
and Ozark counties. Dunklin county produced last year 13,858,200 pounds, 
worth $1,390,365. Unimproved land in southeast Missouri that will produce a 
bale of cotton per acre, and other crops in proportion, may be bought for from 
$9 to $15 per acre. Improved cotton lands that ai-e commanding an annual cash 
rental of from $3.50 to $5 per acre, may be bought in this region, convenient to 
gins and trunk lines of railway at from $25 to $45 per acre. On account of the 
ravages of insects in the southern cotton States it is probable that the cotton 
industry will be rapidly enlarged in this State. 

The leading watermelon county in the United States, according to the last 
census, is Scott county, Missouri. The second most important watermelon 
county is Dunklin county, Missouri. These two counties alone produce more 
than one-fourth as many watermelons as the entire State of Georgia, and more 



AGRICULTURE. 



93 




CORN PLANTING, NORTH MISSOURI. 



than either Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Indiana, Florida, or Arkansas, and as many 
as are grown by New Jersey and California combined. Scott county reports 
7,000 acres devoted to watermelons, from which are shipped over three thousand 
cars, and 550 acres of cantaloupes, yielding 13,000 baskets. 

It is estimated that southeast Missouri ships to the markets of the United 
States and Canada each year, approximately, 10,000,000 melons, representing an 
aggregate weight of 250,000,000 pounds. This is practically one melon to the 
head of every family in the United States. Allowing 40 feet to a car, this would 
make a solid melon train fifty-five miles long. The melons from southeast Mis- 
souri come into market about the middle of July — the season at which they are 
in the greatest demand — after the Georgia and Texas crops are exhausted, and 
before the crops of any other section of the country are ready. 

The cost of growing melons in southeast Missouri up to the time of harvest 
is about the same as corn, and the average return per acre is between $25 to $40. 
Albert Stocks, of Kennett, made a net profit on 100 acres of melons of $2,800, or 
an average of $28 per acre, after deducting $4 per acre for rental, and all ex- 
pense of labor, seed, freight and commissions. This crop required his attention 
from March to July only. B. F. Marshall, of Blodgett, reports nineteen cars of 
melons which brought, on track at local shipping point, $1,745 on 38 cars, or 
$46 per acre. 

To buy Missouri farm lands or engage in farming in this State is in no 
sense an experiment. The large outlay for drainage, irrigation or artificial fer- 



Missouri farm 
lands not an 
experiment. 




F,VKM SCENE, STODDARD COUNTY. 



94 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Land worth ^loo 
p^r acre may be 
h ) 'ght for $50 
in Missouri. 



tilizers required in other regions is unnecessary here. The conditions are all 
favorable for a bountiful harvest and rich returns. 

In the older States the best lands, with good improvements, in the best com- 
munities, with good 
markets, good trans- 
portation facilities, 
good roads, churches, 
schools, sell for from 
$125 to $200 per acre. 

In Missouri these 
conditions may be ex- 
actly duplicated and 
land equally produc- 
tive may be purchased 
at from $40 to $75 per 
acre. 

Farm iands have 
advanced more than a 
third in Missouri dur- 
ing the last three 
years. In many portions of the State they have doubled in value Compared 
with prices in other States, Missouri lands are still too low and are certain to 
advance. 




WATEHMELON.S, SCOTT COUNTY. 



iian^-- 


-^^^ 


■^.■^^^ ■--^-■^■^ 


.--/:^-. --'*::^i^-'-^ 




jjp^i^ :r^^£^. 


.fy - , 


/^'. ^^^1 


m- 



Missouri's farm 
land the best 
investment, says 
United States 
Secretary of 
Agriculture. 



WHEAT FIELD, RAY COUNTY. 

The Missouri farmer has no lean years. Feast does not alternate with 
famine. 

Hon. James Wilson, United States Secretary of Agriculture, said in a recent 
address "in my judgment the best investment in the country is Missouri 
farm land." 




COKN HARVESTING, NORTHWEST MISSOURI. 



aH 





M 




ISSOURI could not^ 
be better situated so 
far as climate and lo- 
cation are concerned 
for the development 
of the highest types of the domesticated animals. Be- 
tween the severe rigors of the northern climate and the 
vi^arm suns of the semi-tropical region, she possesses in a 
marked degree conditions which are favorable for the eco- 
nomical production of all classes of animals. Far enough 
north to escape the blistering suns of the southern lowlands, 
', she escapes many of the serious diseases common to those re- 
gions; the insidious splenetic fever does not intrude itself on Mis- 
souri pastures. Missouri's grazing lands are still far enough south 
that animals may be maintained exclusively on them for ten months 
in the year. The State has thus an unusual advantage over those 
sections of the country where the animals must be wholly supported 
for six months of the year on crops grown expressly for their winter 
sustenance. Missouri summers are never so hot nor Missouri winters 
so cold that expensive shelters are required for protection. Sixty-five 
per cent of all the cattle fattened in the State are fattened practically 
without shelter. 

A nation or a state that reaches distinction for its live stock 
must not only have a favoring climate, a fertile soil, and intelligent 
people, but it must have available markets, and here Missouri 
stands without a rival. In the midst of a large population, with 
large cities north, south, east and west, she has at her doors a 
market for all the surplus animal products of the farm. All the 
surplus breeding animals are quickly absorbed by the great 
ranges of the West and Southwest. These favoring circumstan- 
ces have conspired to make Missouri one of the greatest live 
stock localities in the world. 
The value of the live stock industry in Missouri in 1903 
was $200,000,000. This does not include the value of 
farms, barns, and other equipment employed in the 
live stock industry. In total valuation she is ex- 
ceeded only by Texas, Illinois, Iowa, and Kan- 
sas. There is no other single industry 
in the State that 
can compare 
with this in 
total value. 



S Il'J oil 



ivitlilSf.'^ 



96 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



HEKEFORDS. W. 1?. WADDELL, LEXINGTON; 

(.•. Q. CO-MSTOCK AND SON, AI-UANY. 




One-third 

Missouri's popu- 
lation dependent 
on the stock 
farm. 



Stock farm the 
stable dement. 



More than one-third of 
the entire population of 
the State is dependent 
directly or in- 
directly u p o n 
the bvisiness of 
producing the 
domestic a n i - 
mals. Not only 
is there an 
m a 1 pro d u c 
is also large, 
animal prod 
The stock 
culture. The 
live stock 
own home ; he 
growth mean 




(Quality ahead of 
the average. 



enormous investment in animals, but the ani- 
tion, as compared with other State industries, 
In 1899 the farmers' income from animals and 
ucts was $97,000,000. 

farm represents the stable element in all agri- 
tenant farmer is invariably a grain farmer. The 
farmer owns his farm; he builds and owns his 
lives upon his own farm; his succss and his 
rural development, good rural schools and 
healthy rural social conditions. 

In the United States in 1899 were approximately 68,000,000 head of neat 
cattle, valued at $1,477,000,000. Of this number Missouri possessed 2,978,000 
head, valued at $75,657,000. Missouri had four and one-half per cent of the 
number of animals in the United States, but this four and one-half per cent 
represented five per cent of the total value. The quality of the live stock in 
Missouri, therefore, is much above the average of the quality throughout the 

United States. By the 
census valuation, one 
hundred Missouri cattle 
are worth as much as 
one hundred and eigh- 
teen cattle taken from 
the country as a whole. 
There are only four 
States in the Union that 
have a lar.^rer number 
of cattle than Missouri. 
Four million and 
si.\ hundred thousand 
swine are found within 




ciUEi-' u. V. 22445 — ». i". kisk, weston 



LIVE STOCK. 



97 



:/00 or over 
JO to :^oo 

JKone. 




DISTRIBUTION OF REGISTERED HEREFORD CATTLE. 
FROM THE AMERICAN HEREFORD HERD BOOK. 



.„.,_ .-^y- -I'-— '^^-^ 



Mapla.dm^^^S<'0.000 






^ ■^O'0 3 000(^00 
Vrtder 




DISTRIBUTION AND VALUE OF ALL DOMESTIC ANIMALS. FROM 
THE CENSUS OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, 1904. 



Mo. — 7 



98 



THE STATE OF JNIISSOURI. 




IIOHSKS OWiNKI) |:Y .1. II. I'AKKKI!, U ,N |()\ V ll.l.K. 



More sliccp lli.m 
any liordcring 
State. 



More live stock 
tliiin anv othci- 
St.itc 



Willie ot' .1 liv 
Stock farm. 



the borders ol" Missouri. Tiiis is sevcMi ])or ceul of I lie total in (lie entire llnited 
Slates. Only two States, Iowa and Illinois, have a larger number of hogs than 
Missouri. 

Missouri is not generally eredited with li(>ing a sheep Stale, but she has 
more sheep than any bordering Slate exeept Kentucky. The number of sheep 
has rapidly increased in Missouri during the past ten years. She now has 
1,090,000 head. 

One-ninlh of the value of Missouri live stock is represented by her mules. 
Missouri has 2'.»().(>00 mules. This is nine per cent of the total live stock valua- 
tion. 

The live stock industry of Missouri is the principal source of profit to a 
million of its most stable citizens. There is no State in the Union whose farm- 
ers are so largely engaged in live stock production as are the farmers of Mis- 
.souri. In the United States as a whole, only thirty-three per cent reported their 
principal income as coming from live stock and dairying; in Missouri 55.3 per 
cent. Missouri has more live stock farms than any State in the Union; one 
hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and seventy-two in number. 
This is evidence unimiieachable of a prosi)erous, contented and happy rural 
population. The social, economic and agricultural aspects of such a widespread 
interest in improved live stock are of the highest interest. The strictly grain 
farmer requi'-es but a small investment of capital for the necessary tools to 
carry on his business. The liv(^ stock laruuM'. on the oIIkm" ham', must not 
only possess the same tools but he must have a much larger amount invested 
in anima];v, in feed and in barns and sheds. Live stock farms have a higher 
value titan grain farms, and this higher value is directly traceable lo the pro- 
duction of live slock on such farms. The ty])ical live slock farm (including 
equipment) is worth $4,101.08, \vliili> the hay and grain farm is worth only 
$:'.,(;;M.1S or a difference of $5(;(;.!Mi. li is. therefore, an economic advantage to 
\\;\\o ili(> farmers of any given loralily iulcrc^sli'd in \\\o hauilling of cattle. 



LIVE STOCK. 



99 



ZOO or 01/ er 
:/00^o200. 
JO to TOO. 



M 2^ to SO. 
/ -to25. 




DISTRIBUTIOX OF REGISTERED SHORTHORN CATTLE. FROM 
THE AJIERICAX vSHOKTHORN HERD BOOK. 




DISTRIBUTIOX OF REGISTERED ABERDEEN-ANGUS 
CATTLE. FROM THE OFFICIAL HERD BOOK. 



Lof 



100 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri at the 
head in number 
of stock farms. 




Larger area of 
stock farms than 
the total area of 
seven States. 



One-fourteenth of 
the live stock in 
cattle. 



LADY LEE L. 33469 N. II. GEXTRY, SEDALIA. 



DOUBLE MARY 

W. P. HARNED, VERMONT 



horses, sheep and swine. That which is an advantage to the local community, 
must be equally advantageous to the State. Missouri stands at the head of all 

other States in the 
Union in number of 
stock farms. 

Eighty per cent of 
all the available ele- 
ments of plant food re- 
moved from the soil 
are returned in the ex- 
crement of the animals. 
Attention to live stock 
husbandry explains . at 
once the wonderful fer- 
tility of Missouri's cul- 
tivable area. There is 
scarcely a State in the 
Union whose annual 
production is so con- 
stant and unchanging from year to year as Missouri. The accumulated fertility 
of Missouri's farming lands continues to produce under all circumstances of 
wind or weather. 

The 157,000 stock farms of Missouri represent a total area of 20,720,000 acres. 
This is an area larger 
than that comprised 
within the borders of 
the States of Connecti- 
cut, Massachusetts, Ver- 
mont and New Hamp- 
shire. There are seven 
other States in the Un- 
ion each of which has a 
total area less than that 
devoted to live stock 
farming alone in Mis- 
souri. 

The total amount of 
money invested in live 
stock farms and the 

necessary equipment for the carrying on of live stock operations in the State 
of Missouri is $646,380,516. The total amount of money devoted to the animal 
industry in Missouri is more than is invested in the same industry in the 
States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con- 
necticut, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Ala- 
bama, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota, 
Arizona and Nevada combined. These States 
have an area nine and one-half times as large 
as Missouri. 

With one-fifty-second the area of the United 
States (including Alaska) she has one-four- 
teenth of the wealth invested in live stock 
farming. The largest manufacturing industry 
in the great manufacturing State of Massachu- 
setts is the textile industry. The amount of 
money invested in this industry in Massachu- 
setts is only $274,332,000, a little over one- 
third the amount invested in live stock and 
dairy farming in Missouri. 





vtftf0^^ 



MISSOURI CHIEF 2653 M. E. MUORE, CAMERON. 



LIVE STOCK. 



101 



Of $219,000,000 received from farm products of Missouri, $142,000,000 came 
from the sale of products from live stock farms. This is 65 per cent of the 
total Income from the sale of farm products from 50 per cent of the farms and 
61 per cent of the total farm area. This income represents $6.86 per acre. All 
other farms, exclusive of live stock and dairy farms, produce at the rate of 
$5.81 per acre. Thus the live stock farm of Missouri produced at the rate of 
$1.05 per acre more than the grain farms. Tf all the live stock farms of Mis- 
souri had for a single year been turned into u'ain farms, the diminished income 
to the State would have been $22,000,000. 

It is to the advantage of any State or Nation to have its farming lands 
owned by the tillers of the soil. Sixty per cent of the stock farms of Missouri 
are owned by the men who till them. 

The equipment on the average Missouri stock farm includes fifteen neat 
cattle, four horses, one mule, twenty-six hogs, five sheep and a fraction of a 
goat. ' The investment in live stock for each of these farms is $6.96 per acre 
or $915 for the whole farm. The total value of the farm is $4,101. 

The productive power of Missouri farming lands can be illustrated in no 
better way than by the an- 
nual returns per acre. The 
live stock and dairy farms of 
the United States produce at 
the rate of $5.12 for each acre. 
The same class of farms in 
Missouri yield $6.86 per acre. 
The report also states that 
the Missouri farmer spends 
twenty-nine cents per acre for 
labor and fertilizer, while the 
same farmer throughout the 
United States expends thirty-eight cents 
per acre for labor and fertilizer. The net 
difference in favor of the Missouri farm 
per acre is $1.82. It is often stated that the 
produce from an acre of New England 
land is far greater than from 
the same area of the western 
farm. Census reports do not in- 
dicate that there is any such dif- 
ference notwithstanding the 
careful intensive methods em- 
ployed by the eastern farmer 
and the much higher price re- 
ceived for farm products. 

A comparison of the income 
per acre from Missouri live 
stock farms with the similar in- 
come in the Atlantic States 
shows that in spite of the in- 
tense culture and nearness to markets, the Mis- 
souri live stock farmer receives a greater in- 
come per acre than the eastern farmer. The 
Missouri live stock farm yields a gross income 
of $6.86 per acre, the eastern farm of this class 
yields $6.22 per acre. But this is not all the story, 
for on account of a more fertile soil and a long 
pasturing period the Missouri farmer spends less 
for labor and fertilizer. While the live stock farmer 



Sixty per cent of 
Missouri stock 
farms owned by 
the men who till 
them. 



JUDGE C. M. DALBY 

AND JACK 

GROVER CLEVELAND. 




LIMESTONE 



102 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




THIN RIND HOGS HERD OF W. F. DAVIS. 



Annual returns 
acre. 



per 



Every important 
breed represented 
in the State. 



Registered Cattle. 



of the Atlantic States spends sixty cents per acre for this item, the Missouri 
farmer spends only twenty-nine cents. Thus the Missouri live stock farm is 
yielding a net profit of ninety-five cents per acre more each year than the same 
class of farm on the Atlantic Coast. The average Missouri live stock farm is 
yielding $124.93 more than the live stock farm of the same size in the Atlantic 
States. 

Every important breed of cattle, horses, sheep and swine is represented in 
the Slate. The cattle breeds found here are Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen- 
Angus, Galloway, Jersey, Holstein, Red Polled, Polled Durham, Polled Hereford, 
Brown Swiss, Devon and Guernsey. The breeds of hogs are Poland-China, Duroc- 
Jersey, Berkshire, Chester Whites, Essex, O. I. C, Tamworth, and Large York- 
shires. The dii3l:erent breeds of horses in Missouri are American Saddle Horses, 
Standard Bred Trotter, Percheron, English Shire, Belgian, Clydesdale, Cleveland 
Bay, Shetland Pony, German Coach, French Coach, Thoroughbred and Morgan. 
Sheep are represented by Shropshires, Hampshires, Southdown, Rambouillet, 
Merino, Cheviot, Suffolk, Dorsets, Hornless Merino and Persian Sheep. Angora 
goats are also common. 

There are more than 50,000 head of pure bred registered cattle in the 
State. There are 4,000 bulls in the State which are registered. This means 

that ten per cent of the bulls 
are pure bred and registered. 
The number of registered cat- 
tle are approximately: Short- 
horn, 25,000; Herefords, 18,- 
000; Aberdeen-Angus, 3,000; 
Galloways, 1,500; Jerseys, 
all other breeds 
every market of 
Missouri cattle 
and their excel- 
universally a d - 



i£^>^ 



WITH TRIPLET 
CALVES — 

HAMP B. 

WATTS, 
FAYETTE. 




1,500 and 
1,500. In 
the world 
are known 
1 e n c e is 
mitted. 

If the 



Forty-three head 
averaging $2,200. 



sale records for 
the past ten years are evi- 
dence of high quality, then 
Missouri must be given a high 
place among the most famous 
breeding localities in the 
world. The results of the ef- 
forts of Missouri's skillful cat- 
tle breeders have been appreciated. The records of sales show that forty-three 
head of Missouri cattle have sold for $95,4()0. The name of the owner, name of 
the animal and the breed, together with the price received are shown in the 
accompanying table: 



LIVE STOCK. 



103 



FEEDING CATTLE — • 

TURNER MCBAINE, BOONE COUNTY. 




GALLOWAYS 
C. N. 
MOODY, 
ATLANTA. 



SHORTHORNS, C. D. BELLOWS, MARY\ ILLE 



PRICES RECEIVED FOR MISSOURI ANIMALS. 



ANIMAL 


OWNER 


PRICE 


BREED 


Thickset 


T. F. B. Sotham 


55,100 


Hereford 


Sir Biedwell 


T. F. B. Sotham 


5,000 


Hereford 


Columbus 17th 


Benton Gabbert 


5,050 


Hereford 


Betty 2d 


Overton Harris 


4,500 


Hereford 


Good Cross 


T. F. B. Sotham 


4,000 


Hereford 


Lucia Estill 


'Wallace Estill 


2,800 


Aberdeen Angus 


Glaucus 


G. R. Rennolds 


2, 500 


Hereford 


Armour rose 


C. W. Armour 


2,500 


Hereford 


Highland Maid 7th 


L. W. Towne 


3,600 


Shorthorn 


London Duchess of B. 


J. H. Kissinger 


2,700 


Shorthorn 


Knightly Belle 


J. H. Kissinger 


2,275 


Shorthorn 


Kissinger's Breastplate 


J. H. Kissinger 


2,200 


Shorthorn 


Caroline Cochrane 


J. H. Kissinger 


2,100 


Shorthorn 


Black Knight of Estill 


Wallace Estill 


2,100 


Aberdeen Angns 


Illustrious 3d 


J. H. Kissinger 


2,050 


Shorthorn 


Blackbird of Woodland 


Wallace Estill 


2,000 


Aberdeen Angus 


Premier 


Overton Harris 


2,000 


Hereford 


Alice's Prince 


A. A. Wallace 


2,000 


Shorthorn 


Locomotive 


Jeft" Bridgeford 


2,000 


Shorthorn 


Loudon Duke 6th 


J. G. Cowan 


1,950 


Shorthorn 


Highland Maid i;th 


L. W. Towne 


1,900 


Shorthorn 


2nd Louan of Linwood 


J. H. Kissinger 


1,850 


Shorthorn 


Mattie Richardson 


J. H. Kissinger 


1,805 


Shorthorn 


Caroline Airdrie 


J. H. Kissinger 


1,800 


Shorthorn 


Nonpareil of C. B. 


Geo. P. Bothwell 


1,710 


Shorthorn 


Bride i 5 th 


J. H. Kissinger 


1,675 


Shorthorn 


Orphan Gwynee 


J. H. Kissinger 


1,650 


Shorthorn 


Galetea 


T. F. B. Sotham 


1,650 


Hereford 


Nonpareil Hero 


George Bothwell 


1,610 


Shorthorn 


Mazurke of Linwood 


J. H. Kissinger 


1,600 


Shorthorn 


Highland Maid 8th 


L. W. Towne 


1 ,600 


Shorthorn 


Lady Hester 3d 


L. W. Towne 


1,600 


Shorthorn 


Excellent 


T. F. B. Sotham 


1,575 


Hereford 


FullfiUer 


T. F. B. Sotham 


1,510 


Hereford 


Red Beauty 


J. H. Kissinger 


1,500 


Shorthorn 


Grandee 


T. F. B. Sotham 


1,500 


Hereford 


Troublesome 


0. Harris 


1,500 


Hereford 


Lucy Estill 


Wallace Estill 


1,500 


Aberdeen Angus 


Muscovite 


Jeff Bridgeford 


1,500 


Shorthorn 


Jennie June 


T. J. Wornall 


1,500 


Shorthorn 


Phoebe 


f. H. Kissinger 


1,500 


Shorthorn 


Viscount of Anoka 


T. J. Wornall 


1,500 


Shorthorn 


McDougall 4 of Tarbreuck 


C. N. Moody 


1, 500 


Galloway 



104 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Forty-three head sold for a total of $95,460 or an average of $2,220. Each 
of the 43 head sold for more than $1,500, while 19 sold for more than $2,000. 
Of these 13 were Herefords, 1 Galloway, 4 Aberdeen-Angus, and 25 Shorthorns. 



Shorthorn Cuttle. 



Main development 
in Missouri. 



Shorthorn 
sometimes call 
Family in the 
I n Missouri 
popular breed 
its highest de 
ble specimens 
ers' art, devel 
f u 1 feeders, 
in every 
State. On 
there are evi 
power of this 
breed to im 
mon stock of 
The Short 
cattle is a 
the i n t e 11 i 
British farmer, 
tures and fa 
mate which 
horns enjoyed 




CORRECTOR. 



cattle are 
ed the Royal 
cattle world, 
this old and 
has attained 
velopment. No- 
of the breed- 
oped by skill- 
may be found 
county in the 
every hand 
dences of the 
prepo tent 
prove the com- 
t h e country, 
horn breed of 
monument to 
gence of the 
The rich pas- 
V r a b 1 e cli- 
these Short- 
in their native 



country is nowhere so well imitated as in the mild and equable climate and 
broad pastures of Missouri. Missouri is one of the favored localities and the 
Missouri breeders of Shorthorns do not hesitate to maintain that there is no 
quality nor excellence that the nutritious herbage of this great commonwealth 
together with her equable climate can not duplicate. 




OW.NEK 1!Y C. 1). BELLOWS, MAUYVILLE. 



LIVE STOCK. 



105 




SECTIONAL VIKW OF ST. JOSKPII STOCK YARDS. 



The first Shorthorn cattle ever taken west of the Mississippi river were First Shorthorn 
those taken to Cooper county, Missouri, by the late Nathaniel Leonard. In cattle. 
1839 this pioneer established the Ravenswood Herd of Shorthorn cattle which 
to this day is successfully breeding high class Shorthorns. It is said that his 
Shorthorn bull was pure white. Mr. 
Leonard purchased at the same time a 
heifer. These two animals together cost 
$1,100. From these two animals many 
fine Shorthorns were produced which 
were shown at the early Missouri fairs. 
Some famous breeders of Shorthorns in 
the early times were Hutchinson, War- 
field, Brand, Castleman and Wilson, of 
Cooper county; Larimore, of Callaway 
county; Hughes, Pettis county; Brown, 
Saline county; Doneghy, Jackson county; 
Hubbell, Ray county; Bryan. Ray county; 
Talley and Pilman, St. Charles county; cotswold sheep — hopsox glascock, oakwood 

McDonald, Grundy county; McHatton and Phillips, St. Louis county; Richard 
and William Gentry, Pettis county; Block, Pike county. At a little later time 
the names of C. E. Leonard, Jeff Bridgeford, John G. Cowan, the Duncans and 
J. H. Kissinger became prominent in Shorthorn history. The missionary work 
of these pioneer breeders has resulted in distributing Shorthorn cattle through- 
out every portion of the State. There are at the present time 2,340 breeders of 
Shorthorn cattle in Missouri. 



If'H'V^: 




^^■^HB,-' <,f''''^ "3^^H|:^^ 








% 

i 


. 




I 




WHtS 


.r-.-rT^T'-.H- 


iwCrirr-a 


%*-'-^^itl^t*»rjf^^^gi^ -^ 


,*** 



High prices paid for 
good cattle. 



106 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



From June, 1902, to June, 1903, 5,610 calves were recorded from Missouri. 
This is one-eighth of the total number of animals recorded in the American 
Shorthorn Herd Book from the entire United States. There are five Short- 
horn bulls in the State of Missouri that 
have together produced 1,000 calves and 
these calves are valued at $115,000. Non- 
pareil Victor and Grand Victor, two Mis- 
souri bulls owned by Bothwell, have to- 
gether produced 450 calves which are 
valued at $60,000. Missouri breeders of 




IMPERIAL WANDEEEr"S 

LASS 158478 AND 

NONPARIEL OF CLOVER 

BLOSSOM — 

GEO. D. BOTHWELL, 

NETTLETON. 




Breeders of Short- 
horns. 



Shorthorns report ten Shorthorn cows owned by T. J. Wornall, J. H. Novlnger, 
June K. King, E. P. Wilkerson, Jeff Bridgeford, Purdy Brothers, John Harrison, 
and George Bothwell, as having produced 81 calves valued at $28,725. The 
prices which experienced breeders are willing to pay for highly improved cattle 
represents to a certain extent their actual value. The Missouri Shorthorn 
breeders, Kissinger, Wallace, Bridgeford, Cowan, Towne, Bothwell and Wor- 
nall, have sold 13 Missouri 
Shorthorns for $27,840; this is 
an average of more than $2,000 
per head. C. D. Bellows reports 
that his sales of Shorthorn cat- 
tle from his own herd for thirty- 
six months immediately preced- 
ing November, 1903, averaged 
$1,000 per month. The supreme 
test of quality comes when cat- 
tle contest in the show ring 
against the best bred animals of 
the world. Here Missouri Short- 
horns hold a high place. 

Other breeders of Short- 
horns are W. P. Harned, Mrs. J. 
H. McGinniss, W. A. Mustain, W. 
W. Brown, Robert Blurton, B. L. 
Willeford, A. G. Odell & Son, A. H. Williams, R. W. Musgrove, Judge Lafayette 
Torrey, S. T. Davis, Melvin Gregg, W. L. Nixon, Z. P. Higginbotham & Son, C. C. 
Carpenter, B. H. Hurt & Son, Hallwood Stock Farm, J. F. Taylor, John H. Burrus, 




OWXIl) BY WILLIAM DICK, .MAVS\1I,LK 



LIVE STOCK. 



107 




Hereford cattle. 



T. A. Martin, William Lee Harris, W. H. Richter, J. A. McLanier, Willis Knox, W. 
H. Berry, J. W. Zimmerman, Sanford Smith, H. L. Shidler, Albert Camp, C. 
C. Creswell, August King and Missouri Agricultural College. 

The breeding of pure-bred cattle is a profitable business. Seven Missouri 
breeders, Wornall, Burruss, Novinger, King, Wallace, Bridgeford and Purdy 
Brothers, report having 
sold 2,618 animals for 
$344,950. To this list can 
be added the names of 
Bothwell, Leonard, Gentry, 
Harned, Bellows, Casey 
and hundreds of others. 

Not only the large firsi pkizb; herd, state faik, 1903 — t. j. wok>.all & son, eii;eiity 
breeders who invest thousands of dollars and advertise extensively, but the 
smaller dealers also find the breeding of Shorthorn cattle a profitable venture. 
Mr. T. J. Payne, of Sweet Springs, Missouri, purchased the Shorthorn cow 
Woodford Belle III in 1888 for $32.50. He has sold ten of her offspring for 
$1,100 and has now on hand ten head worth $1,100. 

Missouri possesses more registered Herefords than any other State in the 
Union. She has, in fact, nearly twice as many representatives of this popular 
breed of cattle as Iowa, Illinois, Kansas or Nebraska. One-fifth of all the 
registered Herefords in America are owned in Missouri. Five of the ten highest 
priced Herefords ever sold in the world were produced and sold by Missouri 
breeders. The breeders of Missouri Herefords have easily distanced all com- 
petitors in the production of high class cattle. Whether we measure their 
successes by show yard victories, or from the standpoint of the prices received 
at the great auction sales, Missouri must be given a high rank among Here- 
ford cattle breeders. 

The breeders of this State occupy a strategic position in reference to the 
markets of this country. They are almost in the center of the great corn grow- 
ing and cattle feeding district. They are located at the very gateway of the 
great western range country. They are also within easy reach of the southwest 
cattle country which absorbs thousands of our best breeding animals. The 
Missouri Hereford breeder has been quick to take advantage of this favorable 
circumstance. Missouri Herefords are scattered all over the west and south- 
west. The attractive white faces of this wonderfully prepotent breed of beef Strategic position 

cattle are found in thousands of feed 

lots in the great Middle West. The 
enterprise of the Hereford breeders of 
this State has made them formidable 
rivals of the Shorthorn, Aberdeen-An- 
gus, and Galloway breeds. Seven Here- 
fords sold by Armour, Gabbert, Harris, 



Twice as many reg- 
istered as any 
other State. 



of the breeders. 




ISAAC 177880 AND 
MISS POLLY 177881, AGED 
EIGHT WEEKS — MRS. G. C. 
MOSHER, KANSAS CITY. 




CATTLE FRED B. PAKSOXS, KNOX COUNTY. 



108 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




ON FARM OF T. J. WUK.XALL & SON, CLAY COUNTY. 



Fine record of 
Missouri animals. 



Prices received by 
breeders. 



Rennolds and Sothara brought $28,- 
650, an average of more than $4,000 
each. In addition to those men- 
tioned above. Armour, Funkhouser, 
Gabbert, Harris, Spelman and 
Sotham sold 15 other animals for 
$20,000, an average of over $1,300 
each. Seven Hereford bulls in the 
State of Missouri have produced to- 
gether 1,453 calves worth $439,010. 
Funkhouser's bull March On VI has 
produced 437 calves valued at 
$88,000. Gabbert's bull Columbus 
has produced 113 calves valued 

at $61,170. Sotham's bull Corrector has to his credit 189 calves valued 

at $78,440. Harris' best bull Benjamin Wilton has sired 200 calves with 

a total value of $75,000. Other breeders in the State who have made good 

records are Wehrman, Dette Brothers, Flock, Boney, Lamb, Spelman, Shirkey, 

Baskett, Swinney and Taylor. 

Many of the best Hereford breeders in the State have begun with one cow. 

It is interesting to know 

what some of the larger _ 

breeders of the State have 

received from the produce 

of some of their best cows. 

Armour, Gabbert, Harris, 

Sotham and Funkhouser 

report that nine cows 

owned by them produced a 

total of 85 calves^ and 

these 8 5 calves were 

valued at $72,620— each of 

these breeders having 

owned a cow whose pro- 
duce brought more than 

$5,000. 

The amount of money 

paid for highly bred Here- 
ford cattle in the State of 

Missouri is very large. 

The combined sales of 

seven Missouri Hereford 

breeders represent a total 

of $1,073,283, and six of 

the breeders report having 

sold 5,525 animals. 




EXILE OF SPRING LAWN 46304, SHELPMAN & HEADLEY, 
SPRINGFIELD. 



NUMBER OF REGISTERED IIEREFORDS SOLD WITH AMOUNT RECEIVED. 



Some high-priced 
Herefords. 



No. of Animals. Am't Re&d. 

Charles W. Armour 120 $ 276,383 00 

H. C. Taylor & Son 700 90,000 00 

Benton Gabbert 200 46,345 00 

Overton Harris 500 125,000 00 

T. F. B. Sotham 185 131,000 00 

Scott & March 1,800 265,000 00 

James A. Funkhouser 720 139,555 00 



$1,073,283 00 



LIVE STOCK. 



109 




Pr.EPAI!I>;G MULES FOK MARKET CLARK & HOUSEHOLDER, AUDRAIN COUNTY. 



It must not be supposed that success in breeding high class cattle is at- 
tained only by the large breeders. Many men have started with one or two 
animals and have achieved very satisfactory results. J. C. Hartzler, of East 
Lynne, bought twin Hereford heifers nine years ago. He has sold during the 
time $3,145 worth of stock and has now on hand sixty head of cattle. George 
Ess, of Clark, Missouri, bought one cow eight years 
ago and has since sold twelve animals for $1,250. 

No other breed of cattle ever handled in the 
State of Missouri has had a more successful show 
yard career than the Hereford breed. In every great 
stock show of recent years, Missouri Herefords have 
won the lion's share of prizes. At the International 
and State Fairs for the last fifteen years Missouri 
Herefords have won 563 first and champion prizes. 
No other State in America has ever won so many 
prizes on Hereford cattle in the same length of time. 
During the first four years the existence of the great 
International Live Stock Show at Chicago, Missouri 
breeders made 251 entries in the 
Hereford classes. This is more 
than one-third of all the entries 
made at the same show by all 
the States and Canada combined. 
It is twice as many as were en- 
tered by Illinois; it is twice the 
number shown by Indiana, and 
six times as many as entered by 
Iowa. The records of the Here- 
ford Association show that Kan- 
sas stands next to Missouri in 
the registration o f Hei-eford 
calves, but Missouri has successfully exhibited eight times as many cattle at 
Chicago. Not only has Missouri been largely represented in the Hereford 
classes at Chicago, but she has taken more first and champion prizes than all 
the States and Canada combined. With a little more than one-third of the 
cattle exhibited she has won more than half of all the first and championship 
prizes. During the whole history of the International Show, Missouri has car- 
ried off 50 of the 84 first and championship prizes given to Hereford cattle. At 
the same show for the same period Missouri took exactly half of all the second 
prizes offered. She has, therefore, won more championship, first and second 
prizes than all the rest of the North American Continent combined. It is, 
therefore, no cause for surprise that five of the ten highest priced Herefords 
in America were Missouri Herefords. 

Gudgell & Simpson, of Independence, Missouri, maintain one of the largest 
breeding establishments in the world. These gentlemen were successful ex- 
hibitors at the World's Fair in Chicago and have sold perhaps a larger number 




JACK FROST, 

YOUNGEST MISSOURI BREEDER, WITH KING TOM, 
FIRST PRIZE BERKSHIRE UNDER SIX MONTHS, 
STATE FAIR. 



Prizes for Missouri 
Herefords. 



No other State so 
successful. 



More than one- 
half of all prizes. 



110 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Aberdeen-Angus 
cactle. 



Half of the market- 
topping cattle. 




Victorious show 
career unequalled. 



IJROWN SWISS CATTLE HARRY JICCULLOUGH, FAYETTE. 



of registered Herefords than any other one firm. This firm lias exliibited more 
pure-bred and grade Herefords in the fat classes at the great national shows 
than any other in Missouri. 

Other large Hereford breeders are Sheridan Henry, J. R. Law, J. M. Har- 
man, Yates Brothers, S. L. Standish, W. S. Grubbs, J. M. Rennolds, C. B. Smith, 
S. L. Brock and Missouri Agricultural College. 

The breeders of Aberdeen-Angus cattle in Missouri claim that their cattle 
have succeeded in topping the Christmas market oftener than any other breed. 

In the fourteen years 
ending with 1903, Abei'- 
d e e n - Angus cattle 
topped the Christmas 
market 13 times. The 
feeders and breeders of 
Angus cattle in Mis- 
souri furnished six of 
these market-topping 
loads. The men who 
fed these cattle were 
Hudson, Brandon, 
AV h i t e and Eubank. 
Thus, Missouri has fur- 
nished practically half 
of the market-topping 
cattle of the United 
States for the last fourteen years. It is interesting to note in this connection 
that five of the market-topping loads of fat cattle from Missouri were fed by 
Carroll county feeders at Carrollton, Missouri. It is also significant that nearly 
all of these high selling cattle were sired by Imported Kabul, a well-bred 
"Pride" bull by Young Viscount. Among the sons of Kabul was the Erica bull 
El Key, who was so long at the 
head of W. H. Elliot's herd. 
The dam of Paragon of Estill, 
the Junior Champion bull of 
1890, was also a daughter of Im- 
ported Kabul. 

In the show ring the Mis- 
s o u r i Aberdeen-Angus enjoys 
the reputation of having suc- 
cessfully won the best prizes 
more continuously than any 
other breed in this State. The 
victorious show yard career of 
Wallace Estill in competition 
with the world has perhaps sel- 
dom been equalled. For five 
years he was never defeated by 
any other Angus herd. At the 
World's Fair in Chicago he won 
nine out of thirteen first prizes 
offered. At the dispersion sale 
of this herd 72 head of cattle 
sold for an average of $579.32. 
This is the highest average 

price ever recorded for Angus cattle in America. Black Knight, of Estill and 
Lucia Estill sold for $2,100 and $2,800 respectively. These two are among the 
six highest priced Aberdeen-Angus cattle ever sold in this country. 




JEFF BRIDGEFORD, AGED 84 YEARS, ON ARTIST 
MONTROSE — WON FIRST PRIZE AS GENTLEMAN RIDER 
AT CHICAGO world's FAIR, AT AGE OF 70 YEARS 



LIVE STOCK. 



Ill 




ABEKDEEX-ANGUS W. J. TUKPIX, CAKIiOLLTOX. 



The produce from five Aberdeen-Angus cows owned by Rea, Andrews, 
England, Hadley and Orear, sold for $9,750, an average of nearly $2,000 per cow. 

James H. Rea reports 
having sold 308 head of 
cattle for $38,500. Some 
breeders have found High prices for 

Angus. 

the breeding of Aber- 
deen-Angus cattle a 
very profitable venture. 
L. F. Hadley, of Ford 
City, bought $400 
worth of Aberdeen-An- 
gus foundation stock in February, 1897. In December of the same year he sold 
all but two of the calves produced from these animals for $450. 

That Aberdeen-Angus cattle have not lost their great fecundity may be 
seen from the following I'eports of some of her best breeders. Joseph H. Rea 
reports having owned a cow that produced 14 calves which were valued at 
$2,500. A cow owned by W. M. England dropped 10 calves valued at $1,500. Reports from 
George W. Hadley's best cow produced 13 calves valued at $1,500. John P. 
Greer at one time possessed an Angus cow that in her lifetime gave birth to 
14 calves which were valued at $3,000. The prices that have been received for 
Missouri Aberdeen-Angus cattle show that there is profit in this hardy and 
early maturing breed. Cul- 
ver, Rea^ Andrews and Had- 
ley sold 19 head of Angus cat- 
tle for $5,000. Some noted 
Angus bulls that have been 
owned in Missouri are Im- 
ported Bush Ranger and Es- 
till Eric, both owned by El- 
liott and Estill. Polar Star, 
a bull owned by H. W. Elliott 
has sired more recorded 

calves than any Angus bull in America for the same period. Among the herd 
headers produced from this bull were Bunco, Lengthy Duke, He's a Hero, He's a 
Star, and Ermoor. 

The Angus cattle have ever been favorites in the feed yard, owing to their 
vigor, thrift and early maturing qualities, and while they do not exist in such 
large numbers in the State as some of the other beef animals, they have ever 
been popular with the handlers of beef cattle everywhere. 

Other noted breeders of Angus cattle in Missouri are W. J. Turpin, Joseph 

E. Withers, John F. Coulter, Omer Catterson, Berry Lucas, R. S. Williams, E. E. 

Axline, N. R. Tracy, J. E. Creel, W. M. England and Elm Park Cattle Company. 

The wonderful adaptability of Missouri's soil and climate to the production 

of all kinds of live 
stock is nowhere better 
illustrated than in the 
successful breeding and 
handling of the sturdy 
Galloway breed. This 
hardy and vigorous 
breed of cattle from the 
l)leak climate of Scot- 
land has thrived won- 
drously on our rich pas- 
tures and generous feed. The first Galloways ever imported into Missouri were 
brought here by A. B. Matthews. According to the Secretary of the Galloway 
Association there were recorded in the United States in the year ending June 1, 




FIRST PRIZE IIEREFORDS S. J.. ia;()(^K, -M.^CUX. 



Gall )\v.iv cattle. 



'h^ 



^ AVi 






Hardv and vigorous 
breed. 



UAT.I.OWAYS — W. jr. DKOWX it SON, CARROLLTOX. 



112 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Dairy Cattle. 



1903, 2,006 Galloway cattle. Of these 343 were recorded from Missouri. In other 
words, Missouri owns one-sixth of all the Galloways in America. At a conserv- 
ative estimate there are 1,500 head of registered Galloway cattle in the State. 
One of the largest and most successful breeders of these good cattle in the United 
States is C. N. Moody, of Atlanta, Missouri. During the last seven years Mr. 
Moody has sold 300 registered Galloways for approximately $30,000; two of 
these sold for $2,615, and six sold for a total of $5,240. The prizes won by this 
breeder in three years amount to $3,800. One cow in this herd produced 5 
calves valued at $2,100. The owner of this herd bought McDougal, the highest 
priced Galloway bull ever sold in the world. Some of the leading breeders in the 
State not mentioned above are W. M. Brown & Son, H. H. Harris, J. M. Lowe, 
M. R. Piatt, L. M. Winslow, P. P. Wild, I. C. Huntington, J. B. Thompson, and 
Philo Lasher. 

The development of dairy breeds of cattle is naturally co-extensive with the 
highest development of the dairy industry. In the eastern and northern States 



IIEREFORDS 

GUDGELL & SIMPSON, 
INDEPENDENCE. 




Great record of a 
Missouri 
exhibitor. 



where dairying is the principal industry, we should expect to find 
the dairy breeds flourishing and numerous. In Missouri, where 
the production of beef is of primary importance, we would expect 
to find the highest types of beef breeds. This is in fact the case, 
but while Missouri does not rank with some other States in extent of 
her dairy industry, yet in the production of dairy cattle she has been 
unusually successful. One of the largest and most successful exhibitors 
of dairy cattle is M. E. Moore, of Cameron, Missouri, a breeder of Holstein- 
Friesian cattle. This gentleman has for twenty years been breeding, handling 
and showing this highly efficient dairy breed, producing in that time 544 ani- 
mals. The total sum received for these animals was $67,485. The total sum 
received for the five best animals was $5,000. But the most remarkable success 
perhaps of this breeder was in competition with the best cattle of this breed at 
the leading national and international shows of America. This successful 
exhibitor has won 800 first prizes and $16,755 in money premiums. In the year 
1890 he won $2,000 in premiums. His best bull produced 150 animals that were 
valued at $3,250. The best cow produced 8 young which were valued at $3,000. 
In addition to the above, this famous herd has won seven silver cups and thirty 
medals. One of his most widely known cows is Shady Brook Gerben whose 
official butter test was 23.07 pounds in seven days. This cow made four pounds 
of butter in one day, and wherever shown won every first prize offered for butter 
test at every Western State Fair, also at St. Louis and Atlanta, Georgia. 



LIVE STOCK. 



113 




PKIZE IIEKEFOr.DS TUUXER MCBAINE, BOONE COUNTY. 



Holstein-Friesians are also bred in Missouri by the Missouri Agricultural 
College, John Clancy, Joseph Barmann and William McWilliams. 

The popular Jersey breed of cattle is well represented in the State. E. J. 
Sheloman, a breeder of Springfield, Missouri, has sold 210 Jerseys in 15 years 
for a total sum of $42,000. Five of his best animals sold for $3,200. Five of his 
best cows produced 35,000 pounds of milk and 1,900 pounds of butter in one 
year. The best milk record from a member of this herd is 8,500 pounds. 

One of the best producing Jersey herds is owned by S. W. Coleman, of Se- 
dalia. Missouri. He maintains a herd of from 6 to 10 cows, half of which are 
two years old, and this herd produces an average of 400 pounds of butter per 
year, every pound of which sells readily at 25 cents the year around, thus mak- 
ine an average of $100 to the cow. The best cow in this herd produced 9,600 
Dounds of milk which made 500 pounds of butter in one year. 

Another herd of Jerseys is owned by Dr. T. A. Still, of Kirksville, Missouri. 
This is an excellent herd of highly bred cattle. 

The Missouri Agricultural College maintains an excellent herd of pure bred 
Jerseys and Holstein cattle. Eight cows in this fine herd produce more than 
400 pounds each per annum. One, May Bates 108674 A. J. C. C, produced 500 
DOunds of butter in 1903. The annual income from each of 15 cows in this herd 
is $125. 

Other Missouri men who breed Jerseys are: D. L. Bartlett, Michel Hilgert, 
Rolla Oliver. H. G. Lewelling and T. E. Wardell. 

Every important breed of cattle is represented in the State. Red Polled 
cattle are successfully bred by L. T. Henry, of Bolla, Missouri, T. N. Floui'noy, 
Shannon Staten, David Cady, and D. D. Updyke. The latter breeder has sold 
thirty-six animals in eight years for a total of $3,840. 

Missouri fat cattle have sold for the highest price on the Christmas mar- 
ket six out of fourteen times in the past few years. If it were possible to deter- 
mine the best loads of cattle sold throughout the year, Missouri would undoubt- 



Jersey cattle. 



Fine herds. 



Other important 
breeds. 




MULES AND CATTLE W. A. ELGIN, PLATTE CITY. 



Mo. — 8 



114 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



How cattle are fed. 



Grain rations used. 



The Missouri 
Experiment 
Station. 



Missouri Colle 
Agriculture. 



edly have a larger proportion of high priced cattle than any State in the 
Union. This State has ever been foremost in the finishing of higl-i class cattle 
for the fat stock markets. The enormous areas of corn, blue grass pasture and 
hay have made it possible to place on the market highly finished products. 

The methods by which cattle are fed and ultimately finished for the con- 
sumer, are well illustrated in Missouri. The most important class of cattle 
feeders are those who buy thin cattle or stockers, feed them for a short period 
on grain and hay or pasture, and sell them on the market. A careful investiga- 
tion of the methods employed by this class of feeders show that forty per cent 
of all the cattle thus purchased for fattening are two years old. Thirty-four per 
cent of the remainder are from two to three years old. The average number of 
days during which these cattle are fed a full ration of corn is 180. The weight 
of the cattle at the beginning of the feeding period is 1,367. 

The .grain ration fed in a great majority of cases is shelled corn. In cer- 
tain districts cottonseed meal is used to supplement the corn. Timothy hay, 

wheat straw, oat straw, flax ■ 
straw, corn stover, millet, sorg- 
hum, and clover hay are all used 
as roughness. These methods 
have been greatly influenced in 
recent years by investigations 
carried on at the Missouri 
"Kxperiment Station. Under 
the efliicient direction of 

HAMPSHIRE RAM 

AND FAT LAMBS 

OWNED AND FED BY 

MISSOURI 

EXPERIMENT 

^^^^^^^ STATION. 

Dr. H. J. Waters these cattle feed- 
ing experiments have been con- 
ducted for eight years. These 
experiments have included a care- 
ful test of all the principal feed- 
ing methods employed in the State 
together with more profitable meth- 
ods which have been determined b> 
the Station. That this Station has 
been successful in the production of 
well finished beef cattle can be seen 
from the fact that the highest 
priced load of beef cattle sold in 
the Chicago market in the year 
1903 was fed at the Missouri Experiment Station. Some of the experiments con- 
ducted at this Station are of the greatest economic importance. In one experi- 
ment in feeding cattle in the winter it was found that with a ration of six pounds 
of corn and sixteen pounds of timothy hay each animal gained one pound per day. 
Another lot of cattle of the same age and condition gained exactly two pounds 
per day on exactly six pounds of corn and seventeen pounds of clover hay. In 
general it has been found that any nitrogenous roughness like clover hay, cow- 
pea hay, or alfalfa hay has increased very materially the efficiency of the ration 
fed, and in every case has increased the profit. 

The State has not neglected to provide splendid facilities for instruction and 
investigation in Animal Husbandry. The Missouri College of Agriculture main- 
tains a farm of 600 acres, well stocked with cattle, sheep, and swine. Typical 
specimens of Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, Jersey, and Holstein cattle 





of 



LIVE STOCK. 



115 




" ? h'-wmd "- '.^5srfiii. 



JACKS AT STATE FAIK SEUALIA. 

are continually maintained for purposes of instruction. Thorough instruction 
is offered by this institution in Stock Breeding, in the history and development 
of breeds, and in feeds and feeding. Much attention is given to the judging of investigation of in- 
animals for the selection of profitable types. All students in Animal Husbandry calculable benefit. 
receive a course in Veterinary Science which treats of the common diseases and 
methods of treatment of the domes- 
tic animals. The investigations 
conducted by the Missouri Experi- 
ment Station have been of incalcu- 
lable benefit to the farmers of the 
State. The experiments in cattle 
feeding have attracted wide atten- 
tion and have had much to do with 
fixing many of the profitable feeding 
methods in the State. 

The discovery of Dr. J. W. Con- 
naway, of this Station, that by a 
simple method of inoculation, cattle 
could be made iix^mune to the 
Texas or splenetic fever, has 
opened up a large and profitable 
market for Missouri cattle. The 
Live Stock Laboratory, located 
on the College Farm is a stone 
building devoted to instruction 
in Veterinary Science and in- 
vestigations in Animal Breed- 
ing. It contains also a large and well-lighted judging pavilion in which the 
stock judging exercises are conducted. Saddle horses. 

The records of the American Saddle Horse Association show that there are 
3,028 saddle horses recorded in the United States. Of this number 686 are reg- 




JERSEY CALF L. E. SHATTUCK, STANBERRY. 




AXGORA GOATS ELMER FRAZER, MARYVILLE. 



116 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




CATTLE, LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 

istered from Missouri. Tliis is 23 per cent of all the registered saddle horses in 
America. Exclusive of Kentucky, Missouri has more registered saddle horses 
than all the other States combined. Of the original foundation of the American 



35 or over 
30to3S 
^0 to30 




UISTKIBUTION OF REGISTERED SADDLE HORSES. FROM 
THE AMERICAN SADDLE HORSE REGISTER. 



LIVE STOCK. 



117 




PKIZE KEREFOKDS O. HAKEXS, SULLIVAN COUNTY. 



saddle horse breed, Missouri furnished some of the most important sires. Two 
Missouri horses, especially, appear frequently in the pedigrees of the best saddle 
horses. These are Vernon's Roebuck and Pat Cleburne. From these two noted 
animals, and a large number of lesser fame, have sprung the Missouri saddle 
horses. 

An event of unusual importance to the saddle horse breeding industry in 
Missouri happened in 1886 when L. D. Morris, Clark Potts, R. W. Edmondson, 
Jack Harrison, and G. Tom King brought four great saddle stallions from Ken- 
tucky. These animals, Black Squirrel, Moss Rose, Artist Montrose, and Mark 
Diamond, have left an ineffaceable impress upon the saddle horse stock of the 
State. These great sires have given Missouri an enviable reputation for high 
class saddle animals throughout the United States. Another horse whose value 
it is impossible to measure, was Old Montrose, who was used in the State for 
breeding purposes from 1880 to 1893, inclusive. 

Some of the men who have sold animals of high merit at large prices are 
Jeff Bridgeford, H. T. McElroy, T. H. Jones, Dr. S. Maddox, George Nicholson, 
and John Harrison. One of the most successful breeders of saddle horses in the 
State is John Harrison, of Auxvasse. He has sold 800 saddle horses — an average 
of forty a year. Some of the great horses that he has sold were Rex Denmark, 
$1,6G5; Montrose, $1,450; Red Rose, $1,250; Star Rose, $1,100, and Chimes, 
$1,125. In his twenty years' experience as an exhibitor of saddle horses, he has 
won 1,600 prizes and $20,000 in prize money. In the year 1890 he won 250 first 
prizes and $5,300 in prize money. It is believed that this breeder, during the 
years of 1886 to 1893, had the largest herd of brood mares 
of the American Saddle Horse breed of any breeder in 
the world. 

Another gentleman whose successful career as a sad- 
dle horse breeder hars perhaps been unexcelled in any 
State or country is that of Jeff Bridgeford. This gentle- 
man has sold 250 head of saddle horses for $100,000. 

George Nicholson, of Fulton, has been a breeder of 
saddle horses for twenty-five years. Two horses, La Rose 
and King La Rose, owned by this gentleman, sold for 
$1,500 and $1,250, respectively. La Rose took first and 

King La Rose 
took second at 
the World's Fair 
i n Chicago for 
three-year-old sad- 
dle horses. One 



M 



SSOU 



ND 



ANA 



NOIS 



I II 1 . I Ijl F 



IOWA 



Saddle horse records 



Event of unusual 
importance. 



Breeders of 
saddle horses. 



Successful for years. 



KANSAS 



NUMBER OF HEREFORD CATTLE EXHIBITED BY FIVE LEADING STATES AT ALL INTERNATIONAL SHOWS. 



118 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




CATTLE FROM THE MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FARM. 



World's Fair prizes. 



of his mares has produced thirteen colts, valued at $4,000. This mare is still 
(1904) alive. 

Another successful breeder is Dr. S. Maddox, of Ely. A very successful 
handler of horses, especially saddle horses, is Ben R. Middleton, of Mexico, a 
picture of vv^hose horses accompany this article. 

At the World's Fair in Chicago there were 37 saddle horses entered for com- 
petition. Fourteen of these were from Missouri, fifteen from Kentucky, and 
eight from all other States. Of the five herds entered^ two were from Missouri. 
The saddle horse breeders who won important prizes in this event were J. A. 
Potts, who won first on stallion four-years-old and under five; E. L. Parrish, of 
St. Louis, first on three-year-old stallion; T. S. Harrison, of Auxvasse, first on 
three-year-old mare; and A. F. Wychoff, of Appleton City, first and sweepstakes 
on stallion, any age. Besides this, a large number of second and smaller prizes 
were awarded to Missouri breeders. The special premium for gentleman dis- 
playing the best horsemanship in the saddle was awarded to Jeff Bridgeford, of 
Paris, Missouri. Summing up all the prizes taken by Missouri at the Chicago 
World's Fair, we find that she won three firsts, one first and sweepstakes and 
seven seconds, a total of eleven first and second prizes. Kentucky at the same 




Til'^iPlW!*"'"^" 



CATI'LK KKKDl.NG W. K. MIMI!. (AM.AWAY COUNTY. 



LIVE STOCK. 



119 




COOl'EU (OUNTY CATTLE SCENE. 



I'holoj/iaiili bii Mux Huhmidt, BooiiviUe. 



iili^ 


i 


'::^ 






1 






UfHMi'iiliiii.tl 


i? 


it- 





MIS^OI RI 



,')() 



.\ I \ll;i.K()l I I i;,ST AND CHAM- 
PION PRIZES WON BY MISSOURI 
HEREFORDS AT ALL INTERNA- 
TIONAL SHOWS IN COMPETI- 
TION WITH THE WORLD. 



|}§«jffia|tpp*| 


NORTH AMhPKA 


^II^SOl KM 


^i^d 



fair won four firsts and two seconds, a total of six first and second prizes. At 
the St. Louis Fair, wliich has always been a Mecca for the saddle horse exhib- 
itors of the south and west, Missouri won first and sweepstakes prizes, 12 out 

of 14 times. Some of the horses that helped to 
win these honors for Missouri were Mark Dia- 
mond, Old Montrose, Moss Rose, Rex Diamona, 
Miss Rex, and Rex McDonald. Rex McDonald is 
one of the greatest living saddle horses. He was 
bred by Joseph McDonald, of Mexico, Missouri. 
His sire was Rex Denmark. He has won first and 
sweepstakes every year shown at St. Louis from 
1894 to 1903. 

Other breeders of saddle horses are, A. B. 
Hughes, W. B. Cone, Hanson J. Marks, R. P. 
Moore, W. E. Cheatham, C. F. Clark, G. Tom King, 
L. M. Monsees & Son, A. F. Wykoff, D. P. Ewing, 
S. W. Roberts, Moss A. Robertson, E. S. 
Stewart, A. F. Styles, Thomas Bass, J. A. 
Potts. 

Missouri has long enjoyed an enviable reputation as an impoi tant source 
of light horses. Many of the substantial citizens of the State were pioneers from 
the blue grass regions of Kentucky. These early settlers brought with them the 
Kentuckian's love for good horses and his skill in breeding fine stock. Thus we 
find nowhere else better specimens of the American saddle horse, the standard- 
bred horse, and the thoroughbred, than in Missouri. Two of the four purchasing 
stations for government horses are in Missouri, one at St. Louis and one at 
Kansas City. The hard dense bone which is necessary for the successful trials 
of speed is characteristic of the horses pastured on the limestone soils of Mis- 
souri. There are some very large breeders of standard-bred horses in the State 
who have been unusually successful. One of the oldest and most distinguished 
of these is Col. Ryland Todhunter, of Greystone Park, Lexington, Missouri. 



Some of the great 
horses. 



Roadster horses. 



120 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




HOLSTEINS, FIRST PRIZE, STATE FAIR. M. E. MOORE, CAMERON, MISSOURI. 



Standard-bred 
horses. 



Good trotters. 



This gentleman has been breeding standard-bred horses for fifty years and has 
sold in that time animals to the value of more than $100,000. Some of the fa- 
mous horses sold by this breeder are Star Wilkes, $6,000; Idol, $5,000; Lady 
Thorn $5,000; Merchant, $2,500, and Ashland Chief, $2,500. This breeder's 
famous stallion. Star Wilkes, in one year produced colts valued at $33,000. At 
the Kansas City Fair in 1877, horses from this farm won first premium on stal- 
lion over all ages and breeds, first premium for best mare and first premium for 
best weanling colt. 

Another farm that has produced good trotting horses for twenty years is 
Spring Lawn Farm, owned by E. J. Shelpman. This farm has sold 95 registered 
horses for $28,500. Two horses bred on this farm. Trumpeter and Gilberd's 
Sprague, sold for $1,200 and $1,050, respectively. This establishment has won 
$12,500 in premiums at the various State and local fairs. It is estimated that 
the best stallion owned by this farm produced 500 colts which, at a conservative 
estimate, are valued at $125,000. 

Another Missouri breeder of note is B. F. Swaggard, of Sweet Springs, Mis- 
souri. This gentleman has had eighteen years' experience and has sold trotting 
horses to the value of $10,000. Some of his best sales were Dillon Boy, $10,000; 
Andrew Allison, $3,300; Lady Glenn, $2,000, Maud, $1,500, and Mambrino Bee, 

$1,500. The trotting record for Missouri 
stallions is held by Dillon Boy, 2:09 1-4. 
This horse was bred and owned by Mr. 
Swaggard. 

Other good breeders of standard-bred 
horses are John Burruss, Henry T. Mc- 
Elroy, S. M. Finley, W. H. Stephenson, E. 
T. Letton & Son, H. D. Renter, G. E. 
Chinn, N. J. Coleman, J. R. Gentry, E. 
Knell, R. L. McDonald, J. F. Robinson, J. 
D. Shewalter, H. D. Ayers, D. L. Bourn, 
G. M. Catron, and D. A Colyer. 

The mule is an indispensable draft 
animal in southern agriculture. The 
draft breeds of horses are as naught 
compared with him for continuous labor 
in the cotton and the corn. No modern 
war can be successfully carried forward 
without the mule. Large-sized, well-pro- 
portioned and strongly-built mules are 
characteristic of Missouri. For this rea- 




1)R. cox, OWNED BY J. C. CLAKK, BUTLER. 



son, when the British army sent its agents to the Western continent to buy 

Tlie Missouri Mule, mules, they established their distributing center at Lathrop, Missouri, and from 

this point were sent out 115,000 mules. These mules, after serving with dis- 



LIVE STOCK. 



121 




MULE, VALLEY VIEW JACK FARM; 8 YEAItS OLD, VJ IIA.XUS HIGH, 1,'JOU roU.NDS. 



tinction throughout the Boer war, are now one of the most important factors in 
developing the agriculture of that region. At the beginning of the war in the 
far East between Russia and Japan, a large consignment of mules was pur- 
chased m Missouri for the Russian army. In the production of good mules the 
Missouri farmers have found out that large-sized and well-formed parents must 
be selected. The diminutive mules so often seen in certain parts of the south 
are not a profitable sort to produce. The high quality maintained in Missouri 
mules is due to the extreme care exercised by the breeders of this class of ani- 
mals. The average Missouri mule breeder is as careful in the selection of his 
mares for the production of mules as for any other class of horses. 

Guyton & Harrington, Lathrop, maintained the largest horse-distributing 
barn in the world during the Boer war. During this war the company furnished 
115,000 Missouri mules and 65,000 horses to the British Government. 

The census for 1900 gives the number of swine in Missouri at 4,524,664. 
Secretary George B. Ellis, of the Board of Agriculture, values these at $45,216,760. 
Only two classes of animals, cattle and horses, have a higher total valuation than 
have doire?,ti3 s~in9. The domestic hog is a stable product of the western farm. 

Its ability to grow rapidly and econom- 
ically have made it one of the most 
profitable animals for the small and 
large farmer alike. The ordinary pig 
will produce from ten to fourteen pounds 
of pork for every bushel of corn fed. 
He will gain so rapidly that he can be 
sold at the maximum price at six months 
of age. Thus, money invested in hogs is 
rapidly returned. While every important 
breed of hog is represented within the 
borders of the State, the great majority 
of hogs belong to one of the three great 
breeds — the Poland-China, Berkshire, and Duroc-Jersey. There are probably 
more representatives of the Poland-China breed than all of the others combined. 




THE GUARDLA.N OF THE FLOCK. 



Missouri furnishes 
mules for South 
Africa. 



Missouri swine. 



122 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Breeders of fine 
hogs. 





This early-maturing breed has been in high favor for a very long period. They 

are distinctly a product of the corn belt of America. 

One of the most successful bi'eeders in the State is F. M. Lail, of Marshall. 
I'olaiid-China swine . ANGUS CATTLE AND This gentleman h a s 

POLAND-CHINA HOGS- been engaged in breed- 
HOMEB CATTERSON, ing Polaud-China hogs 
:\fARYViLLE. 23 years, producing in 
that time more than 
2,000 hogs. The total 
sum received for these 
animals is $40,000. One 
sow, Sally S., owned by 
this breeder has farrow- 
ed 100 pigs and these 
have been sold for $4,- 
000. Five hogs sold by 
Mr. Lail brought $4,645. 
Another well-known 
breeder of Poland-Chi- 
nas who has had over 
20 years' experience, is 
E. E. Axline, of Oak 
Grove. This herd has 

produced over 4,000 animals which have sold for over $75,000. Four animals 

sold by this breeder brought $2,475. 

Another breeder who has been in the business ten years is J. W. Breedlove, 

of LaBelle. This gentleman has produced 400 hogs which have sold for $8,000. 
J. R. Young, of Richards, Missouri, 

has produced 350 hogs in seven years 

which have brought him $22,000. Five of 

his best hogs sold for $5,135. 

Other successful breeders of Poland- 
China swine in Missouri are, T. W. 

Herbst, A. T. Grimes, E. W. Wallen, E. C. 

Branch, Sensintaffer Brothers, C. A. Gries- 

enauer, Samuel Taylor, I. A. Novinger, E. 

E. Faires, E. H. Rodgers, W. B. Windsor, 

E. A. Hofstatler, D. D. Updike, R. W. Tay- 
lor, Burks & Brothers, Walter J. Sims, D. 

W. B. Kurtz, C. W. Stewart, T. G. Phelps, 

D. F. Risk, L. W. Monsees & Sons, Nelson 

Cole and J. E. Summers. 

The famous blue-grass pastures of 
Berkshire swine. Missouri have ci-eated a demand for a 

grazing hog. Breeders of Berkshires 

claim that their favorites are the most 

successful grazing animals among all the 

breeds of domestic swine. Certain it is 

that wherever they have been tried they 

have given great satisfaction to their own- 
ers. Missouri enjoys the distinction of 

having one of the most famous Berkshire 

breeders in America. N. H. Gentry, of Se- 

dalia, has successfully shown at the great- 
est fairs in the world and has perhaps 

sold more high-priced Berkshire hogs 

than any contemporary breeder. At the 



ex MCDONALD, KING 
SADDLE STALLIONS. 




LIVE STOCK. 



123 




Columbian Exposition Mr. Gentry won ten of the eighteen first prizes offered. 
Two other first prizes were won by a boar of Mr. Gentry's breeding, and five 
other firsts were won by this distinguished breeder. At the World's Fair at New 

Orleans, Louisiana, in 
1885, the Gentry Berk- 
shires won all the first 
prizes offered on Berk- 
shires, and also a $250 
gold medal for the best 
herd of any age or 
breed. In 1903, 102 
Berkshires were sold 
from this herd for $9,- 
915. Stock from this 
JEKSEYS— KOLLo OLIVER, DEARBORN. herd has been used in 

nearly every Berkshire 
held of prominence in the United States and Canada. Shipments at different 
times have been made to foreign countries, including British West Indies, Cuba, 
and South America. It is generally conceded that Mr. Gentry has better bred 
Berkshires than have ever been imported from the old country. The Breeders' 
Gazette some years ago said that the history of the breed afforded no parallel to 
the success accomplished by this breeder in the improvement of the Berkshire 
breed. Lord Premier, for which $1,500 has been refused, is the greatest Berk- 
shire boar living. He, his sire, his grandsire (the great Longfellow) were all 
bred at Wood Dale, the Gentry farm. 

Other good breeders of Berkshires are Harris & McMahan, .June K. King, 
John Morris, Evon Davies, E. C. Larch, James Price, Joseph Quesollo, P. A. Scott, 
William Brisky, and J. 
H. Riley. 

No breed of hogs 
has increased so rap- 
idly in favor among 
Missouri stockmen as 
the Duroc- Jersey. This 
breed is prized particu- 
larly because of its 
great hardiness and 
prolificacy. Ten years 
ago the Duroc-Jersey 
was rarely found in the 
State. To-day there are 
more than 100 breeders, 
thus ranking next to 
Poland-Chinas in num 
bers in the State. 

S. Y. Thornton hab 
been breeding Duroc- 
Jerseys for nine years. 
In that time 602 ani- 
mals have been sold for 
$13,000. During the 
three years 412 head 
have sold for $9,312. 
The picture accompa- 
nying this article shows four of Mr. Thornton's sows which together produced 
sixty-five pigs. 

J. D. Stephenson has sold $10,000 worth of Duroc-Jerseys in nine years. 
Other men who breed Duroc-Jerseys are W. L. Addy, J. D. Stevenson, Harry 
Sneed, E. McFarland Bros., W. A. Mustain, C. Folgate, T. F. Johnston, A. F. 



SADDLE IIOKSE B. R. MIDDLETON, MEXICO. 



Has won the 
prizes. 



first 



Duroc-Jersev swine. 




124 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Sheep. 



Climate, soil and 
water adapt 
Missouri to 
sheep raising. 



The State's well- 
deserved fame. 



SHOKTHOKNS SAM'OKU SMITH, CAKTIIAGE. 

Russell, J. C. Woodburn, D. L. Zumbro, S. G. Richards, Joseph Gibson and J. L. 
Condron. 

The business of breeding and feeding sheep is rapidly growing in this State. 
At the present time Missouri has a larger number of sheep than any adjoining 
State except Kentucky. Some of the most famous breeders of Merino sheep in 
America are located in Missouri. At the Columbian Exposition, L. E. Shattuclv, 
of Stanberry, took more first prizes than any other breeder. The Shattuck 
flock is now owned and successfully bred by E. B. Wilson, of Stanberry. The 
Bothwells, of Breckenridge, have been remarkably successful in the production 
of high-class Rambouillet sheep. Shropshire sheep are bred by S. F. Huntsman, 
of Cairo; W. L. Smithy, Strother; Joseph Miller, of Granger; J. W. Boles, of 
Auxvasse; A. A. Alexander, Houstonia; I. H. Blood, Peru; E. C. Crouch, Blue 
Springs; L. N. Callison, Jamesport; H. Nance, Civil Bend; F. P. Paradise, Brook- 
field; M. P. DeWitt, Reger; E. W. Garrett, Sutherland; Grimes & Wilson, Monroe 
City; and H. C. Taylor, of Coping. Approximately 200 men in this State own 
registered Shropshire rams. Cotswold sheep have been successfully handled for 
twenty years by Hopson Glasscock, of Oakwood. W. E. McFarland breeds Ram- 
bouillet sheep at Paris. 

The climate, soil and good water render Missouri particularly adapted for 
the production of high-class sheep and, with the present rapidly increasing num- 
bers, it will be but a short time when Missouri will rank with the best sheep 

States in the Union. There 
are large areas of land in 
south Missouri that can be 
successfully used for the pro- 
duction of sheep. 

Much interest has been 
shown in the past two years 
in the breeding of goats. 
There are now in the State 
more than 31,000 head. These 
goats have been used on land 
where other live stock could 
not subsist. In many cases 
they have been successfully 
employed for the destruction 
of brush and weeds on pas- 
tures otherwise worthless. 
Missouri has won fame for her fiocks and herds. Her people are by nature 
and training lovers of good stock. The State is located admirably for live stock 
growing. No other state surpasses it now and the splendid showing of its pure- 
bred animals points to its continued pre-eminence. 




KUSK HJLL IIEKU OF DUKOC-JERSEY SWINE- 
S. Y. THORNTON, BLACKWATER. 




ISSOURI leads all the United States in 

horticulture. During the last fifteen 

years there has been an increase of 

300 per cent in the number of apple 

trees in Missouri. The State now has 

25,000,000 apple trees, a third more than any other State in 

the federal union. The Missouri apple has international 

renown. 

In peaches as in apples Missouri is first. The greatest 
acreage of peach orchards of any State is possessed by Mis- 
souri. A full crop yields $4,500,000. 
The center of the strawberry region is in Missouri. Two 
thousand car loads of strawberries are shipped annually from 
the State. In a single year the berry crop aggregates $3,500,000. 

The largest orchard in the world is in Missouri. The largest 
nurseries in the world are in Missouri. No other State has so 
large a fruit acreage. Twenty million dollars is the value of 
the State's fruit crop. 

The best fruit land in the world, the loess formation, is in 
Missouri. The red lands of the Ozarks, ideal subsoil, are 
scarcely second in value. 
The fruit lands are inexhaustible. There is an apple tree in Mis- 
souri 90 years old, 10 1-2 feet in circumference. There is a peach tree 
in Missouri 54 years old, 7 1-2 feet in circumference. There is a grape 
vine in Missouri 120 years old, 2 1-2 feet in circumference. All are bear- 
ing fruit. 

The largest variety of wild crab apple in the world is in Missouri, 9 
inches in circumference. Missouri has raised apples weighing 30 



120 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



A thira 
move ,ipi> 
than .iiiv 
State. 



f trees 
>tlier 




AIMM.I-; TKKKS T.Y COUNTIKS, EXPRESSEO 
IN THOUSANDS. 



ounces and measuring IS 1-4 inches, peaches 13 1-2 inches in circumference, pears 
weighing two pounds and strawberries S 1-4 inches in circumference, and the 
quality is in proportion to the size. 

The fruit yield is unexcelled. From one tree in a single year have come 110 
bushels of apples, from one tree 610 boxes of cherries, from one tree 35 bushels 
of peaches, from one wild grape vine 1,000 pounds of grapes. 

J?ia^ra.?7t jkou/m^ i/ie nic/nder of Frud Trees m rke 5laie. 



/ru^ Trees 

in 

Millions 


ye<z7'6 yS90 fo :fSO^, znc^uszv'e 


fS90 


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/S93 


f89^ 


fSPS 


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/S97 


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my 


fi^ez 


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20 




















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The largest number of varieties of good winter apples and the largest num- 
li^r of varieties of grapes have originated in Missouri. 

Forty dollars an acre every year for twenty years is the average of a Holt 
county orchanl. Two hundred dollars an acre from 5-year-old trees is the re- 
turn from a McDonald county orchard. Jackson county strawberry yi'^ld was 
$1,210 an acre and from Buchanan county raspberries $470 an acre. 



TlOin K ULTUUK. 



T27 



Provision for tlio teaching of horli(Millin(> Ims kciil pace with llie ,s;rovvlli 
of the fruit industry. The Missouri Stale HorlicuKural Society is the largest 




FAHM AND OKCJIAUl), GASCOXAniC (OUiNTY. 



and bosi in Aniorica. I^ocal societies are numerous and llourishine-. The Mis- 



(jicatcst acreage ot 
peach trees ot 

souri IJotanical Garden in SI. iiOiiis, founded by Henry Shaw, is of world-wide ,„^, 5^.,^^. 
fame. The department of liorliculture in the Missouri Agricultural College is of 




MISSOUIU 

MOTANICAI, (iAi;i>i:N 
( SIIAW'S 
(lAHDlON), 
ST. LOUIS. 



128 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Center of the 

strawberry region 
of the world. 



Best truit land on 
earth. 




PEACH lliLtS Ul' tOUiNTli,S, EXPilhSSi-D 
IN THOUSANDS. 



the highest excellence while at Mountain Grove is maintained by the Stale the 

Originates many Only exclusive Fruit Experiment Station in the federal union. Thirty thousand 

varieties of fruit, fruit growers are to be found in Missouri and fruit is profitably produced in 

every county in the commonwealth. 

The natural resources of Missouri favor great horticultural development, 

undulating surface, variety of 
soil formation, medium climate, 
well distributed rainfall and cen- 
tral geographical location all 
contribute toward unsurpassed 
horticultural advantages. 

The Mississippi River on the 
east and the Missouri which in- 
tersects the State from the 
northwest to its east central 
border, together with their trib- 
utaries afford unexcelled facili- 
ties for both water drainage and 
atmospheric drainage. Horticul- 
tural products thrive only upon 
soils which have good water 
drainage, so they will work 
easily in spi'ing and in which the 
plants may root deeply. Atmos- 
pheric drainage is of equal im- 
NURSERY. portance, so the cool, heavy at- 

mosphere may drain off at night, 

leaving the plants free from danger of frosts. 

From the Missouri river northward the land is of glacial formation, being 

rich clay loam, which is for the most part sufficiently undulating to be adapted 




HORTICULTURE. 



129 



1 




-m 


mm^MMnMM 


[_^,^jM^ 


^^#g^ 






wk^^M 


&*-„,^ 



AI'PLES KEADY FOR COLD STORAGE, LACLEDE COUNTY. 



to a great variety of crops. In the southern half of the State the Ozark uplift 
presents an immense area, nearly all of which is adapted to fruit growing. 
Along the two 
great rivers are 
fringes of the 
loess soil, a silt- 
like deposit, 
which lies in a 
strip from one to 
twenty miles 
wide. This latter 
formation is the 
finest fruit soil in 
the world. While 
usually of broken 
and forbidding 
surface, it is ex- 
ceedingly fertile, 
remarkably homo- 
geneous to a great 
depth, perfectly 

drained and adapted to the growth of all kinds of horticultural plants. In it 
the forest trees often root to a depth of twenty to thirty feet. Orchard trees 

partake of this same 
habit of growth and 
are remarkably produc- 
tive in this soil. In the 
southeast there is an 
extensive alluvial de- 
posit which, where well 
drained, produces im- 
mense crops of small 
fruits and vegetables. 

The moderate cli- 
mate of the State fa- 
vors the growth of a 
great diversity o f 
horticultural products. 
The native flora em- 
braces both northern 
and southern plants as 
well as both eastern and western species. In this central position, with a large 
variety of soil, the State combines conditions that favor the natural growth of 
plant families of other sections of the country. 
Here the wild flora of the different sections 
seems to blend together and overlap. The na- 
tive wild crab and June berry, capable of en- 
during the rigors of a northern winter, flour- 
ish here in the same woods with the more 
southern pawpaw and persimmon. Among 
grapes, the northern, southern, eastern and 
western species and their cultivated varieties 
thrive. Missouri vineyards are planted to the qj^ the Missouri horticultural 

various varieties that have sprung from the grounds, Columbia. 

native species of other sections as well as from 

those that are indigenous to the central west. The Soulard crab, the most 
promising native American apple (which is possibly a hybrid between our native 
wild crab and the apple introduced from Europe) was brought to hortimltural 




ON A fruit farm, WEBSTER COUNTY. 



Forty dollars an 
acre from one 
orchard annually 
for twenty years. 



Horticulture taught 
by the State. 




130 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Natural resources 
favor great 
horticultural 
development. 



Excellent drainage 
everywhere. 



Formation of the 
land conduces to 
fruit culture. 



Loess soil une- 
qualled in the 
world. 



Moderate climate 
favors growth of 
great diversity of 
fruit. 




PACKING PEACHES, WKIUUT COUNTY. 



notice in Missouri. Among our native plums, the northern American species 
and Che southern Chickasaw plums blend together in our woods and cultivated 
representatives of both species are 
of importance in the Missouri 
orchards. The sand plum and the 
sand cherry, both natives to the 
semi-arid section of the west, also 
thrive with luxuriance in this 
State. The wide range of adapta- 
tion of Missouri soil and climate 
to varied groups of native plants is 
of horticultural significance, not so 
much on account of the economic 
value of some of these native spe- 
cies, but because it proves that the 
State is adapted to the growth of a 
great variety of horticultural products. 

Rainfall is sufficient and well distributed for the best orcharding. The 
average, approximately forty inches, is abundant and the distribution through- 
out the growing season is unusually favorable. The months of April, May, 

June and July show the most 
abundant rainfall, an average of 
five inches for each of these four 
months. This is the season of the 
most abundant wood and leaf 
growth of fruit trees and conse- 
quently the time when they re- 
quire the greatest amount of 
water. The months of August, 
September and October show a de- 
crease in the amount of the rain- 
fall which is favorable to the 
ripening and maturing of the 
wood of the trees so as to ena- 
ble them to withstand the coming winter. While the rainfall is ample and well 
distributed the percentage of sunny days is high. During August, September 
and October especially, 
when most of the fruit 
is maturing, the aver- 
age amount of bright 
sunlight is considera- 
bly higher than in 
other fruit States. The 
intense sunlight and 
the proximity to airy 
prairies are important 
factors o f Missouri 
fruit growing and may 
also account in part at 
least, for the compara- 
tive freedom from 
many of the fungous 
diseases which are 
known to thrive best in 
a moist, cloudy atmos- 
phere. 

Missouri's central position is favorable to the marketing of her horticultural 
products. Perishable fruits like berries and peaches are sent to almost all of 
the princiiial markets oast of I ho Rocljy Mountains while the Missouri apple is 




PEACH ORCHARD, OZARK COUNTY. 




CLEARING FOR PLANTING IN THE OZARKS. 



HORTICULTURE. 



131 




BOX OF MISSOURI STRAWBERRIES. 



capable of reaching practically all the great markets of the world. This ability 
to ship in all directions is of especial advantage in disposing of perishable 
products. It not only gives easy access to a larger number of markets but it 

affords opportunity for a 
choice of market, providing 
there is an over supply in any 
section. Perishable fruits go 
west to Denver, Omaha and 
Sioux City; north to Minne- 
apolis, St. Paul and Detroit; 
east to Buffalo, New York, 
Philadelphia and Baltimore; 
and south to Birmingham, 
Mobile, New Orleans and Gal- 
veston, as well as to all in- 
tervening cities of impor- 
tance. The strawberry, for 
example, is first sent north, 
east or west, depending upon 
the best demand, and toward the close of the season it is shipped south, after 
the southern crop has passed. The State also lies just at the eastern gateway 
to the grain-growing, grazing and mining districts of the west and northwest. 
Many of these districts, while rich in other interests, do not produce fruit enough 
for home consumption and they offer a growing market for Missouri products. 
The apple, which is less perishable, is shipped wherever there is a scarcity of 
this fruit. Easy railroad connection with the Gulf ports affords convenient ship- 
ment to the populous European countries, where there is a rapidly growing 
demand for American apples. In population and wealth Missouri is the fifth 
State in the Union. She has 

numerous large cities, which are - -r—-^- , 

rapidly growing. Her mining 
interests, especially in coal, iron, 
lead and zinc, are large. Her 
fertile soil and other natural 
resources maintain a large, and 
will maintain a larger popula- 
tion. This gives an unexcelled 
local market for all horticultural 
products. 

N o more wonderful yet 
easily explainable growth in the 
imperial west can be shown 
than in the progress of horticul- 
ture in Missouri. In 1880 
Missouri was the tenth fruit 
State, in 1890 the fifth and 
now the first. In Missouri 
orchards in 1900, were over 20,- 
000,000 apple trees. Now there 
are 25,000,000. New York stands 
next with about 15,000,000, 
Illinois third, having over 
1.3,000,000 trees. Ohio comes 
fourth with nearly 13,000,000. 
Missouri's enormous apple or- 
chard area is for the most part 
of comparatively recent plant- 
ing. In 1890 this State had only 



Fruits from north 
and south 
flourish. 




Rainfldl sufficient 
and well distrib- 
uted. 



Percentage of sunny 
days high. 




RALI.S COITNTV APPLKS .T. O. ALLISON. 



132 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Sun and rain bring 
great fruit crops. 



Central position 
favorable to 
marketing. 



Enormous growth 
of fruit tree 
acreage in recent 
years. 



Most successful 
varieties of apples. 




STARK BROTHERS NURSERY, PIKE COUNTY- 
LARGEST IN THE WORLD. 



two-fifths of its present number of apple trees in orchard, or about 8,000,000. 
This shows an increase of 12,000,000 trees or 150 per cent for the decade, a 
growth in this industry 
such as has not been 
approached by any 
other State. The States 
which, next to Mis- 
souri, show the largest 
increase in apple or- 
chards for the decade, 
are Illinois, Kansas, 
and Arkansas, in the 
order named. This 
shows that Missouri is 
now the center of ac- 
tivity in apple growing 
which is shifting from the older States to the middle west. 

Since 1900 apple planting in Missouri has continued to increase with acceler- 
ating rapidity; well trained business men are planting apple orchards as a com- 
mercial investment; professional men are investing their savings in apple 
orchards; large companies are being formed and immense areas are being 

planted out, under the su- 
pervision of salaried su- 
perintendents; farmers are 
planting large apple or- 
chards as one of the most 
important phases of gen- 
eral agriculture. Orchards 
numbering thousands of 
acres are not uncommon 
in the State and those 
numbering hundreds of 
acres are of frequent oc- 
currence. Yet not one 
hundredth part of the 
land adapted to apple 
growing is utilized. 
The most successful apples in Missouri are: Early — Yellow Transparent, 
Early Harvest, Red June, Benoni, Early Pennock, Duchess, Lowell; Fall — Maiden 
Blush, Wealthy, Jefferies, Grimes Golden, Jonathan, Rome Beauty; "Winter — 
Gano, \Vinesap, York, Black Twig, Ingram, White Winter Pippin, Huntsman, Ben 
Davis. 

Missouri has not yet reached the highest mark in apple production. This 
is because her orchards are young. Less than half the apple trees in the State 




?ERRY COUNTY VINEYARD. 



Leads the world in 
apples. 



Center of activity 
in apple growing. 




HOWELL COUNTY VINEYARD. 



are old enough to bear fruit and only a small proportion of them have reached 
full bearing age. When the trees now planted rome into full bearing Missouri 



HORTICULTURE. 



133 




IJS A COOPEE COUNTY OBCHARD — W. H. H. STEPHENS. 



will undoubtedly take first rank in apple production which rank she has already 

taken in the number of her trees. 

Among Missouri fruits the peach ranks next to the apple in importance. The 

Ozark region particularly is famous the country over for its peaches, and Mis- 
souri is the leading 
State in peach grow- 
ing. Peach orchards 
comprising hundreds of 
acres are common in 
the southern part of the 
State. The red clay 
soil, mixed with gravel, 
in the Ozarks and the 
loess soil along the two 
great rivers are the 
principal peach soils of 
the State. Missouri 
peach orchards are re- 
markably free from se- 
rious diseases, such as 
yellows, rosette and lit- 
tle peach, which have 

often been so disastrous to the industry in some of the older States. 

The best varieties of peaches in Missouri are the Mountain Rose, Champion, 

Carmen, Family Favorite, Elberta, Old Mlxon freestone and clingstone, Pickett's 

Late, Wheatland, Salway, Wilkins, Bonanza and Henrietta. 

The berries rank third in horticultural importance. Berry growing is most 

extensively developed in the vicinity of the large cities and in special localities 

from which the product is shipped to other States. For local consumption, how- 
ever, berries are successfully grown in every county in the State. Missouri 

berries are shipped to all 

the principal markets east 

of the Rocky Mountains. 

Southwest Missouri is one 

of the largest berry-grow- 
ing districts in the United 

States. A number of towns 

ship several hundred car 

loads each season. Among 

these are Neosho, Sarcoxie, 

Pierce City, Monett, Ma- 

rionville. West Plains and 

Olden. Each car load 

makes about 600 crates 

and sells at $600 to $1,000 

a car. In some instances 

sales from Missouri berry apple orchard ten years old, saline couni 

plantations amount to $300 to $500 an acre, but $100 to $200 is a. good average 

yield. Among the best varieties are the Crescent, Warfield, Aroma, Parker 

Earle, Bubach and Haviland strawberries; the 
Hopkins, Ohio, Kansas, Evans and Cumberland 
black raspberries; the Cuthbert, Thwack, Lowden 
and Miller red raspberries; the Early Harvest, 
Snyder and Taylor blackberries; and the Lucretia 
dewberry. 

Grape growing is developed to an impor- 
tant degree along the river hills and in many 



Apple growing as a 
business invest- 



Peach growing next 
in importance to 
apple growing. 



Young orchards 
and their future. 





Best varieties of 
peaches. 



TRAIN LOAD OF PEACHES ON FRISCO RAILROAD. 



134 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Cherries a most 
profitable crop. 




HAULING PEACHES TO THE RAILROAD. 



sections of the Ozark region. Hermann, on tlie Missouri river, is noted for 
extensive wine malving. 
Grape growing No better grape soil can be found than the loess hills of the Missouri river, 

important. Missourl occupies an enviable position 

with regard to the introduction of new 
varieties of berries and grapes. Among those 
who have added to the world's wealth of fruit 
in this way are Herman Jeager, of Neosho; 
Jacob Rommell, of Morrison; Samuel Miller, 
of Bluff ton; J. C. Evans, of Harlem, and the 
late George Hussman, of Columbia. 

The cherry, though not as yet largely 
grown in Missouri, is a most profitable crop 
from the Missouri rivsr northward. Among 
the best varieties are the Richmond, Ostheim, 
English Morello, Dyhouse, Montmorency and 
Wragg. 
The nursery interests of the State are developed in keeping with the large 
fruit-growing industry. The most extensive nursery in the United States has 

Its headquarters in this 
State, with branches in 
the east and south. 
Millions of young trees 
are annually grown by 
this firm alone and 
sent to various parts 
of the world. One of 
the important interests 
is growing stocks, re- 
sistant of some of the 
diseases that are pre- 
valent In some of the 
older fruit-growing 
countries. 
The growing of cut flowers near the large cities, has reached important 
proportions in recent years. The rose, carnation, violet and bulbous plants take 
An acre of berries *^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ industry. The large percentage of sunny days in winter, com- 
yielding five bined With the mild climate, give the State an important advantage over the 

hundred dollars. Atlantic states for growing winter-forced plants under glass. St. Louis is one 
of the leading centers of the country for growing and distributing greenhouse 
and hot-bed plants. 

The vegetable growing 
industry is of importance, 
especially in the vicinity 
of the large cities and in 
special localities. South- 
Vegetable growing east Missouri ships im- 

a large industry. .... . , 

^ ' mense quantities of mel- 

ons. Tomatoes are largely 




APPLE ORCHARD SIX YEARS OLD, LAWRENCE COUNTY. 






PICKING STRAWBERRIES, NEWTON COUNTY. 



grown for shipping and 
for canning, especially in 

southwest Missouri. This is an important auxiliary to peach growing, the 
tomato often being grown between young peach trees, where it pays for the cul- 
tivation of the orchard until it comes into bearing. 

The value of Missouri orchards reaches $30,000,000 for apples, $10,000,000 
for peaches, $3,000,000 for other fruits, and at least $5,000,000 for the berry and 



HORTICULTURE. 



135 




APPLE ORCIIAP.U !■ JVE YEARS OLD, DENT COUNTY. 




grape plantations. A 
full crop is worth $20,- 
000,000. In three years 
this will be increased 
50 per cent because the 
younger trees will have 
come into bearing. The 
floral and greenhouse 
interests aggregate $2,- 
000,000, the vegetable 
truck gardens $3,000,- 
000, and the nursery in- 
terests $4,000,000. 

The widespread ex- 
tension of cold storage takes care of apple and other fruit crops, keeping prices 
uniform. Canning factories, evaporators, and cider mills are being built in 
many towns. 

The Missouri State Horticultural Society was organized forty-six years ago, 
for the promotion of horticultural work in the State. Its influence has been far- 
reaching in developing 
Missouri horticulture. 
Some of the largest 
fruit growers and most 
prominent horticultur- 
ists of the country have 
from time to time beeen 
identifled w it h the 
work of this organiza- 
tion. Its annual re- 
ports contain the most strawhekry fields at logan, lawrence county. 

valuable data extant, concerning the history and development of the fruit-grow- 
ing industry of Missouri. The Missouri Botanical Garden, at St. Louis, being of 
international influence and 
importance, can not fail, 
with its splendid equipment, 
to lend an especially 
strengthening influence to 
the horticulture of the State 
in which it is located. The 
State University, at Colum- 
bia, maintains a college ot 
agriculture and agricultural 
experiment station in which 
horticultural instruction 
and horticultural investiga- 
tions are carried on. Some 
of the departments of pure 
science, particularly botany, 
entomology, and chemistry, 
carry on investigations hav- 
ing a direct horticultural bearing. The State Fruit Experiment Sta- 
tion, at Mountain Grove, is located in one of the representative fruit sections of 
the Ozark region. Its work deals with the practical and scientific problems that 
confront the fruit grower and horticulturist. On account of the scope 
and quality of the work done in this station, the horticultural interests of 
the State are greatly strengthened. The Normal Schools of the State main- 
tain departments of agriculture. In these departments the teachers of the 



PICKING PEACHES, TEXAS COUNTY. 



Largest nurseries in 
the world. 



Missouri State 
Horticultural 
Society and its 
splendid work. 




136 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Fruit experiment 
station only one 
in the United 
States. 



Va'ue of Missouri's 
investment in 
fruit. 



Abundant oppor- 
tunity for large 
horticultural 
development. 




Al'l'LE UKCllAKl) I- L\ L VKAl.s OLD, iJULLiLAS LUUMV. 



State receive i n - 
struction in nature 
study and school 
gardening as well as 
in general agricul- 
ture. This is a 
unique feature in 
normal school work. 
Many teachers in 
the public schools 
of the State give in- 
struction in agriculture, which bears more or less directly upon horticultural 
interests. 

While horticulture is already one of the leading industries of Missouri, the 
limit of the possibili- 
ties of the State in 
that direction has not 
as yet been even ap- 
proached. Only a small 
part of the area natur- 
ally well adapted to 
fruit growing and gar- 
dening has as yet been 
developed. Lands that apple okchakd, i>ALLAh cul.mv. 

are adapted to fruit growing are cheaper in proportion to their intrinsic value 
than in most other fruit sections. In recent years, however, steps in advance 
are rapidly being taken along horticultural lines. The best growers no longer 
cling to ancient traditions and obsolete practices, but are evolving methods 

adapted to the new con- 





■ <^^t^fS^^^^g^^-'^'' 



ditions of the west. 
Capitalists of exten- 
sive business training 
are investing in orch- 
ards and their business 
ability, combined with 
the skill of the prac- 
tical grower, is result- 
ing in better marketing 
and in better manage- 
ment of the industry. 
New varieties, better adapted to local conditions, are being originated. The 
horticultural interests of the State, already large, bid fair to assume enormous 
proportions. 




BUTTEKFIELU iNUKSLKV, !• AKAlliMjlU.N , OA Iii£. iKUi\' 
MOUNTAIN BAILKOAD. 




HOME OF A MISSOURI HORTICULTURIST. 




ISSOURI is a dai- 
ry State. Its cli- 
mate, soil, situa- 
tion with refer- 
ence to the great 
markets, give proof that it will be even greater 
as a dairy State. In no State in the Federal 
Union are natural conditions so favorable for dai- 
rying. The most valuable or highest-priced ingredient 
in milk is butter fat. A cow, highly organized and 
sensitive, is readily affected by physical conditions. A 
cold, disagreeable climate and a warm enervating 
climate are alike hurtful. In neither can dairying 
succeed as well as in a more temperate region. 
Missouri is a dairy State because of its favorable 
'climate. During its long summers and its short 
winters, a cow requires less reserve force to protect 
her, consequently can use her energy to the manu- 
facture of milk. Missouri is well calculated for dairying because of its abun- 
dance of good water at all seasons of the year. In many sections of the State 
there are springs that furnish water and at the same time are valuable in 
handling milk by reducing temperature. In connection and in addition to cli- 
mate and water is the question of feed. Here Missouri occupies an enviable 
position. There is no cow feed raised that can not be produced in this State. 
All of those products of the soil that go to make a large quantity and a good 
quality of milk are either being produced now or can be if desired. The luxuri- 
ant growth of grass is the finest in the world, more especially blue grass, which 
is of the greatest abundance all over the State, and makes an early pasture and 
lasts until late in the season, providing the dairy cow with such food as she 
needs for an abundant production of good rich milk. Large quantities of alfalfa 
are grown. This is valuable not only for its merit as cow feed, but because of 
the immense quantity that can be produced in one season. Two or three crops 
can be grown in one year and a large quantity per acre. Cowpeas grow luxuri- 

137 



Missouri 
State. 



dair 



Because of its 
favorable climate 



Because of its 
abundance of 
good water. 



Because of its 
variety of cow 
feed. 



138 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




DAIRY BARN, MARSHALL GORDON, COLUMBIA. 



Well located with 
reference to 
profitable mar- 
kets. 



In itself a great 
market for dairy 
products. 



Fifteen million 
dollars of dairy 
product. 



antly. Kafir corn and sugar cane are products of this State. All are valuable 
as cow feed. The most valuable and high-priced butter is June butter, butter 
with a grass flavor, a fresh taste and a good rich color. The long-continued 
grass season in Missouri, including the rich fall pastures, enables Missouri to 
make more of the June butter than other States. 

The State is well located with reference to dairy markets. In the southwest 
dairying is impracticable. Missouri is near to this great and growing market. 
The south, southwest and portions of the west, where conditions are unfavor- 
able to profitable dairying, are nearest to the Missouri market. This gives ad- 
vantage in cost of ti'ansportation and in quickness of delivery. 

Missouri is in itself a great market for its dairy products. A much larger 
output, if available, of dairy products would be consumed within the State. Mis- 
souri had in 1899, according to the federal census, 755,336 cows. The value of 
their output was $15,420,300 or an average of $19.66 a head. To-day there are at 
least 800,000 cows in Missouri with an average production of $21.00 a head. 
These cows would produce in milk 320,000,000 gallons and in butter 32,000,000 
pounds. Missouri consumes 112,500,000 pounds of butter and 4,000,000 pounds 
of cheese annually. These figures show how large a market yet unsupplied there 
exists for Missouri butter in Missouri. 

Of Che $15,000,000 of dairy product produced in 1899 on Missouri farms, 
nearly $10,000,000 was consumed on the farm, leaving little over $5,000,000 to be 
sold. This shows prominently the local market advantage. The dairyman of 




SKIM MILK CALVES, HENRY LOGAN, PETTIS COUNTY. 



DAIRYING. 



139 



Missouri has the inestimable advantage of being close to a market that will 
consume all his output. He may sell all his dairy product at his barn door. 

Much has been done of late to develop interest in dairying in this State. 
The Missouri State Dairy Association, probably the largest association of its 
kind in the United States, the creameries recently established and the dairy work 
in the Missouri Agricultural College have stimulated dairying. In addition 
there is no question but the plan of handling milk on the farm, through the 
medium of hand separators, is bringing to bear a strong pressure towards the 



Missouri State 
Dairy Association 
largest in the 
United States. 




DAIRY BARN, E. C. UAMEKOA, CLAKKSVILLE, I'lKE COUNTY. 



rapid development of dairying in Missouri. By the use of a hand separator not 
only much expense and labor is eliminated but a decided increase in value is 
given to that part of the milk which is left at home. The butter fat can be sold 
at a good price and the 
skimmed milk fed to calves 
and pigs. More money is thus 
made at less trouble. The 
dairymen need not patronize 
any particular creamery or 
skimming station or cheese 
factory for it is possible, un- 
der this new plan, to ship 
cream to any of a dozen mar- 
kets. This profitable change 
has been the cause of a trans- 
formation in the business 
and a strong increase of sen- 
timent for dairying. 

The Blue Valley Cream- 
ery in St. Joseph, which was uutter iiAKi.Nc in a city plant. 
established in 1901, manufactures only pure creamery butter and is the only one 
of the large factories probably, in the west, that does not handle some other prod- 
uct in connection with the manufacture of butter. It is supposed to be the larg- 
est exclusive pure creamery butter factory in the world, and although only two 
years old, has an annual output of about six and a fourth million pounds, sold 
largely direct to the consumer. The butter is made of separated cream prepared 



Transformation 
the business. 




Largest exclusive 
pure creamery 
butter factory. 



140 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



cheese factories 
in operation. 



Records of 

individual cows. 




JERSEY HERD, SETTLES & SETTLES, PALMYRA. 



on the farm and shipped from ten to four hundred miles. This butter grades as 
extras when shipped to the New York market and stands high in markets 
where it is sold. The number of patrons of this creamery is about 4,500. 

Tee Appleton City Cheese Company, at Appleton City, established in 1885, 
operates all year, has sixty patrons, and handles 1,713,082 pounds of milk. Out 
of this was made 164,614 pounds of cheese, one-third shipped out of the State. 

L. H. Smith, at Ravenna, has a cheese factory which was established in 
1897. He operates it seven months each year. He had last year forty patrons; 
bought 407,889 pounds of milk, made 42,071 pounds of cheese, and sold about 
one-eighth of the amount locally. 

The Model Cheese Company, in Caldwell county, south of Cameron, was es- 
tablished in 1900; oper- 
ates the entire year; 
had twenty-three pat- 
rons last year; handled 
739,670 pounds of milk 
and made 71,931 pounds 
of cheese, 1,200 pounds 
of which was sold local- 
ly and the remaining 
amount shipped to Kan- 
sas City. 

John Hiatt, of Polo, 

owns and operates a 

cheese factory that was 

established in 1901. He 

operates it the entire 

year; had last year 

thirty-five patrons and 

bought 270,000 pounds 

of milk; made about 7,900 pounds of cheese; sold 2,400 pounds of it locally, 

the rest in different parts of the State, except about 600 pounds which was sold 

outside. 

R. T. McCaskey, at Altamont, has a cheese factory, established in 1897, and 
operated twelve months in the year. Last year he had fifty-two patrons; handled 

1,080,000 pounds of milk, and made 108,000 
pounds of cheese. 

There are in active operation in Missouri 
fifty creameries, twenty-nine cheese factories, 
and twenty skimming stations, which are ad- 
juncts to the creameries in operation. 

There are some remarkable records of in- 
dividual cows and herds of cows in the State 
of Missouri. No better evidence of the adapta- 
bility of this country for doing a dairy busi- 
ness exists than these records. The figures 
refer to a single year's product. 

C. J. Oswald, of Asbury, reports that he 
has a cow in his herd, which is a mixed herd of, 
what he regards, the ordinary scrub cow, that during the flush, or for several 
months after lactation, gave from 45 to 50 pounds of milk a day that tested 
six per cent butter fat. This is a remarkable record and would do justice to 
a special dairy cow, thoroughbred, and intended for dairying alone. 

D. P. Daniels & Son, of Vandalia, have twelve cows, mixed Guernsey and 
Jersey, which produced $828 worth of material. With the exception of a little 
used at home, this was made into butter and sold. 

W. W. Belford, of 1826 Wall street, Joplin, reports nine cows, mixed breed, 
that were milked on an average of eleven months during the year, and milk 
was sold from these cows for $1,000. 




SKIMMING STATION, LINN CO. 



DAIRYING. 



141 



THE 

SEPARATOR 

THAT 

MAKES 

DAIBYINQ 

DIFFERENT. 



J. A. Humphrey, of Marshall, milked from 50 to 63 cows and sold the product 
for $4,876.50. 

E. & E. J. Hosmer, of Marshfield, milked 71 cows, mixture Shorthorn and 
Jersey. These cows averaged over 340 pounds of butter which was sold for 
23 cents a pound. One cow produced over 560 pounds. 

A. J. Girdner, of Princeton, who milks thirty cows, sold his calves, which 
were fed on separator skimmed milk, for $22 a head. 

As an evidence of the value of skimmed milk to feed pigs, G. E. Taylor, of 
Wheeling, states that nine 
pigs, from the time they 
were three weeks old, fed 
exclusively warm milk 
from the separator, when 
105 days old averaged 
1041A pounds a head. He 
had fed them in connec- 
tion with this milk during 
that time, 15 bushels of 
corn and sold them for five 
and a half cents a pound, 
or $51.18. The corn he fed 
them cost $6.20; the rest 
was made out of something 
that is too apt to be con- 
sidered worthless. 

J. M. Smith, of Brook- 
field, milks 40 cows, mixed 
breed, and he sold their 
product for $2,400. 

'Squire Innis, of Ne- 
vada, milked 22 cows, mix- 
ed breed, and sold 11,000 
gallons of milk; 480 gal- 
lons of cream; used 350 
gallons of milk at home, 25 
gallons of cream, and 100 
pounds of butter, and fed 
50 gallons of new milk to 

his calves. Figuring the milk, cream and butter used at home the same as that 
sold, he realized from these cows $119.50 each. 

William Riehl, o f 
Potosi, milked 15 Grade 
Jerseys, 6 of them heif- 
ers and realized for the 
butter, at 23 cents a 
pound, $800. 

F. D. Hersey, o f 
Trenton, milked 12 Short- 
horns and realized for 
the product, $844.53. 

E. B. Cooper, o f 
Trenton, milked 25 reg- 
istered Jerseys, realizing 
for the product, $2,050. 
Charles A. Foster, of Trenton, milked six registered Jerseys and sold their 
product for an average of $113 from each cow. 

S. W. Coleman, of Sedalia, milked seven cows, registered Jerseys. He av- 
eraged 400 pounds of butter for each, sold it at 25 cents a pound, and the 



Sis 



LJ^^fe-- 




A MODERN DAIRY WAGON, CARTHAGE. 



Value of skimmed 
milk to feed pigs. 




Some Jersey records. 



142 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



skimmed milk fed to calves and pigs. One-half of the herd were two-year-old 
heifers. In addition to the $100 average realized for butter made from the cows, 




LEAVING CREAM AT CITY STATION. 



Figures that prove 
the story. 



he sold $850 worth of hogs. The amount of feed he bought for cows and hogs 
cost $700, which left a net profit of $850. He does this on ten acres of land, 
what is called the ideal ten-acre farm. 

George W. Koontz, of Carthage, has 31 Jersey cows, which brought $3,161.70 
for butter, most at 25 cents a pound, the remainder at 30 cents. The average 
production of these cows was 352 pounds. They realized about $102 a head, 
which is the largest average he has ever realized, although the year previous he 
made more butter per cow. In addition he had the usual profit from calves and 
pigs, which were fed on the warm, sweet skimmed milk from the separator. He 
had from this herd in 1903, 23 calves. 

J. W. Chapman, of Joplin, milked 143 cows and sold their product for 
$18,190, making an average of $127.13. A large proportion of this was sold as 
milk and the rest of it as cream. 

L. P. Dix, of Jeffer- 
son City, milked eight 
cows, Grade Jerseys, 
and averaged from their 
product $97.50. 

Mrs. Lizzie McKee- 
ver, of Richmond, has 
a herd of 12 cows, Hol- 
stein and Jersey. She 
realized from them an 
average of $87.58 each. 

M. L. Brooks, of 
Dawn, milked 24 cows. 
Grade Jerseys, and re- 
alized from them an av- 
erage of $69.70. This 
was for butter at an av- 
erage price of 23 cents 

LOADING CREAM AT IRON MOUNTAIN RAILWAY STATION. a pOIind. 




DAIRYING 



143 



l« t 8 « 



I 




BLUE VALLEY CREAMERY COMPANY, 
ST. JOSEPH. 



A strict accounting 
and what it 
shows. 



H. ,C. Goodrich, of Calhoun, milked 32 cows. He churned 331 pounds of but- 
ter per cow and used in cream and milk for the family about seven pounds per 

cow, making an average production from his entire herd 

of 338 pounds of butter. Deducting the expense of pack- 
ing and marketing, he realized 23 4-5 cents a pound, 
which amounted to $80.44 per head. He fed these cows 
$426.05 worth of bran, $54 worth of corn, $100 worth of 
silage, $270.72 worth of hay and fodder, $25 worth of 
soy beans, $105 worth of pasture, making in all $986, or 
$33.83 per head. He charged three cents a pound for 
making the butter, which amounted to $10.44 for each 
cow, and estimated 15 per cent on the money invested in 
cows to pay interest, insurance and keeping up the herd, 
which amounted to $7.50 a cow. This estimate was 
made on $50 each, which was a good strong price. He 
figured that the calves, skim milk and fertilizer would 
pay for keeping the lierd. This makes a total of all ex- 
penses connected with the business of $48.17 per head. 
This pays for every thing they ate, making the butter, and interest on the invest- 
ment and leaves a net balance of $31.90 per head. Could there be stronger ar- 
gument for dairying in 
Missouri than actual rec- 
ords? 

Fred Manley, of War- 
rensburg, fed ten hogs on 
skimmed milk and corn, 
and made them weigh 204 
pounds at 6 months and 
27 days. He fed ten others 
on corn and ground wheat 
and they only weighed 184 
pounds at 9 months and 
15 days. 

E. T. Shelpman, of 
Springfield, has 15 regis- 
JEREY — OWNED BY PER swAiNsoN, VERNON COUNTY. tered Jersey cows. He 
milked, last year, twelve. He sold from those twelve cows, $1,077.55 worth of 
cream and butter, and consumed $155.30, which made the total output from those 
twelve cows, $1,232.85. 
Mr. Shelpman e s t i - 
mates that, counting 
the returns from 
skimmed milk and 
calves, each cow be- 
longing to him brings 
him every twelve 
months, gross, $150. 

Thomas P. Em- 
mons, of Thayer, Ore- 
gon county, reports as 
a result from 20 cows 
last year, $2,054 worth 
of milk, from a mixed 
herd of cows. 

C. H. Dunlap, of 

Sedalia, reports $5,050 as the value of products from 40 head of cows last year, 
which is an average of a little over $125 each. 

To this may be added the story of Jerry, owned by Per Swainson. of Nevada, 
whose existence dales from January, 1885. This cow was a wedding present to 



How dairying pays. 




RECEIVING MILK AT ST. LOUIS DAIRY COMPANY'S PLANT. 



The record ofjerry. 



144 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Two large cream- 
eries in Kansas 
City. 



Skimming stations 
and their output. 



Tlie future of 
Missouri 
dairying. 



Mr. Swainson, and valued highly on that account as well as for the returns from 
her all these years. She is a thoroughbred Jersey. She had her first calf in 
1887; has had seventeen calves and produced 93,125 pounds of milk. The most 
of this milk has been sold in town at 20 cents a gallon; figured at this price, her 
product has been worth $2,330.40. In addition to this Mr. Swainson has sold 
$6G5 worth of calves and has nine head now, which he values at $265, which 
would make a total product of $3,260. The first year she was milked continu- 
ously; after that time she was allowed to go dry about six weeks each year. 
He made a special test of this cow for one week on ordinary feed and got about 
five gallons of milk a day that tested five per cent; figuring his milk on this 
basis, if it had been made into butter, he would have had nearly 8,000 pounds of 
butter which, at 25 cents a pound, would have brought him about $2,000. 

There are two large creameries in Kansas City, the Meriden Creamery Com- 
pany and the 0. F. Chandler & Co., which manufacture respectively probably 

about two million and a 
CHEESE MAKING, half, and a million pounds 
FRANK MOULTON, of butter. From thirteen 
cowGiLL. creameries are reported 
1,213 patrons, an average 
of 93. These creameries 

manufactured 1,211,- 

445 pounds of butter, an 
average of 93,188 pounds. 
These are probably a little 
over the average cream- 
eries. For the rest of the 
W •* 50 that are counted in the 
State, about 730,000 pounds 
of butter is reported; 25,- 
000 pounds having been 
shipped out of the State, 
which probably is an average for all the creameries, materially increases 
the deficit for supplying the demand for home consumption. These factories 
were operated the entire year and the average price paid was probably about 22 
cents a pound for butter fat. This is a very good price and will compare favor- 
ably with the price paid in the east, where dairying is carried on more ex- 
tensively. 

Twelve skimming stations report 713 patrons for last year, and have 
handled 6,968,817 pounds of milk, making an average of 580,734 pounds. A 
portion of this was shipped to be manufactured into butter and the remainder 
used for sweet cream trade in the cities and for making ice cream. 

These are some of the reasons why Missouri has a bright future as a dairy 
State. The conditions of the soil, and climate, are favorable. The market is at 
the very door. Modern methods have been introduced and there is a growing 
interest in dairying throughout the commonwealth. 








SKIM MILK PIGS. 




aOMMMMIIMl 



MMJ^'^^J^' ' ^-^M^:^^^M-^^"^^ ^ 





POULTRY 1 





M 



I SSOURI 
which, i n 
1900, was the 
third State 
among the 
United States in poultry 
production, is now the 
first. Illinois and Iowa, 
which surpassed Missou- 
ri at the time of taking 
the last census, have 
been equalled and sur- 
passed by Missouri. 
Poultry raising is general throughout the State, the climatic conditions and 
the accessible markets combining to make it profitable. The Missouri mule is 
famous. Last year the surplus products of the Missouri hen exceeded by $2,000,- 
000 the value of mules shipped out of the State. Over 60,000.000 dozen eggs were 
shipped from Missouri. If this be counted as two-fifths of the entire product — 
the other three-fifths being consumed in the State — over 150,000,000 dozen eggs 
constitute the annual product of the Missouri hen. Estimating the eggs at 10 
cents a dozen, the egg product alone of the Missouri poultry yard aggregates 
$15,000,000. No other product of the farm brings so much cash to the farmer 
or the farmer's wife. In addition to the eggs, there were shipped from Missouri 
during the last year, 85,835,750 pounds of poultry, valued at $1,285,870. Estimat- 
ing this as two-fifths of the poultry grown, 
this would amount to over 210,000,000 
pounds, valued at exceeding $3,200,000. 

County for county, Marion leads. Not 
including fancy poultry, eggs for hatching, 
nor what was consumed at home, the ship- 
ments from that county amount to $886,- 
237.45 a year, with Pettis a close second. 
Franklin county is second in egg shipments 
with a total of 2,437,650 dozen eggs, and 
Lincoln is third, with a total of 2,117,920 
dozen. The first seventeen counties in poul- 
try shipments are Marion, Pettis, Greene, 
Henry, Lincoln, Franklin, Boone, Carroll, Sullivan, Daviess, Nodaway, Grundy, 
Polk, Vernon, Macon, Ray, and Cass. 

145 
Mo. — 10 




Missouri first State 
in poultry pro- 
duction. 



Has surpassed 
Illinois and Iowa. 



Sixty million" dozen 
eggs shipped 
from the State. 



Nearly a million 
dollars in one 
year a single 
county's profit; 
from poultry. 



fe 



ANJ> «;k3ieiiai. advertiser. 



I'MMMIX, iMISSdl Itl.i >A'irKIJAV. AIGISl :l, js;>;i. 



•;^Mi ■■ i.i 1 ; ■ ; ' -. 


1M. 




ti"-. 


J,!». V ■ 


•i''-- 




pfe:; 


fe 



FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION OF FIRST PAGE OF ONE CF THE OLDEST MISSOURI NEWSPAPERS. 

146 




LEADERSHIP in manufactures depends upon the possession of raw 
materials in economic proximity, cheap and abundant fuel and food 
supply. All these Missouri has in pre-eminent degree. The raw mate- 
rial furnished by mine and field and forest, coal for fuel and the most 
fertile soil for food products combine in this commonwealth. 
Twenty-six thousand square miles of Missouri soil are underlaid with coal, 
a larger area than the coal fields of England which made that little island fore- 
most for commerce and manufacture. At the border of the State are the coal 
fields of Illinois and Arkansas. Within easy reach are the anthracite mines of 
the east. Transportation facilities are large and increasing. New coal fields 
arc being opened up. 

Manufacturing is an urban industry. The most populous Missouri city, 
St. Louis, is also its largest manufacturing center, the fourth in the United 
States, and in some branches of manufacture the first. In the manufacturing 
and mechanical industries St. Louis employed, in 1900, $162,179,331, paying 
$38,191,076 in wages to 82,672 wage-earners, and producing $233,629,733 worth of 
goods, including custom work and repairing, making busy 6,732 establishments. 
Twenty-five trunk lines of railway comprising nearly 6,000 miles of track and 
6,000 miles of river navigation, with five bridges spanning the Mississippi and 
Missouri rivers indicate the importance of the city's commerce. Kansas City 
had some 1,500 manufacturing establishments with an annual output of $35,000,- 
000. In 1900 St. Joseph had 440 manufacturing establishments with an annual 
product of $31,000,000. 

The further localization of manufacturing labor is illustrated in the accom- 
panying table which shows the number of manufacturing establishments in 

147 



Upon what leader- 
ship in manu- 
factures depends. 



Larger area of coal 
fields than has 
England. 



148 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




St. Louis fourth 
largest manufac- 
turing city in 
America. 



R. C. STONE MILLING COMPANY, SPRINGFIELD. 

twenty-five of the leading cities of Missouri. The total number in the State is 
18,754, while in the twenty-five cities named there are 11,017 or 58.7 per cent of 
the total. The cities had 32.2 per cent of the State's population. The total num- 
ber of wage-earners employed was 117,179. 

The total of the product of the manufacturing and mechanical industries 
of St. Louis, Kansas City, St. Joseph and Springfield, by the census of 1890 and 
the census of 1900 are thus reported: 

-S^. Louis. Kansas City. St. Joseph. Springfield. 

1890 $229,157,343 $31,936,366 $11,916,141 $3,062,095 

1900 233,629,733 36,527,392 31,690,736 4,126,871 

Per cent of in- 
crease 2.0 14.4 165.9 34.8 

What is manufactured in Missouri? What position does the State occupy 
with reference to manufacturing industry and commercial activity? What use 




ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT 



MANUFACTURES. 



149 




W. S. DICKEY CLAY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, DEEPWATER, HENRY COUNTY. 



has she made of the talents she is known to possess? And in what way can her 
great and growing prominence along lines of material prosperity be most instruc- 
tively and entertainingly presented? 

There were, in 1900, 18,754 manufacturing and mechanical industrial estab- 
lishments in the State. They employed a capital of $249,888,581. This capital 
was represented by: (1) Buildings valued at $36,748,766; (2) land worth 
$26,757,573; (3) machinery, tools, etc., that cost $70,040,656; and (4) cash and 
sundries aggregating $116,341,586. 

An army of proprietors and firm members numbering 20,659 directed 13,900 
salaried officials, clerks, etc., to whom they paid $14,569,606. They also dis- 
bursed the princely sum of $60,719,428 to another and larger army of wage- 
earners which mustered, 134,975 men, women and some children. Of this amount 
there was paid to 106,782 men, 16 years of age and over the vast sum of 
$53,321,296; to 23,686 women, 16 years of age and over, $6,041,960; and to 4,510 
children under 16 years of age $756,172. 



Invested in manu- 
facturing in 

Missouri. 




COMPANY, RALLS COUNTY. 



150 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




KOBERTS COTTON COMPANY, KENNETT, DUNKLIN COUNTY. 



What is manufac- 
tured in 
Missouri? 



In addition to disbursements, Missouri manufacturing enterprise was sub- 
ject to miscellaneous expenses involved in the rent of works, taxes (not includ- 
ing internal revenue), rent of offices, interest and contract work, aggregating 
$41,396,905; besides paying a bill of $214,988,018 for materials, and the inci- 
dentals needed to carry on its gigantic operations. 

As a reward for its skillful, energetic and sagacious use of its brains and 
cash, it rejoiced in a production valued at $385,492,784. 

The statement of these figures suggests the comforts, the luxuries of life 
to thousands. As one reads he may in fancy hear the rumble of ponderous 




JOHN DEEEE PLOW COMPANY', KANSAS CITY. 



MANUFACTURES. 



151 




ARMOUK rACKlAG COMPANY, KAiNSAS CITY. 



machinery in the mill, the rattle and clatter of the factory and the workshop, 
and see the molten metal in the fiery furnaces. His mind will insensibly revert 
to comparisons of this with the olden time, as he thinks of Missouri's present 
and prospective production and trade. 

Missouri leads the world in the manufacture of street cars and tobacco. 
Missouri among the States ranks second in babbit metal, sixth in printing and 
publishing and seventh in gross value of manufactures. St. Louis is first in 
tobacco manufacture and street car construction, fourth as a manufacturing city 
and fifth in boots and shoes made and sold. 

Missouri is sixth in the manufacture of flour, St. Louis being fifth among 
the great cities of the United States. There are 593 merchant mills in the State 



Leads the world in 
certain manufac- 
tures. 



i-^-., 



AMERICAN 

BANK 

BUILDING. 






Ilf 



rr! 



GEO. B. PECK l)i;V 
GOODS CO. 



■ i. ^ If 



-";»=' 





EMERY, BIRD, 
THAYER & CO. 



SOME KANSAS CITT 
BUSINESS BLOCKS. 



r.OARD OF TRADE 
I'.IHLDING. 



152 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



High rank in 
production ot 
flour. 



with an annual product of $17,800,204. The mills of the State have established 
a high standard of flour production and have a wide market. 

In pork packing Missouri holds a prominent place. Kansas City ranks 
second and St. Louis fourth among the great packing cities. 

In the dressed beef trade the State is gaining in facilities and enlargement 
of plants. It handled in 1902, 683,827 cattle and 103,893 calves in St. Louis alone 
and shipped in that year a total of 318,387,455 pounds of dressed beef and veal. 

St. Louis manufactures more tobacco than any other city in the world. 
Nearly all the leaf tobacco manufactured comes from Kentucky and Missouri 
except that imported. The output of cigars was 48,131,634 in a single year. 




SECTIONAL VIEW OF KANSAS CITY STOCK YARDS. 



One-third the 
white lead out- 
put of the Unit- 
ed States. 



The tobacco mani.;actured aggregated 32,603,965 pounds. The total for Missouri 
was 318,891,391 p>iinds. 

The lumber ;idustry of the State has grown from a product of $5,265,617 in 
1880 to $8,359,926 in 1890 and $11,177,529 in 1900. The receipts of lumber in St. 
Louis in 1902 were 1,500,000,000 feet. 

One-third of the white lead output of the United States is made in Missouri. 
The shipments alone in 1902 amounted to 70,000,000 pounds. 

St. Louis leads the cities of the world in the amount of shelf hardware 
handled, selling annually about $35,000,000. 

The amount of beer manufactured in St. Louis in 1902 was 2,707,508 bar- 
rels or 83,932,738 gallons, valued at $18,000,000. The largest brewery in the 
world is in St. Louis. 



MANUFACTURES. 



153 



As a wholesale shoe market of a product largely locally manufactured Mis- 
souri is growing in trade supremacy. The total shipments show a gain in one 
year, 1902 over 1901 of 8 per cent. The rapid increase is due largely to the 
phenomenal growth in manufacturing facilities, particularly in St. Louis. There 
has been a corresponding decrease in receipts from Boston, which has been a 
large seller of shoes to this part of the country, and several new manufacturing 
centers are also now competing with the Boston district. St. Louis makes large 
shipments of shoes to 
foreign points, espe- 
cially to Mexico, the 
"West Indies and 
Central America. As 
a jobber of shoes St. 
Louis now holds 
first place. Fully 
one-half of the goods 
sold are made in St. 
Louis factories and 
are of the better 
grades. St. Louis 
has been a noted cen- 
ter of boot and shoe 
manufacture for 
many years and its 
jobbing trade in 
these articles footed 
u p $43,500,000 i n 
1901. 

In the decade from 1890 to 1900 St. Louis nearly doubled the value of its 
shoe product, being in the latter year $8,286,156. 

The largest drug market in the world is St. Louis. The trade has entered 
the manufacturing field also and now put out their own pharmaceutical and 
proprietary goods in addition to which many of the heavy chemicals are manu- 
factured, resulting altogether in aggregate sales of $40,000,000. 

Missouri manufactures may be classified under some 250 heads, covering all 
branches of manufacturing industry. 



St. Louis manu- 
factures more 
tobacco than any 
city in the world. 




ST. CHAKLES CAR MANUFACTUKING SHOPS. 



Lumber industry 
important. 




HYDRAtTLIC PRESS BRICK COMPANY, ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 



154 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF MANUFACTURES FROM 1850 TO 1900, WITH 



Result of the 
factory output. 



Year 


1900 1890 1880 *i870 


i860 


Establishments 

Capital 

Cost of Material used 

Value of Products 

Total Wages 


18,754 

^249,888,581 

214,988,018 

385,492,784 

60,719,428 


14,052 

$189,558,546 

177,582,382 

324,561,993 

59,643,429 


8,592 

$ 72,507,844 

110,798,392 

165,386,205 

24,309,716 


11,871 

$ 80,257,244 

115,533,269 

206,213,429 

31,055,445 


3,157 
$ 20,034,220 

23,849,941 

41,782,731 

6,669,916 



Record of 

Missouri manu- 
factures. 




COTTOiN SEED OIL MILL, KEKNETT, DUiNKLIN COUNTY. 



*The Census for 1870 was defective. 

The agricultural implement factories manufactured in 1902 goods worth 
$1,321,785; those making awnings, tents and flags, $1,015,350; bakeries, $6,319,- 
521; badges and regalia, $26,000; bags and bagging, 
$4,110,901; boilers and tanks, $1,252,557; paper boxes, 
$491,724; boxes, wood, $1,807,820; brick and tile fac- 
tories, $3,604,900; boots and shoes, $11,668,392; bar and 
store fixtures, $1,035,412; brooms and brushes, $194,105; 
candy and confectionery, $3,503,974; carriages and 
wagons, $5,252,803; coffins and burial cases, $1,080,207; 
copper and brass goods, $2,161,272; cooperage, $3,264,- 
015; car works, $11,487,441; cigar 
factories, $1,447,316; men's cloth- 
ing, $7,859,614; women's clothing, 
$1,959,399; cotton factories, $305,- 
852; drugs, chemicals and drug- 
gists' sundries, $6,674,151; electrical 
apparatus, $1,002,931; flouring 
mills, $19,816,268; foundry and 
machine shop products, $12,939,938; 
furniture factories, $4,327,565; gro- 
cers' sundries, $4,110,039; glass 
factories, $1,856,871; harness and saddle factories, $2,681,283; hats and caps, 
$379,720; iron (structural and architectural), $1,835,470; liquors, distilled, $172,- 
716; liquor, malt, $17,755,288; leather factories, $868,689; lumber sawed, 

$3,598,340; lime and 
cement, $1,131,961; 
oils and grease, 
$1,872,771; pipe fac- 
tories, $335,415; 
printing and bind- 
ing, $7,140,288; pack- 
ing houses, $48,859,- 
056; paints and var- 
nish, $5,649,818; 
planing mills, $3,- 
347,534; rubber 
goods, $715,457; roll- 
ing mills, $1,760,746; 
stoves and ranges, 
$6,820,657; stone and 
marble works, $909,- 
959; soap, candle 
and glue factories, 
$2,697,616; smelters, 
$5,744,376; surgical 
and optical goods. 

COBWEB IN STOEE OF J. H. BABCLAY DBY GOODS COMPANY, MACON. 




MANUFACTURES. 



155 



PER CENT OF INCREASE FOR EACH DECADE 



1850 



Per Cent of Increase by Decades 
1890- 1880- 1870- i860- 1850 
1900 1890 1880 1870 i860 



2,923 
8,576,607 

12,798,351 

24,324,418 

4,692,648 



33-5 


63.5 


-27.6 


276.0 


8. 


31.8 


161. 4 


-9-7 


3001.6 


133. 


21. 1 


60. 3 


-4.1 


384-4 


86. 


18.8 


96.2 


-19.8 


393-5 


71- 


1.8 


145-3 


-3.0 


365.6 


42. 



$49,000; tinware, sheet iron and 
galvanized ironware, $3,930,442; 
trunk and valise factories, $992,- 
214; tobacco factories, $19,139,- 
286; wire goods, $1,296,106; 
woolen mills, $393,174; miscel- 
laneous, $4,853,529; prison fac- 
tories (seven in all, including 
one saddle tree, four boot and 
shoe, one broom, and one men's 
working clothing), $2,692,934. 
The banker is a necessary part of the success of industrial interests. Mis- 
souri leads in number of State banks and is thirteenth among the States in num- 
ber of national banks. These banks have resources of nearly $300,000,000. The 
per capita bank deposit of Missourians is $136.81, scarcely exceeded by'any other 
State. 

The present State banking law was enacted in 1877. It provides for publi- 
cation of statements, and makes it a felony to receive deposits after it is known 



As a wholesale shoe 
market. 



St. Louis largest 
drug market i 
the world. 



MANUFACTURES OF TWENTY-FIVE LEADING CITIES OF MISSOURI. 



WATERWORKS 
TOWER, 
CARUTHERS- 
VILLE. 





?3 
> 


Cities 


Capital 


Wages earn'd 


Value of 


1^ 
I 








Product 


St. Louis 


^162,179,331 


^38,191,076 


^233,629,733 


2 


Kansas City 


2'6,437,307 


7,783,652 


36,527,392 


3 


St. Joseph 


11,068,825 


3,109,647 


31,690,736 


4 


Springfield 


2,1 11,048 


1,017,345 


4,126,871 


5 


Jefferson City 


1,627,434 


169,124 


3,361,998 


6 


St. Charles 


1,940,719 


601,987 


3,145,662 


7 


Hannibal 


1,890,718 


61 1,859 


3,025,349 


8 


Joplin 


1,411,495 


516,080 


2,961,793 


9 


Sedalia 


1,293,053 


463,787 


1,599,326 


10 


Carthage 


859,385 


217,237 


1,176,981 


II 


Nevada 


437,924 


190,232 


1 ,046,616 


12 


Moberly 


551,453 


353,641 


950,664 


13 


Louisiana 


453,470 


90,531 


908,088 


14 


Independence 


505,645 


100,982 


886,354 


15 


Cape Girardeau 


431,170 


105,009 


612,259 


16 


Chilliccthe 


323,685 


114,007 


608,767 


17 


Boonville 


299,128 


89,426 


473,455 


18 


Trenton 


205,715 


113,508 


• 459,748 


19 


Webb City 


21 1,090 


79,294 


425,763 


20 


Mexico 


261,617 


68,230 


415,894 


21 


Clinton 


333,364 


69,099 


372,194 


22 


Maryville 


180,075 


66,789 


333,883 


23 


Brookfield 


101,293 


89,698 


329,889 


24 


Carrollton 


215,760 


41,445 


311,368 


25 


Rich Hill 


224,609 


42,659 


255,132 


*Rank in value 


of products. 







Manufactures of 
twenty-five 
leading cities. 



that a bank is in a failing condition. A revision of the banking law in 1899 

authorizes the Secretary of State, before any banking corporation, individual 

banker or trust company shall commence business, to cause an examination to be 

made, in order to ascertain whether the requisite capital of such bank, banker State banking law. 

or trust company has been paid in in cash. This is construed to mean that at 

least 50 per cent of each share of the capital stock must be paid, and be ready for 

use in transaction of business, over and above the amount invested in banking 



156 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



COMPARATlV^l'; SUMMARY OF THE FOURTEEN LEADING INDUSTRIES OF THE STATE. 



liulustrii's 



^^■ar 



No. ot 
Estab- 
lish 'ts 



Capital 
Invested 



Cost of the 
Materials Used 



Value of the 
Product 



Total Wages 
Paid per Year 



Average No 
Wage Earners 
Per Year 



Totals for the 
14 Industries 

Act. inc. '90-00 

Per cent of inc. 

Boots 

and Shoes 

Carriages and 
Wagons 

Car Construc- 
tion by R.R. 

Car Cons, by 
other concerns 

Men's clothing, 
fact'ry prod. 

Coffee and spice 
(roasting etc. ) 

Confectionery 

Flouring, grist 
mill products 

Foundry and 
mach'shop 

Malt Liquors 

Lumber and 
Timber 

Printing and 
Publishing 

Slaughtering 
and Packing 

Tobacco 



1900 
1890 


5,139 
3,667 




i,47i 




40.1 


1900 
1890 


5° 
29 


1900 
1890 


377 
425 


1900 
1890 


43 

27 


1900 
1890 
1900 
1890 


4 

5 

148 

59 


1900 
1890 


27 
15 


1900 
1890 


99 

75 


1900 
1890 


1,145 

710 


1900 
1890 


261 
186 


1900 
1890 


49 

30 


1900 
1890 


1,197 
830 


1900 
1890 


1,100 

778 


1900 
1890 
1900 


37 

68 

602 


1890 


430 



-"3,3^6,395 

85,918,067 

^7,408, 328 

31.9 

4,183,979 

3,712,915 

4,019,087 

3,963,675 
3,645,260 

1,394,974 
4,^30,982 
1,442,927 
4,651,882 
4,966,073 
2,517,482 
1,089,088 
2,842,164 

1,440,173 
1 1,402,827 
12,630,645 
1 1,606,445 

11,708,878 

25, 73', 930 
16,689,575 
1 1,089,799 

8,245,425 
1 1 ,149,288 

8,052,275 

7,944,033 
4,986,780 
8,01 1,237 
5,594,664 



#122,972 

93,055 
29,916 

7,993 
2,521 

2,733 
2,441 

3,019 
2,082 
5,101 
2,655 

5,095 
4,566 

4,303 
3,290 

3,476 
2,120 

21,937 
29,210 

6,732 
5,819 
3,073 
6,563 
6,410 
4,328 
2,167 

1,439 

39,108 

15,142 

9,282 

8,809 



261 
297 

964 
32.1 
026 
027 
960 
925 
574 
326 

335 
320 
156 
017 
097 
476 
1 12 
762 
507 

639 
008 
009 
01 1 
536 
216 

903 

852 
861 

137 
352 



<203, 494,824 

155,920,549 

47,574,275 

30.5 

11,253,202 

4,841,004 

5,583,364 
5,233,324 
6,524,121 
3,890,542 

7,722,768 

3,974,173 
8,925,088 

8,113,852 

5,266,264 

3,892,792 
5,554,384 
3,584,953 

26,393,928 

34,486,795 
15,073,005 
13,680,773 
13,776,905 
16,954,137 
11,177,529 
8,359,925 
4,706,287 

3,503,733 
43,040,885 
18,320,193 
27,847,432 
17,583,646 



26,401 ,101 

23,144,690 

3,256,411 
14. 1 

2,052,1 14 

1,119,370 
1,310,560 

1,499,133 

3,182,753 

1,737,771 

1,373,353 
1,147,604 

1,693,725 

1,772,799 
176,420 

113,551 
662,513 
520,767 
851,377 
1,249,091 
3,882,749 

3,807,974 
1,890,100 

1,847,195 
2,012,659 

1,930,504 
3,774,832 
4,050,989 
1,446,742 
645,322 
2,097,204 
1 ,702,600 



59,057 

50,674 

8,383 

16.5 

5,9'5 
2,716 

2,503 
3,026 

5,581 
2,859 
2,772 
1,854 
6,129 
6,113 

499 

252 
2,058 
1,454 
1,654 
3,011 
7,084 
6,754 
3,150 
2,834 
6,043 

6,703 
7,256 

7,423 
3,102 
1,264 
5,231 
4,411 



Banking in 
Missouri. 



house furniture and fixtures. All sums collected In connection with the execu- 
tion of this law are credited to the State bank examination fund. Any derelic- 






prrrsuuKG plate glass company, crystal crrY, jei'FEuson county. 



tion from the law of the State binding upon corporations or bankers results in 
the institution of proceedings duly authorized by the laws of 1897 against insolv- 
ent banks. 



MANUFACTURES. 



157 




FIRST NATIONAL BANK, 
CARTHAGE. 



The growth of banks organized under the State law is shown in the follow- 
ing comparison of their deposits at various periods since 1882: 

1882 $ 52,980,358 

1893 61,705,242 

1903 136,649,641 

An official statement of the financial condi- 
tion of Missouri State banks, issued by the Sec- 
retary of State on September 9, 1903, tabulates 
statements from 704 State banks and 22 trust 
companies. It gives the resources of incorpor- 
ated banks, outside of St. Louis and Kansas City, 
as totaling $107,018,736. The resources of St. 
Louis banks, $58,629,457; those of Kansas City, 
$5,837,618; the private banks had $8,865,150, and 
the trust companies $124,654,728 in resources. 
The grand total of resources of the banks of the 
State footed up $180,350,962, not including the 
trust companies. The aggregate capital stock 
of the banks on September 9, 1903, was $21,068,- 
600. In February, 1904, a gain of $683,400 was 
reported, due to the incorporation of new banks, 
$473,000; increases of capitalization, $210,400. 
The aggregate capital stock of the 22 trust com- 
panies on September 9, 1903, was $21,712,900. 
Since then, by February, 1904, the capital stock 
in the trust companies has been increased to 
$22,112,900. This gain of $400,000 was caused by 
the organization of two new trust companies, 
one capitalized at $150,000, the other at $100,000, 
and by an increase in the original capitalization 

of another one from $150,000 to $300,000. The trust companies are classified, 

according to their capitalization, as follows: 

Five at $50,000; one at $55,000; one at $63,700; two at $75,000; one at 

$80,000; one at $100,000; one at $150,000; one at $187,500; one at $226,000; one 

at $250,000; one at $300,000; two at $1,000,000; two at $2,000,000; three at 

$3,000,000; one at $5,000,000. 

A classification of the State banks by their capitalization, made in February, 

1904, shows the folow- 

ing: 

Two hundred and 

thirty-five at $10,000; 

two at $10,500; two at 

$11,000; fifteen at $12,- 

000; five at $12,500; one 

at $13,000; one at $14,- 

000; sixty-six at $15,- 

000; seven at $16,000; 

one at $16,500; one at 

$17,000; one at $18,000; 

ninety-two at $20,000; 

two at $21,000; one at 

$21,500; two at $22,000; 

seventy-one at $25,000; 

one at $26,000; one at 

$26,500; one at $28,000; 

twenty-seven at $30,000; one at $33,000; three at $35,500; sixteen at $40,000; 

sixty-six at $50,000; one at $55,000; two at $60,000; one at $70,000; five at 

$75,000; twenty-seven at $100,000; one at $125,000; two at $150,000; seven at 

$200,000; three at $500,000; one at $600,000; one t $2,000,000. 



ItAOCLIFFE MAiNUFACTUKI.NG COMPA.NY, AGENCY LARGEST 

ESTAULISIIMENT OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD. 



Growth of banks. 



Resources of bank- 
ing institutions. 





1 


wy 






1 . 








^"^w/% 


>-X 


■ ^ 


1 - .1! 


1 Mr 


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158 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




HUTTIG-MOSS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, ST. JOSEPH. 



Classification of 
banks. 



Private banks are those which receive money on deposit, with or without in- 
terest, buy and sell exchange, notes, current and uncurrent money bonds, stocks, 
etc., and loan money without being incorporated. There are 93 private banks, 
with a capitalization of $840,000. 




HIGH AND LOW BUILDINGS, ST. LOUIS — HOLLAND BUILDING, REPUBLIC BUILDING, 
MISSOURI TRUST BUILDING, CHEMICAL BUILDING. 



MANUFACTURES. 



159 




HARNESS FACTORY OF WILLIAM HECK, CALIFORNIA, MONITEAU COUNTY. 



Missouri lias 84 national banks, divided by counties, tlius: St. Louis (city), 
7; Jasper, 8; Jaclcson, 7; Boone, Buchanan, Clinton, Nodaway, Pettis, 3 each; 
Adair, Caldwell, Gentry, Greene, Livingstone, Marion, Putnam, 2 each, and the 
following counties, one each: Andrew, Atchison, Audrain, Barry, Barton, Bates, 
Cape Girardeau, Carroll, Cass, Chariton, Clay, Cole, Cooper, Daviess, De Kalb, 
Dunklin, Franklin, Grundy, Harrison, Howell, Johnson, Lawrence, Macon, 
Moniteau, Monroe, Newton, Phelps, Scotland, St. Charles, St. Clair, Sullivan, 
Vernon, and Worth. 



National Banks in 
Missouri. 




ST. LOUIS WASHINGTON AVENUE, LOOKING WEST FROM THIRD STREET. 



160 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



This official statement shows the domestic corporations incorporated in the 
State of Missouri; also foreign corporations licensed to do business in this State, 

Domestic corpora- ^^^ ^ period commencing July 1, 1902, and ending June 30, 1903, the capital 

tions in the State. "^ =. ^ . . = 

stock of each class of corporation being set forth in the aggregate: 

DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS. 



Manufacturing and business, total number 1,259; capital $79,433,200 

Railroads, total number 25 ; capital 20,935,000 

Trust companies, total number 6; capital 2,150,000 

Banks, total number 73; capital 1,167,000 

Telegraphs and Telephones, total number 28; capital 953,100 

Street railways, total number 6; capital 240,000 



Total, domestic 1,397 



$104,878,310 



FOREIGN CORPORATIONS. 



.$200,631,000 



Foreign corpora- Total number, 119; total capital 

dons. 

Grand total $305,509,310 

The growth of the value of Missouri commerce is vitally shown by these 
figures. 



HORSE AND MULE 

DEPOT. 

FINE STOCK BUILDING. 

KANSAS CITY 

STOCK 

YARDS. 




KANSAS CITY A GREAT LIVE STOCK CE.NTRE. 



MANUFACTURES. 



161 




MACON SHEAll 1 AL TUUY AND BLEES CARRIAGE COMPANY, MACON. 



Insurance companies wrote in 1903 about $20,000,000 of premiums, fire and 
life in Missouri. There are licensed to do business in the State: three Missouri 
stock fire insurance companies, one insurance, Lloyds, 94 insurance stock fire 
companies of other states, 25 insurance companies of foreign countries, 9 Mis- 
souri regular mutual fire companies, 4 regular mutual fire insurance companies 
from other States, 10 town mutual companies, two Missouri life companies, and 
46 life companies from other States. There are 12 Missouri trust companies and 
38 trust companies from other States licensed to do fidelity and surety business. 
There are 91 fraternal beneficiary associations from Missouri and other States 
doing business in Missouri. 

The laws of Mis- 
souri require that all 
stock fii-e insurance 
companies which are 
organized in the State 
shall have a paid up 
capital stock of at least 
$100,000, and companies 
admitted from other 
States must have a 
paid up capital of $200,- 
000, unlv^ss the compa- 
ny's home State will 
license a Missouri com- 
pany having a capital 
of $100,000 in which 
event companies from 
that State having $100,- 
000 capital will be admitted to Missouri. All foreign fire insurance companies 
must have a deposit capital of $200,000 with some State officer of the United 
States before the company will be licensed in Missouri. Life insurance com- 
panies of other States and countries, before being admitted to Missouri, must file 
a certificate showing the company has deposited with some other State the sum 
of $100,000 for the benefit and jirotection of all policy holders. Companies doing 
personal accident, plate glass and employers' liability insurance before being 
Mo. — 11. 



Insurance 
companies. 




CHABLE8 MEIEBHOFFEB SAND PLANT, BOONVILLE. 



Missouri's insur- 
ance law. 



162 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



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'"'"''"WjiiBi 



CHAECOAL KILN AT NOEL, MCDONALD COUNTY. 



The Missouri 
reciprocal law. 



Large revenue 
turned into the 
State. 



admitted to Missouri, must file a certificate showing the company has $100,000 on 
deposit with some State officer. Companies doing fidelity and surety business 

in Missouri must file a certificate of deposit 
showing $200,000 deposited with some State 
officer. The Missouri reciprocal law pro- 
vides that whenever any State or county 
prescribes restrictions or increased fees or 
requirements upon Missouri companies, the 
Missouri Department shall enforce the same 
retaliatory provisions against companies of 
that State or county doing business in Mis- 
^I^C^^^^^ij^'^^' "^ souri. The business of insurance in Mis- 

'"'^**^"^"^^~^^"^' souri has grown to such large proportions 

that the Insurance Department takes rank 
IS one of the important departments of the 
State Government, and one of the chief rev- 
enue producers of the State. Under the 
law, one-half of the sum derived from the 
tax on insurance premiums received by in- 
surance companies in Missouri, is distri- 
IN YARD OF OZARK LAND buted by the State treasurer to the revenue 
AND LUMBER COMPANY, WINONA, fund of the city of St. Louis and the various 

counties of the State. 
More detailed accounts of the manufacturing and commercial interests of 
the large cities may be found in another chapter. Sufficient is here said, how- 
ever, to show the potential supremacy of Missouri along lines of industrial ac- 
tivity. 




PERRY COUNTY 
LUMBER CAMP. 





ISSOURI'S mineral output to the 
close of 1903, conservatively es- 
timated, amounts to the enor- 
mous sum of $675,000,000. 

The coal fields of the State 
cover, approximately 25,000 square miles and 
have produced coal sold at more than $100,000,- 
000. A two-foot seam of coal for 25,000 square 
miles, at $1.25 a ton, the average price for fif- 
teen years at Missouri mines, would aggre- 
gate the almost inconceivable amount of $50,- 
000,000,000, yet in many Missouri coal fields the 
seams are three or four feet thick or thicker. 
In numerous cases there are two or more beds. 
Iron ore, aggregating in value over $35,000,- 
000 has been produced and large deposits re- 
main untouched. 

The clay deposits are everywhere varied 

and valuable, exceeding in importance any 

other source of the State's mineral wealth. 

The deposits of high grade brick clays, fire clays, kaolin, sewer pipe, terra cotta 

and potter's clays are, as yet practically untouched. 

Building stones are as varied and inexhaustible as the clays, granite, lime- 
stone, sandstone and marble, occurring in many parts of the State in unlim- 
ited quantities and of excellent quality. 

Lead ore is found in nearly every county in the south and central parts 
of the State. Four billion pounds of lead, valued at considerably over $100,- 
000,000 have been produced, one-half within the last fifteen years. 

Zinc ore is mined in commercial quantities in fifteen counties, nearly all 
of which are also producers of lead. Missouri furnishes 80 per cent of the zinc 
produced in the United States. 

In Missouri are also great deposits of the purest plate-glass sands; quan- 
tities of nickle and cobalt ore — in the dump at one mine lies $600,000 worth 
waiting milling; large variety of mineral waters; asphalt and asphaltic gravel; 
road metal and road materials; the world's largest tripoli deposit; copper and 

163 



Missouri's mineral 
output nearly 
seven hundred 
million dollars. 



Fifty billion dollars 
worth of coal 
undeveloped. 



Clay deposits, yet 
untouched, of 
inexhaustible 
value. 



Lead and zinc ore 
in great quantity. 



164 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



SCENES IN JOPLIN MINING DISTRICT — LEAD 
FURNACES AND AT WORK UNDERGROUND. 




Schoolcraft's 
remarkable 
prophecy and its 
fulfillment. 



extensive barite deposits, the latter a minor product which has yielded $2,000,- 
000 in southeast Missouri. 

Added to these great mineral resources Missouri has inexhaustible supplies 
of the purest lime rock and material suitable for the manufacture of hydraulic 
cement. The cement factories being constructed in Missouri are the greatest 
in the world. 

There has been fulfilled the remarkable prophecy of the explorer and scien- 
tist, Henry R. Schoolcraft, made in 1819: "There should be a mineralogical 

school located in the mine country (Missouri) Any one who is cognizant 

of the advantages which various parts of Germany and particularly Saxony, 
have derived from such a school, will not deny the utility of a similar one in 
the United States, and as to its location there can be no question, for, com- 
pared with any other part of the Union this will be found the land of ores — 
the country of minerals. The earth has not been penetrated over eighty feet. 
There is reason to believe that the main bodies of ore have not yet been hit. 
They lie deeper and we have thus far only been engaged upon the spurs and 
detached masses. There is also reason to believe that large bodies of the ores 
of zinc exist in the district of the mines. Every day is developing to us the 
vast resources of this country in minerals, particularly in lead, and we can not 
resist the belief that in riches and extent the mines of Missouri are paralleled 
by no other mineral district in the world." 

Since the publication of Schoolcraft's predictions Missouri has produced 
far more than $600,000,000 worth of mineral and her annual mineral product 
nas become greater than that of California. 



MINING. 



165 



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MISSOURI'S COAL HARVEST 



Coal, the chief reliance in modern times for fuel, is found in exactly one- 
half of the 114 counties of Missouri. The coal fields underlay nearly 25,000 
square miles, more than one-third of the surface of the State. Coal mining, 

though extensively carried on, is 
hardly begun as far as opening up 
the enormous stores of coal 
wealth. But 38 counties are now 
furnishing a commercial output 
yet coal is found underlying the 
widely extended surface indicated 
on the mineral map plate. 

On the assumption that a two- 
foot seam of coal will produce 
2,500 tons of available coal to the 
acre, and worth $1.25 per ton at 
the mine (which is the average 
price of the past fifteen years) the 
value of the coal per acre will 
equal $3,125, or $2,000,000 per 
square mile, or for 25,000 square 
miles, a sum amounting to $50,- 
000,000,000. This is an immense 
value and yet it represents but 
one bed two feet thick while in 



YEAR 


TONS 


PRICE PER 


TON VALUE 


1889 


i, 223, 477 


$ 


1.36 


$ 3,030,414 


1890 


2,437,399 




1.32 


3,234,351 


189I 


2,650,018 




I-3I 


3,480,867 


1892 


3,017,285 




1.26 


3,825,828 


'893 


3,190,442 




1.25 


3,999,681 


1894 


2,383,322 




1.26 


3,013,075 


1895 


2,283,081 




1. 17 


2,675,690 


1896 


2,420,147 




1. 13 


2,741,711 


1897 


2,429,388 




1. 10 


2,684,757 


1898 


2,838,152 




1. 10 


3,148,862 


1899 


3,191,811 




1. 12 


3,582,111 


1900 


2,995,022 




1. 21 


3,643,975 


I9OI 


3,813,527 




1.24 


4,716,331 


1902 


4,063,572 




I-3I 


5,325,832 


1903 


4,600,000 




1.46 


6,716,000 


Total 


44,536,643 


$ 


1.25 


$ 55,819,485 



Coal production 
and average 
prices. 



One-half the State 
underlaid by coal. 



Innmense values in 
the coal beds. 



166 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Location and use of 
Missouri coal. 



Location favorable 
to coal 
production. 



fact Missouri has large areas where the coal beds measure three, four and five 
feet in thickness. 

The coals of Missouri are bituminous, except in the case of numerous 
pocket deposits which are largely composed of cannel coal. The latter are found 
in Cole, Cooper, Miller and Morgan counties. Some of these coal pockets reach 
a thickness of ninety feet, and many range from forty to seventy-five feet in 
thickness; but the area which they cover is small. The crevices in the cannel 
coal are usually filled with "sheet" lead and zinc ores and frequently, one or 
the other of these ores occurs in considerable quantity. 

Missouri coal is used almost exclusively for the generation of steam and 
for domestic purposes. But little has been used in the making of gas, or coke. 
The railroads consume, as fuel for locomotives, the greater part of the coal 
output and manufactories are second to them in amount of consumption. The 
coal not devoted to these industries is consumed for domestic purposes. The 
demand for coal as a fuel for stove and furnaces in residences, in place of 
wood has grown within the past few years and will continue to grow. 

Missouri is surrounded on all sides by large coal-producing States, hav- 
ing Illinois on the east, Iowa on the north, Kansas on the west, and Arkansas 




Coal fields easily 
worked. 



IN A CARTHAGE STONE QUAKBY. 

on the south, with their coal fields close to our borders. This practically con- 
fines, at the present time, the sale of our coal to the home market. We can 
justly infer from this fact, however, a rapid improvement in industrial condi- 
tions within the State, for we produced 536,428 more tons of coal in 1903 than 
in 1902, and there was an increase in value of the product of $1,390,168, or over 
26 per cent. 

The coal fields of Missouri are not located in rough or mountainous re- 
gions, but lie on elevated plains having a gently undulating surface covered 
with fertile soil, much of which is in a high state of cultivation. The whole 
area is thickly settled and supports many thriving towns and villages which 
are closely connected with the mines by a net work of railways penetrating 
the coal fields in all directions. There is always a considerable local demand for 
coal, and there are, therefore, many small operators who work their mines only 
during the winter season. 

The organization of large companies to control extensive bodies of coal 
lands Is occurring more frequently with each succeeding year. There is, at 
present, however, opportunity for excellent investments in coal lands in Mis- 
souri, and there is perhaps promise of better and surer returns from such in- 
vestments than in any mining proposition open to the public. The cost of "coal 
rights" which give possession of the coal and authority to sink shafts, erect 



MINING. 



167 



buildings and to construct and operate rail or other roads, on the surface, to- 
gether with all privileges necessary for the transaction of a coal mining busi- 
ness, varies in Missouri from $8 to $15 per acre, where the coal runs between 
three and four feet in thickness. 

Referring to the diagram and statistical table, it should be stated 
that the Missouri coal trade did not begin with 1889; statistics have been Statistics regarding 
given only for the period between 1889 and 1903, because prior to 1889 J'^^^jg^^"'""""' ''°^' 
the work of gathering statistics was not systematically done. The price 
($1.36 per ton at the mine) received in this State fifteen years ago for coal 
was better than since realized, except for 1903, when it reached the record- 
breaking sum of $1.46 per ton. 

The value of the Missouri coal product for 1889, was $3,030,414; for 1895, 
$2,675,690; for 1902, $5,325,832; and for 1903, $6,716,000. This shows an in- 




PIG LEAD SMELTERS AT HERCULANEUM, JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



crease over 1889, of $3,685,586, or 121.02 per cent; over the year 1895, of $4,040,- 
310, or 151 per cent; and over 1902, of $1,390,168, or 26.10 pec cent. The future 
promises even better results than the year just closed; first, because of the 
number of new mines which have been opened, their great capacity and splendid 
equipment, and the excellent quality of coal and thick beds, in newly devel- 
oped fields; second, because in years past, no such perfect understanding has 
existed between employer and employe, as is found at present, there having 
been but one strike in 1903, among the coal miners of the State. The coal 
mines of Missouri are in fine condition viewed from any standpoint, especially 
those of safety, sanitation and equipment, and so far as mine accidents are 
concerned, no State can show a better record. 

The earliest mining in Missouri was for lead. M. La Motte discovered the 



Future of the coal 
industry in 
Missouri. 



168 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Lead mining the 
oldest in the 
State. 



Lead and zinc 
associated. 



Varieties of zinc 
and lead ore 
commonly 
found. 



AMERICAN TRIPOLI COM- 
PANY MINES, AT 
SENECA, NEWTON COUNTY. 



lead deposits in southeast Missouri in 1720 which bear his name, and which 
have been since worked almost continuously. In 1869 the diamond drill was 
first used in southeast Missouri by the St. Joseph Lead Company with the 
result that large bodies of disseminated ores were discovered at the depth 
of about 120 feet and underground mining proper was begun. In the same 
year as the result of the establishment in St. Louis of zinc works, zinc ores be- 
came valuable. 

The ores of lead and zinc are almost invariably found associated except 
in the southeastern district, where the ores are generally lead, and where zinc 
is rarely found in commercial quantities. Three prominent districts are found 
in the State. The southwestern district, including the southwestern corner 
of the State, has an area of about 125 by 75 miles. The second district is south 
and west of St. Louis, and includes a territory of about 80 by 85 miles. The 
third district is the central part of the State, south and west of Jefferson City, 
with an area of about 75 by 85 miles. 

The ores of zinc are sphalerite, or zinc sulphide, locally called "jack," 
"rosin jack." "black jack" and "blende;" smithsonite, or zinc carbonate, locally 

called "zinc drybone" and "car- 
bonate;" calamine, or zinc sili- 
cate, locally called "silicate;" and 
hydro-zincite, or hydrous zinc sil- 
icate, not found commercially. 

Of the lead ores, there are 
found galena, or lead sulphide, 
locally called "blue mineral;" or 
lead cerussite, or lead carbonate, 
locally called "drybone" or "car- 
bonate;" pyromorphite, or lead 
phosphate, sometimes called 
"green lead;" and anglesite, or 
lead sulphate. Of these lead ores, 
galena is the main source of the 
metal in all the districts. Cerus- 
site was much more abundant 
than galena in the early days of 
lead mining in Missouri, because 
it is secondary ore, and is always 
found near the surface. Pyro- 




YEAR 


TONS 


PRICE PER TON 


VALUE 


1889 


44,321 


$ 44-55 


$ 1,974,500 


1890 


47,761 


45-49 


2,172,647 


189I 


44,281 


49.10 


2,174,197 


1892 


49,626 


44.21 


2,193,965 


1893 


40,297 


39-34 


1,585,569 


1894 


52,003 


37.48 


1,949,568 


1895 


61,618 


30.06 


1,852,400 


1896 


65,504 


30-33 


1,987,155 


1897 


67,404 


27.62 


1,862,122 


1898 


73,687 


40.86 


3,0", 05s 


1899 


70,829 


44.10 


3,146,237 


1900 


80,478 


46.30 


3,726,202 


I90I 


109,842 


44-15 


4,849,595 


1902 


126,831 


42.01 


5,367,065 


1903 


142,547 


49.12 


7,002,936 


Total 


1,077,029 




$44,855,213 



MINING. 



169 



morphite and anglesite are of rare occurrence, and are of no commercial value. 

The zinc ores are relatively hard and light, having an average hardness 
of about 4.5, and an average specific gravity of about 4 while the lead ores are 
relatively soft and heavy, having an average hardness of about 3 and an 
average specific gravity of about 6.5. 

These ores are always associated in the ore-body with other minerals, 
which are usually called the gangue. These are as follows: Calcite, or lime 
carbonate, locally called "tiff;" dolomite, or magnesian lime carbonate, locally Association of lead 
called "mundic," and white iron pyrites; pyrite, or iron bisulphide; chalcopy- and zinc ores, 
rite, a copper and iron bisulphide usually found in small tetrahedrons; chert, 
an impure flint; jasperite, a secondary deposit of dark silicious material occa- 
sionally cementing the ores and gangue; greenockite, or cadmium sulphide; tal- 
low clay, sometimes called "gouge;" limonite, or hydrated sesqui-oxide of iron; 
and bitumen, or mineral pitch. 

These ores occur in four different ways. First, as "float" or "drop" mineral, 
on or near the surface — rounded or water-worn, weathered chunks of ore which 
have originated from broken down crevices in superincumbent beds, or have 
been segregated by the action of running water. Second, as disseminated ore. 
Here the ore, usually galena, occurs in fine grains, or minute crystals, dis- 
seminated in masses, or beds, generally more or less intimately mixed with 



Four different 
formations. 




CARTEKVILLE, JASPER COUXTY, MINING VIEW. 



dolomitic grains, often called "spar" rock. This is characteristic of the south- 
eastern disseminated lead district. Third, segregated ore. In the upper por- 
tion of crevices, or veins, the ores and gangue are more or less disturbed from 
their original position, and are frequently mixed with residual clays, the "tal- 
low" clay of the miners. Here the softer rock, usually lime, of the ore-body 
has been washed away by subterranean drainage, and the ores and gangues, 
mixed with the broken down wall-rock and insoluble cherts form a brecciated 
mass irregularly mixed together and the ore is concentrated. Fourth, the 
crevice, or ore-body proper. Here the wall-rocks are more or less well defined, 
particularly in the magnesian limestone, though they are frequently broken 
into irregular, more or less horizontal flat openings, where the ore and gangue 
have penetrated for some distance. In this case the ore-body is more massive 
and solid, more or less completely filling up the shattered crevice. The flat 
openings are the so-called ore runs, or ore horizons. The crevices are usually 
vertical, penetrating to unknown depths, and they frequently follow fault lines. 
They vary in width and thickness in different formations and even in the same 



How lead and 
are located. 



170 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Commercial 
production of 
lead in Missouri. 



formation. The trend of these crevices, or veins, is usually more or less par- 
allel with folds of the strata. 

Tlie commercial production of lead in extensive quantities in Missouri 
dates practically only to 1870. From 1870 to 1889 the production grew, averag- 
ing for the twenty years an annual output of 29,131 tons; from 1889 to 1903, 
a period of fifteen years — shown graphically on the accompanying tables: 



Prices received for 
the annual 
output. 



Constant and rapid 
increase. 






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The output of lead, except for the years 1891 and 1893, showed a constant 
and rapid increase until the maximum was reached in 1903. There was an out- 





MINING DISTRICT, WEBB CITY. 



MINING. 



171 




put in that year of 142,547 tons, 
valued at $7,002,936. During the 
last 15 years Missouri's produc- 
tion of lead exceeded that of the 
preceding 169 years by over 150,- 
000 tons. The total production of 
Missouri lead mines to December 
31, 1903, amounts to over 2,000,000 
tons, valued at over $111,000,000. 
The product for the last 15 years 
has sold for over $50,000,000. 
These figures emphasize in a 
striking way the real growth of 
Missouri's lead industry. 

Southeast Missouri mines 81.05 
per cent of the lead ore product 
of the State; with one county in 
that district, St. Francois, pro- 
ducing 90 per cent of the district's 
total. There is located at Bonne 
Terre, the St. Joseph Lead Com- 
pany, the largest lead-ore produc- 
ing company in the world. This 

company owns the finest concentrating mill yet ei-ected. It has concentrating 
plants of great capacity at Bonne Terre, Plat River and other points, and large 
smelting works at Herculaneum. It covers and operates a standard gauge rail- 
road 50 miles long. Among other large producers in this district are the Desloge 
Consolidated Lead Company, the St. Louis Smelting and Refining Company, the 
Central Lead Company, the Doe Run Lead Company, the Federal Lead Company, 
the Columbia Lead Company, and several new concerns which have not yet 
completed their plants. The companies named mined ninety per cent of all the 
lead product for 1903 in the eastern Missouri district. Each one of these com- 
panies owns the fee to very large tracts of land, which have been developed by 
the diamond drill, and each of them possesses plants which are equipped with the 



IN AN ADAIR COUNTY COAL MINE. 



Figures 
showing 
Missouri's 
production 
of lead. 



Where the lead 
Missouri is 
mined. 




ZINC 

MINING SCENE, 
JOPLIN. 



best of modern machinery. The 
St. Joseph Lead Company alone, has 
produced, since 1869, lead ore valued at 
$18,901,000, and has also produced immense 
quantities of pig lead. 

In Madison county ai'e the Catharine Lead Company anu the North American 
Lead Company, new and with fine plants, working the disseminated lead ore 
bodies on a large scale and mining nickel, cobalt and copper. The Mine La 
Motte property, under new management, has enlarged its milling capacity. This 
property has been made famous by its output of nickel and cobalt, which, even 
prior to 1903, was in excess of the entire output of all other States. Under the 



Companies with 
latest machinery 
for operation. 



Four plants doing 
large business. 



172 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Zinc and lead ores 
mined in 
twenty-two 
counties. 



Growth of zinc 
mining. 




KANSAS & TEXAS COAL COMPANY, MINE NO. 33. 



new methods employed during the year 1903, a large amount of nickel, cobalt, 
and copper has been mined, with a total valuation of $276,400, a sum five times 
as large as for any former year. The nickel product was worth $44,000; the 
cobalt, $288,000; and the copper ore, $4,400. 

Zinc and lead ores 
are mined in commer- 
cial quantities in twen- 
ty-two counties, and of 
this number seven coun- 
ties mine lead only. The 
zinc producing counties 
in every instance also 
produce lead, the two 
ores in many of the 
mines being closely as- 
sociated, in fact there 
are very few zinc mines 

in the State that do not also produce more or less lead. Zinc ores are found in 
commercial quantities in Jaspei", Newton, Lawrence, Jefferson, Greene, Moniteau, 
Benton, Ozark, Barry, Christian, Morgan, Hickory, Cole, Camden, and Wright 
counties. These counties are mentioned in the order of their importance as pro- 
ducers. Jefferson and Ozark counties produce silicate and carbonate only. 

There are other counties in which zinc ores occur. 

The first record we have of the utilization of zinc ores in this State was the 
erection of a small smelter at Potosi, Washington county, in 1867. In the west- 
ern district of this State where such enormous quantities have since been mined, 
the zinc ore was cast aside as worthless up to 1871. The first recorded output 
was for the year 1873, when it amounted to nine hundred and sixty tons, and 
sold for $9 per ton. With but slight fluctuation the price steadily increased from 
that time up to 1890, when it reached an average, for all grades, of $22.51 per 
ton. After 1890 the prices declined and fell to $15 per ton. During the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1894, this price was lower than it has been since 1877 and 
is accounted for by the great business depression which prevailed generally dur- 




HUNTINGTON SHAFT. 



MINING. 



173 



ing that period. From 1894 to 1899 the prices gradually increased until in later 
years the record breaking price was reached, or $34.33 per ton. This was fol- 
lowed by decline in prices to $33.70 for 1903, only a few cents below the highest 
price it ever reached. 



J>za^ram, j/iomnf ^/le praducfion. o/ Zinc Ores and ike 
a.i/era^e prices receii/ed from a^lc/'rades of i^ sa?7ie. 



Prodi^ct 


Vearj r889 to ^903. inclusi'^/ 


7nce 
Torv 


in 

TOTZS. 


/S89 


■fS90 


f89f 


789i 


7893 


789^ 


7S'9S 


7896 


7897 


7S98 


7899 


7900 


7907 


7902 


7903 


Z^O 000 






























1 
1 


3^.00 


Z 30.000 




























A 


1 


33.00 


Z 20.000 




























/) 


\ 


32. 00 


z^o.ooo 


























1 


1 


\ 


3/ .00 


Z 00-900 
























r 


J 


1 
1 




30.00 


■/90.000 
























'"V 


/ 


1 




Z9.00 


f 80.000 






















y' 


\ 




1 




28.0 


/ 70 000 






















: 


\ 








27.00 


/ 60 000 






















1 : 




1 

1 






26 00 


fSO.OOO 




















1 


1 
1 




\ 1 
\ 1 






2S.00 


^4-0.000 






















1 
1 




\l 






Z-f 00 


f 30000 










A 












1 

1 




'w 






23.00 


/ZOO 00 




..-^ 




/ 


\ 










1 












2 2. 00 


■fi 0.000 


y 




1 


'-\ 


\ 








1 


1 
1 












Z /.OO 


90000 






/ 




\ 
\ 


\ 








1 












Zo.oo 


9o 000 




y 


^ 




\ 

\ 


V 


/ \ 




J 


J 












79.00 


80.000 


/ 


'' 












/ 


-/ 














78. 00 


7 000 












\ 


/ 


















7 7 00 


60.000 












I 


' 


















76. 00 


SO.OOO 












\ / 
1/ 




















7S.00 



.Price. 
. Product 



Production of zinc 
ores and prices 
received. 



}fears ^S89 to -fSOJ Z7zc^iisii/e. eTTziraceJiical- ifearj eTidm^ JuTie 30^^ 

The prices given are average prices and embrace those paid for all grades, 
including the silicates, which bring only about half the amount paid for good 
"jack." During the year 1899, the price for zinc ore reached the surprising sum 
of $52 per ton. This 
was but temporary, 
however, although 
it continued long 
enough to attract 
the attention o f 
speculators from 
all sections of the 
country, with the 
result that many 
"fake" enterprises 
deceived the unini- 
tiated, and many 
worthless proper- 
ties were sold for 
fabulous sums. The coal mine, putnam county. 



Result of temporary 
high prices. 







/^^ 






Hk^^cc ' -^^HHH 








Ril^ 


f^ h ,'- 1 f jBHHf^wiP*^^*^^*^ 


felH 


iL. 




^II9HHB 


i^^ 



174 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



WEBB CITY, 
JOPLIN AND 
CARTERVILLE 

SCENES. 




Estimate of zinc 
output of State. 



Deeper mines and 
better equipped 
plants. 



ZINC PRODUCTION 



Joplin district suffered for a time as a result of this wild speculation, but tlie 
foundation for a great and paying industry was there and stable conditions were 
soon restored. During 1903 the price of ore reached $42.50 per ton, but it should 
be remembered that the highest figures refer to the very highest grade, averag- 
ing between $33 and $37 per ton for many months during the year. For the year 
as a whole, the data at hand justifies an estimate of two hundred and twelve 
thousand two hundred and fifty-seven tons, at $34, which makes the output worth 

$7,216,736. The product of Mis- 
souri zinc mines from 1873 to the 
present, unlike the price received 
from the ore, has made a continu- 
ous increase with but one excep- 
tion, which naturally followed the 
great business depression of 1893 
and 1894. 

Although the expenditure of 
more time and money in develop- 
ment work is necessary, as deeper 
mining is undertaken and there is 
the slight added cost of handling 
more water and hoisting material 
from greater depths, the cost of 
producing zinc ore has advanced 
but little. In fact, the improved 
methods for handling and clean- 
ing and saving ore which are prac- 
ticed by the best equipped plants 
more than offsets the greater cost 
of working deeper mines. Many 
tracts of land that were worked 
years ago to shallow depths and abandoned as worked out, have been reopened 
at greater depths, where are found extensive ore bodies which promise much 
better results than were obtained in the former shallow mines. 



YEAR 


TONS 


PRICE 


PER TON 


VALUE 


1889 


82,357 


$ 


21.44 


$ 1,765,744 


1890 


100,248 




22.51 


2,256,582 


189I 


123,752 




21.60 


2,673,043 


1892 


131,488 




21 .76 


2,861,178 


1893 


108,591 




20.57 


2,245,028 


1894 


89,150 




15.00 


1,337,910 


1895 


101,294 




16.86 


1,707,665 


1896 


92,754 




19-75 


1,831,856 


1897 


93,148 




18.32 


1,706,947 


1898 


139,668 




20.96 


2,927,321 


1899 


181,430 




34-3 3 


5,974,624 


1900 


186,290 




30.65 


5,711,631 


I9OI 


224,074 




23.70 


5,308,671 


1902 


234,903 




30.84 


7,052,819 


1903 


212,257 




34.00 


7,216,736 


Total 


2,101,404 


$ 


25.02 


$ 52,577,755 



MINING. 



175 



#v 




LAFAYETTE COUNTY COAL MINE. 

Missouri was the first State west of Ohio to produce and smelt iron ore. Iron 
ores are found in nearly every county in south Missouri and in a few counties 
north of the Missouri river. They are chiefly confined to the Silurian rocks, 
probably ninety-five per cent of the six hundred and thirty-six iron ore localities, 
which have been mapped out in the State, occurring in this formation. Some, 
however, are found in the lower carboniferous rocks, and some immense deposits 
(now largely worked out) occurred in the Algonkian rocks and the Archean 
porphyries of southeast Missouri. A few carbonate and unimportant limonite 
deposits lie in the coal measures of the extreme west and northwestern portion 
of the State. The most extensive deposits now known are in Phelps, Crawford, 
Franklin, Dent, Iron, St. Francois, Bollinger, Wayne, Butler, Ripley, Carter, 
Oregon, Shannon, Ozark, Howell, Miller, Camden, Morgan, Benton, and St. Clair 
counties. 

The total product of the State, to date, is between eight and nine million 
tons, the leading producing counties having been in the order of importance; St. 
Francois, with nearly three and three-quarter million tons; Ii'on, with one and 
three-quarter million tons; Crawford, with nearly one million tons; and Phelps, 
with three-quarters of a million tons. Fifty, or nearly half of the counties of the 
State, have important iron ore deposits. 



Iron ore easily 
mined in 
Missouri. 



Where the iron ore 
is found. 






RAY COUNTY COAL MINE AND FARM SCENE. 



176 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Missouri has 
produced iron 
ore aggregating 
$35,000,000. 



Character and 
product of some 
Missouri iron 
mines. 



Charcoal used for 
fuel. 



ZINC MINING PLANTS ON MINOR & ROGERS LAND, AURORA. 

Missouri has produced in the neighborhood of $35,000,000 worth of iron ore, 
her largest output having been previous to the decline in production at the Iron 
Mountain and Pilot Knob mines. In 1887 Missouri produced about four hundred 
and thirty thousand tons of iron ore, but the product gradually diminished until 
1900, after which, owing to better prices and an increased demand, the industry 
has revived in the State, and the annual output is again increasing. 

The important ores from which iron is produced in Missouri are hematite 
and limonite, the former producing about two hundred pounds more iron to the 
ton than the latter. 

The Cherry Valley Mine, in Crawford county, has produced over a half mil- 
lion tons of ore; the Simmons Mountain 
Mine, in Dent county, over one quarter 
million tons, and the Meramec Mine, in 
Phelps county, three hundred and seven- 
ty-flve thousand tons. The quality of this 
class of ore is excellent, it is very high 
in metallic iron and very low in sulphur 
and phosphorous, and is also easily smelt- 
ed. In the past two or three years a 
number of new and important ore bodies 
have been found, and it may be safely pre- 
dicted that new discoveries will be made 
in the years to come, and that in this dis- 
trict, especially in Shannon, Phelps, Dent 
and Crawford counties, the iron industry 
will thrive far into the future. A large 
modern smelter has recently been com- 
pleted at Sligo, in Dent county, for the 
smelting of these ores. Charcoal is used 
for a fuel, and, in burning it, by-products 
are saved, including large quantities of 
wood alcohol. 

While limonites occur wherever the 
Silurian limestones, or Cambrian forma- Catherine lead co., madison county. 




MINING. 



177 




JIG BOOM, CONSOLIDATED LEAD COMPANY, DESUKJE, ST. FRANCOIS COUNTV. 



tions, exist in the State, and to some extent in the younger formations, they are 
principally distributed along the southeastern slope of the Ozarks and on the 
western slope, up the valley of the Osage river and its tributaries. The limonite 
ores of Missouri, even the more silicious ones, carry a higher percentage of iron 
than the red hematite ores of Alabama, or the limonites of Pennsylvania. Many 
of them are comparatively free from phosphorus, and it is possible that large 
bodies will be found sufficiently free from this element to render the ore useful 
for Bessemer processes. 
The red hematite ores 
of Missouri occur as dis- 
tinct beds in the coal 
measure and Lower Car- 
boniferous rocks, and, un- 
like the other iron ores 
of the State, their geo- 
logical age Is definitely 
fixed. Inaccessibility and 
comparative cost of min- 
ing have hindered the 
production of these ores, 
but with the extension of 
railroads, many of the 
red hematite deposits of 
the State will become ex- 
tremely valuable. 

Mo. — 12 



Higher percentage 
of iron ore than 
the limonites (,f 
Pennsylvania. 




I;ijK l{i;.\ LEAD (OiirA.NV, 
fLAT KIVER, 87. I KANXOIS COC.NTT. 



178 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Pilot Knob and 
Iron Mountain. 



First furnace 
erected in the 
State. 



History of Iron 
Mountain. 





-f^ 



IN A MORGAN 
COUNTY COAL MINE; 

IIUHBARD & MOOKE. 



ore in 1836, but mining 
changed hands several times. 
Local smelting was continued un- 
til the year 1877, at which time 
over one hundred and ninety-two 
thousand tons of pig iron had 
been produced. After this date 
the ore was shipped to other 
points for smelting. Two classes 
of ore occur here: first, vein de- 
posits, the largest of which origi- 
nally had a maximum thickness 
at the surface of sixty feet or 
more, but which rapidly nar- 
row in depth, and ultimately di- 
vide into two separate veins, va- 
rying in width from twelve to 



Specular ores of the porphyry district occur princi- 
pally at Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob, and in 
their immediate vicinity. The Pilot Knob district 
has produced nearly two million tons of ore, the 
Iron Mountain, over three and one half million 
tons. At both of these points the richer ores have 
apparently been exhausted, and only "clean up" 
work is at present in progress. It is claimed that 
by recent drill work, the main veins have been dis- 
covered at small distances from the point where 
they were lost or thinned out in the original work- 
ings. If this is true Missouri can expect in the im- 
mediate future to regain her prominence as an iron 
producing State, but the assertion must at present 
be looked upon with grave doubt. 

In 1815 the first iron furnace was erected in 
the State at a point near Ironton, where ores from 
Shepard Mountain, a short distance from Pilot 
Knob, were used. The ore from Pilot Knob proper 
was first mined in 1835. The Pilot Knob ores are 
fine grained and massive with often slated struc- 
ture. They are very low in phosphorous and in 
general make a high grade Bessemer product; but 
with rich and pure ore there is also associated a 
great deal of lean and impure material. 

The cross-section, made by Prof. W. B. Potter, 
shows in a graphic way, the manner in which the 
ore occurs. 

Iron Mountain came into the possession of a 
company organized for the purpose of mining iron 
was only begun in 1844, after the property had 
The first smelting was done in 1846. 




LIVINGSTONE MINE, ZINC ON WAGON, HOWELL COUNTY. 






■3t 

I- - 




/? ero35-^eef/on f'fyrough P/M/<nob. 



MINING. 



179 




ZINC MINING SCENE, LAWRENCE COUNTY. 

eighteen feet. This ore is comparatively high in phosphorous. Second, the bowl- 
der or conglomerate ore, which is similar in origin to the bowlder formations at 
Pilot Knob, These latter ores are comparatively (sometimes wholly) free from 
phosphorous. 

Traces of silver are found in most of the lead ores of southeast Missouri, 
in some localities in paying quantities. The Einstein Silver Mine, on the St. 
Francis river, in Madison county, has thus far been the only producer. 

Gold has been occasionally found as a placer deposit, in the glacial drift of 
northern Missouri, while traces of this metal occur in some of the silver-lead 
ores of Madison county. 

The copper ores are widely distributed in the southern half of the State. 
In the zinc mines of southwest Missouri chalcopyrite crystals are abundant, but 
not sufficiently so to be commercially important as an ore. Copper mines have 
been opened in Shannon, Ste. Genevieve, Phelps and Franklin counties, but up 
to the present time, not more than twenty thousand dollars worth of ore has 
been produced. 

Manganese ore occurs in 
southeast Missouri, princi- 
pally in Iron, Wayne, and 
Madison counties. 

Nickel and cobalt occur 
associated with the lead ores 
of southeast Missouri, and 
are especially abundant on the 
Mine La Motte tract, in Madi- 
son county. Several hundred 
thousand dollars worth of 
nickel and cobalt ore is now 
lying on the "dump" at this 
place, awaiting treatment at 
the new refinery, which will 
be in operation in the spring 
of 1904. This will be the only alpha mine, only gold mine in the state. 




Silver and gold 
found in 
Missouri. 



Copper and 

manganese found 
in small 
quantities. 



Nickel and cobalt 



among 
Missouri's 
mineral 
resources. 



180 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 





f*- -^,£'?^ 


-* ' ' 




"-:;eiam 




^^^^^^^^r^^ ,^ 






^™^ "S?™ ' ■ 


1 ' 








■''^ssr^iriWW 


- ^smt 



Immense cement 
manufacturing 
plants. 



Missouri leads all 
States in the 
production of 
barite. 



Ahead of the world 
in tripoli. 



MACON COUNTY COAL MINE. 



plant in the United 
States for the refin- 
ing of nickel and co- 
balt ores, the produc- 
tion of which will 
become an important 
industry in Missouri 
in the immediate fu- 
ture. 

Pure lime rock 
is found in almost 
every section of the 
State, and Missouri is one of the greatest lime producers in the Union. At 
various points, suitable shales are associated with pure limestone, so that the 
best materials are at hand for the manufacture of Portland cement, and the 
industry is becoming a very large one in the State. Immense cement manu- 
facturing plants have been erected at Hannibal and Louisiana. 

Plate glass of the best quality has been manufactured for many years on a 
very large scale at St. Louis and Crystal City, and a new plant has been re- 
cently established near Valley Park, on the Frisco railroad. A very pure 
silica is obtained for the plate glass industry from a lower Silurian sandstone, 
the supply coming mostly from Pacific and Crystal City. 

Missouri leads all other States in the production of barite, the output for 
1902 amounting to 36,602,790 pounds. "Washington county is the largest pro- 
ducer, while large amounts are annually mined in Jefferson, Franklin, St. Fran- 
cois, Miller, and Morgan counties. It is used chiefly in the manufacture of paint. 
A material, commercially known as tripoli, which probably results from the 
decomposition of beds of chert, occurs at several points in the State, and is 
very extensively quarried at Seneca, in Newton county. The bed of tripoli at 
Seneca is from 80 to 100 acres in extent, and varies in thickness from 10 to 25 
feet. The material is ground in immense quantities into a flour, which is used 
as a polishing powder. Over 20,000,000 pounds of it are produced annually. It 
is also largely manufactured into blotters and filters. In its production Mis- 
souri leads all other States. The tripoli bed at Seneca is the largest in the 
world. 

Gravels and mortar sands are abundant in the State and are widely used. 
Trap rocks of the best quality for road macadam occur in southeast Mis- 
souri, but have not as yet been utilized. 




WHITE LIMESTONE QUAEKY, CABTHAOE. 



MINING. 



181 




BIRD S EYE VIEW OF SENECA, NEWTON COUNTY. 



Missouri has a great variety and inexhaustible quantity of clays. They 
have been utilized for many years, in many ways. Structural and ornamental 
brick of the highest grade are produced on a vast scale. The finest quality of 
terra cotta, great quantities of sewer pipe, paving brick, roofing and drain tile, 
pottery, fire brick and a general line of refractory materials are manufactured 
at various points in the State, while ball clays and kaolins for porcelain manu- 
facture and a variety of fire clays are mined in large quantities and shipped 
away in the raw state. 

Brick clays occur in the meadows and river bottoms all over Missouri, and 
are especially abundant over the plains of the northern and western portions of 
the State. The most important brick clay, however, is known as the loess, a 
sedimentary deposit, which rests upon the bluffs of the Mississippi and Missouri 
rivers and their tributaries. It extends back from the rivers for a distance of 
ten or twelve miles, and varies in thickness from 10 to 50 feet. It is a yellowish, 
porous clay, very resistant to the weathering forces of nature, easily worked, 
and adapted to the manufacture of both common building brick, and the finest 
grades of ornamental brick. It is utilized most extensively in; St. Louis, Kan- 
sas City, and St. Joseph, where millions of brick are made from it each year. 
There are nearly four hundred brick yards in the State which produce from 
three and a half to four million dollars worth annually. 

For the manufacture of sewer pipes in Missouri, inferior grades of fire clay 
are used, mixed with brick clays and shales, the latter as well as the fire clays 
occurring in inexhaustible quantities in the measures. The sewer pipe industry 
is second only in importance to the building brick. Most of the sewer pipe is 
made in St. Louis, although considerable quantities are produced in Kansas 
City, in Henry county, and nearby. The annual product is valued at from one 
to one and one-quarter million dollars. 



Missouri ranks 
foremost in clays. 



Brick clays of 
finest quality. 



Sewer pipe made 
extensively. 




^M^^^gni 



POE BUN LEAD COMPANY CONCENTBATING MILLS. CAPACITY 750 TONS DAILY. 



182 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Rich beds of fine 
clays. 



Pottery clays in 
abundance. 



Kaolins frequently 
found. 




WHITE LEAD WOKKS, JOPLIN, LARGEST IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Missouri has long been coted for its liigh grade refractory materials pro- 
duced from the fire clays occurring in the coal measure outlayer of St. Louis 
county and city, in the coal measure deposits of north central Missouri, and in 
innumerable pockets in the limestone and sandstone formations in the central- 
eastern portion of the State. Extensive and thick beds of excellent fire clay 
occur and are worked in Callaway and Audrain counties, but the best known 
fire clays of the State are those of St. Louis, where they are carefully treated, 
exposed to the influence of weather for years, washed, and finally made into 
glass house-pots, and such articles as can only be produced from the finest 
quality of fire clay, where the elements of strength and durability are as im- 
portant as the refractory property. The coal measure clays are plastic, while 
the pocket varieties which are worked extensively along the Wabash and Frisco 
railroads, are non-plastic and are known as flint clays. The annual value of the 
fire clay products of the State is approximately one million dollars. The pav- 
ing brick clays, which are more properly called shales, occur mostly in the coal 
measures, and are found in inexhaustible quantities in the northern half of the 
State, and practically along its whole western border. 

Paving brick have been produced in the State for the last fifteen years. Thb 
annual product is valued at about four million dollars. 

Clay suitable for the manufacture of pottery is found in abundance in 
many parts of the State. Shales ai-e to some extent employed, and many impure 
fire clays. They carry a comparatively high per cent of fluxing impurities. For 
the better grades of ware, those free from iron are selected. The industry is 
not as large as it should be, and there remain splendid opportunities for its de- 
velopment. The value of the annual product is not far from $200,000. 

Kaolins, or clays which rank commercially as kaolins owing to their free- 
dom from iron, are confined mostly to the southern and especially to the south- 
eastern portion of the State. They occur abundantly in pockets in the lime- 
stone rocks. Their production is confined almost wholly to Johnson and Bollin- 
ger counties. The product is mostly shipped out of the State. It is probable 
that with more careful methods of sorting and handling this clay, the demand 
for it will increase, and that the industry will become a larger one in the future. 

The terra cotta industry depends for success upon artistic skill and ability 
to mix and handle clays, in order to mould, dry and burn the large and elegant 




LEAD SMELTEBS AT HERCULANEIJ Al, .JLilKliSON COUMTV. 



MINING. 



183 




CARBONATE OF ZINC MliNE 
NEAB WEST PLAINS. 



pieces which in recent years have been produced 
in St. Louis for structural and ornamental pur- 
poses. 

The tile and flower pot industries are scattered 
over the State, the drain tile plants being chiefly 
conflned to the northern portion, while the roofing 
tile are manufactured only In St. Louis. Alto- 
gether the annual output of these products will not 
exceed $150,000 in value. 

In former years immense quantities of surface 
clay, known as "gumbo" has been burned for bal- 
last along the railroads crossing the prairies of the 
northern portion of the State. In some years, the 
product has been valued at over one million dol- 
lars. 

The clay industries of the State are in a flourishing condition, the annual 
output ranging from eight to ten million dollars. 

Missouri is no less well supplied with building stones than with clays. They 
are found in every section of the State. In the coal measures, in the north and 
west limestones and sandstones are omnipresent, and there are several beds of 
marble of good color and susceptible of a high polish. The limestones and sand- 
stones are worked locally in all sections of this district, and the limestones are 
extensively quarried in Jackson and Buchanan counties, while in Johnson county 
and Warrensburg, a number of large quarries have been operated for many years 
in the massive beds of brown sandstones which occur there. In the lower car- 
boniferous formation, which extends from Clark county, in the northeast, to Mc- 
donald, in the southwest, and along its southeastern extension through Lincoln, 
St. Charles, and St. Louis into Ste. Genevieve counties, immense quantities of 
high grade limestone are quarried. It is durable and much of it readily submits 
to fine tool work and carving, and it takes a good polish. The beds vary in color 
from white to drab, and many of them are filled with fossils, which add much 
to the attractiveness of the stone when polished. Immense quantities of these 
limestones are quarried in the city of St. Louis, for foundations, buildings, curb- 
ings, paving stones, etc., while at Carthage, in southwest Missouri, they are 
quarried on a large scale for high grade structural work, monuments, etc. The 
Jasper county court house, at Carthage, built of Carthage limestone, is one of the 
handsomest stone buildings in the west. 



Tile and flower pot 
industries. 



Gumbo valued at 
a million dollars. 



Building stone in 
every section of 
the State. 




MYKTLE D. MINE, CAETEEVILLE, JASPEB COUNTY. 



184 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



COUNTIES PRODUCING COAL, LEAD AND ZINC DURING THE YEAR 1902, OUTPUT OF EACH 

AND VALUE OF SAME. 





TONS OF 


AMOUNT REc'd 


TONS OF 


AMOUNT REc'd 


TONS OF 


AMOUNT REc'd 


TOTAL rec'd 


COUNTIES 


ZINC ORE 


FOR ZINC 


COAL 


FOR COAL 


LEAD ORE 


FOR LEAD ORE 


FOR COAL, LEAD 




MINED 


PRODUCT 


MINED 


PRODUCT 


MINED 




AND ZINC 


Adair 


1 




312,403 


$ 384,926 






$ 384,926 


Audrain 


1 




33,435 


52,467 






52,467 


Barry 


"5 


$ 1,610 










1,610 


Barton 






200,433 


238,308 






238,308 


Bates 






359,061 


381,508 






381,508 


Benton 


800 


21,600 






272 


$ 13,290 


34,890 


Boone 






23,609 


36,307 






36,307 


Caldwell 






11,853 


19,902 






19,902 


Callaway 






24,483 


40,660 






40,660 


Camden 










85 


3,825 


3,825 


Carroll 






1,985 


3,670 






3,670 


Cass 






1,350 


3,037 






3,037 


Cedar 






3,107 


4,602 






4,602 


Chariton 






2,025 


3,592 






3,592 


Christian 










180 


8,100 


8,100 


Clay 






8,052 


13,688 






13,688 


Cole 






1,045 


1,822 


107 


4,708 


6,530 


Cooper 






945 


2,170 






2,170 


Crawford 










172 


7,908 


7,908 


Dade 


150 


4,200 


5,180 


7,45 3 


90 


4,140 


15,793 


Franklin 










1,309 


63,403 


63,403 


Greene 


1,444 


42,874 






342 


15,500 


58,374 


Grundy 






34,936 


63,232 






63,232 


Henry 






91,616 


149,718 






149,718 


Hickory 


21 


546 






43 


1,892 


2,438 


Howard 






4,350 


9,050 






9,050 


Jasper 


193,351 


5,997,029 






23,253 


1,045,720 


7,042,749 


Jackson 






21,000 


52,500 






52,500 


Jefferson 


2,023 


26,299 






750 


36,888 


63,187 


Johnson 






539,612 


16,517 






16,517 


Lafayette 






8,500 


920,479 






920,479 


Lawrence 


14,3^3 


420,300 






460 


21,066 


441,366 


Linn 






79,221 


139,440 






139,440 


Livingstone 






800 


1,400 






1,400 


Macon 






1,198,133 


1,330,107 






1,330,107 


Madison 










3,881 


* 176,970 


225,878 


Miller 










89 


3,782 


3,782 


Moniteau 


832 


28,998 


143 


338 


866 


44,801 


74,137 


Monroe 






1,980 


3,465 






3,465 


Morgan 






446 


557 


160 


7,520 


8,077 


Montgomery 






2,400 


4,650 






4,650 


Newton 


21,434 


504,763 






3,213 


144,087 


648,850 


Nodaway 






1,590 


4,372 






4,372 


Ozark 


400 


4,400 










4,400 


Putnam 






125,543 


191,854 






191,857 


Ralls 






20,150 


28,355 






28,355 


Randolph 






450,181 


526,933 






526,933 


Ray 






280,162 


450,633 






450,633 


St. Clair 






3,139 


5,663 






5,663 


St. Francois 










88,734 


3,592,938 


3,592,938 


Saline 






205 


512 






512 


Schuyler 






3,373 


4,974 






4,974 


Vernon 






207,126 


226,964 






226,964 


Washington 










2,794 


120,343 


120,343 


W right 

TOTAL 1902 


10 


200 






29 


1,276 


1,476 


234,903 


$ 7,052,819 


4,063,572 


$ 5,325,832 


126,829 


$ 5,367,065 


$ 17,745,716 


TOTAL 1903 

DECREASE 


212,257 


7,216,738 


4,600,000 


6,716,000 


142,547 


7,002,936 


20,935,674 


22,646 












INCREASE 




163,919 


536,428 


$ 1,390,168 


15,718 


$ 1,635,871 


$ 3,189,958 


*Nickel and Cobalt [ 


iroduct 19c 


2, 48,908. ^ 


ickel and Col 


alt to be added 


to above ti 


jures for 1903, 


iroduct valued 


at $300,000. 

















MINING. 



185 




CLACK DIAMOND MINE, BEVIER. 



The Silurian formations which occupy 
the greater portion of the southern half of 
the State, and outcrop in a few counties 
north of the Missouri river, supply endless 
quantities of limestone and sandstone, of 
many varieties; while along the southern 
tier of counties, and the southeast border of 
this formation very handsome marbles occur 
in thick beds and varying colors, from cream, 
pink and rose tints to dark chocolate. They 
take a high polish and will doubtless in time 



Limestones, 
sandstones and 
marbles. 



be extensively quarried, but at present are little developed, owing to lack of 
transportation facilities. 

The Silurian limestones vary much in quality in different localities. Some- 
times the beds are thin seams and make an excellent flagging and sidewalk ma- 
terial, but more often they are massive. They are generally magnesian, and 
often silicious and very hard, although they dress well and make handsome 
building stone. The first story of the new building of the School of Mines, at 
Rolla, is built of magnesian limestone quarried in Phelps county. 

Sandstones are also abundant in this formation, and are extensively used for 
local purposes, especially for sidewalks, culverts, and foundations. 

In southeastern Missouri, the Archean granites and porphyries are quar- 
ried on a large scale, the latter for paving stones, and the former for both pav- 
ing stones and dimension material. The granites occur in Shannon, Reynolds, 
Wayne, Madison, Iron, Washington, St. Francois, and Ste. Genevieve counties. 
The quarrying of granite has been confined to outcrops along the lines of the 
Iron Mountain and Southern and Belmont Branch railroads. These I'ocks occur 
in color varying from gray to pink and red; some are fine grained, and some 
coarse, while all take a high polish and are readily tool worked. Blocks of any de- 
sirable size are obtainable. The Allen monument, erected in Pittsfield, Massachu- 
setts, was taken from quarries of the Syenite Granite Company, at Granitevilie, 
Iron county. It is forty-two feet high and four and one-half feet square at the 
base, and is a single piece of granite. The columns in front of the Studebaker 
building, in Chicago, ten in number, each eighteen feet high, four and one- 
half feet in diameter, and weighing about eighteen tons, were quarried and 
dressed by this company. 

The area in which gas, oil, and asphaltum are found is everywhere under- 
laid by the beds of the lower coal measures, the equivalent of the Cherokee 
shales of the Kansas geological survey. The lower coal measures are here 
made up of thin alternating beds of shale, sandstone and coal. These beds are 
extremely irregular, varying decidedly in thickness within short distances, and 
also frequently changing in composition. Some of the sandstones, especially 
those near the middle and base of the formation, are saturated with asphaltum 
and asphaltic oil. The lower coal measures thin out rapidly with asphaltum 
and finally disappear. This formation rests upon the Mississippian limestone, 
which dips strongly to the northwest at the rate of 10 to 20 feet to the mile. 
By reference to the geological map of Missouri, it will be noticed that the 
lower coal measures enter the State from Kansas in the northwest part of 
Jasper county. In this 
geological horizon, and 
especially within the 
neighborhood of about 
15 to 25 miles from its 
eastern border, will 
probably be found the 
most profitable deposits 
of asphalt oil and as- 
phaltum. Farther t o 
the west, within certain clay mining and manufacture, brookfield, linn county. 



Paving stones and 
dimension 



Gas, oil and 
asphaltum. 




186 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



-4 



s&. 




limits, will be found whatevei' oil and gas there is in the State. The 

Where natural gas whole northwestern corner of the State is overlaid by the upper coal measures. 

may be found. The lower coal measures in Missouri are outlined on their southern edge by 

rather thick beds of ferruginous sandstone, and these coal measures everywhere 

overlie the Burlington period 
of the Mississippian lime- 
stone. Between the top of 
the Mississippian and the 
bottom of the upper coal 
measures will be found what 
ever profitable deposits of 
petroleum, natural gas, as- 
phaltic oil and asphaltum 
may exist in any locality in 
this region. 

A further examination of 
the geological map of Mis- 
souri will show that the St. 
Louis and San Francisco 
Railway practically outlines 
the crest of the Ozark uplift, 
the drainage being on either 
side of the railway system. The Ozark mountains are represented by a very 
greatly eroded plateau, and a cross-section shows sharp fractured and faulted 
folds at and on either side of the crest. Ini the deep fissures formed by these 
fractures, esrccially in the southwestern part are found veins of lead and zinc. 
Farther west, where the folds are more gentle and are not fractured, and where 
they extend through the lower coal measures, will be found whatever profita- 
ble deposits of oil or gas may occur in the State. 

Passing from the Kansas oil field eastward into Missouri, the Cherokee 
shales rise rapidly until they come to the surface along the line of contact be- 
tween the coal measures and the lower carboniferous, as outlined on the geolog- 
ical map. From the Kansas field, going eastward, the opportunities for evapora- 
tion are constantly greater, and the volatile products being given off, there is 
left, first, a thick oil, next asphaltic oil containing about equal parts of asphalt 
and lubricating oil, and lastly, where the sandstones of the Cherokee beds come 
to the surface along the feather edge of contact, nothing but the residual asphalt, 



JOHNSOiS' S SHUT-IN, EEYNOLDS COUNTY. 



Through the lower 
coal measures. 



In the Cherokee 
Shales. 




lli^a. - M. 







•^\^''J"' ..-j 



AT ATJLAS POKTLAND CEMENT COMPANY'S PLANT, BALLS COUNTY, 



MINING. 



187 



which saturates the rocks, is left. This asphaltic sandstone has a thickness, 
near Sheldon, of 24 feet, and near Liberal of 20 feet, and outcrops at various 
points along the contact border throughout the State. This asphaltic sandstone 
is a natural paving material, such as has been used for many years in Germany, 
and is now being developed in California and Kentucky. It should be recog- 
nized as one of the important resources of Missouri. 

Midway between this asphaltic rock and the Kansas oil field, drill holes 
along the western border of Missouri strike the thick, tenacious asphaltic oil 
before mentioned. This oil frequently drains out of rocks and spreads upon 
the surface of seepage springs, forming the so-called "tar springs." It is fre- 
quently used by farmers as a natural lubricant. Chemically, it may be separated 
into the finest kind of lubricating oil and a superior grade of asphalt. 

Few countries in the world possess so abundant a supply of potable water 
as the State of Missouri. This is especially true of the southern half of the 
State, which may be called a region of springs. Two of the largest rivers in 



Missouri's abundant 
supply of potable 
water. 



JASPER COUNTY MINES 

I'KOSPERITY, 

WEBB CITY, 

JOPLIN. 




K 




springs. 



the world, the Missouri and the Mississippi, traverse the breadth and length 
of this State, and into the drainage basins of these two streams flow many large 
tributaries, nearly all the latter being fed by springs of remarkable size and 
purity of water. North of the Missouri river the State is covered by glacial drift. 
Here the springs are small and less frequent, but an abundant supply of good ^''.^frTnp.r'^ ^""^^"^ 
water is everywhere obtained from wells in the glacial gravels. South of the 
Missouri the drift is absent, and erosion has generally cut deep valleys along 
the borders of the Ozark plateau. Here are found some of the largest and 
purest springs in the world — in fact, nearly every farm possesses one or more 
springs of some sort. As examples of some of the great springs, Greer spring, 
in Oregon county, has a flow of 42,000 cubic feet per minute, or 456,390,000 gal- 
lons per day. Mammoth spring, in Shannon county, has a flow of 35,280 cubic 
feet per minute; Blue or Round spring, in the same county, has a flow of 25,500 
cubic feet per minute; Bennett's spring, in Dallas county, has a flow of 1,500 
cubic feet per minute; Ha Ha Tonka spring, in Camden county, has a flow of 
14,760 cubic feet per minute; Meramec spring in Phelps county has a flow of 
7,500 cubic feet per minute; while Mammoth spring in Arkansas, just over 



188 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




ytAtf 



■! "^ 




FIRE BRICK WORKS, FULTON, CALLAWAY COUNTY. 



Mineral springs in 
various localities 



Excelsior Spring?. 



the Missouri line, has a flow of 21,000 cubic feet per minute. These waters con- 
tain fi"oin twelve to eighteen grains of mineral matter to the gallon — mainly 
carbonates of lime and magnesia. 

The State abounds in mineral springs, representing nearly all the varieties 
of mineral water, many of them being excellently equipped with hotels, bath 
houses and pleasure grounds, rendering them attractive health resorts. Some of 
them have acquired more than a local reputation. The largest and most popular 
resort in the State is Excelsior Springs, in Clay county, a beautiful little city 
lighted by electricity and with a good sewer system, fine hotels, bath houses, and 
ample pleasure grounds, all of which have been developed since the discovery of 
the springs in 1880. The two most important of the springs here are the "Re- 
gent" and "Siloam," both ferro-manganese waters which have their source in the 
coal measures shales. In the "Regent" spring, the manganese bicarbonate, 
(.9821 grains per gallon) aids in the assimilation in the human system of the 

ferrous bicarbonate 
(3.4376 grains per 
gallon). Two drill 
wells, the "Sulpho- 
saline," 1460 feet 
deep and the "Salt- 
sulphur," 1370 feet 
deep, have been sunk 
in the vicinity, fur- 
nishing sulpho-saline 
waters which are a 
fortunate combina- 
tion with the ferro- 
manganese, as they 
counteract the as- 
tringent properties of 
the latter. The "Re- 
gent" and "Sulpho- 
saline" waters are 
carbonated and ship- 
ped to all parts of 




COAL SEVENTY-THBEE FEET THICK, IN MOBGAN COUNTY. 



MINING. 



189 




BACHELOR S HOPE MINE, PITTSBURG. 



the country. The similarity of these waters to those of St. Moritz and Mont 
d'Or, in Switzerland and France, has been shown. 

Among other noted chalybeate springs in the State are Pertle Springs, in 
Johnson county; Eldorado 
Springs, Cedar county; Randolph 
Springs, in Randolph county; 
White Springs, Madison county; 
Lebanon Magnetic Well, La- 
clede county, and Paris Springs, 
Lawrence county. 

Of the alkaline waters. Pan- 
acea Spring, in Barry county; 
the Windsor Springs, Henry 
county; Climax Springs, Camden 
county; Siloam Springs, Howell 
county; Plattsburg Spring, Clin- 
ton county; Cusenbury Spring, Jackson county; the artesian well, at Clinton, 
Henry county, and the Nevada well, Vernon county, may be mentioned. 

Of the sulphatic waters, the B. B. Springs, of Pike county, carrying 569 grains 

of saline matter to the gallon, of 
whick 475 are manganesian sul- 
phate, or epsom salts, and the 
Lineville mineral well, in Mercer 
county, carrying 180 grains of 
sodium sulphate to the gallon, 
and Chouteau Springs, in Cooper 
county, are the most prominent. 
Of the muriatic waters. Sweet 
Springs, in Saline county, was, 
until the burning of its large ho- 
tel a few years ago, one of the 
most popular resorts in the State. 
A considerable quantity of this 
water is now carbonated and 
shipped. McAlister Springs, in 
the same county, is rapidly be- 
coming a health resort. The 
Montesano Springs, in Jefferson county, and the Belcher artesian well, in St. 
Louis; the Monegaw Springs of St. Clair county; the Spaulding artesian well in 
Ralls county, interesting as one of the oldest artesian wells in the country, hav- 
ing been sunk in 1823, 
the Brunswick deep 
well, in Chariton coun- 
ty; the artesian wells 
in Henry county; the 
sulpho-saline wells at 
Excelsior Springs, in 
Clay county, already re- 
ferred to, are all types 
of this group. 

A number of flowing 
artesian areas have 
been discovered in the 
State. One in the north- 
east corner extends 
from Clark to Pike 
county; there is an- 
other in St. Louis coun- 




ON THE CHARRETTE. 




Other notable 

mineral springs. 



Sweet Springs. 



Flowing artesian 
wells. 



CRUSHED STONE WORKS, CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 



190 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



IINING SCENES IN SOUTH MISSOURI. 





Water supply of 
Missouri towns. 




Mining education 
in the State. 




snider's quarry, iron county. 



ty; one on both sides of 
the Missouri river, in 
the central part of the 
State, extending from 
Jefferson City to Malta 
Bend; one in the north- 
west part of the State; 
one near Linn Creek, 
on the Osage; one at 
Clinton, in Henry coun- 
ty; one in Vernon coun- 
ty; one in southern 
Christian county; one 
in McDonald county; 
one at Campbell, in the 
southeastern part of the 
State, and one in Jef- 
ferson county. Spring- 
field, a city of 30,000 in- 
habitants, gets its en- 
tire water supply from Pul- 
bright spring, situated four 
miles from the town, and 
yielding 8,000,000 gallons 
per day; and Clinton is sup- 
plied by flowing artesian 
wells. 

Missouri has recognized 
the great and growing im- 
portance of the State's min- 
ing interest by the estab- 
lishment of a technical 
School of Mines and Metal- 
lurgy, a department of the 
State University, located at 
Rolla. The School of Mines is 
well equipped in buildings, 
laboratories, libraries, and 
teaching force for excellent 
work. It enrolls annually 
two hundred students, 
nearly one half from other 
States and foreign coun- 
tries, and the good result of 
its establishment and main- 
tenance has been amply de- 
monstrated. 




RiTATJON 



i 




TRANSPORTATION facilities are es essential in civil- 
ized States. The roadway, of what V^ ever material, is 
necessary for the exchange of V products. Com- 
merce can not exist, manufactories can not prosper with- 
out the aid of adequate transportation. Missouri ranks 
ninth among the States in present railway mileage, but with the com- 
pletion of systems under construction or planned, and the expansion 
of lines now in operation, the State will take higher rank. In naviga- 
ble waterways Missouri is among the leaders, counting the Mississippi 
the Missouri, and the smaller rivers. The commerce of the State has 
grown beyond the freight and passenger facilities and a system of 
double tracks has been begun upon the main lines. The canalization of 
the larger rivers will come with the increasing demand for cheap and 
augmented transportation. Macadamized roads, already largely con- 
structed in St. Louis, Jackson, Pike, Jasper, Boone, and other counties 
are being extended to other sections. There is an abundance of road 
material available. 

The railway main line mileage in Missouri, according to the oificial re- 
port of the Board of Railway and Warehouse Commissioners, is 6 976 13 
This is an increase during the last year of 572.37 miles. The accompa- 
nying railway map shows the location and extent. The total value of 
the railways in the State, as reported for taxation, is $86,698,663.28. 
There are fifty-seven companies, operating 147 lines of railway. Trains 
stop at 1,632 stations. The mileage by systems is: 

Arkansas and Oklahoma 2 20 miles 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 971 91 miles 

Bellevue Valley .■.'■.■.■ .W ^ 3:57 miles 

Chicago and Alton 263.65 miles 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 1,033.05 miles 

Chicago, Great Western ' g^'^Q ^jigg 

Chicago, Kansas City & Texas 20^20 miles 

(Now owned by and included in the mileage of 
Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City.) 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 140.27 miles 

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 232 41 miles 

Crystal Railway ; ' .' " ' 350 ^jj^g 

Des Moines & Kansas City ng^ miles 

(Now owned and included in C, B. & Q.) 
191 



SOUTHAVEST 
MISSOURI 
ELECTRIC 
RAILROAD 
CAR. 



192 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

Eureka Springs Railway 8.04 miles 

(Now St. Louis & North Arkansas.) 

Greenfield & Northern 37.67 miles 

(Now included in Frisco.) 
Hamilton & Kingston 8.04 miles 




r jCl!^nin':'rii^ 



r 3 




Missouri 

transportation 
facilities among 
the best. 



Kansas City Belt 6.33 miles 

Kansas City Bridge Terminal 8.00 miles 

Kansas City, Ft. Smith & Southern 49.00 miles 

(Now included in Kansas City Southern Mileage.) 

Kansas City, Clinton «S; Springfield 236.01 miles 

Kansas City & Independence Rapid Transit 11.97 miles 

Kansas City & Independence Air Line 5.58 miles 

The above lines have been absorbed by and are now known as 
Kansas City Southern from Belt Junction to Kansas City. .11.97 
Kansas City & Independence Air Line, Air Line Junction 

to Independence 5.58 17.55 miles 

Kansas City, Nevada & Ft. Smith 75.52 miles 

(Now included in K. C, C. & Springfield.) 
Kansas City, Osceola & Southern 115.29 miles 

(Now included in Frisco mileage.) 
Kansas City Suburban Belt 12.00 miles 

(Now included in Kansas City Southern.) 

Kansas City Southern 187.97 miles 

Kansas & Texas Coal Company 10.00 miles 

(Now known as Missouri & Louisiana.) 
Keokuk & Western 69.60 miles 

(Now C, B. & Q.) 

Manufactures Railway (in St. Louis) 66 miles 

Missouri and Louisiana Railway 10.00 miles 

Mississippi River & Bonne Terre 47.47 miles 

Missouri, Kansas & Texas 507.31 miles 

Missouri Pacific & Iron Mountain 1,328.07 miles 

Missouri Southern 20.15 miles 

Omaha & St. Louis 78.00 miles 

(Now included in Wabash.) 

Paragould & Southeastern 13.07 miles 

Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City 253.39 miles 

Rockport, Langdon & Northern 5.60 miles 



THAN S PORT Al' ION 



\m 




JSIKRAMEC RIVEK, NEAR VALLEY I'ARK, ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 



St. Clair, Madison & St. Louis Belt 1.87 miles 

St. Joseph & Grand Island 10.66 miles 

St. Joseph Terminal 8.35 miles 

St. Louis Merchants Bridge Terminal 7.44 miles 

St. Louis & Hannibal 103.00 miles 

St. Louis, Cape Girardeau & Ft. Scott 103.50 miles 

(Now St. Louis, Memphis & Southeastern.) 
St. Louis, Kennett & Southern 19.25 miles 

(Now included in St. Louis & Gulf.) 
St. Louis, Kansas City & Colorado 100.00 miles 



List of Missouri 
railway systems 




MISSOURI l-ACIIir RAILWAY HKllKiE 



1<)4 TIIK SrA IK OF MISSOTHI 



TRISCO TKAIN 

"THE METEOR." 





St. Louis, Memphis & Southeastern 214.59 miles 

St. Louis & Gulf 55.02 miles 

St. Louis & North Arkansas 7.82 miles 

St. Louis & San Francisco 570.93 

Purchase of Kansas City, F{. Scott & Memphis and 

other increase 529.99 1,100 92 miles 

, . ,. ... St. Louis & Southwestern 127.10 miles 

1. 1st ot Missouri 

railway systems. ^t. Louis Transfer 6.50 miles 

Terminal Railroad Association 2.29 miles 

Wabash 577.38 miles 

Williamsville, Greenville & St. Louis 25.00 miles 

Leavenworth, Terminal & Bridge Company 93 miles 

Louisville & Nashville, in St. Louis 15 miles 

Pertle Springs Railway 2.25 miles 

Higginsville Switch 3.62 miles 

Union Pacific Railway, in Kansas City 50 miles 

With the completion of the Rock Island system from St. Louis to Kansas 
City early in the spring of 1904, there are in operation connecting these two 
cities, seven trunk lines. St. Joseph and other cities are all well supplied with 
railways. 

The steam railroads now in operation in Missouri have all l)een constructed 
since July 4. 1851, upon 
which day was begun the 
building of the Pacific 
railroad from St. Louis 
westward. A locomotive — 
the first west of the Mis- 
sissippi river — was put up- j^ M^SiB"'^""!""!'"'" 
,,• . ,- .,. ■ on the track in 1852, a - n^^i ^j^ . , } r . 

History or Missouri « HfTSflHBlBisar^-i. ! •k. -"^Lt 

railroads. passenger train run to ^ \V 

Cheltenham, a distance of 
six miles, before the close 
of that year, and the road 

opened to Pacific (then j^^SLlfj. 

Franklin) in July, 1853. 
During the next decade 
the Pacific road was com- 

, ^ , ^ o J 1- * u « A FREIGHT STE.\MER ON THE MISSOURI KIVER. 

pleted t o Sedalia, the 

Southwest Branch (now 

the St. Louis and San Francisco) to Rolla, the St. Louis and Iron Mountain to 

Pilot Knob, the North Missouri (now the St. Louis, Kansas City and Norlheru) 

to Macon, the Hannibal and St. Josei)h to St. .loseph, the Cairo and Knlion to 



iir 




IKAXSPOUTATIOX. 



19.5 




COUNTRY KOAD ON GRAND PRAIRIE, CALLAWAY COUNTY. 



Sikeston, and forty-four miles of track were laid on the Platte County (now the 
Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs) road, making in all 800 miles of 
railroad in the State. 

Following the war period, during the years from 1865 to 1873, occurred the 
memorable era of railroad expansion in the United States. The 35,000 miles of 
railroad in this country grew to 71,000. Missouri led the average State, her mile- 
age being more than trebled, increasing to 2,860. Increase during the subsequent 
years, was also rapid, until the mileage of 6,996.131 — at present over 7,000 — was 
reached. 



Remarkable growth 
of Missouri 
railroads. 



1852[-5 MILES 

18541-38 MILES 

1855I-139 MILES 

1860HH-817 MILES 

1870 ■■■■•2,000 MILES 

1880 ■■■■■■■-3,965 MILES 

1890 ■■■■■■■^I^H 

1900 ■■■■■■■■■I 

1904 ■■■■■■■■■■ 



A.SSESSED VALUATION OF RAIL- 
ROAD PROPERTIES IN 1900 



STATES 


MILES 




ASSESSMENT 


PER MILE 


Missouri 


/ 
6,777 


$ 


77,448,204 


$ 


11,430 


Arkansas 


3,052 




24,051,139 




7,806 


Illinois 


10,079 




77,878,672 




7,726 


Kansas 


8,716 




57,883,714 




6,870 


Iowa 


9.^36 




46,008,510 




4,981 



-6,142 MILES 
■1-6.887 MILES 
■■-7,000 MILES 



GROWTH OK RAILWAY MILEAGE IN MISSOURI. 



Electricity has within the last few years begun to be employed as motive 
power. Electric roads have been built in St. Louis, St. Charles, Jackson, 
Buchanan, .Jasper and other counties and the outlook is for great extension of 
these and other electric suburban and interurban lines. 

The river traffic of Missouri would be largely increased if proper govern- 
mental support was given to the improvement and maintenance of navigable 
channels. This traffic, which has declined for years, because of the building of 
railroads, has begun to increase and will continue to grow as the value of the 
rivers, as competitive and supplementary to the railroads, is appreciated. 

The country roads have shown improvement in the last few years. 
Every part of the State is reached by them and a system of scientific super- 
vision and cash boxes for road purposes, with the abiindance of road material at 
hand, will make the road and highway system of Missouri unsurpassed by that 
of any State. Additional statistics as to mileage of the various roads, steam, 
electric, gravel, and earth, and the waterway.s. are set forth in other chapters. 



Electricity as motive 
power. 



River tratfic. 



Coimtrv ro.uls. 



196 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Constant increase in 
transportation 
facilities. 



A JASPER COUNTY EOAD. 

Transportation facilities in Missouri are being constantly increased and 
improved. The rolling stock and equipment of the railways is of the best. Every 
section of the State is reached by one or more steam railroads. In provision for 
easy access to profitable markets, Missouri with an abundance of local roads, 
in the heart of the continent, traversed by the great transcontinental lines of 
traffic, is unexcelled for situation and transportation. 




0>i THE PIKE, MARION COUNTY. 




ISSOURI has the largest permanent productive 
school fund of any State in the Union. 

In the United States, in 1900, 13,385,628 
children attended school, or 17.5 per cent of 
the population. In Missouri in the same year, 
604,111 children attended school, or 19.4 per cent of the popu- 
lation. 

The school attendance for Missouri was above that for the 
United States at every age period. From 5 to 7 years, the at- 
tendance in Missouri was 50.3 per cent, while in the United 
States it was 48.1 per cent. From 10 to 14 years, the attend- 
ance in Missouri was 83.4 per cent, and in the United States 
only 79.8 per cent. From 15 to 20 years, the attendance in 
Missouri was 31.2 per cent, while in the United States it was 
26.8 per cent. 

The effect of education upon illiteracy is shown by the 
census figures of three decades. Here again Missouri leads. 
In 1880 the percentage of illiterates in Missouri was 13.4, while 
in the United States it was 17. In 1890 it had fallen for the 
United States to 13.3 per cent, while in Missouri it had de- 
creased to 9.1 per cent. In 1900 the percentage for the United 
States was 10.7, while in Missouri it had fallen to the very 
low percentage of 6.4. The decrease in illiteracy in Missouri 
has been absolute as well as relative. The actual number of 
illiterates in 1880 was 208,754, while in 1900 there were only 
152,844. During the same period the actual number of illit- 
erates in the United States, outside of Missouri had in- 
creased. 



Missouri 
school 
attend- 



higher 
than that 
tor 

United 
States. 



Missouri 
leads in 



197 



198 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Eleven million 
dollars annually 
for schools. 



One-third 

the State revenue 
for public 
schools. 




Average 
rate of 
school tax. 



School enrollment. 



Missouri has school 
property valued at 
$42,600,117. Nearly 
eleven million dollars 
are annually expended 
for schools. 

There is a total 
enrollment i n Mis- 
souri schools of 780,- 
541 pupils, with 20,166 
teachers There are 
in the State 283 
public high schools, with 23,880 pupils; 9,119 
rural and 623 city and town districts. 

Over 25 per cent of the total amount spent 

for Missouri public schools comes from State 

taxation and interest on public funds. The 

Missouri school idea is a mean between entire 

local control and local taxation on the one hand, 

and large State control and State taxation upon the 

other. 

The Missouri constitution requires that at 
least one-fourth of the State revenue be set apart 
for the public schools. The legislature, however, 
has for years, set apart one-third for the purpose, 
not including amounts for the State University and 
normal schools. This is unexcelled by any other 
State in the Union. 

Missouri expends in a single year for schools, 
public, private and denominational, $10,959,828. 
This is nearly ten per cent of the entire assessed 
valuation of the State. It is more than four times as 
much as is expended upon all the branches of the 
State government, legislative, judicial, and execu- 
tive, excepting schools. 

Missouri expends annually for schools more 
than the entire cost of the State governments of 
Iowa and Kansas, or of Illinois and Nebraska com- 
bined. 

The average rate of school tax is 57 cents on 
the $100 valuation. 
The enumeration shows a grand total of 974,923 chil- 
dren of school age, 6 to 20 years; white — male, 471,522; 
female, 454,949; total, 926,471; colored— male, 24,543; fe- 
male, 23,909; total, 48,452. 

The total permanent school funds. State school, semi- 
nary, county school, township school, and special district, 
aggregate $13,023,997. Private and church schools have an 
endowment of $8,988,322. 

The school enrollment is 704,193; divided as follows: 
White— male, 338,927; female, 334,009; total, 672,936. Col- 
ored—male, 14,700; female, 16,497; total, 31,259. There are 10,101 school houses 
for white children in Missouri, and 450 for colored children. The two races have 
separate schools. The general average for teachers' wages in the district schools 
is $308.52. There are 350,000 volumes in the district school libraries of Missouri. 
By the time Missouri came into the Union, educational sentiment had become 
quite general within her borders. The liberal grants of land from the Federal 
Government for educational purposes had the double effect of emphasizing the 




EDUCATION. 



199 



kindekoahti:n, 

ST. LOUIS. 



M IS.SOll'.l 
CHlLDHEiS 
IX SIX 
.SCHOOL 
GRADES. 



SECOXI) (iKADi; 
MEXICO. 




oducational needs of 
the new country 
and of lightening 
the burdens of 
the people i n 

meeting them. 

T h e original 
constitution o f 
the State, adopte;! 
in 1820, made pro 

vision for free schools 
and called the attention 
of the legislature to the im- 
portance of a State University. In the 
language of the revised constitution of 
18C5, "A general diffusion of knowledge 
and intelligence being essential to the 
preservation of the rights and liber- 
ties of the people, the General Assem- 
bly shall establish and maintain free 
schools for the gratuitous instruction 
of all persons in this Slate between the 



KOURTH GRADE. COLUMBIA. 



•200 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



SEVENTH GUADE, 
MONTGOMERY CITY. 



EIGHTH GRADE, 
PARIS. 



Larger investment 
in schools in last 
ten years than 
any other State. 



Great growth of 
public high 
school. 



Public scho 
statistics. 



ages of five and twenty-one years." The 
revision of 1875 changed the period of 
free schooling to that between the ages of 
six and twenty years. The early legisla- 
tures took up the important matter of pro- 
viding free schools and following ses- 
sions have revised and added to existing 
laws. 

With the decadence of 
the old sentiments which 
brought the private 
schools into existence the 
public school took on new 
life and power. Support 
came more cheerfully, 
better equipment resulted 
and teachers of higher 
qualifications were in de- 
mand. A united pride in 
the public school and its 
willing support gave it a 
growth and popularity 
which few States have 
known. Within the last 
decade Missouri has per- 
haps invested 
a larger per 
cent of her 
wealth in 
public school 
property than 
has any other 
State in the 
same period. 
This is espe- 
cially true of 

MISSOURI CHILDREN IN TOUR SCHOOL GRADES. the P U b 1 i C 

high school. Only a generation ago the primary schools of this class which were 
respectably housed could be enumerated in numbers of one figure; to-day they 
are numbered by scores, and the growth in efficiency seems to have been commen- 
surate with that of physical equipment. As late as 1890 only 23 high schools 
were accredited by the State University, now 122 are so accredited — a growth of 
over 450 per cent — nothwithstanding the requirements for such honor have been 
increased within the period. The popularity of the public high school, as 
marked by this increased equipment and greater scholarship, is well founded 
and will endure. A much larger percentage of Missouri children are now in 
school, a larger percentage of the entire school enrollment are now in the 
public high school, and a larger percentage of the population are now in 
higher institutions of learning than at any previous time. These facts need no 
comment further than the statement that they are the result of a growth in 
educational sentiment rather than merely an expression of our increased 
wealth. 

The public school statistics of Missouri show these interesting figures: 
school districts — rural, 9,119; city and town, G23; teachers — rural, 10,393; city 
and town, 6,530; enumeration— rural, 482,284; city and town, 492,639; enroll- 
ment — rural, 402,495; city and town, 301,248; average length of term in days — 
rural, 12G; city and town, 171. Three and three-fourths per cent of the pupils en- 
rolled are in the high schools. The high school graduates numbered last year 
7,143. 




EDUCATION. 



201 



Early in the history of this State when there were no fre.^ scliools of 
the secondary grade the churches came to the front and provided acade 
mies which were the worthy forerunners of the present system of high 
schools. The academies did almost nothing with the higher 
branches of knowledge until the wonderful development of th 
public school system provided the high school for the field 
occupied by the academy. To avoid competition with the free 
school and to meet a new demand, that for higher education, 
these academies took up the advanced work and more nearly 
occupied the sphere of the college. The importance of these 
transitional institutions which came in our day of need and 
which have changed their sphere of activity from time to 
time as the varying needs of the community dictated, can 
not be overestimated. Founded by the churches, their facul- 
ties were composed of Christian men and women whose ster- 
ling worth was an important factor in fostering high charac- 
ter and noble ideals among our people. The academy or col- 
lege, as frequently called and sometimes properly, at once be- 
came the center of influence for culture in its community and as 
its students went out into the surrounding country to teach or preach 
or build homes, the culture of the college life went with them. A 
remarked by an observing citizen of the State: "One can easil 
detect the influence of the college life whenever he comes within 
fifty miles of one of these institutions." 

The product of these modest forerunners of the present high 
school and the modern college became the patrons and champions 
of our institutions of broader culture, thus bringing to this 
and future generations a rich heritage in consequence of the 
wisdom, self-sacrifice and earnest labors of the pioneers. 

Many of these academies passed out of existence when the 
public high school came to occupy their sphere of activity. 
Others moved up to a higher plane and continue to serve an 
important purpose by giving an opportunity for higher work 
preparing for a University. In these institutions many boys 
and girls who have graduated fi'om the high school, but are 
yet young and immature, may pursue their college work 
near home and in an atmosphere more congenial to their 
present needs than that of a larger and higher institution. 
Whatever may be said concerning the present need of the 
advanced academy and small college, all thoughtful people 
must acknowledge a debt of gratitude to them for the important 
service they rendered during the formative period of our publ: 
school system and of the State University. 

In all the schools of Missouri are employed 20,106 teachers. C 
these 16,923 are in the public schools, 185 in the State University 
and Normal schools, 90 in other State institutions, 1,417 in pri- 
vate colleges and academies, and 1,551 in parochial and other 
private elementary schools. The number of pupils enrolled 
is 780,541, divided thus: public, elementary, and high schools, 
704,193; State University and normal schools, 5,086; State 
institutions for defectives, 954; private colleges and acad- 
emies, 22,072; parochial and other private elementary 
schools, 48,236. The annual expenditure of $10,959,828 for 
Missouri schools is thus divided: public, elementary and high 
schools, $8,363,128; State institutions, University and normal 
schools, $080,000; State institutions for defectives, $274,000; pri 
vate colleges and academies, $1,307,700; parochial and other pri- 
vate elementary schools, $335,000. There is a school in easy reach 
of every child in Missouri. 




202 



THE STATE OF MISSOUKl. 






CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, COLUillilA. 

The estimated value of school property is divided as 
follows: public, elementary and high schools, $23,339,117; 
State University and normals, $2,475,000; State institu- 
tions for defectives, $1,295,000; private colleges and acad- 
emies, $11,531,000; parochial and other private elemen- 
tary schools, $3,960,000; total, $42,600,117. 

Missouri's first normal school was a private enter- 
prise, founded by a man whose educational enthusiasm 




HOWARD-PAYiNE COLLEGE, FAYETTE. 

amounted almost to inspiration. The founder's ambition 
was to prepare teachers in mind and spirit for the duty 
of teaching the youth of the land, a service which he re- 
garded as sacred. The nature of Doctor Joseph Baldwin's 
work gave the community a high idea of the teacher's 
calling. It turned the public thought from the school 
master to the school teacher — from the stern commander 
to the sympathetic leader. Public sentiment rapidly 
crystallized in favor of making this useful school a State 
institution. The legislature responded to this desire in 
1871, and also established the normal school at War- 
rensburg, dedicating both schools to the preparation of 




ClIKIS I 1 A.\ I .\ l\ I.USl 1 "I , lA\r(>\. 



EDUCATION. 



203 



teachers for the public schools of 
the State. In 1873 the legislature 
placed its seal of approval upon 
the State normal school by pro- 




FIRST YEAR, 



viding for one in the 
southeast district, locat- 
ing it at Cape Girardeau. 
The attendance upon 
these schools has always 
shown public confidence 
in their usefulness. 
About 3,000 prospectivt 
teachers are instructeo 
in these schools annually. 
The faculties are com- 
posed of men and women 
of superior training and 
exceptional skill. 

Missouri has looked 
well to the educational 
oppoi'tunities of the chil- 
dren of her colored peo- 
ple, and has provided, in 
Lincoln Institute at Jef- 
ferson City, one of the 
best schools in the coun- some missouki iikjii school pupils. 
try for the preparation of colored teachers. The nature of the work of this nor- 
mal school differs from that of the others only as the different needs 
and aptitude of the race seem to require. The courses of instruction 
are broad, the management is liberal, and the faculty consists of the best colored 
educators the State can procure. Perhaps the most marked feature of this insti- 
tution is its department of agricultui'e and manual industries, in which it takes 
high rank. Separate schools in Missouri for white and colored children, sup- 
ported by equal taxation, do not imply any less privilege for the children of the 
colored race. Indeed the colored children are, by statute, given advantage. The 
white child has free tuition in the district of his residence, but must pay tuition 
if he goes to another district. The colored child, on the contrary, if the district 
in which he resides is too small to maintain a colored school, may go, at the ex- 
pense of the taxpayers of the district, to school in any other district. 

No institution in Missouri has had a more interesting and inspiring career 
than has the State University. Interesting because the race has always viewed 
with lively concern the struggle of an individual or institution for a recognized 
place to live and work out a destiny. Inspiring because its energetic career has 
imparted a quickening impulse to every phase of educational work in the State. 
The University was founded in 1839, in Columbia, whose citizens, together with 
others of Boone county, offered a bonus. Some of the donors subscribed and 
afterwards paid more than their entire estates were worth at the time the sub- 



Education of tlie 
colored cliildren. 



The State 
University. 



204 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



SO.ME L!UlLl)lA(iS OK THE UNIVERSITY 
OF MISSOURI AT COLUMBIA. 



LATUROP 
HALL. 



ACADEMIC 
HALL. 



The beginnings 
of the State 
University. 




PRESIDENT S 
RESIDENCE. 



AGRICULTURAL 
BUHjDI^G. 



agricultural 

dean's 

residence. 



THE OLD COLUMNS. 

scripiions were 
made, and 
Switzler's His- 
tory of the 
citizens of 
ever r e m e ni - 
ever repudi- 
priated to the 
vided in the 
stone of the main buildin,, \. 
4, 1843; the corner stone of 



University, says: ' 
Boone county let 



To the honor of these 
it be said and for- 
bered, that not one dollar of this sum was 
ated, hut the whole collected and appro- 
Ijenefit of the public school fund as pro- 
Constitution of the State." The corner 
is laid July 4, 1840; the University dedicated July 
the building for "The College of Agriculture and 



Seven departments 
at Columbia and 
one at Rolla. 



Mechanic Arts," laid June 28, 1871; and the re-dedication of the University, as 
enlarged and improved, was on June 4, 1885. 

The University at Columbia has seven well equipped departments: Academic, 
Law, Medicine, Teachers College, Agriculture, including Engineering, Graduate, 
Military, and one, the School of Mines and Metallurgy, at Rolla. The Agricul- 
tural College is one of the besi: in the United States. The federal government has, 
in connection with the college, located an experiment station, which is doing ex- 
cellent work. The Parker Memorial Hospital, on the University campus, is a 
valuable addition to its medical school as well as of value in caring for the 
health of the students. It is the result of the gift of William L. Parker. 

The University was conceived and has been maintained from the first as co- 
ordinate with the common schools in forming the State school system. Espec- 
ially in late years has its influence been exerted toward the articulation of all 



EDUCATION. 



205 



LAW 

BUILDING. 



the public schools, and it is easy to believe that this influence, aided by county 
supervision so much longed for by nearly all school people, would give a thor- 
oughly articulated system of schools extending to every county of the State. New 
departments of instruction have been added from time to time until its courses ^^^ present of 
and equipment now offer all the opportunities of a high grade State University. t^g state 
The attendance has grown until now 1,654 students are enrolled. The faculty University. 
has, almost without exception been presided over by successful leaders of teach- 
ers. The cura- 
tors have gen- 
erally avoided 
an error quite 
common to the 
direction o f 
large e d u c a - 
tional institu- 
tions, that is, 
the selection of 
heads o f de- 
partments and 
instructors on 
their scholar- 
ship alone. No 
institution ever 
became s o pros- 
perous o r popular 
that it could afford 
to employ any but 
good teachers, and a 
good teacher p o s - 
sesses other quali- 
ties fully as essen- 
tial as scholarship. 

With its present 
high standing in the 
confidence of the peo- 
ple, and consequent 
strong financial sup- 
port, the University 
tinue to increase its 
most indefinitely. The average cit- 
izen is proud of the State University 
and it is a satisfaction to predict that 
in the not distant future every Mis- 
souri child, as he looks along the vista of 

free public education, the common heritage of all, will see the State University 
at the farther end; entirely free and as inviting as the rural and village schools. 
Besides the State University there are a score of institutions doing excel- 
lent work in the field of higher education. Washington University, St. Louis, 
which will move into its new home in the vicinity of Forest Park at the close 
of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, will be one of the best equipped universi- 
ties in the country. This institution has long been known for its good organiza- 
tion and efficient work. With its present strong financial backing it takes rank 
with the few great universities of America. 

The St. Louis University had its modest beginning in 1824 as a school for 
Indian boys. The founders and teachers were Jesuit Fathers, whose devotion to 
the cause of Christian education, aroused the admiration of the community, cre- 
ating a general desire for a broader opportunity for the school. A new and beau- 
tiful aitp was douatpd iu what was then thp opntpr of the city, and the legisla 



BENTON 
HALL. 




should con- 
usefulness al- 



GEEEX- 
HOUSE. 



SOME BUILDINGS OF THE 
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT COLUMBIA 



Its future. 



Otlier institutions 
for higher 
education. 



2()() 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



ENGINEERING 
BUILDING. 



LAWS OUSERVATORY. 



I'AKKER 

MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL. 




MEDICAL 
LABORATORY. 



HORTICUL- 
TURAL 
BUILDING. 

DAIRY 
LABORATORY. 



LIVE STOCK 

JUDGING BUILDING. 



POWER HOUSE 
AND MECHANIC 
ARTS BUILDING. 



SOME BUILDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT COLUMBIA. 



Washington 
University. 



Central College. 



William Jewell 
College. 



ture of 1832 granted a liberal charter and gave the school its present name. 
This university has never received any large bequests, has no endowment fund, 
but depends for support upon the tuition and board of its students. Its growth 
has thus been slow but sfiire. The instructors have always been devoted scholars 
who were not attracted by large salaries but by the opportunities for noble serv- 
ice in behalf of the youth of the church. Its record is such as brings satisfaction 
to its friends and patrons, over whom it has a profound influence. 

Central College i& the outgrowth of the Howard county high school, which 
was opened at Fayette when opportunities for secondary education in Missouri 
were all but unknown. In 1847 it was converted into a college of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church South, and has held an important place among the colleges of 
the State. It is the alma mater of many thousands who have become cultured 
citizens of perhaps every State in the Union. 

William Jewell College was founded in 1849, and located at Liberty by the 
Missouri Baptist General Association to promote the preaching of the gosviel 
within the bounds of the State. Its chief promoter was Dr. William Jewell, of 
Columbia, in whose honor the college was named. Its work has always been of 



EDUCATION. 



207 



a high order, giving it an honorable standing among our institutions of higher 

education. 

Fulton becanie the home of Westminster College, which was established in Westminster 

1853 by the Presbyterian church of the State to influence and fit young men for College. 

the ministry. The college has recently added new buildings and considerable 

endowment. 

Christian Brothers College 
was opened in St. Louis in 1850, 
and chartered in 1885. Its found- 
ers and teachers were the Chris- 
tian Brothers of the Catholic 
church, whose devotion to the 
cause of Christian education has 
given this institution a secure 
place in the affections 

patrons and 

t h e respect 

of the com- 

m u n i t y at 

large. 




ORIGINAL 

BUILDIKG. 



IMKCHAMCAL 
HAT.l 



SOME BUILDINGS OF THE SCHOOL OF MIXES A DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF 

MISSOURI AT ROLLA. 

St. Vincent's College is an off-shoot from St. Mary's Seminary, the first insti- 
tution of higher education established in Missouri, if not indeed, the first west 
of the Mississippi. The college was opened at Cape Girardeau in 1843 by the 
Catholic church, and is the focal point of the higher educational interests of 
that church for a large territory. 

Drury College represents the zeal and devotion of the ministry of the Con- 
gregational church of this State, who under the leadership of the Rev. John C. 
Learned, brought to realization a resolution of their body to establish an insti- 
tution "where men might be thoroughly trained for leadership in the growing 
southwest." This college was located at Springfield and its career began in 
1873. The record of the Drury graduates indicates that the college is following 
successfully the spirit of the above quoted purpose of its founders. 

In the year 1875 a new college came into existence at Parkville with a special 
and most useful mission. From its inception Park College has been industrial 
as well as intellectual. Its students cultivate a farm of 1,200 acres and do 
much other work of an industrial character by which they are trained to habits 
of usefulness, led to see the various industries from an intelligent standpoint 



MINES AND 
METALLURGY 
BUILDING. 



St. Vincent's 
College. 



Dnirv College. 



Park College. 



208 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



and permitted, in many cases, to meet the expense 
institution is housed in a group of neat commodious 
erected and equipped largely by student labor. 



SOME OF THE COLLEGES OF THE STATE FOR BOTH 
SEXES IN WHICH DEGREES ARE CONFERRED, THE 
NAME 'location, CONTROL AND YEAR OF OPENING: 



Pres- 



Avalon Colleg-e, United Brethren, Trenton, 1869. 

Buchanan College, Troy, nonsectarian. 

Garleton College, Farmington, Methodist Episcopal. 

Central College, Fayette, Methodist Episcopal South, 
1S57 

Central Wesleyan College, Warrenton, Methodist Epis- 
copal, 1864. inr-l 

Christian Brothers College, St. Louis, Catholic, 1851. 

Christian University, Canton, Christian, 1855. 

Clarksburg College, Clarksburg, Baptist, 1876. 

Drury College, Springtteld. Congregational, 1873. 

Evangelical Lutheran, Altenburg. Lutheran. 

Grand River Christian Union College, Edinburg, Chris- 
tian. 1850. ^ ^. ^ ^^^^ 

La Grange College, La Grange, Baptist, 1858. 

Missouri Bible College, Columbia, Christian, 1896. 

Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Cumberland 
byterian, 1889. ,^ ^, ^. ^ ^ . 

Missouri Wesleyan College, Cameron, Methodist Epis- 
copal. 1887. ,. . -r. • , 

Morrisville College, Morrisville, Methodist Episcopal 
South, 1872. ,^ ^, .,. ^ T^ • 

Northwest Missouri College, Albany, Methodist Episco- 
pal South, 1893. 

Odessa College, Odessa, nonsectarian, 1883. 

Park College, Parkville, Presbyterian, 1875. 

Pike College, Bowling Green, nonsectarian, 1882. 

Pritchett Institute, Glasgow, nonsectarian, 1866. 

Southwest Baptist College, Bolivar, Baptist, 1878. 

St. Louis University, St. Louis, Catholic, 1829. 

St Vincent's College, Cape Girardeau, Catholic, 184o. 

Tarkio College, Tarkio, United Presbyterian, 1883. 

University of the State of Missouri, Columbia, state, 
1841. , . ,„^„ 

Washington University, St. Louis, nonsectarian, 1859. 

Westminster College, Fulton, Presbyterian, 1853. 

William Jewell College, Liberty, Baptist, 1849. 

In addition, there are among the degree-conferring col- 
leges for women, the following: 

Baird College, Clinton, nonsectarian. 1890. 

Baptist Female College, Lexington, Baptist, 1855. 

Central Female College, Lexington, Methodist Episco- 
pal South, 1869. . ^^^^ 

Christian College. Columbia. Christian, 1851. 

Cottey College, Nevada, Methodist Episcopal South. 
1884 

Forest Park University, St. Louis, 1861. 

Hardin College, Mexico, Baptist, 1873. 

Howard-Payne College, Fayette, Methodist Episcopal 
South, 1844. 

Liberty Ladies' College, Liberty, 1890. 

Lindenwood College. St. Charles, Presbyterian, 1830. 

Stephens College, Columbia, Baptist, 1856. 

St. Louis Seminary, Jennings, 1871. 

William Woods College, Fulton. 



of their college life. The 
buildings which have been 

The youngest of 
this group is Missouri 
Valley College, founded 
by the Cumberland 
Presbyterian church in 
1889 and located at 
Marshall. The especial 
vigor by which its ca- 
reer has been marked 
and the exalted purpose 
which has inspired its 
management give i t 
high rank among our 
institutions of learn- 
ing. 

Several other 
schools in the State are 
doing more or less 
work of college grade. 
These are noted in 
other chapters of this 
volume. The private 
and church schools of 
Missouri are thus tab- 
ulated: Colleges — male 
and co-educational, 21; 
teachers, 540; pupils, 
6,808; colleges — female, 
18; teachers, 2G0; pu- 
pils, 3,071; business 
and normal schools, 
20; teachers, 142; pu- 
pils, 4,056; military 
academies, 7; teachers, 
48; pupils, 561; special, 
medical, dental, etc., 
25; teachers, 224; pu- 
pils, 2,989; academies, 
47; teachers, 215; pu- 
pils, 5,047; parochial 
(Catholic), 199; teach- 
ers, 746; pupils, 31,732; 




BUILDINGS AND CiROUNnS OF I.TNCOT-N INSTITTTK. .TKKFKltSON CITY. 



EDUCATION. 



209 




STATE .\OI!J[AL SCHOOL, SO. 2, W ARRENSOUKG. 



parochial (Lutheran), 180; teachers, 211; pupils. 9.493; private and other 

church, 45; teachers, SO; pupils, 2,516. 

The Manual Training School for Boys at Boonville, and the Industrial 

Home for Girls at Chillicothe are industrial and reformatory. The State also 

supports in St. Louis, a school for the hlind, and in F'ulton a school for the 

deaf and dumb. All these insti- 
tutions rank high for efficiency. 
With all our advancement in 
wealth and institutions and ma- 
chinery of government there is 
danger everywhere o f losing 
sight of some of the cardinal 
principles underlying all good 
education and useful culture. 
Great buildings and fine equip- 
ment are good only when well 
used. There Is danger that a 
splendid school plant will come 
to be reckoned as a great school 
and small equipment as indica- 
tive of a poor school. In fact 
false distinctions are but natural 
to the person of casual observa- 
tion. He can see the indication 
of greatness in the fine building 




11 li 




\'alue ot equ pnu-iit 
tor school-s. 



STA ! K .XOC.MAL SCHOOL, NO. 
.1/.,.- /', 



CAIMC CIRAKDKAU. 



210 



THE STATE OF ]\riSSOITRT. 



Missouri fditun.itf 
in school support. 



The result of 
education. 



'ffH 



■'^^g^ 



"" -il 



but is too short sighted to trace its truer signification in the sound characters 

and genuine culture of the men and women a school has educated. With all our 

progress in modern l)uildings and expensive apparatus we can not afford to lose 

sight of the fact that this equipment is as far from being a school, as a 

modern city mansion is from 

being a home. Missouri is fortunate 

mat the spirit prevalent in many 

places has not developed to any 

marked extent here. The quality oi 

the school must always be found 

rather in its spirit, and we must not. 

as people, allow ourselves to fall 

into a passive state of mind caused 

by the greatness 

and richness of " y J ' 

our modern «^- 
school c o n v e n - 
iences and forget 
that we must be ^ 

as w a t c h f u 1 as f^ ■ .^^ ..ibMK^M Missouri 

ever to foster In i~- * ' ..-.1 'JiH^^^B imilitary 

our schools the .%•. , . ■ " 5^ -^^^^^H academy. 

sterling qualities '^^' 7MMpM|p ! me\ro. 

wkmwoktii 
military 

ACADEMY. 
LEXINGTON. 

ULEES JIILITARY 
ACADEMY. 
TVrACON. 

heart and mind that have 
ever distinguished the peoples 
of real culture and true great- 
ness. The buildings which housed the great school at Rugby had small effect 
upon the character of its pupils. It was the spirit of the immortal Dr. Arnold 

which inspired 
them and all who 
loved the history 
of that old school. 
So has it been 
with all schools 
which live in the 
hearts and lives 
o f their pupils 
and of us all. So 
it is with count- 
less city, village 
and rural schools 
all over the land. 
The spirit of some 
great teacher 
overshadows a 1 1 
material things 
characters more enduring 





SIA'I'K NOH.MAL SCHOOL, 

NO. 1, KIRKSVILLE. 



and moulds 

than time. Thus it must ever be if we 
are to have a great and splendid race of 
noble men and true women. 





ISSOURI has ever encouraged those things which 
make for the higher life. Religion has been 
fostered by the people of the State; art has been 
generously supported and the productions of the 
press, in newspaper and book form, have indicated 
the developed literary taste of the people. 

The oldest religious denomination i n Missouri is the Catho- 
lic church. Its establishment was synchronous with the commencement 
of the settlement of that part of the Louisiana Purchase which after- 
ward became the Territory and then the State of Missouri. The earliest 
settlers were all Catholics, as witness the names of their colonies: Ste. 
Genevieve, St. Charles, St. Louis. The first named, the oldest town in 
the State, also enjoyed what was, so far as historical records go, the 
first religious service ever held in Missouri. It was conducted by a 
Jesuit Father, on February 29, 1760. The first Catholic, and therefore 
also the first Christian church, was built in St. Louis, in 1770. As early 
as 1818 the Right Rev. William Louis Dubourg, bishop of New Orleans, 
transferred his episcopal residence to St. Louis. The church now has 
in the State, besides maintaining an archiepiscopal see at St. Louis, 
three dioceses, with 591 priests, 806 churches, and 181 stations and 
chapels, with a Catholic population of 292,000 souls. 

In 1799, thirty-nine years after the first Catholic service of which 
history tells, probably the first Protestant preacher who ever set foot 
west of the Mississippi visited what is now Cape Girardeau county and 
preached the gospel, "though contrary to law." This was the Rev. 
Thomas Johnson, of the Baptist denomination. In 1806 the first Protest- 
ant "meeting house" west of the great river was dedicated. Bethel Bap- 
tist church, now the Baptist church of Jackson, Missouri. In 1816 the 
first Baptist Association, of seven churches, was formed. The 
"General Association of Missouri Baptists" was organized in 
1834, in Providence church, Callaway county. 

211 



For the 
higher 
life in 
Missouri. 



Catholic 
the oldest 
religious 
denom- 
ination. 



First pro- 
testa nt 
preacher. 



There are now in 



•2 1-2 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 







KIRST 


SISTERS OF INIEKCY 


BAPTIST. 


HOSPITAL. 


FIRST 


COXGREGATIONAL. 


CHRISTIAN. 


FIRST 


FIRST 


PRESBYTERIAN. 


]\I ETHODIST. 





Presbyterians, 
enter the Si 



GROUP OF JOPLIN CHURCHES. 

affiliation witli this body 78 local associations, with 1,837 churches with 
a total membership of over 150,000. Their property is valued at $2,700,000. Col- 
ored Baptists in Missouri have 110 ministers, 195 churches, and lo,154 members. 
In 1814, Sunday, November 6, the first regular Protestant services were held 
in St. Louis, by the Revs. S. T. Mills and Daniel Smith, ministers of the Presby- 
terian church. On August 2, 1816, the Rev. Salmon Giddings, who had ridden 
1,200 miles on horseback to reach his field of labor, organized the first Presby- 
terian church west of the Father of Waters, at Bellevue, with thirty members. 
On November 23, the following year, he organized the First Presbyterian church 
of St. Louis, the first Protestant church in the city. The first presbytery was 
organized in 1817, with four ministers and four churches. A synod was estab- 
lished soon, in 1838 a division rent the Presbyterian church throughout the 
United States into old and new school branches. In 1866 the old school synod 
in Missouri was again divided, on war issues. An independent synod was organ- 



CHURCH, ART AND TRESS 



213 



C AI.\ A1;Y i'HESLIYTliKlA.X. 



MKTHOUIST EPISCOPAL. 



a confer- 
Methodist 
Greene 



ized, which in 1874, be- (iUACE micthoih.st episcopal. 
came orgauically con- 
nected with what is 
popularly known as the 
Southern church. I n 
1870 the old and new 
school synods became 
one body, in affiliation 
with the Northern 
church. In 1903 this 
synod had 200 minis- 
ters, 240 churches, and 
24,000 members. Con- 
tributions for all pur- 
poses amounted t o 
$435,000. The Southern 
synod had 90 minis- 
ters, 163 churches, and 
12,800 members. The 
total contributions were 
$155,000. 

In 1806 
e n c e of 
preachers in 
county, Tennessee, ap- 
pointed one Jno. Travis 
to the Missouri "cir- 
cuit," to do what he 
could for the spreading 
and upbuilding of the 
gospel. At the close of 
his conference year he 
reported two circuits 
and 106 members. In 
1816 the Missouri An- 
nual Conference was 
formed, with no western boundary. In 1820 this conference numbered fifteen 
preachers and 2,079 communicants. The decade between 1840 and 1850 witnessed 
the division of the church in the State by the organization of the M. E. church 

south. The M. E. church 
now has three annual 
conferences, two white 
and one colored, with 
700 white chui'ches and 
60,000 members. Church 
property is valued at 
$2,000,000. The colored 
churches number 126, 
with a membership of 
6,300. Their property is 
valued at $175,000. 

The M. B. church, 
south, has three confer- 
ences, about 400 minis- 
ters, 1,100 churches and 
110,000 members. The 
value of the church 
property is above $2,- 

500,000. 
riiinsTiAN cinMini, maryvii.le. 



Presbyterian 
church statis- 
tics. 




SOME SPIUNGFIELD CEIUKCIIES 




Methodists in 
Missouri. 



214 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



I'lpiscopalian 

church in Mis- 



Tlie African M. E. church iu Missouri has lOG ministers, 144 churches, and 
8,000 members. 

The first service of the Protestant Episcopal church in the Territory of Mis- 
souri was held October 24, 1819, in the city of St. Louis. Christ church was 
organized in November of that year. In 1831 efforts were made in the Interior 
of the State, but as late as 1835 there was but one organized parish, one church 
building, and not a single clergyman in the entire State. In 1836, with the 
arrival of the Right Rev. Jackson Kemper, missionary bishop, a favorable change 
occurred. At the end of that year five clergymen were at work. The diocese was 



CATHOLIC 
CATIIEORAL. 



GRACE 
EPISCOPAL. 



Disciples in the 
State. 




METHODIST 
^^^^^ EPISCOPAL. 

organized in 1840. In 1889 
the diocese of west Mis- 
souri was set off. The de- 
nomination now has 100 
churches, with 11,93 
members. The contribu- 
tions for a 1 1 purposes 
amounted, in 19 3, to 
$159,000. The church 
property is valued at $920,000. some kaasas city churches. 

The first preachers of the Disciples, or Christian church, in Missouri, were 
Elders Thomas McBride and Samuel Rogers. They entered the State about 
1820. During the following ten years many pioneer preachers arrived and did 
effective work in different portions of the State. The first churches were organ- 
ized in Callaway, Boone, and Howard counties, between 1825 and 1830. The 
first church in St. Louis was not organized till 183G, with about a dozen members. 
From these beginnings the denomination has rapidly grown until it now num- 
bers 690 ministers, 1,700 churches, and 175,500 members. 




CHURCH, ART AND PRESS 



215 




Luthe 



Congregatioii- 
alists. 



INTERIOR CATHOLIC CIIUUI'II, COA'CKI'TIO.N. Cu nbeiland 

Frfsbvterians. 

The first Presbytery of the Cumberland Presbyterian church west of the 
Mississippi was erected in Pike county, in 1820, with four ministers, all who 
then lived in Missouri, Arkansas, and western Illinois. There are now 398 
churches, 186 ministers, and 28,SGS members. The contributions in 1903, for 
all causes, summed up $119,751. The church property is valued at $694,220. 

In 1839 a colony of some 600 persons arrived in St. Louis, direct from 
Bremen, Germany, under the direction of Martin Stephan, a Dresden preacher. 
A tract of land was purchased in Perry county, and the emigrants went into 
camp and began to build up a number of German colonies. Here, under the 
controlling influence o f 
Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm 
Walther, the real father of 
the Lutheran faith in 
America, the foundations 
of this church were laid 
broad and deep in the 
new world. In 1847 "The 
German Evangelical Luth- 
eran Synod of Missouri, 
Ohio and other States" 
was organized, with twelve 
congregations and twenty- 
two ministers. It now has 
125 ministers, 140 
churches, nearly all with 
parsonages and parochial 
schools, and 30,000 com- 
municants. 

The Congregationalists, 
by a curious irony of Provi- 
dence, did not secure a intebiob primary department room, Sunday school, conqbe- 
footing in Missouri until gational church, piebce city 




•21 () 



THE STATE OF MISSOUKI 




HOJIE OF WILLIAJM R. NELSON, PKOI'KIETOR KANSAS CITY STAR. 



G-'rman Ev;in- 
eelical. 



Other denomi- 
nations. 



some time during tlie latter part of tlie first lialf of the nineteenth century, 
about 1855, although m.ost of the early Presbyterian missionaries were sent to 
Missouri by the New England Congregational Associations. Compared with some 
of the older churches the growth, however, has been rapid. The denomination 
now numbers, in the State, 79 ministers, 76 churches, and 10,419 members. The 
contributions for all causes, in 1903, amounted to $171,651. 

The German Evangelical church, in Missouri, is to the manor born. It was 
in the neighborhood of St. Louis that the first German Evangelical missionaries 
began their work in this country, and it was at Gravois, on the fifteenth of Octo- 
ber, 1840, that the first German Evangelical Association of the west was or- 
ganized, with seven ministeis. The denomination now numbers, in the State, 
103 ministers, 107 churches, 84 parochial schools, and 85 parsonages, and has a 
list of over 20,000 communicants. 

In addition to these larger bodies, there are about 30 smaller denominations 
represented in Missouri. The latest available statistics supply the following in- 
formation about them: There are seven Baptist bodies — Seventh Day, with one 
organization and 13 members; Free Will, 108 churches, 4,752 members; Primi- 
tive, 129 churches, 3,763 members; General, 166 churches, 6,654 members; Two- 
Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian, 32 churches, 668 members; United, 45 churches, 
2,738 members; Church of Christ, four churches, 185 members. The Plymouth 
Brethren have 10 organizations and 398 members. Christadelphians, two 
churches, 20 members. Christian Scientists, 12 organizations and about 6(J0 
members. The Independent Churches of Christ in Christian Union is a denomi- 
nation with 56 churches and 3,926 members. The Church of God has seven or- 
ganizations and 221 members. The Church Triumphant has one organization 
with 20 members. The Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian) has five 
organizations, with 309 members. The Altruists, a native Missouri organization, 
boasts one church and 25 members. The Dunkards have 44 churches and 2,090 
members. The Evangelical Association has 26 churches and 1,102 members. 
The Friends (Quakers) have five organizations and 615 members. The German 
Evangelical Protestants have only two churches, but 1,700 members. The Men- 
nonites number 15 churches and 748 communicants. The United Presbyterians 
have 14 churches, 1,068 members. The Reformed church has 11 organizations and 



CHURCH, ART AND PRESS 



•ilT 







•^ 



58ij members. '1 he Universalists have 111 
churches and 711 members. Spiritualists have 
five organizations and 853 members. The 
United Brethren in Christ have 105 churches 
and 4,361 members. Unitarians haxe six 
churches, with 1,135 members. The Ethical 
Society has one organization, with 150 mem- 
bers. Jews have 17 synagogues and 4,450 
members. Latter Day Saints have 42 organi- 
zations, with 3,189 members. 

Tlie extent of the Sunday School work 
for the children and youth of Missouri is re- 
vealed by the following figures, taken from 
the reports of the Missouri Sunday School 
Association: In 1903 there were 6,718 Sun- 
day Schools in the State, with 66,344 officers 
and teachers, and 507,097 scholars. In the 
Home Department 64,369 more were enrolled, 
making a grand total of 571,466. In the year 
1902, out of a Sunday School population of 
969,482 in the State, 560,352, or 57.7 per cent, 
were enrolled as pupils in the schools. The 
thoroughness with which this work is carried 
on, the completeness of State and county or- 
ganization, is shown by the fact that in a 
number of counties in 1902 — to be accurate, 
11 of them, Adair, Audrain, Clinton, DeKalb, 
Holt, Livingston, Moniteau, Nodaway, Polk, 
Scotland, and Shelby — there were more pu- 
pils in the Sunday Schools than school pop- 
ulation in the counties. Nodaway county, 
for instance, with a school population of only 
10,034, had 11,555 pupils in its Sunday 
schools. Livingston county, with a school 
population of 6,386, had 7,485 enrolled. In 
other words, not only the chiluren, but many 
adults, were gathered together for systematic 
Bible study. The most thoroughly organized 
county in the United States along Sunday School lines is Lawrence county, Mis- 
souri. The largest Bible class in the United States, in proportion to the popula- 
tion of the town is in Missouri. 

One would naturally think the west too new for an art, but the truth is Mis- 
souri had artists years ago. She has been particularly fortunate in possessing 

at least one man, George C. Bingham, who has 
preserved her types of his day on canvas. As 
time goes on the works of Bingham will be of 
more value as records not only of former cus- 
toms but of the old time hospitable Missourian 
himself. Though living at a time when Ameri- 
can art was very poor in technical equipment, 
Bingham managed to acquire sufficient skill to 
portray, in a fairly powerful manner, the spirit 
of his age. An intelligent and keen, as well as 
a sympathetic observer of the life around him, 
CHRISTIAN CHURCH. KiRKSviLLE. ]^q j^as left souic pricelcss contributions to Amer- 
ican art and history. On canvas after canvas he painted the portraits of his 
contemporaries but it is for his original compositions that we of today are 
especially indebted to Bingham. These compositions having as subjects the 



The Sunday 

School work in 
the State. 




MONUMENT TO RICHARD P. BLAND, 
LEBANON. 



Modern art. 




218 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Ol'F SCHEVEiXGEN IIAKKY CIIASK S MOST KAJMOUS MAIUNE PICTURE. 



St. Louib Art 
School. 



Missouri rich 
private art 
galleries. 



various public events of tlie day — tlie "County Election," etc., are remarkably 
faithful delineations of life in early Missouri. 

Among the pioneer art schools of the west a prominent place must be given 
the St. Louis Museum of Art School, founded by Halsey Ives and at present 
splendidly housed — thanks to the efforts of the founder. It was the starting point 
for many artists who have continued their studies in the east or in Europe. Some 
of America's best art workers call this school their alma mater. The Art Club 
of Kansas City maintained a successful school of art in that city for a 
number of years until a fire destroyed their collection and disbanded the school. 
Since then private enterprise has kept one or two schools of art going. The 
University of Missouri at Columbia, has offered courses in the history of art for 
sometime and has recently opened a department of drawing and painting with 
free tuition. 

Missouri is rich in art collections for a western State, and, besides both 
public and private galleries of modern work in her cities, possesses reproduc- 
tions of the great art of the past. Such collections of reproductions are invalua- 
ble for the general dissemination of art knowledge as well as to those studying 
art, whether art student, child, or club member. Fortunately the various collec- 
tions in the State do not simply repeat each other. The St. Louis collection of 
casts from Greek and Roman sculpture contains many not found in the Uni- 
versity of Missouri col- 
lection and vice versa. 
The painting of the Re- 
naissance is illustrated 
by the collection of pho- 
tographs and the gal- 
lery of copies in color 
presented to the West- 
ern Art Gallery, Kansas 
City, by Mr. Nelson and 
by the photographs and 
large collection of lan- 
tern slides at the Uni- 
versity of Missouri. 

What the art of any 
country is, however, 



C. A. BUILDI 
JOPLIN. 




CHURCH, ART AND PRESS 



219 



Artists born in 
Missouri. 




M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH, MOBEKLY. 



must depend chiefly on her artists. Missouri has many more artists 
than might seem probable on first thought and some of them are pro- 
ducing valuable and interesting work. If we take account also of the 
men born in Missouri who now live elsewhere, spending, perhaps, a 
part of their time in their native State, the list would receive the addi- 
tion of some of the best known names in New York and even Paris art 
circles. At St. Louis, among a number of good men, two at least are 
painting nature in a very individual and poetic 
manner while another is doing successful mural 
work. Flourishing art societies are maintained 
and exhibitions given regularly. Kansas City has 
one of the strongest draughtsmen in the west be- 
sides several good painters. Its art club is a very 
successful organization, giving yearly exhibitions 
from which the club purchases at least one canvas 
destined for Kansas City's permanent gallery. In 
various parts of the State, sometimes in the most 
unexpected places, are scattered painters or sculp- 
tors who have given years of study to their work 
and whose influence will tell for great good in the 
end. It is perhaps a misfortune that the people 
of Missouri are very much like other Americans 
in that one still finds those who willingly spend 
liberally for floor coverings and furniture but 
hang chromos on their walls. Some day it will 
be realized thac serious studies by the State's best 
artists make splendid wall hangings and then the 
art workers of Missouri will be sustained by an 
impetus to produce their best that only such practical recognition can supply. 
To produce a great national or State art there must be not only artists and 
museums but an art loving public as well. In this respect Missouri is acting 
wisely in placing art as one of the every day studies in her great school sys- 
tem from which must come her future citizens. In city and country school 
the importance of drawing is at last realized and the child is brought face 
to face with nature, taught to observe carefully, and then to reproduce what 
he sees. The model may be a little flower or some fruit or even a boy or girl 
and the child uses pencil or color as the case may demand. The children are 

also encouraged to pi'O- 
duce original work that 
by doing so they may ,, 

learn the characteris- 
tics of good art and 
so have their own taste 
cultivated. It is ex- 
tremely necessary for 
our State and national 
growth that the taste 
of our children should 
be developed for that 
which is strong, sim- 
ple and forceful rather 
than for that which is 
extravagant and ornate. The collections of the art of the past can be made 
of great benefit in this regard, especially when the child can be introduced to 
them by an intelligent sympathetic and patient interpreter such as one finds, 
for example, in Mrs. Helen Parsons, the curator of Kansas City's gallery. 

Fortunately the art work of the schools has not stopped in the gram- 
piar grades but has reached a natural and splendid development in the better 



An air-loving 
public. 





M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH, 
KIRKSVUJ.E. 



PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
KIRKSVILLE. 



22() 



THE STATE OF JMISSOITRI 



GERMAN 
LUTHERAN 



IMMACULATE 
CONCEPTION. 



Some Missouri 
authors. 



The newspapers 
of the State. 



hiyh si-hools ot" Uie Slate. Many of Missouri's best ail workers are now giving 
part of their time to instructing the pupils of the secondary schools with results 

that well repay their efforts. Taken all 
in all Missouri has a good foundation 
on which to build a noble, distinguished 
art if each one does his share toward 
the whole — only so can anything last- 
ing be accomplished. 

The writings of Missouri authors 
have more than a State or national rep- 
utation. The greatest American humor- 
ist, Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) 
was born in Monroe county, Missouri, 
and grew to manhood in this State. In 
Missouri was born and educated the 
children's poet, Eugene Field, and here 
he did his first literary work. The 
most popular historical novel of recent 
years is by a Missourian, Winston 
Churchill, and has its scene laid in Mis- 
The "Little Book of Missouri Verse," 
by J. S. Snoddy and "Missouri Litera- 
ture," edited by President R. H. Jesse and Dr. 
E. A. Allen, contain the names and extracts 
from the excellent works of Missouri authors in 
verse and prose. The Missouri Bibliography, 
compiled by P. A. Sampson, of Columbia, secre- 
tary of the State Historical Society, contains 
the titles of one thousand five hundred volumes 
by Missourians. Among them are William Vin- 
cent Byars, William Marion Reedy, Henry M 
Blossom, George W. Ferrel, E. R. Taylor, John 
T. Hughes, Col. William F. Switzler, J. M. Green- 
wood, John D. Lawson, Frank Thilly, W. V. N. Bay, 
John F. Darby, Alexander Majors, R. E. Lee Gibson, 
John N. Edwards, Raymond Weeks, Hugh A. Garland, 
Constance Faunt Le Roy Runcie, W. R. Hei'eford, C. 
L. Phifer, Lee Merriwether, W. P. King. Thomas L. 
Snead, Robertus Love, Claude H. Wetmore, F. H. 
Sosey, L. W. Allen, Champ Clark, Kate Field, 
SOME HANNIBAL CHURCHES. James K. Hosmer. John R. Musick, James Newton 

Baskett, W. T. Moore, J. H. Garrison, E. A. Allen, R. M. Field, W. R. Hollister, 
Harry Norman, D. C. Allen, N. C. Kouns, J. W. Buel, C. M. Woodward, Henry 
Tudor, D. R. McAnally, E. R. Hendrix, Ernest McGaffey, and Denton J. 
Snider. 

Missouri newspapers are well-edited, widely- 
circulated and influential. There is no county 
without a daily or weekly newspaper. Every 
shade of political, social, and religious thought 
is represented. In 426 cities, towns and vil- 
lages are published the 992 newspapers and 
magazines of the State. Of these, 87 are daily. 
14 semi-weekly, 746 weekly, 4 fortnightly, 10 
semi-monthly, 119 monthly, 3 bi-monthly, and 
9 quarterly. The Missouri Gazette — now the St. 
Louis Republic — is the oldest Missouri news- 
paper. Its publication dates to 1808. The Palmyra Spectator is the oldest weekly 
newspaper continuously in one family. 





BAPTIST CHURCH, KIRKSVILLE. 




WITH its extensive watei' 
frontage, washed as tlie 
State is along the entire 
stretch of its eastern bor- 
der by the Mississippi 
river, traversed from west to east by the 
Missouri and furrowed by innumerable 
lesser streams, the fisheries of Missouri 
demand first considei'ation in an exami- 
nation of the fauna of the State and its 
economic value. 

The Mississippi river and its tribu- 
taries constitute the most extensive river 
system in the United States and embrace 
many large streams which 
are not only of value as water 
highways but are of the ut- 
most importance on account 
of their fisheries. In recent 
years the fisheries of this 
great system have developed 
to such a degree that they 
now exceed in quantity and 
nearly equal in value the en- 
tire yield of the remaining 
interior waters of the United 
States, with the exception of 
the Great Lakes. The most 
important products are buf- 



221 



•>•>•> 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Where the 
fisheries are 
conducted. 



Investment in 
fisheries. 



Output from 
fisheries. 



falo fish, catfish, and German carp, while mussel shells, which are used quite 
extensively in the manufacture of pearl buttons, furnish an item of no small 
value. 

The fisheries of Missouri are conducted chiefly in the Mississippi river, 
although fishing for the market is carried on to a considerable extent in the 
Missouri river. St. Francis river, Little river, Big Lake and in various other 
waters, especially the lakes and streams of the southeast. 

In the year 1899 according to the United States Fish Commission there 
were employed in their fisheries 1,531 persons, and the value of the total invest- 
ment represented b y 
boats, apparatus for 
catching fish, or seines, 
nets of all kinds, lines, 
traps, etc., shore prop- 
erty and capital used 
in the fisheries, 
amounted to $645,671. 
The total product of 
the fisheries for that 
year was 7,551,442 
pounds, the value of 
which was $211,301. 
More than half of this 
quantity was obtained 
from the Mississippi 
river alone. The va- 
rious kinds of appara- 
tus commonly used, and the quantity and value of the products obtained with 
each were as follows: Seines yielding 1,655,514 pounds, $52,302; fyke nets, 
1,530,103 pounds, $49,189; trammel nets, 843,686 pounds, $25,420; and set and 
drift lines, 888,977 pounds, $35,831. The species of fish and other animals which 
contribute most extensively to this result were buffalo fish, 1,862,226 pounds, 
$44,743; catfish, 875,050 pounds, $40,755; frogs, 237,600 pounds, $29,313; black 
bass, 394,336 pounds, $20,362; crappie, 358,913 pounds, $18,310; and suckers, 
495,307 pounds, $14,181. The remainder was made up of German carp, mussel 
shells, fresh-water drum fish, paddle fish, sturgeon, sunfish, otter skins, pike 
perch, turtles, white and rock bass, pike and pickerel, lake sturgeon, eels, and 
mooneys, in the order of their value. 




ON THE NIANGUA RIVER. 



TABLE SHOWING, BY WATERS, THE NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE FISHERIES 

OF MISSOURI. 



FISHERIES IN WHICH EMPLOYED 


> 

M 


X 


w 
S 

M 

•z 


-A 

li 

n 
Z r 

c 

< 




WATERS 


n 

3 

w 


H 
so 
> 

M 

r 

•z 

M 

H 




M 

H 
r 

5 
w 


> 
z 2 

a :;5 

■K 

> I 

3 > 

« a 

r 

5 

m 


> 


c: 
2: 




H 
H 
w 

H 
50 
> 


•n 

c 

•z 
a 
2: 


n 




H 

5 
> 


Mississippi River 
Missouri River 
St. Francis River 
Little River, Big Lake 
Swamps and Lakes 

Total 


i6i 
I II 

3 
38 
69 

382 


2! 

14 
42 

39 
116 


207 

145 
20 
24 
10 


162 
161 

34 
60 

59 


36 

42 

66 

4 

148 


88 

106 

80 


S8 
80 


3S 
46 


8 


121 


2 


359 

47 


814 
334 
97 
100 
186 


406 


476 


274 


194 


81 


8 


121 


2 


406 


1,531 



The entire investment in the fisheries, amounting to $645,671, is distributed 
among the waters of the State as follows: 



FAUNA AND I ISHEKIKS. 



223 



Mississippi river $508,695 

Missouri river 115,859 

St. Francis river 6.224 

Little river and Big Lake 8,513 

Swamps and Lal\es 6,380 

Total $645,671 

It will be seen from this comparison that by far the greater part of the 
money invested in the fisheries is to be found in the industries along the Mis- 
sissippi river, and although this is chiefly due to the greater value of the store- 
property, amounting to $261,639, belonging to the mussel fisheries, it also indi- 
cates that the other waters of Missouri have not been exploited as fully in 
respect to their fisheries as the Mississippi river which alone yields more than 
half of the products obtained in the entire State. It can not be doubted 
a valuable field lies open for the extension of fisheries into other waters which 
are as yet but poorly developed. 

An examination of the yield of the more important waters with respect 
to the products of the fisheries is of especial interest as indicating the relative 
distribution throughout the State of those species of animals on which the 
fisheries mainly rely. 



M 



ussel-fishing 
of largest value. 



TABLE— YEAR'S YIELD OF MISSOURI FISHERIES, WITH RESPECT TO WATERS. 





BLACK BASS 


BUFFALO 


FISH 


GERMAN CARP 


CATFISH 


CRAPPIE 




WATERS 


lbs 


lbs 




lbs 


lbs 


lbs 


lbs 


Mississippi River 


4,246 


763 


,386 


417,980 


347,479 


9,091 


114,255 


Missouri River 


1,210 


235 


,220 




171,845 


8,487 


70,040 


St. Francis River 


105,000 


160 


,600 


1,000 


1 1 1,300 


79,000 


985 


Little Riv., Big Lake 


262,000 


584 


,000 


6,220 


189,400 


239,300 


4,625 


Swamps and Lakes 


21,180 


119 


020 


28,050 


55,026 


1 23,035 


7,460 


Total 


394,336 


1,862 


226 


453,250 


875,050 


1 358,913 


197,365 












PADDLE 








EELS 


HICKORY 


SHAD 


MOONEYE 


FISH 


PIKE 


PERCH 


Mississippi River 


3,256 




450 


4,19s 


106,576 




4,491 


Missouri River 


855 








57,875 


1,900 


10,090 


St. Francis River 


800 








700 


2,350 


615 


Little Riv., Big Lake 


2,900 








6,100 


13,900 


2,442 


Swamps and Lakes 










19,680 


1,150 


195 


Total 


7,811 




450 


4,195 


190,931 


19,300 


17,833 






STURGEON. 


STURGEON, 


















SUCKERS 


SUNFISH 








LAKE 


SHOVELNOSE 






BASS 


Mississippi River 


3,560 


7 


269 


75,810 


67,652 


1,840 


760 


Missouri River 




I 


950 


74,720 


77,055 




440 


St F"rancis River 


2,025 








12,000 


31,000 




Little Riv., Big Lake 


9,070 








77,930 


93,830 




Swamps and Lakes 


1,170 








260,670 


4,850 




Total 


15,825 


9 


219 


150,530 


495,307 


131,5-0 


I ,200 












OTTER 


TOTAL B'i 








FROOS 




MUSSEL SHELLS 


SKINS 


lbs 


V.ALUE 


Mississippi River 


32,219 






2,084,000 




4,048,515 


S 67,527 


Missouri River 












711,687 


32,110 


St. Francis River 


1,300 


72, 


300 




394 


581,369 


26,753 


Little Riv., Big Lake 


10,300 


91, 


104 




368 


1,594,189 


57,372 


Swamps and Lakes 




74, 


196 






615,682 


27,539 


Total 


43,819 


237, 


600 


2,084,090 


762 


7,551,442 


2! 1,301 



Year's yield of 
Missouri waters. 



224 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Comparison ot 
various streams. 



With proper 
protection a 
greater develop- 
ment. 



Mussel shells. 



Several facts of interest are apparent after an examination of the above 
statistics. All of the pi'oducts given with two or three exceptions were obtained 
in the Mississippi river, while some for example, the buffalo fish, German carp 
and mussel shells were caught in very large quantities. The yield of the St. 
Francis river was not far behind that of the Missouri in bulk, but it represented 
a greater diversity of forms. The fisheries products of Little river and Big 
Lake exceeded in quality and nearly equalled in value the total output of the 
St. Francis and Missouri rivers combined, while miscellaneous lakes contrib- 
uted a not considera- 
ble amount to the en- "" 
tire world. It is also 
worthy of notice that 
the mussel fisheries are 
confined to the Missis- 
sippi river, in part at 
least due to the 
greater accessibility Ol 
the mussel beds of that 
stream to the market. 

The result of the 
comparison of the wa- 
ters of the State shows 
clearly that as con- 
trasted with the Mis- 
sissippi the other rivers 
are not yielding their 
proportionate share of 
the products of the 
fisheries, and undoubt- 
edly these streams, with 
proper protection, are capable of a much greater development. 

There are eight wholesale fish establishments in St. Louis with an aggregate 
business of $1,450,363, and seven in Kansas City with a business of $436,597. 

The Missouri Fish Commission, with hatcheries at St. Joseph and St. Louis 
and the United States Fish Commission with hatchery at Neosho have done 
much to keep Missouri waters well stocked with fish. 

The mussel fisheries of Missouri produced in a single year, 2,084,000 pounds 
of shells. The value of these shells, which were landed principally at Hannibal, 
Canton, and La Grange was $9,217, although this figure includes two pearls 




ON THE OSAGE RIVER. 




rx swri'T nivER (amp. 



valued at $135. which were found in the shells. Tlio shipment of shells from 
Hannibal alone amounted to thirty car loads of 50,000 pounds each, its shells 
boin.t;' sold at from 10 to 75 cents i)or pound, accordin.i;- to the variety. 



FAUNA AND FISHERIES. 



225 



The manufacture of pearl buttons from the shells of our native fresh-water 
mussels taken in the Mississippi river is of comparatively recent date, having Pearl button 

factories. 




A VIEW ON THE BEAUTIFUL MERAMEC RIVEB. 

been first undertaken in 1891 at Muscatine, Iowa. During the next four years 

the business developed into an industry of considerable proportions in several Industry of consid- 

States. erable impor- 

tance. 




FLOATING FISHING ON THE BIG PINEY RHER. 



Mo. — 15 



220 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




SHOOTING FROM "DUGOUT" ON ST. FRANCIS RIVER. 



Utilization 
of mussels ot 
various kinds. 



Common forms 
which are used 
for button- 
making. 



Diversified fauna. 



There are six factorie.- in Missouri, employing 121 persons in 1899, and pro- 
ducing 50,000 gross of buttons and 164,400 gross of button blanks. 

Although there are some 400 species of mussels living in the Mississippi 
river and its tributaries, very few can be utilized in the manufacture of but- 
tons, because not all by any means possess the necessary qualifications. Only 
those shells are serviceable which after the waste of grinding a considerable 
amount are still of the requisite thickness for buttons. The shells of many 
species are too soft or too brittle and will crack and split in the process of 
cutting and grinding; and, again, the shells must present a uniform color, which 
is preferably white, since the pink, purple and other colors are liable to fade. 
Dead shells which have lain a long time exposed to air or water become useless 
for button making. 

The species in most common use on the Mississippi river is the so-called 
"niggerhead," Quadmtla ehena, which has a very thick shell and is uniformly 
glistening white on the interior. A few other species pass muster at the 
hands of the button-makers, and ranking next to the "niggerhead" among the 
commoner forms ai-e those known along the Mississippi as "sand shells," which, 
however, include several different species of mussels, as, for example Lampsilis 
anaclontoides, L. rectna, and L. fallaciosus. The popular name arises from the 
fact that these forms are found chiefly on sandy bottoms. Several additional 
species yield good buttons, but they are generally scarce, and in Missouri nearly 
all of the shells obtained in the mussel fishery are "niggerhead" and "sand 
shells." The habitat of the mussel is of course not confined to the Mississippi 
river and many of the tributaries contain good button varieties, but owing 
chiefly to the absence of local demand, beds in these streams are rarely fished. 

Missouri with its rolling prairies, its belts of timber and its varied waters, 
has all the natural prerequisites of a most diversified fauna, and as a home 
for fauna could be surpassed by no State in the middle west. But, as a result of 
the sure extermination that follows upon the heel of civilization, much of the 
game that once so abounded in the State, has passed into history. 



FAUNA AND FISHERIES. 



227 




FISHING ON WHITE BIVEB, TANEY COUNTY. 



The Virginia deer, our most conspicuous game mammal, once common in 
many parts of the State, is now confined to a few of the southern and south- 
eastern counties, when it occurs in relative abundance, and in favorable locali- 
ties is said to be increasing. The forests of this region are free from under- 
growth and, therefore, afford little natural shelter for the larger mammals, but 
the deer have in recent years been securing an artificial means of conceal- 
ment in districts where lumbermen have left masses of tree tops and branches 
on the ground after cutting out timber. It is quite possible that the reputed 
increase of deer is mainly due 
to this fact, which is proba- 
bly also responsible for the 
growing invasion of similar 
regions by wolves from the 
farther-west. 

In the extreme south- 
eastern counties the black 
bear appears as an occasional 
straggler from Arkansas, and 
on the streams and lakes of 
the same section the beaver 
may still be found in small 
numbers. The cougar, va- 
riously called mountain lion, 
puma or panther, is found 
now but very rarely even in 
the wildest and most unset- 
tled districts. This is also 
true of the wild cat, or cata- 
mount, once so common, but 
sections. 

The red fox, that prince of cunning, is quite numerous 
gray fox is found in smaller numbers. 

The raccoon and opossum are familiar inhabitants, and the rabbit or cotton- 
tail, in spite of the enormous destruction which yearly takes place in its 
ranks, is astonishingly abundant. The gray squirrel, and the woodchuck, or 
groundhog, famous for his long winter sleep, are numerous. The muskrat. 



Deer increasing 
in some sections. 



Black bear 

almost extinct. 




A GROUP OF MISSOURI 'POSSUMS. 

now restricted by civilization to 



thinly settled 
The less shrewd 



Foxes, raccoons 
and 'possums. 



228 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Rich bird fauna. 




Prairie chicken, 
snipe and plover. 



Game laws. 



A MOENING CATCH, HOLT COUNTY. 



whose fur when dyed is frequently sold under the name of "electric seal," is in 
evidence whenever water occurs. 

Among the carnivora, or flesh-eating mammals, which have not already 
been mentioned, are the otter, not infrequently found on certain streams. 

Situated immediately in the tract of the great migrations which annually 
take place through the Mississippi valley, it is not surprising to find that Mis- 
souri possesses a won- 
derfully rich bird 
fauna. In addition to 
the residents, thou- 
sands of birds pass 
through the State in 
their journeys to and 
from the more northern 
latitudes. Geese and 
ducks, as visitors, are 
numerous and afford 
excellent shooting on 
the more favorable wa- 
ters, but the game bird 
par excellence is our 
American quail or bob- 
white. The wild turkey 
is still found in the 
southwestern counties, 
and the ruffed grouse, 
known as the partridge or pheasant, occurs in less disturbed wooded districts. 
The prairie chicken, abundant at an earlier day in the northern section of 
the State, is here as elsewhere practically a bird of the past, so carefully has 
the market hunter performed his exterminating work. 

Snipe, plover, woodcock and other minor game birds are plentiful in suitable 
localities. 

Missouri possesses a rich and diversified fauna, diminished of course 
through the progress of civilization and the absolute slaughter by the market 
hunter, but susceptible of preservation by care and wisdom. The future of 
the game and food animals and fish of Missouri depends in the main upon the 
interest which can be aroused throughout the State in the efforts to stay the 
destruction by the enactment of rational fish and game laws and the securing 
of adequate means for their enforcement. 

Game Laws. — Unlawful to kill deer between January 1 and October 1, 
to kill any wild song bird or insectivorous bird at any season of the year, or to 
disturb the nests of such birds, or take therefrom any eggs. Unlawful to kill 
any turkey, Chinese pheasant, pinnated grouse (prairie chicken) or ruffed grouse 
(commonly called pheasant or partridge) or any quail (sometimes called Vir- 
ginia partridge) between January 1 and November 1, or any woodcock, turtle 
dove, meadow lark or plover between January 1 and August 1. Unlawful at any 
time or season to catch, take or injure by means of nets, traps, pens or pits or 
other device any kind of game as herein described, and any person who shall 
kill any wild duck between April 1 and October 1 or who shall ensnare, trap 
or kill by means of any explosives any wild goose or turkey, or who shall shoot 
or kill the same between sunset and sunrise by means of gunpowder or other 
explosives of other kind shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. This does not apply 
to any person who shall ensnare, trap or net wild geese or ducks on his own 
premises for his own use. Unlawful for nonresidents to kill or trap game. 
Shipment of same outside of State not allowed. 








PLAN 



^nr^ VI 




al0 



^*»«^^ 





w 



HEN the plant 
life of Mis- 
souri shall 
have been 
well studied 
the State will be ranked among the 
first of the fields for close botanical 
research, and particularly for that 
kind of botanical research which may 
be applied to the interests of agriculture, 
forestry, and other industrial pursuits. It 
is true that the plant life of Missouri does 
not represent so many highly specialized or 
peculiar plant forms as that characterizing 
many sections of the country which happen to be 
more peculiarly situated. An extraordinary variety 
of ordinary types is to be found; and this variety of 
types and the effects of the local conditions upon these 
;ive rise to the problems which make botanical studies 
l)articularly profitable. At first glance it seems strange 
that a great variety of forms should characterize a region 
in which the conditions of temperature do not vary from 
those Alpine to those temperate. Moreover, within the State 
there are included no such diverse plant habitats as those rep- 
resented by cold, wet peat bogs or dry and shifting sand plains. 
Nevertheless, it seems very probable that Missouri, in 
proportion to her area, includes within her borders as great a 
variety of plant life (reckoned in number of species) as any other 
State; hence a much greater variety than the majority of the States 

229 



State fine field 
for botanical 
research. 



Extraordinary 
variety of 
types. 



230 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri flora 
made up of 
many elements. 



As to climatic 
conditions. 



Change of the 
general flora. 



even with more varied conditions. In order to properly understand the plant 
life with relation to the environment, it is necessary to recall the important 
factors of the environment. All general physiographic and climatic factors 
must be taken into consideration in analyzing plant adaptations. 

Missouri lies south of the great prairies of Iowa, and east of those of Kansas. 
She is, therefore, most fortunately situated to receive additions to the flora 
through the migration or seed dissemination of the typical prairie plants. The 
Mississippi river, forming her eastern border, brings the State in touch with the 
whole Northern central basin which this river drains. Crossing the State from 
the northwest to the central east, the Missouri river brings down from the 
prairies and plains, from the northwestern woodlands, and even from the west- 
ern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, the plants characteristic of those regions. 
The Ohio River becomes confluent with the Mississippi opposite a point about 
thirty-flve miles north of the southern boundary of the State; and thus a bond 
of union is effected with the whole Ohio Valley, the western slopes of the eastern 
mountains, and also through the Tennessee River with the States as far south 
as Alabama. This brings to the southeastern border plants of practically the 
whole Appalachian system. Through the Ozark Hills direct connection is had 
with the mountain vegetation of Arkansas and with a certain ridge vegetation 
in Tennessee and Alabama. Lastly, there is indirect connection through per- 
sistent winds, with the great southwest and its typical prairie and arid vegeta- 
tion. From these brief references to the general position of the State, physi- 
ographically and geographically, it will be very evident that the native flora of 
Missouri must be made up in part of elements representing an unusual stretch 
of country, as well as a great variety of floral covering. Moreover, these various 
elements in the flora ai'e constantly strengthened, and may not be annihilated 
by accidental conditions. 

The climatic conditions in Missouri are different north, east, south, and west. 
More or less local conditions may be said to prevail in the northwest, southwest 
and southeast. The rainfall is greatest throughout the southern portion of the 
State, and somewhat less rain falls in the southeast than in the southwest. This 
is particularly true with reference to the growing period, and, therefore, the dif- 
ference is emphasized. From year to year the date of the last killing frost does 
not seem to vary within very wide limits in different parts of the State, although 
the northwest is often a week later than the central portion. The first frosts in 
autumn are also earlier in the northwest as a rule. Aside from these conditions 
of temperature and rainfall, two others of less importance may be mentioned, 
those of light and wind. The light factor, while absolutely essential for the 
growth of green plants, does not need special consideration with reference to 
Missouri conditions, since, in general, the conditions conform to those chai-acter- 
istic of the whole country. Light-loving, heliophilous, and shade-loving, umbro- 
philous, plants are, of course, characteristic of our flora, and naturally seek ex- 
posure or shelter as their needs demand. The wind factor is also comparatively 
unimportant. Composite plants, however, whose seeds are for the most part so 
light and feathery as to be blown great distances, flnd an easy method of dissem- 
ination through the State and the impress of the southwest Is strongly felt 
throughout western and central Missouri. 

Entering the State from the northwest and traveling southeastward to the 
border, one passes through successive regions in which the general floral covering 
changes several times. The true prairie vegetation of the northwest grades into 
a central region of unusual heterogeneity where, indeed, northern, western, 
southern and southwestern plants contend constantly among themselves for the 
mastery. In the Ozark plateau the flora seems to be of a type with some dis- 
tinctly Appalachian elements, but with many peculiarities common to that 
of the extension of this ridge into Arkansas, Tennessee, and Alabama; and, fin- 
ally, in the southwest there is a flora more closely resembling that of the south- 
ern alluvial formations. 



PLANT LIFE. 



231 




THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION l^ROM WOODED HILLSIDE TO BLUE GRASS PASTURE. 



In order to view the general floral features from the point of view of the 
economist, one may for the moment leave out of consideration all minor charac- 
ters of the plant associations in order to fix the attention upon the two 
great popular floral sub-divisions, forests and prairies— sylvan and campestral 
types. The general forest vegetation of the State is to be found in the region 
characterized by a soil of residuary limestone, and, in addition, along the val- 
leys of nearly all streams. These are the typical forest regions, yet changes 
which are now being wrought by the pursuits of men serve in the main to en- 
croach upon the territory of the forests and further to expand those areas with 
campestral affinities. 

It must not be supposed that soil features alone separate the plant life into 
prairie and forest vegetation. As a matter of fact, any exposed or high area, if 
of considerable extent, may become a prairie. In such areas, forest fires find 
nothing to check them when once they have begun to make headway, and any 
such exposed piece of land of sufficient area may, after being burned over, grow 
up as a typical prairie. It is thus that in certain sections of the true Ozark re- 
gions distinctive prairies have arisen, and in due course of time these have again 
been supplanted by forests. 

The North American continent is divided into three main regions, a boreal 
or northern, an austral or great central, and a tropical, or far southern. The 
lines marking these regions are all deflected, of course, by the positions of moun- 
tain ranges. The central portion of this austral region, known as the upper 
austral zone, occupies much of the central portion of the country. The eastern 
humid section of this zone, known as the Carolinian area, skirts the Alleghenies 
on the east and south, cutting through many States on the Atlantic border, and 
it extends westward from West Virginia and Kentucky to the one hundredth me- 
ridian. This area includes besides (1) small section of many of the Atlantic and 
Gulf States, (2) nearly the whole of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, 
Iowa, and Kansas, a large portion of Nebraska, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and 
Arkansas, and (3) small areas in other bordering States throughout this gen- 
eral region. This would mean that so far as temperature is concerned we might 
predicate the successful growth in Missouri of any plant species of this whole 
area, as well as of many plants common to several areas; for, as a matter of fact, 
some plants are quite independent of mean daily temperatures, and are not con- 
formable to such a single-factor category. Aside from the heat or temperature 
factor, there are other important climatic relations of the plant, relations as to 
rainfall, light and wind. 



General forest 
vegetation. 



Prairies and 
forests. 



The upper 
austral zone. 



232 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




THE CYPRESS (TAXODIUM DISTICIIUM ) , THE DOMINANT GKOWTH IN THE CYPRESS 

SWAMPS. 



Importance of 
moisture in 
plant distribu- 
tion. 



Missouri plants 
as to formations. 



More important, however, to the life of a plant is usually the relation to the 
soil, or the substratum, the so-called edaphic relation. This latter i-elation is 
three fold, and may refer in special cases to the moisture content of the soil, and 
always refers to the physical constitution and to the chemical content of the soil. 
Of these various relations the former is perhaps the most important of all factors 
governing the distribution of plants within any region. It is often largely de- 
pendent upon rainfall, and then becomes, for all practical purposes, a climatic 
factor. 

In recent times the above fact relating to the importance of moisture in the 
distribution of plants has been well recognized, and those who have in our time 
done most for the study of plants in their envii'onments have made use of this 
important relation to water content in arranging plants in groups according to 
their natural preferences of habitat. These groups, with more or less common 
and constant affinities, are termed plant formations. In applying these group- 
ings to a study of the vegetation of this State, the plants of Missouri may be 
divided into the following formations: 

First. Hydrophytes, consisting of aquatic or sub-aquatic plants, that is, 
those whose habitat is either the water or water-soaked substrata. 

Second. Mesophytes, those requiring or electing a medium degree of soil 
moisture and a medium humidity, this group making up the great bulk of our 
species. 

Third. Xerophytes, are those plants which prefer to grow or may grow in a 
dry atmosphere, and in a soil or situation furnishing but little moisture. 

In this State, moreover, it is well to distinguish at least one other: 

Fourth. Rupestrine, including those plants growing upon cliffs and ledges 
under a great variety of conditions of moisture. 

The above subdivisions refer largely to the flowering plants and to the ferns 
and fern allies, not attempting to include, except in a general way, the lower 
cryptogams. 

Our typical aquatic flowering plants are few, and this is doubtless due to the 
scarcity of lakes and ponds in the State. For the most part, the ponds are arti- 
ficial, and the plants which are found in these habitats are generally species of 
very wide distribution, such, for instance, as a few species of the small floating 
duckweeds (Lemna and Spirodela) , pondweeds (Potamogeton) , the common horn- 
wort (Ceratophyllum), the Chinquapin water lily (Nelumbo), and the water- 
weed (Philotria). As characteristic amphibious plants we have a large number, 
such, for instance, as the water plantain (Alisma), ari'owhead (Sigittarria), cat- 



PLANT LIFE. 



233 



tail (Typha), bur reed (Sparganium), wild rice (Zizania), and other grasses and 
sedges. On the mud flats of our streams, in wet woods, swamps, and in other in the cypress 
such situations are to be found numerous other species of sedges, such compo- swamps, 
sites as certain tickseeds (Coreopsis), also water peppers (Polygonum), rag 
weeds, etc. As a truly amphibious plant, confined, however, to the southeastern 
portion of the State, might be mentioned the well known cypress (Taxodium dis- 
tichum), a tree of great scientific and economic interest. This tree is the domi- 
nant growth in the true cypress swamps. Its wonderful "knees" and thickened 
trunk bases have long afforded interesting topics for physiological speculation. 
Again, along (he borders of streams, are to be found as typical riparian plants, 
a few willows (Salix) and birches (Betula), the plant tree (Platanus), as well 
as many herbaceous plants. 

On the whole, it is noticeable that Missouri streams do not commonly abound 
with aquatic plants, although the willow weed (Dianthera) is fairly common as a 
stream-bed plant throughout at least a portion of the State. The water cress 
(Nasturtium) is also found filling those streams carrying more or less clear or 
spring water in many portions of the State. 

Without special reference to the moisture content of the soil, the mesophytic 
flora may be divided into two types — the sylvan or forest type, and the campa- 
nal, or grass-herbaceous type of prairies and clearings. These two types include 
innumerable plant associations and so many species that very little can be said 
of them in detail. The forest vegetation throughout the State may be divided 
into upland and lowland types. The upland type includes, as most common rep- 
resentatives in the northern and central portions of the State, a considerable 
variety of oaks and hickories, the black walnut, once so common throughout our 
State, the pine in a limited area, and in some sections many species of Crataegus 
certain species of plum and other shrubby plants. This forest type in southern 
Missouri is much richer in species than the forests situated back from the 
streams in the northern portion of the States. In the south, the upland forest 
type may be divided into several regions, governed by soil and exposure, each 
of which regions has its characteristic dominant forest trees. 

From this it may be said in general, that the white oak is found on the 
ridges in the southeast, thence throughout a large portion of the pine area sub- 



Aquatic plants. 



Upb.nd forest 
type. 





a '^^T£iit^~^*m^kiii^ms^ii^iiM^iti^^^iMf«a^:fe 



A TYPICAL HAEDWOOD FOBEST IN SOUTHEBN MISSOURI. 



234 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



'-^ r'^^^rl^^.^r/rP-' 




# ^ • 



'mi^^smimmm^,j'^- Ka'mt 




IIIK YELLOW PINE (PINUS ECIIINATA) IN SOUTHEASTERN MISSOURI. 



Pine and oak. 



Grasses and 
farms. 



sequently referred to, and finally it serves also to give the stamp of an oak forest 
to nearly all wooded uplands throughout the middle and northern portion of the 
State. 

The pine (Pinus echinata) at one time covered, or at least dominated the 
region south and southwest of the Archaean outcrops in the southeastern part of 
the State. It found favorable conditions for growth upon the silicious outcrops 
and flinty hills of the I'egion, growing as far down the northern hillsides as the 
silicious soil obtained. In some sections this pine has rapidly disappeared, with 
the common methods of lumbering, and in the absence of all methods of for- 
esting. In some places it has been superseded by orchards of peaches and plums; 
but with proper methods of forestry it could yet be made to do a most important 
forest duty. 

Occupying a considerable belt west of the region of pine and white oak, 
there is found the Black- Jack scrub-oak associations. As an economic forest area 
this is a belt of less importance, and it may be looked upon as marking the bor- 
der land of forest and prairie. 

The upland and south hillside clearings, which require much time in order 
to be converted into pasture or culturable land, represent a fierce struggle for 
occupation between many naturalized and native weeds on the one hand and the 
second growth, or shoot-growth, of the forest trees on the other. 

Throughout much of the year the hei'baceous growth, or forest vegetation, in 
this region, is characterized by grasses and a few ferns, with a liberal number of 
rosaceous plants. This type of forest also shields, particularly on the hillsides, 
many of our most common and much sought spring plants, as well as the "flow- 
ers" of later seasons. Among the very earliest of the former one must mention, 
without attempting to group them in their exact associations, the dog-tooth 
violet (Erythronium), the spring beauty (Claytonia), bloodroot (Sanguinaria), 
violets (Viola), and in rich woods, Isopyrim in abundance, and many others. 
These are followed by such of the open woods plants as phlox, verbena, and qua- 
masia, and several species of Astragalus. 

The early summer flora of herbaceous plants in upland and fairly moist 
woods, is dominated by such plants as Phacelia, Podophyllum, Galium, and 
Geranium. The species of middle and late summer, in the upland woods, at 
least, show a proportionately greater number of leguminous and rosaceous 



PLANT LIFE. 



235 




plants, as well as many mints (Labiatae) and composites (Compositae). The 
herbaceous autumn flora of the wooded uplands coalesces more than any other 
with the campestral and open glade covering. 

As in many other parts of the country, the flowers of the woodland borders 
are at this season largely composites, such as asters, goldenrods, coneflowers, and 
the like. In the number of individuals the composite families stand easily first 
in almost any region, although the subdominant 
growth in the pine lands consists largely of beard 
grasses (sometimes termed broomsedges) and 
hardy legumes. 

In spite of the fact, however, that the upland 
forest type includes the great forest regions of 
Missouri, yet the river valleys and alluvial plains, 
when in forest, afford a heavy growth of timber, 
and owing to the numerous associations of her- 
baceous plants which are to be found throughout 
the lowland forests, the latter give every indica- 
tion of much greater density of shade and luxur- 
iance of growth. The lowland forests include our 
elms, certain maples, the basswood, and many 
oaks from the upland associations. It also merges 
gradually into the true riparian formation, includ- 
ing the poplars, sycamores, willows, and others. 
In the southeastern portion of .he State the black- 
gum abounds, three species of hackberry are com- 
mon, and the sweetgum is not infrequent. The 
above, indeed, gives but a faint idea of the lowland 
forest type, for numerous shrubs and vines, 
as well as trees less frequently found, are generally 
distributed, although they may not be pointed to as 
constituting usually a dominant element in the 

general type. The herbaceous growth or forest floor vegetation characteristic of 
this type, includes also numerous plants of our vernal aestival and serotinal 
floras. While the general forest floor growth characteristic of this type includes 
numerous rosaceous plants, some members of the nettle family, as well as some 
ferns and sedges, we find very commonly many interesting herbaceous associa- 
tions, with such herbs as members of the waterleaf family (Hydrophylaceae), the 

jewel weed (Impatiens), certain crucifers 
(Cruciferae), and many others, including 
violets and mints, bed-straws and com- 
posites. 

Very little need be said of the planl 
associations forming the prairie and cam- 
pestral type; but under this should be 
included the vegetation of the prairies, 
of pastures, and of abandoned fields. In 
the true prairies the grass floor is of 
course the most distinctive feature; and 
composing the latter the grasses are quite 
various, depending upon the soil and 
other conditions. Along with these are 
to be found many species of composites 
and some mints. Many of our hillsides, 
which were formerly wooded, have been 
denuded of practically all trees and the 
cultivation of fields has broken up the 
native grass flora. Under such condi- 
tions blue grass has usually established 
itself and has spread, often through its 



Flowers of the 
woodland. 



THE EDIBLE MOKEL (MOECHELLA ESCULENTA) 
ABUNDANT IN SHADY PLACES EARLY IN MAY. 



Heavy growth 
of timber. 




Frairie and 
campestral 
types. 



A WOOD-DESTROYING FUNGUS 
(LENTINUS QUERCINUS). 



236 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




THE RELATION OF PASTURAGE TO FOREST VEGETATION AND UNDERBRUSH. THE 
WORK OF A WEEK BY A FLOCK OF GOATS. 



Few instances 
of a live xero- 
phytic formation. 



own initiative, to a most remarkable extent. Growing withi this tliere are to be 
found several weeds of general distribution, notably, the ironweeds and the milk- 
weeds. Along the edges of fields and wherever the cultivator is negligent, there 
are to be found some native, numerous cosmopolitan introduced species and many 
fugitive weeds. These last seem to gain strength by the presence of man, and 
they are so important as a factor in the plant life and in denoting the worth of 
the soil that one should look with suspicion upon any cultivated field which 
would not soon grow up to them if neglected. In some sections of the State the 
prairie vegetation has been so nearly annihilated that in order to find any true 
associations belonging to it one must look to the borders of railroads, fence- 
corners, and roadsides. 

Fortunately for the industrial development of the State, but detracting 
somewhat from the botanist's pleasure, perhaps, is the fact that very few in- 
stances of a true xerophytic formation are to be found. Nevertheless one finds 
occasionally breaking the monotony of the general mesophytic formations, ex- 
posed clay hills and barren outcrops which are characterized by such modifica- 
tions in the plant covering as to justify a differentiation of these plants as of 
xerophytic tendency. It is sometimes difficult to clearly distinguish this xero- 
phytic formation from that which would be properly classified as the extremest 
in the cliff summit subdivision of the rupestrine flora. The chief woody growth 
consists of scrub oaks and some dwarf species of Crataegus, with a few suffru- 
tescent plants of several families; such herbaceous plants abound as certain mem- 
bers of the rockrose family, a few grasses, and the plantain-leaved everlasting 
(Antennaria) ; and finally there are found a few dense tufts of several species of 
moss, including also the common lichen, popularly known as the reindeer moss. 



PLANT LIFE. 



237 



Perhaps the most interesting formation of the State is the rupestrine, which 
name is applied to the whole vegetation to be found upon rocks and cliffs. 

This formation is made up of types of vegetation varying from those which 
are to be found in situations under ledges, subject to the constant drip of seepage 

waters, to that type which is 
characteristic of the high expos- 
ed rocky summits. In the former 
situations there is found the 
true fontinal type of mosses and 
hepatics, and it is this last which 
at times closely resembles and 
grades into the xerophytic form- 
ation previously described. Be- 
sides the fontinal and the ex- 
posed types, portions of the cliff 
may, of course, be covered with 
vegetable mould or turf, and 
here a variety of plants of the 
general mesophytic type (which 
may require special conditions 
of shelter) find refuge and flour- 
ish. On these cliffs, moreover, 
are to be found several species 
of our most interesting ferns, 
and with the increasing expos- 
ure the vegetation is at times 
completely monopolized by asso- 
ciations of lichens and mosses. 
Poison ivy and Virginia creeper 
also find here an opportunity to 
grow and spread themselves un- 
interruptedly over considerable 
areas. On those cliff summits of 
considerable extent, especially on those where occur also shrubby plants of the 
barren hill types, one notes a peculiar and interesting fact. Some of the plants 
whose normal habitats are the prairies or the plains have here sought refuge, 
and upon these exposures they seem to find those conditions well adapted to 
their maintenance. In fact, throughout the central portions of Missouri, particu- 
larly in the vicinity 
of the Missouri river 
one searches in such 
situations alone for 
many characteristic 
plants of the more 
arid west. In the 
same situations one 
finds the one mem- 
ber of the heath fam- 
ily whose range is 
far westward and 
northward i n this 
State, namely the 
low h u c k 1 e b erry 
(Vaccinium vacil- 
lans). 

It is the compo- 
site family which in 
Missouri dominates 
all others in number 




THE VEGETATION OF CLIFFS AND OF 
MOIST WOODS. 



Rupestrine, a 
most interesting 
vegetation. 



Rivers and 
waters. 



Ivv and creepers. 




AA "IMv cap" (CAPRINUS PICACEUS ) , A FUNGUS OF EARLY SPRING. 



238 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri domin- 
ates in the 
connposite family. 



No red cedar 
in Missouri. 



Beautiful wild 
flowers. 



Algae, and less 
conspicuous 
flora. 



Fungous collec- 
tions. 



of species, and perhaps in individuals as well. The most striking differences 
obtain when one compares the orchid and heath-rhododendron elements in our 
flora with the same elements in eastern floras. In central and southern Mis- 
souri orchids are almost totally lacking, and in the same region there is found, 
for the most part, but a single representative of the heath family. In the 
southeastern portion of the State these plant species become somewhat more 
abundant — the impress of the far southern flora being more strongly felt. 

What has been said of the Eri- 
caceae and Orchidaceae holds true, 
in large part for those two geolog- 
ically old subdivisions of our flora, 
the Gymnosperms (with us conifers 
only) and the Pteridophytes (fern 
and fern allies). North, west and 
northwest of the pine lands of the 
State (where only one species of the 
pine is native) our only coniferous 
plant is the red cedar which, if it 
is the same species as the red cedar 
of the east, is much altered in form 
and reduced in stature. In central, 
northern and western Missouri a 
score of ferns are to be found, 
which number is nearly doubled by 
the species of the northeast. 

The traveler, the layman trav- 
eler, from the east will ask in vain 
for some of the delicate vernal rep- 
resentatives of his home flora, yet 
for these he can find in our flora 
many substitutes. With these sub- 
stitutes and with many species com- 
mon to both sections, with the 
spring beauty, the flowering sumac 
and the red-bud, followed by the 
luxuriance of phlox and verbena, he 
should be able to compensate himself abundantly for the trailing arbutus, rho- 
dodendron and orchids until the time of full fruitage of mints and composites. If 
he is keen in economic appreciation, as well as in aestheticism, he will certainly 
realize that the prairies which produce such mats of grasses and such "weed" as- 
sociations, or the stream flats which support a growth of horseweed and 
other herbs of almost shrubby proportions, are capable of blossoming in a vari- 
ety of important ways. 

Aside from the cryptogams, or seedless plants, already referred to under the 
name Pteridophytes, various representatives of the Bryohpytes (mosses and 
hepatics) and of the Thallophytes (algae and fungi) are to be found abundantly, 
but these, of course, form a much less conspicuous part of the general landscape. 
The moss flora is varied and interesting. Algae are very common in ponds and 
on damp soils, but they are not so abundant in our streams as in many other 
parts of the country. The lower orders are most abundant, notably members of 
the blue-green algal families, and the lowest families of the green algae. 

The fungous flora of Missouri is very interesting. In the vicinity of Colum- 
bia, during a single year, certain collections have yielded more than five hun- 
dred species. This number may be taken to represent about one-half, perhaps, of 
the fungi which may be readily found in the vicinity. It seems probable that 
approximately the usual proportion of saprophytic and parasitic forms will be 
found to obtain. Many of the commoner parasitic species of the East are not 
so well represented in our flora. This is particularly true of those species which 




THE ALMOND-FLAVOBED MUSHBOOM 
(AQABICUS PABACEUS.) 



PLANT LIFE. 



239 




A COMMON MUSHROOM OF LAWNS AND MEADOWS (AMANITOPSIS VAGINATA). 

require for their best development and spread a constantly moist atmosphere and 
a temperature with extremes not so great as that of this latitude in the West. 
On the other hand, the saprophytic forms are found in great abundance, and 




»THE OYSTER PLEUEOTUS (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS), AN EDIBLE FUNGUS PRODUCED IN 
' GREAT QUANTITY ON DECAYING LOGS IN MOIST SITUATIONS. 



240 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Many edible 
mushrooms. 



But few poison- 
ous varieties. 



Number of 

species of plants 
in the State. 



most of the commoner species of the East are undoubtedly also native or intro- 
duced into our State. Many edible species grow luxuriantly. One finds in lawns 
and pastures during the early summer the esculent species of Coprinus (ink 
caps), and later in the season, Lepiota naucinoides, Amanitopsis vaginata (the 
meadow Amanitopsis), Agaricus campestris (the cultivated agaric), Calvatia 
cyathiforme (the cup-shaped puff-ball), C. craniformis (the puff-ball of pastures, 
as well as woodland borders), Calvatia gigantia (the giant puff-ball), and many 
others. In the wooded areas there are to be found in the early summer, Mor- 
chella esculenta (the edible morel) in great quantity, and this is a plant too 
little appreciated by the layman. In addition, the giant gyromitra (Gyromltra 
esculenta), several species of Lactarius, etc., are not uncommon. Decaying elm 
and willow logs of the low woods furnish a profuse growth of the oyster Pleuro- 
tus (Pleurotus ostreatus). During the late summer and early autumn several 

large species of Clitocybe are 
found on roots of decaying 
stumps in lawns almost ev- 
erywhere, together with some 
smaller species of related ge- 
nera. In the early autumn the 
most abundant edible fungus 
is Armillaria mellea (the 
honey colored Armillaria). 
The latter fungus occurs in 
such abundance in the moist 
forest, and in locations where 
pasture succeeds forest, that 
is, where decaying roots crop 
up through the sod, that it is 
often possible to collect it by 
the wagon load. Of the pois- 
onous or suspicious mush- 
rooms, only a few have as yet 
been found in the vicinity of 
Columbia. A variety of the 
fly Amanita (Amanita musca^ 
ria) is known to be poisonous, 
and among those looked upon 
with suspicion may be men- 
tioned one or two other spe- 
cies of Amanita and certain 
members of the genus Rus- 
sula, and the suspicious Cli- 
tocybe (C. illudens). 
Concerning the number of plants (reckoned by species) in the State, no 
definite accurate statements can be made. Professor Tracy, twenty years ago, 
published a list of eighteen hundred, with many regions not covered. Lists of 
Jackson county and Boone county flora add at least seven hundred to the list, so 
it can be safely assumed that the flora of Missouri includes more than twenty- 
five hundred species of these higher plants. Its interest to the botanist and its 
economic value are suggested by this general discussion of the character and 
extent of the flora of Missouri. 




THE LEATHERY FUNGUS STEKEUM FASCIATUM, A 
FACTOR IN THE DESTRUCTION OF FALLEN OAKS. 




M 



ISSOURI is rightly regarded as an agricultural State. Yet in Mis- 
souri are three cities of over 100,000 inhabitants, a larger num- 
ber than in any other State except five. St. Louis, the metropolis 
of Missouri, is the only city in the United States which by special 
constitutional enactment is a city without a county organization. 
Of the total population of Missouri 34.9 per cent reside in towns and cities. 
There are forty municipalities in the State with a population of over 3,000. 
There are 107 towns with a population between 1,000 and 3,000. Missouri cities, 
towns and villages are organized under the general State law as of the first, 
second, third or fourth class or, in some instances, under special charters granted 

CITIES OF 3,ooo AND OVER, WITH RANK IN THE UNITED STATES AND IN 
THE STATE, TOGETHER WITH THE POPULATION IN 1890 AND 1900. 





> 
z 

5 


> 
7. 

5 







y 




> 

5 


> 

Z 










c 


> 

H 
M 


00 









c 


> 









Aurora 


712 


16 


3,482 


— 6,191 


Louisiana 


858 


22 


5,071 


5,131 


Boonville 


987 


3' 


4,132. 


4,377 


Macon 


1 ,072 


34 


3,350 


4,068 


Brookfield 


802 


20 


4,534 


5,484 


Marshall 


865 


24 


4,258 


5,086 


Butler 


1,352 


3« 


2,812 


3,158 


Maryville 


958 


29 


4,017 


4,577 


Cape Girardeau 


909 


2"^ 


4,288 


4,815 


Mexico 


863 


23 


4,789 


5,090 


Carrollton 


I , I 22 


36 


3,858 


3,854 


Moberly 


543 


1 1 


8,213 


8,012 


Carterville 


981 


30 


2,884 


4,445 


Monett 


1,367 


39 


1,699 


3,115 


Carthage 


470 


9 


7,962 


9,416 


Nevada 


590 


13 


7,262 


7,461 


Chillicothe 


63s 


15 


5,699 


6,905 


Poplar Bluff 


1,003 


32 


2,187 


4,321 


Clinton 


871 


^t; 


4,689 


5,061 


Rich Hill 


1,074 


35 


4,008 


4,053 


Columbia 


777 


18 


3,985 


5,651 


Richmond 


1,234 


37 


2,895 


3,478 


DeSoto 


784 


19 


3,960 


5,61 1 


St Charles 


545 


12 


6,161 


7,982 


Fulton 


897 


26 


4,289 


4,883 


St Joseph 


34 


3 


52,811 


102,979 


Hannibal 


344 


7 


12,816 


12,780 


St Louis 


4 


I 


460,357 


575,238 


Independence 


631 


14 


6,373 


6,974 


Sedalia 


281 


6 


•3,994 


15,231 


Jefferson City 


450 


8 


6,732 


9,664 


Springfield 


181 


5 


21,842 


23,267 


Joplin 


iSS 


4 


9,909 


26,023 


Trenton 


817 


;2i 


5,039 


5,396 


Kansas City 


22 


2 


132,416 


163,752 


Warrensburg 


920 


28 


4,682 


4,724 


Kirksville 


737 


17 


3,491 


5,966 


Washington 


1 ,407 


40 


2,725 


3,015 


Lexington 


1 ,041 


''^ 


4,53s 


4,190 


Webb City 


483 


10 


5,043 


9,201 



Mo. 



241 



242 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



by the legislature. The cities are, in the main, well improved, with good streets 
and light, water, and sewerage systems. The larger cities are described in 
separate chapters while those of smaller population are described under the 
counties in which they are located. 



THE FOLLOWING GIVES A LIST OF THE CITIES WITH POPULATION BETWEEN i ,000 AND 
3,000 AND THE RANK OF EACH IN THE STATE. 



RANK 


POP. 




RANK 


POP. 


RANK 


POP. 


RANK 


POP. 


IN STATE 


1900 


INSTATE 1900 


IN 


STATE 1900 


IN 


STATE 


1900 


Albany 


66 


2,025 


Ferguson 


145 


1,0 1 5 


Lee's Summit 


106 


1,453 


Princeton 


96 


1,575 


Appleton 


129 


1,133 


Festus 


116 


1,256 


Liberty 


51 


2,407 


Rockport 


133 


1,080 


Ash Grove 


141 


1,039 


Fredericktowr 


95 


1,577 


Maiden 


105 


1,462 


Rolla 


94 


1,600 


Belton 


147 


1,005 


Gallatin 


84 


1,780 


Marceline 


49 


2,630 


Salem 


103 


1,481 


Bethany 


62 


^,093 


Glasgow 


91 


1,672 


Marionville 


114 


1,290 


Salisbury 


78 


1,847 


Bevier 


81 


1,808 


Granby 


54 


2,3i5 


Memphis 


56 


2,195 


Sarcoxie 


131 


1,126 


Bloomfield 


104 


i>475 


Grant City 


108 


1,400 


Milan 


86 


1,757 


Savannah 


73 


1,886 


Bolivar 


76 


1,869 


Greenfield 


109 


1,406 


Monroe City 


68 


1,929 


Seneca 


140 


1,043 


Bowling Green 


69 


1,902 


Greenville 


139 


1,051 


MontgomeryCi 


ty65 


2,026 


Shelbina 


87 


1,733 


Breckenridge 


146 


1,012 


Hamilton 


83 


1,804 


Mound City 


90 


1,681 


Sikeston 


136 


1,077 


Brunswick 


1 10 


1,403 


Harrisonville 


79 


1,844 


MountainGrove 148 


1,004 


Slater 


50 


2,504 


California 


57 


2,181 


Hermann 


97 


1,575 


Mount Vernon 


119 


1,206 


Stanberry 


48 


2,652 


Cameron 


41 


2,979 


Higbee 


128 


1,151 


Neosho 


46 


2,725 


Ste. Genevieve 


89 


1,707 


Canton 


5^ 


2,365 


Higginsville 


44 


2,791 


New Franklin 


126 


1,156 


Sweet Springs 


134 


1,080 


Carl Junction 


123 


1,177 


Holden 


60 


2,126 


New Madrid 


102 


1,489 


Tarkio 


70 


1,901 


Caruthersville 


55 


2,315 


Huntsville 


82 


1,805 


Norborne 


121 


1,189 


Thayer 


"5 


1,276 


Centralia 


88 


1,722 


Humansville 


138 


1,055 


Odessa 


107 


1,445 


Tipton 


113 


1,337 


Charleston 


72 


1,893 


Jackson 


92 


1,658 


Oregon 


143 


1,032 


Troy 


127 


1,153 


Clarence 


122 


1,184 


Kahoka 


80 


1,818 


Oronogo 


63 


2,073 


Unionville 


64 


2,050 


Deepwater 


120 


1,201 


Kennett 


98 


1,509 


Osceola 


142 


1,037 


Vandalia 


124 


1,168 


Dexter 


77 


1,862 


Keytesville 


130 


1,127 


Pacific 


118 


1,213 


Versailles 


1 17 


1,240 


Doniphan 


99 


1,508 


Kirkwood 


43 


2,825 


Palmyra 


53 


2,323 


Webster Groves 


71 


1,895 


Edina 


93 


1,605 


La Grange 


100 


1,507 


Paris 


I II 


1,397 


Wellsville 


125 


1,160 


Eldorado Spgs. 


59 


2,137 


Lamar 


45 


2,737 


Pattonsburg 


137 


1,065 


Weston 


144 


1,019 


Excelsior Spgs. 


74 


1,881 


La Plata 


1 12 


1,345 


Pierce City 


58 


2,151 


West Plains 


42 


2,902 


Farmington 


85 


1,778 


Lathrop 


132 


1,118 


Plattsburg 


75 


1,878 


Willow Springs 


135 


1,078 


Fayette ^^ 


47 


2,717 


Lebanon 


61 


2,125 


Pleasant Hill 


67 


2,002 


Windsor 


lOI 


1,502 





sx. L/Ouis r 



To MINDS not given to an indolent acceptance of the merely super- 
ficial aspect of recorded facts, the history of St. Louis, culminating 
in the World's Fair period, resolves itself consistently into seven 
great illuminative epochs. Each of these is significant and typical 
of the city's distinctive life and especial destiny, yet, singly, each has 
many points in common with certain phases of the history of other American 
cities. As a historical whole, however, in which character alone may they be 
contemplated as furnishing a genuinely enlightening story of St. Louis, they are 
without a parallel in American annals. These seven great epochs in the history 
of St. Louis may be set down as follows: 

The foundation, settlement, and occupation of St. Louis by the French col- 
onists under Laclede and Chouteau, extending from 1764 to 1803. 

The Americanizing of St. Louis, dating from the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, 
and accomplished by the influx of Virginia, Tennessee, Carolina, and New Eng- 
land blood, and later by an additional incoming from Kentucky. This was the 
work of the generation from 1803 to 1836. 

The development of the growing town of St. Louis into one of the most im- 
portant Mississippi valley commercial points of that day. This was due to the 
amazing growth of steamboat traffic on the Mississippi river and its tributaries, 
which first secured and then maintained St. Louis' control of the trade of the 
Mississippi valley, a period extending from 1836 to 1860. 

The Civil War period in St. Louis, a time of feverish commercial condi- 
tions and bitter political animosities. During this period St. Louis took its place 
in history as the American city that kept its State in the Union against the will 
of a majority of the State's people. This epoch extends from 1861 to 1865. 

The reaction period following the close of the Civil War, the only era of 
apparent stagnation or retrogression in the history of St. Louis. This lasted 
from 1865 to 1878. 

The renewal of St. Louis' progress along the lines of its true destiny, a 
period sometimes mistakenly alluded to as "the birth of the new St. Louis." 
Within this period the city made notable gains in trade and industry, in popu- 
lation and area, and took its rightful place among the great cities of the Union. 
1878 to 1898. 

The World's Fair Period in St. Louis. This epoch constitutes the crowning 
glory of the city's history to date and has a tremendous significance as bearing 
Photo in heading; Laclede, Founder of St. Louis; Union Station. 

24.S 






244 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




LANDING OF LACLEDE ON THE SITE OF ST. LOUIS. 



upon its future. The commanding position occupied by St. Louis, the entire 
adequateness of its preparation for the Fair, the vast extent of its municipal 
improvements, the consequent prestige gained in the world's eye, render this 
period singularly vital with meaning of St. Louis' future greatness as based 
upon results already attained. 1898 to 1904. 

With these seven logical divisions of the history of St. Louis kept in mind, 
the story of the city's 140 years of existence assumes a coherent completeness as 
convincing in its teaching of destiny as a Greek drama. The city was preor- 
dained to good fortune from the very day when Pierre Ligueste Laclede founded 
it as a trading post and predicted the greatness which it was to attain. There 
has been no permanent or inherent obstruction to the fulfillment of this pro- 
phetic utterance. 

The little band of Frenchmen who, under Laclede and 
Chouteau, built the primitive cabins that constituted the 
material St. Louis of 1764, were adventurous and enterprising 
souls. They represented, indeed, the stanchest blood that 
France has ever sent out for colonizing achievement. The 
genuine pioneer spirit animated them, a spirit vital with the 
instinct for exploration, steadfast to overcome difficulties and 
endure hardships, keen to benefit from the results of their 
labors and sufferings in a new country. They were not only 
venturesome pathfinders in this virgin land, but shrewd 
traders as well, driving close bargains and possessed of a 
distinct and superior talent for commerce. Thrifty and in- 
dustrious, these Frenchmen and their families laid a sound 
foundation for the St. Louis of to-day. 
This foundation finds its bed-rock substance in the fur trade then so profit- 
ably followed along the western frontiers of the white man's progress across the 
continent. The early fur trade of the American west offered powerful induce- 
ments to enterprising souls. The skins taken from the wild animals of prairie, 
mountain and river valley were more easily convertible into money than was 
any other commodity. They were almost the sole article of export, the tobacco 
of the older settlements alone, perhaps, equaling them in commercial importance 
from this point of view. They furnished the material for the clothing worn by 




ST. T.OUIS. 



245 



SOME BUILDINGS OF ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY, 




SCHOOL OI' 
DIVINITY. 



MARION-Sms 
UEAUMONT COLLEGE. 



a large proportion of 
the population, so that 
there was a strong do- 
mestic demand. They 
could be purchased of 
the Indian hunters of 
suring a great profit, or 
individual skill and 
and rifle. To men with 
with executive and 
returns from this 
exceptionally sure, 
the western fur trade 
the commercial basis 



SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY. 



the west at figures in 
plentifully gained by 
proficiency with trap 
money at command and 
organizing genius, the 
trade were large and 
Therefore it was that 
of those days furnished 
upon which the S t . 
half of the eighteenth 



Louis of the latter 

century stood and prospered. Under the healthful stimulus of this" tra"de 
he httle settlement of French folk-French always, and leaving the impress of 
their nationality upon St. Louis in stubborn disregard of the one-time fact of 
Spanish sovereignty over the entire territory-grew steadily in numbers and 
consequence. French hunters and trappers pushed farther and farther into the 
west and northwest, returning to St. Louis once each year with the furs of their 
own securing, or those obtained from the Indians in barter. French boatmen 
voyaged the Mississippi river with shipments of furs consigned by the Chouteaus 
and other great traders to New Orleans. Within the settlement itself there was 
a steady improvement of conditions. Bigger warehouses were built, stores be- 
came more numerous, more pretentious residences took the place of the rude 
cabins of earlier days, the life of the little community widened and assumed an 
attractiveness impossible to the virgin colony that had followed Laclede ana 



246 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI 




DOWN TOWN IN ST. LOUIS, OLIVE STREET AT BROADWAY. 



Chouteau to the founding of St. Louis. This growth of the town as a French 
settlement was so continuous and healthful as to contain proof, even at that 
early stage of St. Louis' history, of the natural advantages operating for the 
future greatness of the city. 

But there was to be little more than a generation of what may be called the 
distinctively French shaping of St. Louis' destiny. With the purchase of the 
Louisiana Territory from France by the United States in 1803, began the Amer- 
icanization of St. Louis. It is true that the influence of the original French 
settlers was potent for some years thereafter, but it is equally true that by sure 
degrees the Anglo-Saxon element grew stronger and stronger until finally it be- 
came the dominant force, and St. Louis was French in name only. 

Exactly as France had contributed her sturdiest pioneer blood to the found- 
ing of St. Louis, so did this encroaching element represent the best Anglo-Saxon 

stock that the world 
has ever seen. From 
Virginia, from Ten- 
nessee, and from the 
two Carolinas came 
the Americans who 
succeeded the French 
as the dominant fac- 
tors in shaping local 
history. A little later 
they were followed 
by stanch men and 
women from New 
England, and the 
combination militat- 
ed to produce a sing- 
ularly masterful 
force. In almost ev- 
ST. JOHN'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH, ST. LOUIS. ery instance the new 




ST. LOUIS. 



247 




KXCUBSION BOAT ON THE MISSISSIPPI KIVER. 



citizens of St. Louis stood for tlie best of the older communities wlience they 
came. In many instances they were people of exceptional education and gentle 
breeding. They had shared to the full the advantages of that republican free- 
dom which their immediate ancestors had won from England as the result of the 
American revolution. They were vital with the splendid stimulus of popular 
liberty and democratic institutions and form of government. As had been their 
French predecessors, they were alert in commerce, and they possessed superior 
constructive and administrative talent. When the era of the Americanization 
of St. Louis dawned in 1803, the town had a population of something less than 
1,000 souls. When it reached its noonday of completed achievement in 1835, 
allowing one generation of time for this achievement, St. Louis had a popula- 
tion of over 8,000, and five years later this was doubled. The first public school 
had been established, the first waterworks put in operation, the first banking 
institution incorporated; and St. Louis itself became a corporate city during this 
period. During the greater part of the distinctively French era the city limits 
never extended beyond Biddle street on the north, Seventh street on the west, 
and Cerre street on the south, the Mississippi river, of course, being the eastern 
boundary. In 1822, when American influence was making itself felt, the city 
limits were extended to Ashley street on the north and to Convent and Labbadie 
streets on the siouth. In 1839 and in 1841 the limits were again extended, the 
latter increase of territ- ry giving the little city a total area of 2,630 acres. It 
was during the transit. on period, when St. Louis was slowly changing from 
French to American, that the early French names of the streets were abandoned 
and English substituted. By 1835, at the latest, the change was superficially 
complete, though the French still remained important factors in the city's de- 
velopment. But the subordination of French to American influence had been 
in marked evidence since the city's incorporation and the election, in 1822, of 
William Carr Lane, as the first mayor of St. Louis. The early French settlers 
and their sons had performed their part in fulfilling the city's destiny. It had 
been a most worthy and beneficent performance of pioneer duty. It had been 
followed by a singularly aggressive and forceful American administration, thus 
making the history of St. Louis during its first half-century or more a fine illus- 
tration of the best results possible to the best endeavor of two of the most vigor- 
ous breeds of men the world has ever known. 



248 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




When the steamboat "Pike," commanded by Captain Jacob Reed, made a 
landing at the foot of Market street on August 2, 1815, being the first steamboat 
to reach St. Louis, a prophetic vision would have caused the people of the city 
to indulge in general rejoicing and especial thanksgiving. For in reality the 
"Pike" was the herald of a traffic that secured and long maintained for St. Louis 
that control of the trade of the Mississippi valley which first placed the city in 
the front rank of American municipalities. It is true that the development of 
steamboating was not at first notable, it being four year's after the "Pike's" 
arrival that the first steamboat to ascend the Missouri, the "Independence," left 
her St. Louis landing, but it was a steady growth and, finally, the steamboat 
traffic to and from St. Louis assumed vast proportions. Its golden age may, 
perhaps, be stated as extending from 1845 to 1875, a period of thirty years, dur- 
ing which time it accomplished marvelous things for St. Louis. The commerce 
of the city flourished and its trade territory widened to an amazing extent. The 
river front was one of the famous American scenes of the times, the St. Louis 
levee being lined with steamboats, three or four deep, receiving and discharging 
cargoes. The commission houses doing a southern supply business became 
great and wealthy. The up-river trade was also tremendously profitable and en- 
riched many St. Louis concerns. The influence of St. Louis as a great supply 
and distributing point, as well as the chief market for the sale of Mississippi 
valley products, was then fully recognized and her prestige permanently estab- 
lished. During this period the Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis was organized, 
in 1836, and came to be recognized as one of the most important American com- 
mercial bodies. But it was while the river traffic was at its height, and with 
twenty-five prosperous years still ahead of it, that ground was broken for the 
Pacific railroad, the first railway system extending west of St. Louis. From 
that year, 1851, until the present time, the development of St. Louis as a railway 
center was so steady, consistent and healthy that the city now stands among 
the first in the Union in the extent of its shipping and passenger traffic facilities. 
The river trade took a secondary place about 1875, but there is little doubt that 
its revival will constitute one of the inevitable developments of the not remote 
future. It exerted a powerful influence over the upbuilding of St. Louis, and 



ST. LOUIS. 



249 



the great figures of its history should be held in appreciative remembrance by 
the city which they served with signal distinction. In 1860, when the Civil War 
became imminent, the steamboat traffic of St. Louis probably had attained its 
fullest volume, and the city's popula- 
tion had reached a total of 160,773. 
At the very close of the steamboat era, 
the Eads Bridge across the river was 
finished and opened for traffic, and the 
original St. Louis union depot was es- 
tablished. These two events graphi- 
cally indicated the truth that the rail- 
way had supplanted the steamboat for 
the further development of St. Louis 
as the greatest inland commercial city 
of the United States. 

The Civil War benefited St. Louis 
trade in a sense, but those business 
houses employed in supplying the 
south with needed products suffered 
severely. The trade stimulus of the 
war period came from government con- 
tracts for army supplies, and was of a 
feverish character, experiencing a re- 
action after the Civil War closed, 
which caused a marked depression un- 
til the city once more renewed its 
legitimate trade connections and again 
moved forward in the paths of its log- 
ical destiny. Then, too, the naturally 
disturbed state of the popular mind 
had its inevitable effect in checking 
trade progress. The situation in St. 
Louis at the outbreak of the Civil War 
was remarkable. The city boasted a daviu k. fkaacis, pkesh.e.nt Louisiana purchasi: exposition. 

blended population, potent for commercial and civic development, but differ- 
ing radically on the issues of the Civil War. In the course of years, Kentucky had 
joined Virginia, Tennessee and the Carolinas in contributing to the influx of 

strong blood for the city's upbuild- 
ing. There had been a heavy acces- 
sion of Germans, due to national 
discontent culminating in the revo- 
lution of 1848 in Germany, and re- 
sulting in the emigration of Ger- 
mans by thousands These people 
were thrifty, home-making people, 
commercially acute to a marked de- 
gree, and of admirable citizenship 
material. The increase of Irish cit- 
'zens was also notable, constituting 
an element that has lent its best ef- 
fort to the service of St. Louis. The 
New England contingent had been 
materially strengthened, an enter- 
prising, resolute and valuable com- 
ponent part of tlie local population. 
Widely speaking, the alignment 
of the several elements on Civil 
WALTER B. STEVENh, SECRETARY, War issues placed the Southerners, 
LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION. the French and the Irish in the cat- 






WM. H. THOMPSON, 
LOUISIANA PURCHASE 



TREASURER, 
EXPOSITION. 



250 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




THE WHOLESALE BUSINESS OF ST. LOUIS— SALES FOR 1903. 



egory of Confederate sympathizers, with the New Englauders and the Germans as 
Unionists in opposition to them. Missouri itself was southern in sentiment, but 
the federal government was so quick to recognize the crucial importance of the 
situation in St. Louis, and so prompt to support the New England and German 
local effort against the movement to carry Missouri out of the Union, that.it was 
successful in holding this great border State in line, although the Missouri con- 
tribution to the Confederacy was notable in extent and quality. The besit blood 
of the State so divided, however, was enlisted under both flags, brother against 
brother, and it took years to allay the resultant bitterness of spirit. During the 
Civil War period, St. Louis was a very hotbed of political intrigue, with Unionists 
and Confederate sympathizers in daily antagonism at close range, and its inti- 
mate history is peculiarly colorful and romantic in consequence. St. Louis lives 
in the larger annals of the time as the American city which held its State in 
the Union against the will of the majority of the people in that State. 

The same feverish commercial activity that had prevailed in St. Louis under 
the stimulus of war contracts, marked the first few years following the close of 
the war. It was followed, however, by the inevitable reaction, and this period 
of reaction is notable as constituting the only era of non-progression known in 
the history of St. Louis. It was as if the city, torn and bleeding from war's rude 
grasp, had sunk breathless into a temporary stupor, too wearied to resume the 
normal activities necessary to its advancement in the avocations of peace. 

But this was only temporary, as stated, and in 1878 St. Louis once more be- 
gan to assert its influence as the leading interior city of the Union. This re- 
vival of energy and commercial enterprise has been mistakenly described as "the 
birth of the New St. Louis." Such a characterization is a grievous error. The 
"New St. Louis" had but one birthday, and that was in 1764, when Auguste Chou- 
teau, with thirty Frenchmen at his back, landed at the foot of what is now Wal- 
nut street and, acting under Laclede's orders, founded the new settlement which 
Laclede christened St. Louis. At that time Laclede himself foresaw and pre- 
dicted the greatness of St. Louis and the city moved straight onward to its des- 



ST. LOUIS. 



2.51 




**•, 



^'^*J 



BUILDING THE ST. LOUIS, COLOKAUO AND KANSAS CITY 
EAILEOAD. 



tiny. Its progress was checked by the Civil War, but when, in 1878, its masterful 
business men once more regained their aggressive and compelling spirit, the city 
again moved forward along its appointed course. It was the Old St. Louis re- 
asserting itself and advancing to its preordained greatness. At this time the 

population of the city 

^ was close to $350,000. 

But this resumption 
of St. Louis' progress 
in the path of destiny 
was equivalent to a new 
birth. It began about 
1878. In 187 6 the 
scheme and charter 
were adopted, making 
St. Louis an independ- 
ent city without either 
county government or 
taxation. In 1878 the 
first Veiled Prophet's 
pageant was held, to be 
repeated annually there- 
after, drawing vast 
crowds to St. Louis. In 
1881 the Mercantile and 
Commercial clubs were 
organized, each intend- 
ed to further the city's 
business interests. In 1882 the Cotton Exchange building was opened, the Expo- 
sition building was begun, the first extensive street illuminations, as a feature 
of the fall festivities, were seen, and the successful movement for the paving of 
the down-town streets with granite was begun. In 1884 the first Exposition was 
held, being the beginning of the most successful permanent exposition known in 
American history. In this year also the local movement for rapid transit street 
railway facilities was inaugurated, culminating ultimately in securing for St. 
Louis what is confessedly the most perfect, complete and comprehensive electric 
street railway service in this country. Indeed, the record of the period from 
1878 to the present time in St. Louis is a marvelous record of the modernizing 
of a city. It is a record made by young men, the indomitable generation that 
has come to the front 
since the Civil War 
period. They were 
the inheritors o f 
splendid opportuni- 
ties and they have 
rendered a splendid 
accounting of their 
inheritance. Mention 
has just been made 
of some of their 
achievements, bring- 
ing the record up to 
1884. Here are other 
notable instances of 
the progress accom- 
plished: 

In 1885, with the 
breaking of ground 

for the first great fire-proof office building in St. Louis, began the "sky-scraper" 
era of architectural construction which has transformed the physical appearance 




MISSOURI PACIFIC DEPOT, JEFFERSON BARRACKS. 



252 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



of the business section of St. Louis. Lofty buildings succeeded one another with 
an almost bewildering rapidity. Local capital, reinforced by outside invest- 
ments attracted equally to the industrial and commercial fields in St. Louis, 
found that these fire-proof "sky-scraper" office buildings made most profitable 
returns on an exceptionally safe employment of money. They were filled with 
occupants as soon as com- 
pleted, and there was still a 



•THE RELATIVE MANUrACTURING- 
■ IMPORTANCE orTtiC fC:'U15GT?EAT 
•CITIEOOrTiiE UHITCDOTATPOV 



BY THE LAST CENSUS 



i MEW ^■c'^^\ es 

S- CHICA&O 

3 PHILADELPHIA 

4 iAlHT uooie. 



3 1,317,295396 



H 8 88,9+.'5,3l 1 



—"■""' I 603,466,626 



3 233,629,733 



demand for more. Coinci- 
dently, there was a marked 
increase in the number of 
large industrial plants estab- 
lished in St. Louis. There 
was also a vast increase in 
the capitalization and in- 
fluence of local banks, and 
the organization of trust com- 
panies was an accompanying 
feature of the time. In addi- 
tion, and as a singularly 

helpful force, the development of St. Louis as a great railway center went for- 
ward with giant strides. In 1886 the first cable street railway was put in opera- 
tion, the Union Depot Company was formed and a memorable period of activity 
in building associations was begun. In 1887 the city streets were first sprinkled 
by municipal contract, a charter was obtained for a second bridge, the Mer- 
chants, across the Mississippi, and St. Louis was made a central reserve city 
for the national banks of other cities. In 1888 work was begun on the new 
waterworks, having a capacity of 100,000,000 gallons daily, and a movement 
was begun to build freight depots on this side of the river for eastern roads. 
In 1889 the Merchants bridge across the Mississippi was constructed, the first 
electric street cars were operated and the largest electric arc-light works in the 
world were constructed in St. Louis. In 1890 the Merchants bridge was opened 
for traffic, the foundation-stone of the new city hall was laid, and the city 
streets and alleys were lighted by electricity. In 1891 the first county electric 

road was built, the new 

Mercantile Club building 
was commenced, the St. 
Louis Traffic Commis- 
sion was organized, work 
was commenced on the 
new union station (pho- 
tograph in chapter head- 
ing), and the Autumnal 
Festivities Association was 
formed, with more than 
$500,000 subscribed to 
its support in advancing 
the interests of St. Louis. 
In 1892 work was begun 
on I h e new Planters' 
Hotel, to cost $2,000,000.00, 
Congress was induced to 
appropriate $16,000,000 for 
the improvement of the 
Mississippi river, the firsit 
postal street railroad car 
to be run in the United 
States was operated over a 



XRU/SKS 



GLASS /».ND 
C1.A5SWARE 



COHFCC-riOMERV 



PROOUCX.S 



FOUMORY <S MACMIME 
5HOP PRoov^c-rS 



BOOKS /M-(0 O-Tt^^f^ 
P«J Bt-lC/VTION 3 



VEHlCl_E.S 



DRUGS. CMEIVMCALS, 

PA^it~iTS , S> OII_S 



F URN ITURE. 



B^EFe- 



"TO BACCO 



COMPARISON OF ST. LOUIS MANUFACTURES. 

St. Louis electric road, new buildings with a total frontage of 39 miles were 
erected, the grand Columbian street illumination took place and the Smoke 



ST. LOUIS. 



253 




MISSISSIPPI RIVER SCENE AT ST. LOUIS. 

Abatement Association was formed. In 1893 the electric street car system was 
completed, prosecutions under the smoke-abatement ordinance were instituted, 
St. Louis gained the title of the "solid city" because none of its banks or busi- 
ness houses failed in the panic of this year, St. Louis city four-per-cent renewal 
bonds were placed in London at par, and the St. Louis union station, the 
largest in the world, was completed. Thus, approaching now the World's Fair 
period in St. Louis' history, the city swiftly and steadily progressed, distancing 
all competitors and, under its destiny, plainly preparing itself adequately to 
meet the international expectation in 1904. The five years intervening between 
1893 and 1898, when the movement for the Louisiana Purchase Centennial Cel- 
ebration began, were years of marked progress, bringing the city to the most 
important stage of its history. 

But, before entering upon a consideration of the World's Fair period, it 
will be well to make a brief study of other than the material aspect of the 
city. The character of a community is more accurately to be estimated by the 
character of its people than by the mere extent of its commercial and industrial 
enterprise and the totals of its wealth in dollars and cents. This character is 
best revealed by the community's development along the higher levels of life. 

The religious phase of St. Louis' history is found in a record of steady 
growth in the number of churches which places St. Louis in the foremost rank 
of American cities in this essential requirement. There are more than 300 
churches in St. Louis, many of them among the most imposing in the United 
States. The congregations and parishes are large, zealous and potently help- 
ful in general as well as special fields of good work. Catholics and Protestants 
stand shoulder to shoulder in many movements for the public welfare. Some 
of the most distinguished divines in this country are members of the local 
clergy and the average of ability is exceptionally high. Among the more 
famous churches are the old Catholic Cathedral, on Walnut street, between 
Second and Third streets; the Episcopal Cathedral (Christ church) on Thir- 
teenth and Locust streets; the Pilgrim Congregational, Washington and Ewing; 
the First Presbyterian church, on Washington avenue and Sarah street; the 
Centenary Methodist church, on Sixteenth and Pine; the Second Presbyterian 
church, Taylor avenue and Westminster Place; the Second Baptist church, on 



254 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Locust and Beaumont; the Rock church (St. Alphonsus), on Grand and Finney 
avenues; The Episcopal church of St. Mark's; the Jewish congregations of the 
United Hebrew, Temple Israel and Shaare Emeth, and the Church of the Mes- 
siah (Unitarian). This is but a brief mention, however, and is not intended to 
ignore the claims of other local churches to deserved distinction. Of late 
years the trend of the churches has been to the westward section of the city, 
but the old northern and southern religious landmarks still stand in active serv- 
ice and the central and down-town sections are provided for by missions and 
chapels. Among the local charitable organizations the St. Louis Provident Asso- 
ciation, the St. Vincent de Paul Society and the Associated Hebrew Charities 
are the most prominent. St. Louis is exceptionally well supplied with hospitals, 
both public and private, and the new city hospital, built on the approved modern 
separate pavilion plan, is now almost completed. 

Of the educational institutions of St. Louis it is impossible to treat in 
such detail as they deserve. The local public school system is confessedly one 
of the best in the Union, and a non-partisan school board admirably administers 
its affairs along the most advanced educational lines. The Washington Univer- 
sity, one of the leading institutions of learning in this country, is now admirably 
equipped for its high work. Its new buildings, used by the World's Fair Com- 
pany as administration headquarters, but now reverting to the University, are 

singularly beautiful, 
commodious and correct 
in their adaptation to 
University needs. 
Among the effective 
branches of Washing- 
ton University are the 
St. Louis Medical 
School, the St. Louis 
Law School, the School 
of Botany, the Manual 
Training School, the 
Mary Institute, for 
girls, the School of 




Fine Arts 
Washington 
tory. The 
University 



and the 

Observa- 

St. Louis 

(Catholic) 



has been identified with 
local history for more 
than seventy years and 
has done teaching of 
the highest order. The 
Christian Brothers Col- 
lege was established in 
St. Louis over fifty 
years ago and has been 
a potent educational 
factor. The Catholic 
parochial schools are 
numerous and excellent 
and there are many pri- 
vate schools admirably 
equipped and managed. 
The leading libraries in 
St. Louis are the Mer- 
cantile, now over fifty years old, the public library, made a free library in 1894, 
and with a history covering thirty-five years, the St. Louis Law Library, an old 
and well sustained institution, and the Book-Lovers' Library, but recently estab- 



ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BELOW ST. LOUIS — RIVER AND RAIL. 



ST. LOUIS. 



255 




ON A ST. LOUJs COUAii POULTRY FARM. 



lished. The local libraries are famous for efficiency and completeness and com- 
pare favorably with those of eastern cities. 

Mr. Carnegie has been so impressed with the public library system of St. 
Louis that he has given one million dollars to the purpose of bringing the 
advantages of this library nearer the people. Half of this amount is to be 
spent in erecting a building on a site covering half a block, which has been 
obtained by the library 
through the city, and the 
other half is to be spent in 
establishing branch libra- 
ries in different parts of 
the city. 

The parks of St. Louis 
are beautiful, spacious and 
well- maintained. The 
largest, Forest Park, con- 
tains 1,371 acres, and fur- 
nishes a large part of the 
World's Fair site. Tower 
Grove Park, comprising 
266 acres, is renowned for 

its beauty and for the magnificent statues adorning it. It adjoins the Missouri 
Botanical Gardens, the most famous of their kind in this country, which were 
presented to the city by the late Henry Shaw. Among the remaining city parks 
are the Lafayette, the O'Fallon and the Carondelet Parks, but there are many 
smaller public playgrounds of much attractiveness. A great boulevard and 
driveway system, to cost many millions of dollars, is now under course of con- 
struction, and will, when completed, connect all the larger parks in one con- 
tinuous chain. 

The club life of St. Louis is active and widely varied in its scope. The St. 
Louis Club is the richest and best appointed in the city and has a magnificent 
home on Lindell boulevard just west of Grand avenue. The University Club 
appeals to lettered men and exercises a strong social influence. The Mercantile 
Club and the Noonday Club are more nearly representative of the city's commer- 
cial interests, and from them has sprung the Business Men's League, one of the 

most powerful commercial 
influence in this country 
and a pillar of strength for 
St. Louis. The Harmonie, 
the Union and the Lieder- 
kranz are among the local 
clubs that have lived and 
prospered on a basis of de- 
serving. 

Of theatres, St. Louis 
has many, with an excel- 
lent record of manage- 
ment. The Olympic, the 
Century, the Columbia, the 
Grand Opera House, the 
Imperial, Havlin's, the 
Crawford are among the 
number already well estab- 
lished, and the demands of 
the World's Fair have added materially to the list. This is true also of the 
hotels of St. Louis, which now compare favorably, in number and quality, with 
those of any other city in the United States. The musical development of St. 
Louis has been marked of late years, the Choral-Symphony Society being the 
leading musical organization. Reverting briefly to the distinctive educational 




ON THE MEKAMEC AT PACIFIC ON MISSOURI 

PACIFIC RAILWAY. 



256 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



institutions of St. Louis, it may be stated tliat tliis city is unsurpassed in the 
number and high standing of its medical colleges. Almost every known school 
of medicine is represented, and the work in this educational field is admirably 
done. The newspapers of St. Louis wield a national influence and are con- 
trolled by men of great enterprise and ability. The morning field is covered 
by the Globe-Democrat and Republic, with the St. Louis World as a newcomer, 
and the afternoon field by the Post-Dispatch, the Star and the Chronicle. The 
local German press comprises the Westliche Post, the Mississippi Blaetter and 
the Amerika. The magazine press is represented by the St. Louis Mirror, the 
Censor, and the Valley Magazine. The news service of the leading papers of 




AT PLANT or 



jriSSOUKI TIE AND TIMBER COMPANY, 
TRADE TERRITORY. 



GRANDIN, IN ST. LOUIS 



St. Louis is abreast of that of any in the world and their editorial utterances 
are recognized as potential to an unusual degree. In the field of journalistic 
enterprise they occupy a leading place. On the occasion of its twenty-fifth birth- 
day anniversary the Post-Dispatch recently broke the world's record by issuing 
a 160-page paper, the largest in the history of journalism. A salient character- 
istic of the local press is its devotion to St. Louis interests and zealous willing- 
ness to serve the city in every helpful way possible. This spirit has been finely 
manifested in co-operation with World's Fair work, and the newspapers of St. 
Louis deserve high praise for their service in this field. St. Louis also has many 
trade papers and publications devoted to special interests. 

What is destined to be known in St. Louis history as the World's Fair period 
began in 1898. In that year the first organized action was taken by the Mis- 
souri Historical Society in urging a celebration of the centennial anniversary 
the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France by the United States, con- 



ST. LOUIS. 



257 




MISSOURI GROWS 

MORE WHEAT THAN GREAT BRITAIN 




summated by the transfer of the territory on April 30, 1803. Governor Lon V. 
Stephens, of Missouri, called a convention of delegates from the twelve States 
and two territories included in the Louisiana Purchase to assemble in St. Louis 
on January 10, 1899. This convention was attended by 93 delegates and it was 
voted to hold the Lou- 
isiana Purchase Expo- 
sition in St. Louis. It 
was also decided that 
the United States Gov- 
ernment be invited to 
assist in this World's 
Fair celebration of the 
Louisiana Purchase 
centennial. The con- 
vention appointed a n 
executive committee, 
with David R. Francis 
as chairman, and this 
body appointed a com- 
mittee of fifty promi- 
nent citizens to co-op- 
erate in the movement. 
It was decided that the 
amount to be raised to 
defray the cost of the 

making of the World's Fair should be placed at $15,000,000, the exact sum paid 
to France by the United States for the Louisiana Territory. Of this amount, 
one-third was to be raised by private subscription, one-third by the city of St. 
Louis and one-third was to come from the Federal Government. The World's 
Fair Executive Committee was increased to 200. On June 4, 1900, the National 
Congress passed a bill providing for a national appropriation of $5,000,000 on 
condition that the sum of $10,000,000 was raised in St. Louis. The local popular 
subscription of $5,000,000 was completed January 12, 1901. On January 30, 1901, 
the Municipal Assembly of St. Louis passed an ordinance authorizing the issu- 
ing of $5,000,000 in city bonds for World's Fair use. Whereupon the National 
House of Representatives, on February 9, 1901, and the United States Senate on 
March 3, 1901, passed the bill appropriating from the National Treasury, for the 

World's Fair, the sum of $5,000,- 
000, and this bill was signed im- 
mediately by the late President 
McKinley. On March 12, 1901, 
President McKinley appointed a 
World's Fair National Commis- 
sion of nine members. On Au- 
gust 20, 1901, he formally in- 
vited all foreign nations to par- 
ticipate in the World's Fair. 
Congress later appropriated 
$1,500,000 for a Government ex- 
hibit at the World's Fair, and 
the State of Missouri appropri- 
ated $1,000,000 for a State ex- 
hibit. Many other states came 
Size of J?U€ rage jTZiSSOurz /arm. rapidly into line, and it was 
"^ soon made certain that a total 

of $50,000,000 would be expended for the World's Fair commemorating the cen- 
tennial anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase. This outline-sketch of the 
World's Fair movement up to a .^rtain point is necessary to a proper considera- 
tion of St. Louis history during the World's Fair period. 

Mo.—TI ,_ ^ , ^ .; 



/20 Jlcre^. 



258 THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

St. Louis enters upon this period as the fourth city in population in the 
United States, having a population of 700,000. It covers an area of 62 1-2 square 
miles. It has 20 miles of river frontage. Over 8,000 factories testify to its 
importance as an industrial center. It takes rank as the fourth manufacturing 
city in the world. It has two great bridges, the Eads and the Merchants, span- 
ning the Mississippi river. It is the terminal point of 24 railway lines. It has 
the largest railway union station in the world. Within 500 miles of St. Louis 
there is a population of 37,000,000, and there are 80,000 miles of railroads. It 
has one of the most beautiful residence sections in the world. It is construct- 
ing a boulevard, driveway and viaduct system that will be without an equal in 
the world. It leads the world in the manufacture of boots and shoes, as a pri- 
mary fur market, in the manufacture of tobacco, as a great hardware distribut- 
ing point, and in many other important lines of commerce and manufacture. 
Its banks and other financial institutions are renowned for stability and con- 
fessedly among the solidest in the Union. It is financially independent of New 
York City, the money center of this country, and at times its banks loan money 




A MISSISSIPPI RIVEB STEAMBOAT. 

in New York on New York security. It has the largest legitimate trade terri- 
tory of any city in the world and is steadily increasing that territory. Its credit, 
both in the United States and in foreign money markets, is unsurpassed by that 
of any other city in the world. Its citizens pay the lowest tax-rate of any city 
in the Union. It is one of the healthiest cities on this continent, its annual 
death-rate being among the lowest of all the great American municipalities. In 
the extent of its municipal- improvements, tremendously stimulated by the 
World's Fair, it is not surpassed by any other American city. Its water-supply, 
drawn from the Mississippi river, is pure and healthful. Its sewerage system 
is acknowledged by experts to be among the finest in the world. Its street rail- 
way rapid-transit service is unequalled in this country or Europe. As a great 
railroad center it has no American superior. In the matter of hotel accommo- 
dations, again thanks to the World's Fair, it stands comparison with any other 
city in the world. It has the most beautiful suburbs and surrounding country 
of any American city. Its importance as a great central supply and distributing 
point has just received official proof in its elevation to the dignity of an army 
headquarters post by the United States government. 



ST. LOUIS. 



259 



The one foremost logical deduction to be drawn from the foregoing facts 
is that the destinies of St. Louis are just now in strong hands. The men who 
in comparatively a few years have brought St. Louis to a position so command- 
ing must of necessity be exceptionally forceful and compelling men. The only 
way to judge the ability of men of action is by results. Upon this basis of 
judgment the present generation of St. Louis men of affairs is far above the 
average in masterful competency. It is these men, also, who have made the 
World's Fair. They brought to its making the same energy, enterprise and prac- 
tical common-sense which had been so effectively exerted for their own success 
in life and which accounted for the high station held by St. Louis at the dawn- 
ing of the World's Fair 
period. Led by David R. 
Francis, pre-eminently the 
type of their cla&.<s in this gen- 
eration, these St. Louis build- 
ers of the World's Fair of 
1904 have astonished the 
world by the quantity and 
quality of their work. It is 
one of the few instances in 
the history of such enter- 
prises where the opportunity 
and the responsibility were 
perceived and accepted by 
men entirely capable of im- 
proving the one and account- 
ing for the other with the 
highest possible credit t o 
themselves. 

The making of the 
World'si Fair and the safe 
placing of St. Louis in a com- 
manding position among 
American cities, however, 
were but the larger part of 
the work done by these typi- 
cal St. Louisans of the present day. Coincident with St. Louis' preparation for 
the World's Fair proper arose the great task of so improving the city itself that 
it should be eminently worthy of the World's Fair. The greatest part of this 
task naturally devolved upon a municipal administration which, fortunately, 
had been placed in control of the city's affairs more largely upon the issues 
created by the World's Fair than upon issues of a political nature. It was a 
business administration, its first business being to beautify St. Louis for the 
World's Fair period and thereafter. The men elected to direct the city's affairs 
throughout this period were, like those placed in important World's Fair posi- 
tions, finely representative of the best local type — the St. Louisan who does 
things. They have faithfully devoted their utmost endeavor to a satisfactory 




THE ONLY TUNNEL ON THE MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS BAIL- 
W^AY, AT ROCHEPOBT, BOONE COUNTY. 




MISSOURI FARM SCENE IN ST. LOUIS TRADE TERRITORY. 



260 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



performance of the task imposed upon them and they have succeeded beyond 
expectation. 

Perhaps the greatest worli of municipal improvement undertaken for the 
World's Fair period is that of so additionally purifying the city's water supply 
as to place it absolutely beyond suspicion on the score of healthfulness and 
attractiveness of aspect. This is being done by means of a great system of con- 
nected reservoirs and weirs at the Chain of Rocks, north of St. Louis on the 
Mississippi river, where about $700,000 of the water department's reserve fund is 
being expended. The basic idea of the plan is the purification of the water sup- 
ply by settling. The water is to be admitted to an entrance chamber from a 
low-service conduit and flow from the chamber over a weir 610 feet long, with a 
three-foot drop, into a basin 400 feet wide by 670 long. 
From the surface of this basin the water then flows 
over the next weir, falling six inches into the next 
basin and passing to the next weir, falling 
one foot into the next basin. The next 
fall is six inches, the next one 
f'^o^'. and so on through the series 




A NEW DEPOT ON THE MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD AT BOONVILLE. 



of eight, the water falling ten and one-half feet in all from the entrance chamber 
to the service pipes. The six-inch falls are at weirs which are seven feet wide 
and the one-foot falls occur during the passage of weirs forty feet wide. The 
water flows over these weirs in a thin continuous sheet. There are to be no 
turbid masses pouring great volumes of mud from basin to basin; the transfer 
from one reservoir, while constant, will be wholly lacking in agitation. The 
process amounts to the continuous skimming of the clearest water from the top 
of each basin. From 48 to 60 hours will be the time of the water's transfer 
from the entrance chamber to the service pipes, and in this period 95 per cent 
of the foreign matter contained in the water will be precipitated. 

Second to this work for the further purification of the city's water supply 
only because healthfulness must come before beauty is the movement for the 
permanent improvement of King's Highway into a boulevard and driveway sys- 
tem of surpassing utility and attractiveness. It is intended so to improve King's 
Highway that it shall give an unbroken connection from the Chain of Rocks 
on the north to Carondelet Park on the south, touching all the important city 
parks, the cemeteries and the Missouri Botanical Gardens in its course. A 
great viaduct system crossing the railway tracks in the south-central section is 
included in this movement, the viaduct itself, by reason of handsome architec- 
ture, ornamented with statuary, preserving the beauty of the boulevard of which 
it will be a part. The establishment of new parks along the line of this mag- 



ST. LOUIS. 



261 



nifjcent boulevard and driveway system will also be a feature of the accomplished 
task. This great movement, the result of a recommendation to the Municipal 
Assembly of St. Louis made by Mayor Wells in June, 1902, is being vigorously 
pushed to completion. In addition, many other large tasks of municipal im- 
provement are in process of performance and it is estimated that a total sum 
of $10,000,000 will be expended in order that St. Louis shall 
be brought up to the highest standard of modernity. 

The mainspring of a city's prosperity, of course, is its 
commerce. Pierre Laclede founded St. Louis where it is 
because, applying the rude rules which the pioneers had 
learned from their trafficking, he saw that the site would 
control commercially a vast territory. St. Louis, as it has 
grown through its one hundred and forty years of devel- 
opment has never lost any trade it has gained, but its in- 
fluence has yearly widened till it is felt now, in both buying 
and selling, in every State of the country. That part of the 
United States in which St. Louis does most business, the 
west, the south and the southwest, had more railway build- 
ing to its credit in 1903 than all the rest of the United 
States put together. These figures, indicating where the 
largest development of the country is going on, are in- 
teresting. The new mileage of the railways in the State, 
built during 1903 was as shown in the accompanying table. 

Of this total 5,652 miles, 3,103.70 was built in Utah, 
Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Indian Terri- 
tory, Texas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Iowa, Arkan- 
sas, Mississippi and Louisiana, the States and Territories 
where St. Louis sells most of its goods. Into this trade 
territory in 1903 St. Louis manufacturers and wholesale 
merchants sent thirteen million tons of merchandise and 
manufactured product, most of it things to eat and drink 
and wear and build houses. One million tons more 
were sent into this trade territory last year than the year 
before. To those who are accustomed to examining trade 
statistics these figures are an amazing proof of the great 
increase in the volume of business in St. Louis. 

The past of St. Louis has been rich in achievement. 
The future of St. Louis is bright with assured promise. The 
influence exerted by the World's Fair movement has been 
genuinely wholesome and filled with the soundest inspira- 
tion. It has stimulated the best minds of the city to their 
best endeavor. It has not aroused that unwise spirit which 
seeks present profit at a sacrifice of future prosperity and 
stability. There have been no "boom" tactics resorted to 
during the World's Fair period. The firmest characters of 
local citizenship have safeguarded the community against 
this peril, consequently there will be no depressing reaction 
following the close of the World's Fair. The great local 
banks have profited by the experience of other World's Fair 
cities, and, while offering every encouragement to legitimate enterprise, have 
been enabled to prevent the consummation of perilous projects from which the 
city would suffer later. Similarly, also, the real estate interests have properly 
discouraged an inflation of realty values that would mean demoralization in the 
end. The one aim of the leaders of local thought and action has been so to 
shape affairs that St. Louis should profit legitimately by the World's Fair to 
the fullest extent and yet remain secure against an ensuing depression and dis- 
turbance of proper values. 

As a result of the dominance of this wise counsel, the World's Fair gain 
of St. Louis is certain and vast in extent. The city has been favorably brought 



MILEAGE OF RA 


ILVVAVS 


BUILT IN 1903 


Alabama 


129.39 


Alaska 


10 


Arizona 


107.07 


Arkansas 


230.77 


California 


169.55 


Colorado 


89.07 


Connecticut 




Florida 


53-05 


Georgia 


133 


Illinois 


114.3 


Indiana 


43.32 


Indian Territory 


386.8 


Iowa 


229.2 


Kansas 




Kentucky 


69.45 


Louisiana 


389-63 


Maine 


6.5 


Maryland 


12.82 


Massachusetts 


2.37 


Michigan 


158.68 


Minnesota 


262.1 


Mississippi 


116. 4 


Missouri 


236.2 


Montana 


70.5 


Nebraska 




Nevada 


20 


New Jersey 


4.84 


New Mexico 


158 


New York 


33-83 


North Carolina 


94-5 


North Dakota 


130.57 


Ohio 


134.19 


Oklahoma 


660.6 


Oregon 


21.75 


Pennsylvania 


286.37 


Rhode Island 


3-4 


South Carolina 


34 


South Dakota 


15.56 


Tennessee 


114.9 


Texas 


361.26 


Utah 


186.16 


Vermont 


5-25 


Virginia 


27.42 


Washington 


III. 22 


West Virginia 


103 


Wisconsin 


125.48 


Total in the 5 


,652 


United States 





262 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



to the attention of the entire world. Its surpassing claims as a field for the 
profitable employment of capital are known in every great money center on 
the globe. The continent-sweep of its natural trade territory is vitally recog- 
nized. Its importance as one of the world's leading manufacturing cities is 
distinctly appreciated. The increase in population, due to the attracting of per- 
manent residents as a result of the World's Fair, will be great. The wholesome 
advance of real estate values is assured. The beautifying of the city as a pre- 
paration for the World's Fair constitutes a lasting gain of incalculable benefit. 
The stimulus to greater effort in the immediate future is an inevitable conse- 
quence of the new and prouder station now occupied by St. Louis. A spirit of 




WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, ST. LOUIS BUILDINGS NOW USED FOE WORLD'S 

FAIR PURPOSES. 

exceptional civic loyalty and acceptance of citizenship duties has been aroused. 
Good government of the municipality is more strenuously insisted upon than in 
the past. The elimination of politics as the deciding force in municipal elec- 
tions is viewed with greater favor. The World's Fair has created a cosmopo- 
litan atmosphere which counts for future greatness and dignity. The World's 
Fair advertising of St. Louis will be beneficently felt for many years to come. 
The first World's Fair city of the twentieth century holds the strongest position 
in the center of the world's stage. 

The local historian who closes his consideration of St. Louis and its history 
in the full fiush of the World's Fair period does not need to be a partisan to 
predict the brightest of futures for this city. St. Louis is but at the beginning 
of the most fruitful era of its existence. It has progressed logically to this 
point. It has made good its claims at every juncture. The World's Fair cele- 
brating the centennial anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase is but a natural 
sequence in the fulfillment of the destinies of St. Louis, the metropolis of the 
Louisiana Purchase Territory. The future greatness of the city is confirmed 
by its inexorable past progress along its appointed course. This is the soundest 
and sanest logic of the existing situation. St. Louis, the World's Fair city of 
1904, is now about to enter upon its fullest inheritance of well earned prosperity 
and international acclaim. 



HK^''fl 


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1 


Q 



SOME CIlII>LICOTHE SPECIMENS OF HORSEFLESH. 




KANSAS CITY, on its western border where the waters of the Kansas 
and Missouri rivers meet, is the second city in size and commercial 
importance in the State. It is the third city in size in the domain 
comprised in the Louisiana Purchase, and the largest city, except 
San Francisco, west of the World's Fair City. 
Kansas City is located on the south bank of the Missouri river and on the 
east bank of the Kansas river, at the confluence of the two. After nearly two 
thousand miles southward in its course, the Missouri river here turns abruptly 
and runs almost due east across the State. Within the city limits, the Kansas 
river, after a course nearly due east throughout its length, turns abruptly Horth, 
emptying into the Missouri immediately at the elbow of the big bend. The one 
brings its waters from Yellowstone Park, and by its tributaries from the Lara- 
mie mountains and Cheyenne, and by Denver from the foot of Pikes Peak; the 
other from eastern Colorado, much of the southern portion of Nebraska and all 
of the northern portion of Kansas, a water shed of immense proportions. These 
water courses are for miles outlined on one or the other of their banks by high 
hills, locally called bluffs, in some places precipitous and often over two hundred 
feet high. In this immediate region, it is seldom that the hills are found imme- 
diately on both banks of the river. The country on one side is usually level, ex- 
tending away from the river some distance, and in places a mile or more, to the 
hills or high plateau-like lands. In the acute angle formed by the junction of 
these rivers, the bluff is immediately next to the river only for a distance of 
about half of a mile along the north side of the city where the old town was 
built and where the steamboats had their landing. Elsewhere about the city the 
bluffs are some distance from the rivers. This gives a level flat tract in the 
western part of the city known as the west bottoms, through which the Kansas 
or Kaw river flows. In this region is located many railway tracks, yards and 
freight houses, also the union depot, large wholesale and manufacturing inter- 
ests, the stock yards, and the great packing houses. In the northeastern part of 
the city there is also a wide level section, several square miles in area, running 
out to the Missouri river. While this is also chiefly occupied by railways and 
manufacturing interests, it contains many homes of employes and one amuse- 
ment park of about ten acres. The greater portion of the city, many of the 
wholesale houses, all the retail district, the oiTice buildings, the financial 
institutions, the residences, churches and schools, in fact the city proper, is 
Photo in heading : Convention Hall. 

263 



264 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



ARMOUR 
BOULEVARD, 
LOOKING 
EAST FROJI 
MAIN ' 
STREET. 




PASEO, 
LOOKING 
SOUTH 
FROM 
TWELFTH. 
STREET. 



located upon the hills or bluffs stretching to the east and south five to seven 
miles. 

It was only the lowlands or bottoms that suffered from the flood of 1903, and 
city. State, and national authorities are now engaged on plans to prevent a repe- 
tition of the inundation. While the flood was severe and disastrous in loss of 
property, perhaps more destructive than any city other than Galveston ever suf- 
fered, it did not cause a tremor of financial fear, nor were the greatest sufferers 
in the least disheartened. All buildings and improvements contemplated before 
the flood were constructed as if it had never occurred. Many of the oldest and 
most prosperous firms have built new buildings or enlarged their old plants in 
the flood district since the disaster. This shows the utmost confidence, first in 
the belief that a like flood will never occur, and second, in the fact that the pre- 
cautionary measures now under consideration will be adequate to meet all emer- 
gencies should another deluge come down the valley of the Kaw. 

To write adequately the early history of Kansas City, would be to write the 
story of the development of all that country west of it, once known as the great 
plain, for the growth of Kansas City in population, its commercial and industrial 
expansion, and its financial prestige have been coincident and cotemporaneous 
with the settling and development of the vast region. 

In 1826, a branch of the American Fur Company was established by M. Chou- 
teau on the site of the present Kansas City. The Santa Fe trade began in 1831. 
In 1838 Kansas City, until then known as West Port Landing, received its name. 
It was, by the way, not named for the State of Kansas. It has a prior claim to 
the name it took from the Kansas river. In 1846 a public sale of lots stimulated 
the city's growth. The business of all the border ports was increased by the war 
with Mexico. On February 22, 1853, the City of Kansas was incorporated by the 
Missouri legislature. Commercial prosperity for the next decade was remark- 
able. In 1870 the city had 32,260 inhabitants, and every one bought and sold 
real estate. The boom burst, as all booms do, and many suffered financial loss, 
at least for a time. The city and its people have since adjusted themselves to 



KANSAS CITY. 



265 



W. A. RULE. 



W. J. SMITH. 




K. X. VA.NUUK.X. 



SOME KANSAS CITY RESIDENCES 



the new conditions and notwithstanding the individual misfortunes suffered in 
the "boom days" they gave form and shape to the city. Because of the activity 
of that time Kansas City is a city of homes, not concentrated and crowded but 
dispersed. The population grew each year. Manufacturing increased and — there 
is the Kansas city of to-day. 

Kansas City is the gateway to the west. Through Kansas City run the 
railways that traverse in every direction this mighty domain, in area greater 
than all of Europe outside of Russia, containing 60 per cent of the area of the 
United States, but only 14.7 per cent of its population. The greatest part of 
this area is comparatively undeveloped. The region from Manitoba to the Gulf 
of Mexico and from the mouth of the Kansas river to the Salt Lake basin is 
the newest of the United States and, in possibility, the richest. This is the 
trade territory of Kansas City geographically and by right of commercial con- 
quest. To the inhabitants of all this region she sells her wares and from them 
buys their products. To her markets are brought the cattle, the sheep and the 
hogs; and to her mills and elevators the wheat and corn and rye and barley and 
oats and rice from fifteen states and territories. 

Kansas City is situated on the thirty-ninth parallel of latitude. The Lake 
of the Woods on the northern border of the United States is on the forty-ninth 
parallel, ten degrees north. Galveston on the Gulf of Mexico near the twenty- 
ninth parallel is ten degrees south and an imaginary line drawn through the 
Lake of the Woods to Galveston, bisects Kansas City. She sits exactly midway 
between the northern and southern boundaries, and nearly midway throughout 
the greatest length of the United States from east to west. St. Louis is 240 
miles to the eastward. 

The magnitude of Kansas City's trade territory will be more fully realized 
when it is understood that it extends to the west over an area contained in a 



266 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



semi-circle drawn on a radius as great as the distance from Cincinnati to Kansas 
City, that is a radius of nearly six hundred miles. Not only does she purchase 
the products of the people of this area, and sell them her goods and wares, but 
she buys from and sells to the people outside of and beyond it. Her trade ter- 
ritory outside of this area to the east is Missouri and Iowa, to the south, Arkan- 
sas, Louisiana, Tennessee and the Gulf States; to the southwest, Arizona and 
New Mexico and the rest of Texas; to the west, Utah and to the northwest. 




NINTH STREET, EAST FROM WYANDOTTE. 



Montana and Wyoming. A statistician has recently calculated that her trade 
territory embraces 30.7 per cent of the area of the United States and contains 
17.67 per cent of the population, 12.95 per cent of the assessed wealth, 35.16 per 
cent of the horses and mules, 39.5 per cent of the cattle, 38.73 per cent of the 
hogs, 32.12 per cent of the sheep, and its usual wheat crop is 20.46 per cent, its 
corn 51.46 per cent, its oats 43.25 per cent and its railway mileage 28.82 per 
cent. 

The resources of her immediate trade territory are varied and exceptional. 
Describe about her a circle on a radius of 150 miles, a very limited area, and 
look at the situation, see how she is located with regard to other cities and 
examine the resources at her immediate command in this circumscribed area 
in which a merchant from the farthest point can reach the city within five hours, 
or from it receive a shipment of goods within the same time. Within this 
circle described on a radius of 150 miles is located a total of 119 county seats, 
60 in Missouri, 39 in Kansas, 14 in Iowa and 6 in Nebraska. The total population 
within this area according to the census of 1900, is 2,836,474. In Missouri, 
1,579,863; in Kansas, 883,717; in Iowa, 252,708; in Nebraska, 120,186. 

In natural products this area contains the great coal fields of Missouri, 
Iowa, and Kansas, elsewhere described in this article; the world famed zinc and 
lead district known as the Joplin region which is third largest mining camp in 
annual value of product in the United States; the clay and shales of Missouri 
and Kansas from which brick, terra cotta, tile, sewer pipe and pottery are 
made; the granite, limestone and litholite of Missouri and cement rock of Kan- 
sas, all supporting large industries; the lime of Ash Grove, Missouri, and Fort 
Scott, Kansas; the rich lumber region of the Ozarks, and the wonderful oil and 
gas region of Kansas. The agricultural wealth contained within the limited area 



KANSAS CITY. 



267 



of the circle outlined above, all within one hundred and fifty miles of Kansas 
City, is beyond the conception of one who has not actually lived amid it. 

In this area there were in 1900, over three hundred thousand farms, the land 
and improvements of which, other than buildings were valued at more than 
nine hundred and ninety-one million dollars. The buildings on these farms were 
valued at nearly two hundred million dollars. The farms, together with all 
improvements and buildings, were worth the enormous sum of one billion, one 
hundred and ninety million dollars. The average value of each farm was nearly 
four thousand dollars. The wealth of Such a region as this is the reason of 
Kansas City's commercial prosperity, and this is only the inner circle of its vast 
trade territory; to the northwest, the west and southwest, it stretches beyond 
this half a thousand miles. 

Kansas City's government is administered under charter voted 1889, which 
superseded all laws of the State then enforced pertaining to cities of more than 




ON TUE PASEO — LOOKING NORTH FROM SEVENTEENTH STREET. 



100,000 inhabitants. The debt-making capacity of the city is carefully restricted 
by the charter; practically no debt can be incurred except by the issue of bonds; 
no bonds can be issued unless favored by two-thirds of the voters at a special 
election. In no event can bonded indebtedness exceed 5 per cent of the value of 
the taxable property, except that the waterworks purchase bonds amounting 
to $2,902,000, are not included for the purpose of such calculation. The total 
bonded indebtedness including the waterworks purchase bonds, and less the 
cash in sinking fund was on January 1, 1904, $3,116,740.44. There has been a 
gain in assessed valuation of taxed property in the last three years of over 
$10,700,000, and a gain of 250 per cent in the last 20 years. During this time 
tax levy has been reduced from 16 mills to 12 1-2 mills on the dollar. The 



268 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



assessed valuation at present is $93,541,808. At the special election in September, 
1903, the voters authoi'ized the issue of public improvement bonds as follows: 
Waterworks, $1,100,000; fire department, $100,000; hospital, $225,000; market 
house, $250,000; beautifying parks, $500,000. The financial credit of Kansas City 




LI^'WOOD BOULEVABD. 



is unsurpassed. Of the bonds so voted, $500,000 of the waterworks bonds have 
been sold at a good premium. The issue of the bonds by the hospital and a por- 
tion of the park bonds have been authorized by the council. The other bonds 
will be issued as occasion may require. A non-partisan commission composed 
of representatives selected by a civic, professional and commercial organization 
assists the municipal government in wisely and economically appropriating the 
fund arising from the sale of the bonds. 

The city owns its waterworks system. Its fire department has an interna- 
tional reputation for efficiency. In lieu of all taxes, the Street Railway Company 
pays the city nearly 8 per cent of its gross receipts, less State and county taxes. 
The Gas Company can not charge more than $1.00 per thousand feet for gas, 
and pays into the city treasury 2 per cent of its gross earnings. The city has 
always been progressive in the improvement of its streets and the building of 
sewers. These have been paid for by special tax bills issued against the property 
benefited. Kansas City has nearly 200 miles of paved streets, mainly asphalt. 
The drainage is well nigh perfect. Among the public buildings are the city 
hall, costing $300,000; market house, city hospital, and a public bath house, 
the latter erected by contributions of public spirited citizens inspired by the 
Kansas City Star. The federal custom house and the county courthouse are 
fine public buildings. 

Kansas City has outstripped all of its neighbors in population. If the popu- 
lation of Kansas City, Kansas, is included with that of Kansas City, Missouri, 



KANSAS CITY. 



269 




SOME STUDENTS OF TUE MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL. 

as should be done, the city has 37.4 per cent of the population of St. Louis, or 
215,170. While in 1870 Kansas City stood thirty-eighth among the cities of the 
United States, in 1880 it had risen to the twenty-ninth place and in 1900 to 
twenty-second place. In these twenty years her population has nearly doubled. 
Including Kansas City, Kansas, she occupies seventeenth place. Only the acci- 
dent of a State line separates the two cities, which commei'cially are one. In 
the census of 1900 only two cities of 100,000 or more had a greater proportion 
than Kansas City of native whites of native parents. They are St. Joseph, Mis- 
souri, with 67 per cent and Columbus, Ohio, with 60 per cent; Kansas City rank- 
ing third with 58 per cent. Foreigners constitute only 11.2 per cent of the popu- 
lation and negroes 10.8 per cent; only three other cities in 1900 had a less per 
cent of foreign population, St. Joseph, Missouri, Washington, D. C, and Mem- 
phis, Tennessee. Kansas City is an American city of the highest type. Its peo- 
ple are thrifty, law-abiding and home-loving. There is little destitution, little 
squalor. The tenement house has not become a menace. 

The record of no development in Kansas City is more interesting than 
its growth in building operation. Strangers are astonished at the residences 
built and those under construction. During the last five years the estimated 
cost of structures for which building permits have been issued was twenty- 
six million dollars. These permits included 1,160 brick residences and 4,987 
frame residences, aggregating in value fourteen and one-half million dollars. 
It is estimated that twenty million dollars has been expended in the last five 
years for the erection of residences in Kansas City, and for all structures during 
this period more than thirty-three million dollars. In the census of 1900 Kansas 
City stood seventh among American cities in aggregate building operations, 
yet the total for the last fiscal year was nearly twice as much as for the census 
year. The extraordinary growth in building has made profitable business in all 
building material lines. Incident to it has been a development of the 
brick industry. Six large firms manufacture brick with an annual out 
put of seventy-six million bricks, the largest west of Chicago and St.. Louia 



270 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



The parent plant, one of the largest manufactories of stove pipe, is in Kansas 
City. This firm has filled exceptionally large contracts; one in particular for 
the City of Mexico. 

The postal receipts are a reliable index to a city's business prosperity. In 
gross postofl5ce receipts, Kansas City ranks thirteenth among the American cities, 
though twenty-second in population. Her receipts are more than those of New 
Orleans and Memphis combined, or Omaha and Denver, or Louisville and Nash- 
ville combined, or Hartford and New Haven, Bridgeport, Waterbury and Memphis 
all combined. Postal receipts of Kansas City exceed the postal receipts from 
presidential postoflices of the ten States of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, 
Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina 
and West Virginia. In the main office of the thirty-five sub-stations, 440 people 
are employed. The gross receipts are $1,101,837.91. The amount of revenue of 

the office for the fiscal year was $784,013.42 with a 
smaller per cent of expense to the receipts than 
shown by any oflSce above it in population. 

Kansas City is to-day the second largest rail- 
way center of America. No city anywhere can 
offer the merchants or manufacturers better ship- 
ping facilities. It is the point from which the 
railroads can gather the largest tonnage over the 
greatest area. Of all inducements held out to 
locate in Kansas City, and 

"" they are numerous, none is 

of greater value than its 
superior transportation facil- 
ities. Of the total 57,023 
miles of track laid in the 
United States in 1903, over 
30 per cent was laid in Okla- 
•i H 1 1 _ 11 II H tfl? tfWM' homa, Indian Territory, Texas 





MANUAL 
TBAINING 
HIGH SCHOOL. 
CENTRAL 
HIGH SCHOOL. 
FRANKLIN 
WARD SCHOOL. 




and MissoTiri. These roads all open new territory that pays tribute to Kansas 
City merchants and manufacturers. Thirty-nine lines of railway run into 
Kansas City, with a mileage of fifty-five thousand miles, nearly one-fourth of the 
United States. These lines traverse thirty-one states and territories. The cap- 
itals of sixteen states and three territories can be reached from Kansas City 
without change of cars. Kansas City merchants and manufacturers have seven 
trunk lines from Chicago, six from St. Louis, seven from Nebraska and the 
great northwest, five to Colorado and beyond, eleven to Kansas, seven to Indian 
Territory, Oklahoma, Texas and the southwest and fourteen to Missouri. These 
lines reach nearly 12,000 cities and towns direct. The trackage of the railways, 
including switches, within the city is over 500 miles. More than three hundred 
freight trains in and out daily handle on the average 12,000 cars a day. More 
than two hundred passenger trains enter and disappear from the union depot 
daily and five of the roads do not enter the union depot. The railways have 
recently announced plans for a $5,000,000 station. Two new railroad enterprises 
rapidly reaching consummation, the building of the Kansas City, Mexico & 



KANSAS CITY. 



271 



Orient, and the development of the Union Depot Bridge and Terminal Railway 
Company promise much for Kansas City. The former line, 1,629 miles long, is the 
most important railway project undertaken in the United States for years. It 
brings the city 500 miles nearer to the coast and opens up a country now almost 
entirely undeveloped, marvelously rich in many resources. The undertaking of 
the Union Depot Bridge and Terminal Railway is both a transportation and indus- 
trial development. The completion of its plans will add much to the wealth and 
importance of the city. The railway companies in Kansas City's territories have 
ever prospered. With the completion of plans now underway pointing to greater 
growth and greater prosperity, Kansas City will enjoy the distinction of having 
the largest and best transportation facilities of any city in the United States 
of America. 

The live stock business of Kansas City is the most important, the most char- 
acteristic and the most rapidly developing phase of its commercial life. Kansas 
City's live stock business is the second largest in the world and is growing as 
none other. Its stock yards are the most convenient and the most thoroughly 
equipped in the country, and the output of its packing plant is exceeded only 
by those of Chicago. Slaughtering and meat packing in the United States ranks 
first among the industries in net value of products and second in gross value. 
In this industry ranking at the top of all the great industries in the United 




BUENHAM, HANNA, MUNGEB & CO., WHOLESALE DBY GOODS. 



States, Kansas City to-day occupies the second place among the American cities. 
The magnitude of the live stock business astonishes all who have given it no 
direct attention. It is the largest item in the commerce of the city. More cap- 
ital is invested in it than in any other; the annual volume of business in dollars 
is greater than any other; it employs more people; it furnishes greater railroad 
tonnage, it draws its supplies from a larger territory and sells its products 
throughout a greater area. Kansas City is the outdoor to the great stock and 



272 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




PABK COLLEGE, PARKVILLE, PLATTE COUNTY, NEAR KANSAS CITY. 











HORSES 




CATTLE 


HOGS 


SHEEP 


AND 
MULES 


I87I 


120,827 


41,036 


4,527 


809 


I88I 


285,863 


1,614,304 


79,924 


12,592 


I89I 


1,347,487 


2,599,109 


386,760 


31,740 


I90I 


2,126,575 


3,716,404 


980,078 


96,657 


1902 


2,279,166 


2,279,337 


1,154,084 


76,844 


1903 


2,137,112 


1,969,381 


1,151,730 


67,274 



cattle market of the world. Since the stock yards were established in 1871, 
they have been again and again enlarged, growing from 26 acres to 200 acres. 
They are paved throughout with vitrified brick, and have every facility for 
transacting business. The Live Stock Exchange building is the finest of its kind 
in the world. A more adequate idea of the remarkable growth of the live stock 
industry may be gathered from a comparison of the receipts of live stock for 
various years as follows: 

The growth of the pack- receipts of live stock at kansas city. 

ing industry is shown in the 
increased number of animals 
slaughtered. The increase in 
the percentage of the receipts 
consumed by the six local 
packing houses is more im- 
portant and significant than 
the increase in receipts, at 
the yards. In 1903 the pack- 
ing houses consumed 525 per 

cent of all the cattle received during the year, 95.5 per cent of the hogs and 
67.2 of all the sheep. A new packing plant costing two million dollars is being 
built. The value of the products of the Kansas City packing houses for the cen- 
sus year was $73,205,027. This amount is larger than the value of the entire 
output of bituminous coal of Iowa, Illinois, Ohio and West Virginia combined. 
With the increase of business it is estimated that the annual output of the six 
packing houses is to-day nearly ninety million dollars. 

The following table shows the number of cattle, hogs and sheep slaughtered 
by the packing houses in various years since 1886: 

The cattle received during 
1901 placed in line one behind 
another would reach from New 
York to San Francisco. The 
hogs similarly placed would 
reach from San Francisco to 
New York and back to Pittsburg. 
Facilities have been provided to 
encourage breeders to make the 
Kansas City stock yards the auc- 
tion market for the stock products. Annually the great American Royal Show 
and sale is held here, the greatest exhibition of breeding stock the world has 
ever seen. Kansas City has become the center of the pure bred cattle industry. 
One-third of the cattle of the United States are in the states directly tributary 
to Kansas City. The number has increased more than 30 per cent in eight 
years. The increased sale is equal to the number of cattle in Great Britain. 
The possibilities of Kansas City as a live stock market would seem to know 
no limit short of cessation of increase of population. 

Kansas City leads all other cities in the world as a distributing point for 
agricultural implements and vehicles. That portion of the Louisiana Purchase 



AT THE KANSAS CITY PACKING HOUSES. 





CATTLE 


HOGS 


SHEEP 


1886 


100,335 


1,688,283 


89,163 


1890 


581,520 


2,348,073 


199,000 


1895 


912,245 


2,145,131 


575,806 


1900 


1,139,246 


2,854,281 


629,918 


1903 


1,123,918 


1,881,018 


773,982 



KANSAS CITY. 



273 




FABM SCENE, IN KANSAS CITY'S TKADE TEBEITOET. 

that comprises Kansas City trade territory in the implement and vehicle line 
contains appi'oximately 200,000 square miles, the greater portion of which is 
rich in farm lands, with a soil that is inexhaustible. Every implement factory 
of any importance in the United States is represented in Kansas City. The 
annual sales aggregate twenty-five million dollars, one-fourth of all the agri- 
cultural implements manufactured in the United States. The Kansas City Imple- 
ment Vehicle and Hardware Club is the largest organization of jobbers in one 
line to be found anywhere, and the Western Retail Implement and Vehicle 
Dealers' Association is the largest state or interstate organization of retail 
dealers in any line. Its annual convention brings to Kansas City from three 
to four thousand retail dealers to Kansas City's retail territory. The annual 
shipments of implements and vehicles from this point, if bunched in car loads, 
would approximate eighteen thousand cars or two train loads each working day 
in the year. 

With the increased agricultural production from the territory tributary to 
Kansas City, it may be safely asserted that Kansas City's growth in the imple- 
ment business, phenomenal as it has been, has only begun. 

Located at the very heart of the grain growing section of the continent, with 
railroads running throughout in every direction, giving it the best transporta- 
tion facilities, Kansas City has annually become one of the most important grain 
and milling centers of the United States. Tributary to her mills and elevators 
there is almost an unlimited supply of grain. Bach year the Kansas City eleva- 
tors handle more and more of this yield and its mills convert an ever increasing 
portion of it into flour, corn meal, cereals, products and feed stuffs for long 
demand and exportation. The grain interest of the city is conducted by the 
Board of Trade, the sole organization of business men in the city. Each year 
the receipts of grain of Kansas City have 
been larger than for the previous year. 
In 1903 the receipts and shipments aggre- 
gating sixty-two million bushels were the 
largest known. In 1900 the census placed 
Kansas City ninth in flouring and grist 
mill products, to-day she would stand 
above this. Her milling capacity has been 
increased, and two new mills are being 
built. One of the mills with a daily capac- 
ity of 5,000 barrels, shipped this month 
twenty-five car loads of flour to South 
Africa. This mill grinds for export trade 
only. There are twenty-eight elevators in 
Kansas City with a storage capacity of 
6,320,000 bushels and a handling capacity 

Mo. — /8 




BUNCH OF JACKSON COUNTY GRAPES. 



274 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




SCENE ON STOCK FABM, DE KALB COUNTY. 



of 1,518,000 bushels. Other elevators under construction will add a third to the 
storage capacity. That there is only one cereal mill of large proportions in the 
city is somewhat astonishing, the bulk of its product being oatmeal, much of 
which is exported. Kansas City should be the center of the cereal food business 
of the United States and doubtless will be. 

As a wholesale fruit and produce market, Kansas City ranks in importance 
with cities triple and quadruple her size. Its location makes it the great market 
place for the fruit and garden products of the west and southwest. A record 
of the value of last years' business shows: Butter, 10,000,000 pounds, valued at 
$2,000,000; eggs, 306,000 cases, $1,530,000; cheese, $782,400; poultry, 16,000,000 
pounds, $1,500,000. Fruits combining all classes except berries, $2,100,000; ber- 
ries, $264,000. Vegetables, $1,500,000; the special lines including dried fruits, 
game, honey, wax and sundry items, $1,000,000. No fruit and vegetable market 
in the United States has promise of a brighter future. 

The lumber industry of the United States ranks fourth in the gross 
value of products. In this important industry Kansas City stands among the 
first. It is one of the leading lumber centers of the country, and in the sale 
of yellow pine probably leads. Its manufacturers are among the most prominent 
in the country. Their mills are located in the yellow pine timber lands of Mis- 
souri, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, and a daily output of their 
mill plants ranges from 50,000 to 400,000 feet. A fair estimate of the yellow pine 

lumber sold in Kansas City in 1903 
would be one billion feet. The cypress 
which is supplanting the white pine is 
furnishing a large volume of business 
in Kansas City. The Pacific Coast lum- 
ber is handled in an increasing 
amount. As a hardwood market Kan- 
sas City holds a responsible place. 
There are four large hardwood yards 
in the city, and one of the largest wal- 
nut lumber plants in the world. Prac- 
tically all of the walnut lumber out- 
put is consumed in Europe. 

In the sash and door line, Kansas 
City shows a large business over an 
extensive territory. The Southwestern 
Lumbermen's Association maintains its headquarters at Kansas City. Its organ- 
ization has a membership of 16,050. There are upwards of 100 lumber compa- 
nies in Kansas City. These companies employ a combined capital conservatively 
estimated at $40,000,000. 




JUDGE THOMAS B. HUDSPETH, JACKSON COUNTY, 
AND HIS FOX HOUNDS. 



KANSAS CITY. 



275 



Coal is the alchemy of commerce. It is the first essential in manufacturing, 
the first essential in transportation. If it can be obtained regularly in large quan- 
tities at a reasonable price, and a great variety of raw materials is at hand, 
two of the chief factors for industrial success exist. Kansas City is especially 
fortunate in its coal supply. Twenty coal mining companies having an aggregate 
capital of $10,000,000, have headquarters here. In addi- 
tion to the companies operating their own mines 
there are twenty-five wholesale coal dealers employ- 
ing at least $1,000,000, which handle the product 
from mines not operated by Kansas City capital. 
Over 125 coal mines employing 15,000 operatives 
are owned and operated by the Kansas City 
Company. There are over 100 other mines 
in the Kansas City field employing 8,000 
operatives. These mines have a total an- 
nual output of 14,000,000 tons. Four mil- 
lion tons of coal are sold in Kansas City. 
Two and one-half million are consumed by 
the railroads, and the remainder for com- 
mercial and domestic purposes. Geo- 
graphically, Kansas City is the center of 
one of the greatest coal districts in North 
America. The city is underlaid with two 
veins of coal, mined within the city 
limits; twenty-seven miles up the river 
are the large producing mines of Leaven- 
worth, Kansas; fifty miles to the east are the 
Lexington and Richmond fields; ninety miles 
farther east are the Bevier and Huntsville 
fields giving two of the thickest veins of 
coal west of the Mississippi river, averag- 
ing four and a half feet, and underlying a 
large portion of Randolph and Macon 
counties; to the southwest within the dis- 
tance of one hundred and forty miles are 
the Kansas fields, which produce one of 
the strongest steam-producing coals in the 
United States. On every side are extensive 
coal fields, those of Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, 
Arkansas, Indian Territory and Colorado, and 
all chiefly controlled by Kansas City capital. 

Among the cities of the Union, greater Kan- 
sas City, as an industrial community occupied, 
according to the census of 1900 the fifteenth place. 
At that time Kansas City had 22,089 factories with 
an aggregate capital of over $45,000,000. There were 
employed 25,925 operatives to whom wages amounting to 
$12,669,911 were paid. The raw material used cost $88.- 
600,689, and the value of the output was $119,296,335. This 
was larger than the total manufactured product of twenty- 
seven states. While the gain in population in the decade in 
Kansas City was only 25.7 per cent, the increase in value of factory output was 
nearly 57 per cent greater than enjoyed by any other city except Pittsburg, pro- 
ducing an equal or greater output. 

Twenty years ago Kansas City was known as a jobbing and wholesale city, 
to-day it is known also as a manufacturing city. To-day there are more manu- 
facturing and wholesale concerns, and the manufacturing interests greatly ex- 
ceed the jobbing interests in capital invested, annual sales, number of employes 
and annual pay roll. The industrial growth is indicated by the Manufacturers 




MISSOURI GROWS THREE 
TIMES AS MUCH CORN 
AS MEXICO AND CANADA 
COMBINED. 



276 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



p.iliiliE^^^ 




A HEED OF MISSOURI CATTLE FOR FUTURE KAiNSAS CITY MARKET. 



and Merchants Association with a membership of nearly 400 of the largest man- 
ufacturing firms representing a great variety of industries. Nowhere is a new 
concern more heartily welcomed. The people of this territory are intelligent 
and prosperous; anything that will supply their wants can be successfully and 
profitably manufactured in Kansas City. The most significant and important 
phase of the commercial life of Kansas City is the great variety of its interest. 
It is not a one line city. Other than interests already considered, the more 
important are dry goods, hats, caps, boots and shoes, millinery and notions, 
groceries, teas and coffees, drugs, liquor, hardware, machinery supplies, heavy 
iron, building material, paper, house and electrical supplies. Kansas City stands 
first as a dry goods market west of St. Louis. The wholesale grocer business is 
represented by very strong houses. The wholesale hardware business in all its 
branches is well represented. In the drug business is large capital which has 

grown rmarkably. 

Kansas City is the western depot for saddles 
and harness. 

Not only the live stock, grain and agricul- 
tural implement businesses have grown more rap- 
idly or more substantially, but Kansas City has 
become one of the best millinery markets in the 
country. One coffee house roasts its own product, 
grown on its own plantation in Mexico. The de- 
velopment in its electrical supply has been very 
great. The increase in the manufacture and sale 
of paints, oil and varnish has been large. The 
seed business is one of the largest west of the Mis- 
sissippi. Ten houses are engaged extensively in 
jobbing jewelry and watch supplies, making the 
city stand fourth in the United States in this 
regard. The wholesale crockery and queensware 
business is represented virtually by one house, 
established over forty years ago, which has pros- 
pered ever since, and ships entirely to the Coast. 
A Kansas City music house is the second 
largest in the United States. Almost every 
line is represented in the wholesale field. In 
1880 the bank clearings of Kansas City for the 
year amounted to one hundred and one million dol- 
lars. In 1903 they amounted to ten hundred and 
seventy-four million dollars. Nothing better indi- 
cates the commercial growth and importance of Kansas City than these figures. 
Kansas City's financial pi'estige is very great. No city in the Union any- 
where near her in size can in any way compare with her in financial importance. 




LADY BBITON 16tH 90715, SWEEPSTAKES 
cow AT THE PAN AMERICAN EXPOSITION, 
C. G. COMSTOCK & SON, GENTRY COUNTY. 



KANSAS CITY. 



277 




IN FEED LOT OF CLARK & HOUSEHOLDER, AUDRAIN COUNTY. 




Y - 



Twenty-second in population, slie is eighth in bank clearings and oftentimes 
seventh. Only New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Boston and San 
Francisco stand regularly ahead of her in bank clearings. The combined capital 
and surplus of Kansas City's eighteen banks amount to ten million dollars. 
They have a deposit of eighty million dollars. The clearings for 1903 were the 
largest in the history of the clearing house. One of the banks is the largest west 
of Chicago with one exception. Great deposits held 
by the Kansas City banks have made them compar- 
atively free of the eastern money makers. Yet in 
banking as in commerce, the city has only fairly 
begun to grow. 

While Kansas City is great in commerce and 
industry and her development as a factor in the 
business world has been surpassingly interesting, 
the growth of all phases of her higher life has been 
more rapid, more astonishing and more advanced. 
Early in the history of the city, an exceptional sys- 
tem of public schools 
was established, the 
growth and expansion 
of which has demon- 
strated the wisdom of 
its founders. The board 
of education, in which 
the two great political 
parties have been for 
thirty years equally 
represented, has been 
notable for the charac- 
ter, ability and public 
spirit of its members. 
The schools have a na- 
tional and interna- 
tional reputation for 
efficiency. The Manual 
Training School has be- 
come a model. Kansas 
City has more high 
school scholars in proportion to its population than any city in the federal union. 
Liberality has ever been manifested by the tax payers in voting bonds for school 
purposes. The school tax is nine mills on the assessed valuation of eighty-six 
million dollai's. The school buildings are of model school architecture. The 
public library, which is part and parcel of the school system, is a masterpiece 




RIVER AM) KAILWAY, NKAK KANSAS CITY. 



278 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 





SCENE IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI MINING 



of school architecture. The four high schools are especially noteworthy. The 
citizens are prouder of nothing than of Kansas City's public school system. 
Aside from her public schools, Kansas City offers other unusual educational ad- 
vantages in professional, parochial and private schools. Kansas City's public 
library, administered by the board of education, has for its home a classic and 
well-appointed building. The library contains about 50,000 volumes, is free to 
all residents of Kansas City, and is used by a greater percentage of the popula- 
tion than any library in the United States. To add to its practical use seven 
substations are maintained in the more distant schools, and a branch in a hand- 
some building at Westport. 

The school and the church go hand in hand and no less characteristic than 
the development of the Kansas City schools has been that of her religious life. 

One of the most interesting phases 
of the religious life of Kansas City is 
the building of so many churches in 
the outlying residence districts. All de- 
nominations are represented and all 
religious organizations. One hundred 
and eighty church edifices are to be 
found within the city limits. The 
buildings are models of church 
architecture, ornaments to the 
city, and evidence of the liber- 
ality of their membership. 

The establishment of the 
elaborate park and boulevard 
system is the most signal exam- 
ple of the Kansas City spirit. 
The park system under the man- 
agement of the Park Board comprises 1,874 acres of parks, 215 acres of park- 
ways, and twenty-six miles of boulevards, one of the most beautiful and har- 
monious park and boulevard systems in the United States. The system is com- 
prehensive; each portion has been planned with relation to every other and the 
whole to give embellishment to all the city and to serve all of its inhabitants. 
Throughout the center of the residence portion of the city from north to south 
runs the Paseo, a magnificent parkway, while the Parade, the central play- 
ground of the city adjoins the Paseo about midway of its length. The parks 
are beautiful and picturesque, with lakes, fountains, forest trees, winding drives 
and open playgrounds. The elaborate system of boulevards encircles the city 
»nd connects nearly all the parks. The boulevards are most modern in coij- 




POxNTlAC C. STAIK AGiJlCULiUKA.L COLLEGE FARM. 



KANSAS CITY. 



279 




DISTRICT IN KANSAS CITY TRADE TERRITORY. 



struction, are wide, well paved, bordered with wide walks and rows of trees 
on either side, and along those in the newer sections of the city, costly houses 
are being rapidly erected. The total cost of the park system exceeds six million 
dollars. 

To-day in Kansas City exceptional, but for her not unusual conditions pre- 
vail in all lines of business. The number of real estate transfers have increased 
from year to year. The rapid extension of the street railway system has been 
responsible for the great demand for residence property in outlying districts. 
Great retail branches of business are not less well represented in the city than 
the wholesale manufacturing interests. Many are moving into new and better 
stores. The humanitites of life are cultivated. 

Chas. Dudley Warner has written: "I can only express my admiration of 
the indomitable energy and spirit of that portion of the west which Kansas 
City represents, and congratulate it upon so many indications of attention to the 
higher civilization without which its material progress would be wonderful but 
not attractive." 

Kansas City has always been fortunate by being served by able and clean 
newspapers. One has the largest circulation of any paper published in a city 
with no more inhabitants. The Star, with its morning edition, the Times, the 
Journal and the Evening World, are vigorous and influential. Kansas City has 
grown marvelously in newspaper and periodical publishing, and in book and 
job printing. 

A prosperous people build commodious and beautiful houses. Nothing in 
Kansas City will more forcibly impress the visitor with the prosperity of the 
city than its great number of elegant homes. Every facility is offered for social 
enjoyment. Large theaters, attractive clubs and prosperous library, social and 
musical organizations. Business and professional organizations are prominent. 
The Priests of Pallas week is a notable harvest home occasion. 

A city can not be greater than her citizens. Kansas City is the outcome of 
the Kansas City spirit. Within half a century, the people of Kansas City have 
reared upon an uncouth and unattractive spot a wonderful and in many respects, 
a model city, clean politically, beautiful materially, aggressive commercially, and 
stable financially. Nothing has ever been too good for the citizen of Kansas 
City, either in his own home or for his own city. 

The audacity and pluck and comradeship of the people have made the Kan- 
sas City spirit. Since the early days, all questions have been approached by 
organized effort. The building and rebuilding of Convention Hall is evidence 
of what Kansas City means. This building 198 by 314 feet in size was built 
by popular subscriptions. It was the building of all the people, for all the people, 
to be conducted for the benefit of all the city without hope of gain. The National 



280 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Democratic Convention of 1900 had been secured for the city, to meet in Con- 
vention Hall. It was to convene on July 4. Midday April 4 the hall burned. 
Before the sun went down upon the day, contract for rebuilding and making it 
fire proof in time for the National Democratic Convention was let and subscrip- 
tions began pouring in. The convention was held in it on time. The magnitude 
of the performance can be comprehended, when it is known that the original 
subscriptions had to be more than duplicated and that the building is steel con- 
struction, with a truss roof, without pillar or post to obstruct the vision, or mar 
the sound. It was estimated that during the National Convention 30,000 people 
were in it at one time. It is adapted to almost every conceivable entertainment 
or gathering, such as grand opera, horse shows, balls, band concerts, industrial 
expositions, bench and poultry shows, flower shows, bicycle races, all of which 
have taken place in it. It is a great auditorium and stands a monument to a 
people great in civic pride, great in determination, and great in ability to exe- 
cute their plans. A photograph of Convention Hall is in the heading to this 
chapter. 

When it is remembered that 60 per cent of the total area of the United States 
is west of Kansas City, and that it contains only 14.7 per cent of the population, 
a faint conception is had of what development may still be expected in this 
region, and how Kansas City will grow as a result thereof. Kansas City's lines 
of communication cover this section like a gridiron. All lines of railway to 




EEGISTERED ABEEDEEN-ANGUS OF W. E. & UAMILTON CONE, SCOTLAND COUNTY. 

the west converge here. From here they diverge, and like the ribs of an open 
fan spread out over all this region to every nook and corner, evei'y prairie set- 
tlement and mining camp, every stock ranch and lumber mill, every cotton plan- 
tation and wheat and corn field, bringing the wealth of them all to Kansas City, 
here to be turned into the finished product or retransported to the east and 
north and south, or across the seas. 

When this domain knows the development the region east of Kansas City 
now enjoys; when its fields are tilled as are the fields of Ohio; when its mines of 
coal and iron are worked as are the mines of Pennsylvania; when the cotton 
of its plantations is manufactured into the finished fabric where grown, as it 
now is in the south; when its slaughter houses have still increased until their 
Capacity consumes the entire supply of live stock; when the ore of its lead and 
zinc and copper mines is converted at home into the finally finished product and 
not transported across the continent, or exported, to be reduced to the ultimate 
article; when its lumber before bearing transportation charges is made into 
articles of utility and beauty; when its natural gas lights the fires of its own 
furnaces and mills and shops, it will be as great in industry as it is to-day in 
agriculture and stock raising. It will be an industrial and commercial domain 
greater and more prosperous than modern history has known, and Kansas City 
will be as it is to-day, its commercial, industrial and financial metropolis. 



b 



ST. JOSEPH 




ST. JOSEPH is the third city in the State in population, in commerce and 
in wealth. It is the county seat of Buchanan county, and the metrop- 
olis of "The Platte Purchase." For a distance of one hundred miles, 
the Missouri river is the boundary line between Missouri and Kansas, 
and then it cuts its way through the central counties of Missouri and 
unites with the Mississippi river twenty miles above St. Louis. St Joseph is 
located on the great east bend of the Missouri river, 300 miles by rail above 
St. Louis; by river 556 miles to the northwest. From Jefferson City, the State 
capital, St. Joseph is by rail 245 miles. 

The first settler at the foot of the Black Snake Hills, now the site of St. 
Joseph, was Joseph Robidoux, of St. I^ouis, a trader with the Indians. A treaty 
negotiated with the Sac. Fox and Iowa tribes brought what is known and in- 
cluded in the territory now embraced by the counties of Platte, Buchanan, An- 
drew, Holt, Nodoway and Atchison into Missouri as a conclusion of "The Platte 
Purchase" in 1838. Joseph Robidoux pre-empted the 160 acres of land on which 
he had located, and on which the main business portion of St. Joseph was 
builded. In 1843 the town of St. Joseph was laid out. A special charter was 
granted in 1851. California emigrants made St. Joseph their outfitting point 
and the city was fairly launched on its commercial growth. 

In 1861, William A. Davis, who had been in the postal service for more 
than 30 years, conceived a scheme to distribute the mail bound west of the 
Missouri river, on the cars between Hannibal and St. Joseph. He placed his 
scheme and drawings for distributing cars in the hands of Major J. L. Bit- 
tinger, then postmaster, who, having examined the plans, forwarded them with 
his recommendation, to Postmaster General Blair. A special agent was sent to 
Photo in heading : Live Stock Exchange; Library Building. 

281 



282 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI 



C. D. SMITH DRUG COMPANY 



LETTS- 
SPENCER 
GROCERY 
COMPANY 



St. Joseph with orders 
to confer with Mr. Da- 
vis, and inaugurate 
the business of dis- 
tributing the overland 
mail on the cars. It 
proved to be the great- 
est improvement ever 
made in the postal ser- 
vice. Mail is now dis- 
tributed i n special 
mail cars all over the 
country, and the rail- 
w a y postal service 
been adopted in many 
foreign lands. 

In 1871, a company 
was organized t o 
bridge the Missouri 
river at St. Joseph. 
The city voted $500,- 
000, and bonds were issued to 
the amount of $500,000. The 
bridge was completed early in 
1873. At this time new lines of 
railroad were projected. In a 
few years several additional lines 
were completed, until now there 
are fourteen leading lines which 
connect St. Joseph with every 
section of the United States, Can- 
ada and Mexico. No city has bet- 
NATioNAL BISCUIT t^r transportation facilities for 

COMPANY. trade. The city has made enor- 

mous strides in growth, commerce and manufacturing within the last ten years. 
Fourteen hundred traveling men, representing St. Joseph business houses, 
cover the territory west to the Pacific Ocean, north to the Canadian line, south 
to Mexico, and east as far as Ohio. 

The business men of St. Joseph are possessed of great foresight and enter- 
prise, but are not of the speculative character. They are energetic, but con- 
servative. They have a strong, stubborn way of doing things. They have in- 
sisted upon a clean, honest city government, and have generally succeeded in 
obtaining it. Few cities are so free from municipal corruption. The affairs of 
the city are economically administered. No oflBcial has ever been charged with 
corruption. 

The population of St. Joseph in 1846 was 936. In 1850 it was 8,932. In 1860 
it was estimated at 12,000. In 1870 the United States census gave it as 19,565. 





PANORAMA OF ST. JOSEPH 



ST. JOSEPH. 



283 



In 1880 it was 32.431. In 1890 it was 52,324. In 1900 the United States census 
stiowed that the city had nearly doubled its population — 102,979. It is now 
estimated at 105,000. Thus it is shown that only one city in the United States — 
Los Angeles, California — has equalled it in growth during the ten years from 
1890 to 1900. 

The natural advantages of St. Joseph as a commercial and manufacturing 
city are unsurpassed. It is in the heart of the most fertile section on earth, 
famous for its varied 
and wonderful r e - 
sources and prolific 
production. The per- 
manence and prosper- 
ity of the city is 
founded upon fortu- 
nate location, estab- 
lished institutions, ac- 
cumulated wealth, 
merited prestige and 
successful achieve- 
ments. The stability 
and prosperity of no 
city in the west is 
better assured than 
that of St. Joseph. In 
the span of one life- 
time it has grown 
from a trading point 
to an eminent commercial city, an im- 
portant railroad and financial center, 
and an established market in every 
way, of national prominence. It is a 
city where the majority of the resi- 
dents own their homes. The mer- 
chants, manufacturers, and most peo- 
ple in business own the buildings in 
which they trade. There is hardly a 
vacant house in the city, business or 
residence, and in nearly every case 
new buildings command tenants before 
their completion. Prices for real es- 
tate are no higher than those prevail- 
ing ten years ago, while in the mean- 
time the population of the city has 

doubled, and the real value, when compared with other cities of the same popu- 
lation, is much above present prices. As a distinguishing feature, the people 
of St. Joseph are permanent, contented, steady and reliable, as compared with 
the transient^ restless and nomadic elements that seem to concentrate in other 
large commercial centers. 



TOOTLE, WHEELEB & MOTTEB. 



RICHABDSON-EOBEETS DBY GOODS CO. 



BBITTAIN DBY GOODS CO. 





FBOM THE WEST BANK OF THE MISSOUKl BIVEB. 



284 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



From the highest point in St. Joseph there is a magnificent landscape view 
west over the Kansas valley and the highland prairie. To the south lies the 
valley of the Missouri river, so rich that it has produced unfailing crops of 
wheat, rye, oats, corn and hemp. 

The hills bordering the valley rise 200 feet, wooded from foot to top, while 
the prairie spreads out like the billows of a gently rolling sea. It is one of the 
great fruit growing sections of the world. The timber in the woodlands is 
varied and ample. The climate is mild and pleasant. There is no healthier 
region. Nowhere on earth in a like area is there grown as many horses, mules, 
cattle and hogs. Nowhere as much wheat, rye, oats, and corn. Nowhere as 
much fruit. The vast prairie region tributary to St. Joseph is wide, grand, open, 
not dull nor flat, but rising and sloping — a landscape scene of width comparable 
with naught but itself. Prairiesi there are in other lands with far-spread arid 
grasses and brackish lakes, but here are the fertile prairie lands of America, 
bountifully watered by rivers, creeks and streams. 

St. Joseph was incorporated as a town under special charter, in 1845; as a 
city, under charter, in 1851. It includes within its incorporated limits an area 
of nine and one-half square miles. It has 152 miles of streets, of which sixty 
are paved with asphalt, brick, macadam or granite; has six miles of main 
sewers and sixty miles of district sewer. Its government is vested in a mayor 
and a council. Its bonded debt, less cash in the treasury January 1, 1904, was 
$925,000, bearing interest at 3 1-2 and 4 per cent. It has no floating indebted- 
ness. Its assessed valuation is $30,000,000, which is from 35 to 50 per cent of 
actual value. On this basis, a tax of $1.45 is levied. The State, school and 
county tax levied on the same basis, are $1.30. Five city parks furnish pleasure 
grounds for the people. The various departmentsi of the city government, pub- 
lic works, police, fire and heat and light, building, board of health and others 
are conducted upon modern lines. Free public library, established in 1890, now 




INTERIOR OF NATIONAL BANK OF ST. JOSEPH. 



contains 29,000 volumes. It is housed in a beautiful building provided by the 
school district at a cost of $107,000. The Carnegie Branch, erected from a gift 
of $25,000 from Andrew Carnegie, is in South St. Joseph. 

The city hall and public market house, the United States government 
postoflice, the county courthouse, the Home for Little Wanderers, the Memorial 
Home for Aged People, the State Insane Asylum No. 2, the county asylum for 



ST. JOSEPH. 



285 



the poor, the union station, the Young Men's Christian Association building, 
the Y. W. C. A. home, are excellent public buildings. 

There are two splendid hospitals — the Sisters and the Ensworth. The first 
is equal to any in the State, and the latter is also excellent. 

The public schools of St. Joseph are supported with an annual expenditure 
of $250,000. They are among the best in the west. The school district embraces 
fifteen square miles of territory, owns thirty-two buildings, operates thirty-five 
schools, employs two hundred and seventy-eight teachers. At the last school 
census there was an enrollment of 11,054 pupils in the public schools. There 
are numerous and excellent private and parochial schools, among them: 
Antoine Kindergarten, Robidoux Kindergarten, 
Y. M. C. A. Evening Scliool, St. Peter's German- 
English Lutheran School, St. Paul's Evangel- 
ical I/utheran Parochial School, Cathedral 
Parochial School, School of the Immaculate 
Conception, St. Francis Xavier Catholic School, 
St. Mary's Catholic School, St. Patrick's Girls' 
Parochial School, St. Peter's and Paul's Cath- 
olic School, Christian Brothers College, Con- 
vent of the Sacred Heart. Piatt's Commercial 
College, St. Joseph Business University, Ens- 
worth Medical College, Central Medical College. 

There is no wholesale market west of St. 
Louis equal to St. Joseph. Other enterprising 
cities on the Missouri river have grown up, but 
in commerce none have been able 
to compete with St. Joseph. It 
Is to-day the fourth largest 
wholesale dry goods market on 
the continent. There are four 
large houses in this line, using 
a capital of $3,000,000, employing 
over 200 traveling men, and 
making annual sales to the 
amount of $20,000,000. Their 
trade extends over the whole 
territory west of the Missouri 
river, the British possessions, 
Alaska, Mexico and the Pacific 
Islands. The immense dry goods 
business of St. Joseph has at- 
tracted many other interests to locate here, among which are wholesale groceries, 
hardware, boots and shoes, hats and caps, queensware, and also manufactories 
of various kinds. 

Over one million dollars worth of millinery goods are sold at wholesale by 
the jobbing millinery houses of St. Joseph. These houses give employment to 
over five hundred people in the manufacture and distribution of their goods. 
Thirty-eight salesmen cover the territory west of the Missouri river to the coast. 
The wholesale millinery business is steadily increasing and keeping pace with 
the other large jobbing interests. 

St. Joseph is a great market for paint specialties, covering the entire United 
States on some of these manufactured specialties. In the wholesale paper trade, 
St. Joseph has one firm, Sheridan-Clayton Paper Company, that is the largest 
handlers of tablets, and one of the largest supply houses in America. In the 
wholesale drug business, C. D. Smith Drug Company and the Van Natta-Lynds 
Drug Company embrace seven states and territories in their trade, with a volume 
of business approximating $2,000,000. The receipts of produce in St. Joseph indi- 
cate the extent of the city as a produce market. For a single year these approx- 
imated a million dollars of poultry; $1,500,000, of eggs; $2,500,000 of butter and 



ST. JOSEPH 
RESIDENCES. 




286 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




$6,000,000 of fruits and vegetables. An interesting comparison shows that the 
receipts of produce in 1868 were $150,000, and they had grown to nearly $9,000,- 
000 in 1903. 

Manufacturing industries of St. Joseph have increased immensely in the 
past twenty years. There is no more desirable location for manufacturing. 

Transportation facili- 
ties and the vast extent 
of territory drawing its 
supplies from here 
make St. Joseph an at- 
tractive manufacturing 
point. The Buell Man- 
ufacturing Company, 
said to be the largest 
in the United States, 
manufactures blankets, 
robes . and flannels, 
which are shipped di- 
rect from the mills to 
almost every State in 
the Union. The two 
largest manufacturers 
in the world of duck 
and denim clothing are located here. Seven firms are engaged in woollen man- 
ufacturing with four thousand operatives. There are five large boot and shoe 
factories. Wyeth Company manufactures a great amount of tinware, saddlery 
and harness, and have a large trade in Mexico. The Perfection Pump Company 
ships its products in car load lots all over the United States. The National Bis- 
cuit Company, with three large flour mills, the St. Joseph Plow Manufactory, the 
Mokaska Manufacturing Company, manufacturing roasted coffees, spices and 
baking powder, are large and growing institutions. The manufacture of cigars 
is a large industry. The manufacture of confectionery, jellies, fruit, butters and 
mince meat is larger than any other city in the west. The furniture and coop- 
erage works have long been established. The manufacture of carriages, buggies 
and wagons is a prosperous business. The hominy mills use hundreds of thou- 
sands of bushels of white corn grown especially for them. Of foundry and 
machine shops there are a number, and more needed. There are a half dozen 
steam laundries. The St. Joseph Skirt and Waist Company employs forty people. 
There are three large breweries, the annual product of which is 60,000 barrels. 
Altogether, the manufacturing industries number nearly 200, and over 8,000 em- 



BENTON CLUB HOUSE, ST. JOSEPH. 







BIBDS' EYE VIEW OF 



ST. JOSEPH. 



287 



ployes. The aggregate value of manufactured products is estimated at over 
$30,000,000, and is growing at a rapid rate year by year. 

There is probably no city in the Union, of the same size, as noted for pure 
milk as St. Joseph. Most of the milk siipplied is furnished by nearby dairies, 
and is delivered twice a day from the farm. A large proportion of this milk is 
handled through milk dealers, who do a wholesale as well as a retail business. 
Prominent among these are the American, , 

the Lewis, Electric and Western Dairy 
Companies. The Western Dairy Com- 
pany is the largest. It handles in addi- 
tion to milk, a large quantity of cream 
and make a special feature of the manu- 
facture of ice cream, a great deal of 
which is shipped to outside towns and the 
rest sold locally. It is estimated that St. 
Joseph uses about 13,000 gallons of milk 
daily, and as the demand increases the 
territory from which this milk is brought 
is extended. About one-eighth of the 
amount used is shipped in on the rail- 
roads now. The largest dealers in cream 
and exclusive manufacturers of pure 
creamery butter are the Blue Valley 
Creamery Company. They buy cream ex- 
clusively and make during the flush, a 
car load of butter a day and pay out one- 
half a million dollars a year for the raw 

material. Although less than three years old, this is the largest creamery in the 
world. 

The retail business of St. Joseph has kept pace with its other industries. 
In all lines of commercial activity there has been progress and advancement. 
The result has been not only a city of business, but a city of homes. 

As a grain market St. Joseph has made wonderful Advancements during the 
past year, and perhaps the largest gains of any other c2 y in the great central 
valley, it being so favorably located at the corners of the four greatest grain pro- 
ducing States in America, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska, and on the 
Missouri river, and with ample railroad facilities both in and out, and three 
large independent grain elevators and others being now contracted for, and also 
four large mills with elevators connected. The St. Joseph Board of Trade was 
organized about one year ago, and has already since its organization increased the 




COMMERCIAL CLUB nuiLDING, ST. JOSEPH. 




I ■ ..:a- 



r M li a ti >< ft 



I .„ «» iis -♦ 




*b» ' 




ST. JOSEPH STOCK YAKDS. 



288 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



UNION STATION, ST. JOSEPH, 




BUCHANAN 
COUNTY 
COURT 
HOUSE. 



grain business of St. Joseph to such an extent that it has gone beyond this conti- 
nent for an outlet. St. Joseph is now one of the foremost inland markets of the 
country on exports, and will continue to grow in importance and business, be- 
cause of its natural advantages and its geographical position. 

St. Joseph is one of the important seed markets of the United States. Among 
the leading firms are the Chesmore-Eastlake Company, The Faber Seed Company, 
Mitchellhill & Company, and the Missouri Valley Seed Company. St. Joseph 
is in the center of the best agricultural territory in the world, and the seed 
market will continue to grow as the territory develops. 

An infallible index to the commercial importance of any city or section is 
afforded by the transportation facilities which it enjoys and which are indis- 
pensable for its development. The following lines constitute the present railroad 
facilities of St. Joseph: Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railway, Burlington & 
Missouri River railroad, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, Chicago Great 
Western railway, Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway, Hannibal & St. 
Joseph railroad, Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad, Missouri 
Pacific railway, and St. Joseph & Grand Island railway. These lines and sys- 
tems of which they form a part have a total mileage of 61,114 miles, and traverse 
the States of Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, 
Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Ala- 
bama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming, 
Montana, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California, Indian Territory, Oklahoma, New 
Mexico and Arizona territories, the Dominion of Canada and the Republic of 
Mexico. 

Situated on one of the main waterways of the continent, at an elevation 
which precludes the possibility of danger from flood, in the center of a fertile 
section producing an abundance of grain, live stock, coal and timber, having man- 
ufactories, wholesale jobbing houses in all of the principal lines, extensive mod- 
ern stock yards and packing houses, great railroad systems whose lines reach the 
great lakes, the tide waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the Gulf of 
Mexico, St. Joseph is a natural distributing point for a vast territory. This fact 
having been recognized by the railroads at an early date, the city has been for 



ST. JOSEPH. 



289 



JOHN S. BRITTAIN. 



W. W. WHEELER. 




VAN NATTA. 



A. J. AUGUST. 

SOME ST. JOSEPH RESIDENCES. 

years a basing point for freight rates between the Mississippi valley and the 
west, which has materially aided in the development of its industries, and, 
thereby, renders its commercial supremacy unassailable, and assures St. Joseph's 
continued advancement. 

The street railway system of St. Joseph has been largely improved within 
the past year. The company has twenty-four miles of street railway, has erected 
new power house, car barns and shops. The extension to Lake Contrary has 
brought about the building up of one of the finest and most extensive pleasure 
resorts in the west. The Lotus Club, located at Lake Contrary, is considered one 
of the finest institutions of its kind west of Chicago. The St. Joseph Railway, 
Light, Heat and Power Company is building a new station costing over $250,000, 
with a capacity to supply electric light many yearsi The St. Joseph Gas Com- 
pany has in use fifty-six miles of main pipe, and has a capacity of furnishing 
two million cubic feet of gas every twenty-four hours. The city owns an electric 
street lighting plant costing over $100,000, operating 421 arc street lights, which 
plant will soon be enlarged to twice its capacity. 

The St. Joseph Water Company has over 100 miles of mains and 801 fire 
hydrants. The water supply is from the Missouri river, and is free from sewage 
contamination, being at all seasons of the year pure and healthy. 

St. Joseph has never been a boom town. It has no cheaply constructed 
buildings, no city lots gone back to farming purposes. St. Joseph has always 
been noted for its steady and solid growth. The charge of over conservatism 
might almost rest against its first forty years. Built up by men of wealth and 
rapidly increasing fortunes, it became known and respected for its solidity, 
credit, and uninflated values. The enterprise injected during the last ten years 
by younger men on the foundations of sound values already established, has 
made St. Joseph not only the envy of its neighbors, but a model for much older 
and larger cities. During the year 1903, buildings aggregating $1,949,457 were 
built in St. Joseph, and yet there is need for hundreds of dwellings and flat build- 
ings for the steady influx of new people into the city. Several new office 
buildings have recently been built, and yet there is such a demand for oflSce 
rooms that all can not be suitably supplied. St. Joseph has a real estate board 
of thirty members, always alive to the best interest of the city. St. Joseph needs 
more flat buildings, more office buildings, more store buildings, more dwellings. 
No better place in the west for a profltable investment than right in hustling, 
bustling, enterprising St. Joseph. 

Mo. — 19 



290 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



ST. JOSEPH HOSPITAL 




ENSWOBTH HOSPITAL 



St. Joseph is the wealthiest city of like population in the United States. 
There are nine incorporated banks, three national and six organized under the 
State banking laws. All of them are solid institutions, carefully and prudently 

managed. Their capital and re- 
sources of directors and stock- 
holders, give them a first class 
standing in the financial world. 
The city has many splendid 
residences. In architectural de- 
sign, in furnishings, and in at- 
tached well laid out grounds 
they are not equalled in any 
western city. These residences 
are outside the business district and are located 
on the most attractive heights, from which the 
finest views can be had of the surrounding country. 
St. Joseph has several well-planned places of 
amusement : The Tootle theatre, Lyceum theatre. Lyric 
theatre. Crystal theatre, and Lake Casino. All reli- 
gious denominations are represented in St. Joseph. It 
is plain to those conversant with the religious and moral 
situation, that it can not be excelled in this country by any 
other large city in the west. St. Joseph ranks as 
one of the great Catholic centers of the United States. The Methodist Epis- 
copal church, Presbyterian, Christian, Baptist and Methodist Episcopal South; 
Episcopal, Jewish Synagogue, Cumberland Presbyterian, Congregational, Lu- 
theran, Seventh Day Adventists, Christian Scientists, Evangelical Synod, The 
Reformed Church. They are largely represented with buildings of fine modern 
architecture and congregations of large membership. The Salvation Army and 
the Young Men's Christian Association are well supported. The Aged People's 
Home and the Home for Little Wanderers are benevolent works sustained by the 
Ladies Union Benevolent Association. The latter was a gift of Charles W. 
Noyes, which institution he has also liberally endowed. 

There are now three daily news^japers in St. Joseph — the Gazette, issued 
every morning of the year; the News and Press, issued every evening except 
Sunday; the Volksblatt, an evening publication in the German language. The 
Stock Yards Journal, issued every evening except Sunday, is devoted to the live 
stock market, and the Courier, issued in the morning, is devoted to court pro- 
ceedings, filings in the county record office and legal publications. Both the 
morning and evening English newspapers are members of the Associated Press. 
Both are vigorous, progressive and highly creditable publications, equipped with 
every feature necessary to modern newspaper making. They circulate exten- 
sively in northern Missouri, southern Iowa, southern and western Nebraska, 
northern and western Kansas. Of the weekly publications, the more important 
are the Catholic Tribune, The Journal of Commerce, The Union, The Unionist, 
The Spectator, The Post and The Lance. There are several high class monthly 
publications, the oldest of which is the Medical Herald^ under the editorship of 
Dr. Charles Wood Fassett, who also publishes the Medical Fortnightly. Others 
are the Western Fruit Grower and the Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, the Home 
and School Journal, and the Diocesan Messenger, and the Messenger of Peace. 

The greatest industry of St. Joseph and of most importance to her trade and 
territory is the live stock and packing industry. The city ranks fourth in the 
list of great packing centers of the world. The complete work of the builders 
of the packing houses is pronounced well nigh perfect by practical men from 
every live stock center. No improvement is contemplated at less favored 
markets without a pilgrimage to St. Joseph for the purpose of absorbing new 
ideas and up-to-date knowledge of stock yards and packing house construction. 



ST. JOSEPH. 



291 




;^a^aHwaatt! 



ON LAKE CONTBAET. 



Millions have already been expended in these substantial improvements, and 
vast sums will be expended in the future for additional packing houses and en- 
largement of yardage capacity, which assures the future of St. Joseph's packing 
and stock yards inter- 
est. The great packers 
who have sustained 
the market in such a 
magnificent manner 
and made it possible 
for St. Joseph to as- 
sume the fourth posi- 
tion among the great 
markets in the coun- 
try are. Swift & 
Company, Nelson-Mor- 
ris & Company. The 
Hammond Packing 
Company, and the 
Krug Packing Com- 
pany. Wherever Amer- 
ican meats are con- 
sumed, the products 

manufactured by these famous packers are a synonym of all that is good, pure 
and wholesome. The establishment of this great industry in St. Joseph has 
been the means of the building of a minature city of homes in the southern por- 
tion of the old city. 

The district adjacent to the stock yards and packing hoiises now possesses 
a population exceeding 12,000, and the residence and business portion, which six 
years ago was practically farm land, now represents a valuation of more than 
$2,145,000, and the demand for residences is greater than the supply. The post- 
ofiice of south St. Joseph is also a barometer of the importance of the live stock 
and packing industry to the city. The gross receipts for 1899 totaled $10,389.18, 
whereas the gross receipts for 1903 aggregated $22,456.92, or an increase of 
111.6 per cent. Nearly all trains stop at the South St. Joseph union station for 
mail, and in addition there is a street car service to the transfer station at St. 
Joseph union depot, to which are dispatched eleven closed pouches dailv. There 
is also a rural free delivery from this office, on which was delivered and col- 
lected 11,108 pieces of mail during the month of December, 1903. 

The St. Joseph Live Stock Exchange Building is the handsomest and most 
convenient structure of its kind ever erected for the convenience of the live stock 
trade. Upon this structure $125,000 was expended. It contains offices of the 
St. Joseph Stock Yards Company, the St. Joseph Stock Yards Bank, the St. 
Joseph Cattle Loan Company; all commission merchants, packers and others in- 
terested in the live stock business. 

As the packing houses of St. Joseph are the most modern, the cattle yards 
are also conceded to be without a parallel. In construction, sanitation and facil- 
ities for handling business, they have no equal. It is properly so when the rank 
of St. Joseph as a live stock market is considered. From an inconsequential 
position in the packing world in 1898, St. Joseph, in 1904, has risen to the fourth 
largest packing center in the world. In cattle, hogs, sheep and lambs, horses 
and mules, the growth of St. Joseph stock markets has been phenomenal. The 
Stock Yards Company has a capital of $1,650,000; employs 275 men. It has a 
daily capacity of 15,000 cattle, 20,000 hogs, 15,000 sheep, and 2,000 horses and 
mules. In the last five years the receipts of live stock have increased 107.7 per 
cent, and the shipments 92 per cent. The packing houses have a floor space of 
65.25 acres. The daily slaughtering capacity is 7,950 cattle, 19,500 hogs; 5,500 
sheep, and 10,000 poultry. The cost of plant and equipment, $2,635,000. The 
packing houses show an increase of 84 per cent in five years in the pay roll; 84 
per cent in amount paid for live stock; 98 per cent in the number of cars of 



292 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



product shipped, and as equally large or larger percentage of growth in other 
directions. During the last year 624,979 cattle and 599,189 sheep were received 
at the yards. The growth of St. Joseph's stock yards industry is shown geo- 
graphically when it is noted that in five years the number of cattle received has 
increased 169 per cent; the number of hogs 64 per cent; the number of sheep 393 
per cent, and the number of horses and mules 94 per cent. During the last year 
there was received at the stock yards, cattle aggregating in value $21,874,267; 
hogs, $20,406,768; sheep, $2,995,945; horses and mules, $2,058,000. 

The growth and importance of St. Joseph is indicated in striking fashion by 
the very simplicity of these statements regarding the past and present business 
of the city. It is solid and substantial with a large and hopeful future. Its trade 
territory covers sections unequaled for fertility and resource. Its people are in- 
telligent, energetic and alert, and, under the leadership of the Commercial Club 
and other organizations and individuals, St. Joseph promises to continue and 
increase the marvelous prosperity which it has known in the last few years. 







lit ^ ^ * ST, - ' 

11 ,,. n '-\\ ''-11 







'"tf^^^ 'i * 



GERMAN AMERICAN BANK. 



I.„. >,■,...... ,1 , 



i„„ ,. '::■■» 




JOPLIN, the mining metropolis of southwest Missouri, is the commercial 
center of the great lead and zinc district, which produces four-fifths of 
the entire zinc output of the United States. It is the fourth city of 
the State, having a population of 30,000, as shown by an unofficial cen- 
sus taken by the school enumerators. May, 1903. The history of Joplin 
dates from August, 1870, when E. R. Moffitt and John B. Sergeant struck a rich 
body of mineral in the Joplin creek valley, and mining commenced in real 
earnest. Joplin has had three booms, or periods of great business activity, but 
has never experienced a set-back, such as sometimes follow a great wave of 
prosperity. Her growth has been steady, every one of the censuses showing an 
increase in population, and her business, educational, religious and social side 
of life have kept pace with her rapid growth and development. 

During the year 1872, five lead smelters were built, and by 1876 the number 
of furnaces had grown to seventeen, all of which were run at full blast both day 
and night. In 1873 it was discovered that the lands contained deposits of zinc 
ore far greater in value than the lead, and the production of this mineral is the 
leading industry of the district. The lands in and around Joplin have only been 
partially developed, there being yet hundred of acres yet unprospected, and it is 
believed that the richest ore deposits have not yet been discovered. P. L. Cross- 
man, deep driller, who has sunk several drill holes 2,000 feet or more deep, says 
that at depths of from 400 to 600 feet there are still richer deposits than have yet 
been developed, and it is probable that millions of dollars worth of zinc will be 
taken from old mines when the surface minerals have been mined and turned 
into money. 

The output of Joplin mines for the year 1903 amounted to $2,876,590, and 
the grand total of the entire district, including the mines of within twenty-five 
miles of Joplin, was $9,471,840, being an increase of $40,505 over the year 1902. 
There are two kinds of marketable zinc, the sulphide of zinc and the silicate of 
zinc. The first kind of zinc ore is commonly called jack, and is shipped away 
from Joplin to zinc factories where fuel is within easy reach, as it is cheaper to 
transport the zinc than ship coal. The silicate of zinc is used in Joplin and re- 
duced at the Ozark Zinc Oxide Company's works. Silicate of zinc is manu- 
factured into zinc-white and is used as a base for paint. A trifle over a seventh 
of the mineral mined in Joplin is lead, most of which is consumed by the Picher 
Lead Company in the manufacture of white lead. This is the only plant in the 
world producing "Sublimed White Lead," so called because it is made by sublima- 
tion under the patent process invented by E. O. Bartlett, the general manager of 

Photos in heading : Street Scene; Mininp Scene. 

293 



294 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




the company. This pigment is a uniformly fine white amoi'phous lead oxysul- 
phate, which, heing made direct from the ore by high heat under proper condi- 
tions, is free from all the acid effects of corrosion, does not crack or peel, and 
has a stability which is unequalled. Use and test for many years have demon- 
strated its superiority to all white leads. The Picher Company now makes and 
sells 7,000 tons annually, with an increasing demand. The works are modern, 
especially equipped, and represent an investment of $250,000. 
, Besides the above production of white lead the company makes 

I 10,000 tons annually of "Missouri Soft" pig lead. 

1 Joplin is a city of self-made men, nearly every one of the 

A moneyed citizens having made his fortune there. They are 

^^ largely American born and American educated. For thirty years 

^^k there has never been a strike or labor disturbance to mar the 

^^^% natives' good name. 

Mining, though the leading occupation of the 
people of Joplin, is not the only one. In addition 
to the many and varied trades and business, there 
are ten wholesale houses, eleven large foundries 
and machine shops (one covering over three 
blocks of ground), six factories, including a bak- 
ing plant covering four blocks, a coffee roasting 
works, a 200-barrel flouring mill, and numerous 
other commercial institutions. Six banks, one 
building and loan association and a trust com- 
pany represent the financial interests of the city. 
The capital of the banks amounts to $340,000 
and the deposits aggregate $2,624,584.73. The 
loans, discounts, bonds and stocks of these insti- 
tutions amount to over $2,050,000, and the undi- 
vided profits and surplus January 1, 1904 foot up 
$528,351.40. The financial stability of Joplin can best be told by the statement 
that there is not a dollar's worth of bank stock on the market. A block of $20,- 
000 worth of stock of one of the banks recently sold for 185. One of the banks 
is a United States depository. 

Saturday night in Joplin is a sight worth going miles to see. All the banks 
of the city are kept open from 7 until 8, and over $100,000 is paid out from the 
several counting rooms. Then the operators receive pay for the week's turn in, 
and miners and other laborers are paid their week's wages. From 8 o'clock 
until midnight the stores are crowded with people making purchases, paying the 
week's grocery bill, laying in supplies for the next week, and "swapping experi- 
ences." Fully one-fourth of the week's business in the stores is transacted on 
Saturday night. 

Joplin has splendid telephone service; the Home Telephone Company has 
1,100 'phones in the city and 1,650 free connections in the neighboring towns, 
and the M., K. & T. Company has 900 city 'phones and connections all over Mis- 
souri, Kansas and the Indian Territory. Both companies have long distance 
connections. The city maintains a splendid system of public instruction. There 
are fifteen well-built and thoroughly-equipped school buildings, presided over by 
a competent corps of 116 teachers. Graduates from the high school are admitted 
to the State University, Harvard, Yale, Columbia and other institutions of learn- 
ing without examination. In addition to the public school system, Joplin sup- 
ports a college and ladies' seminary, the latter being under the supervision of the 
Sisters of Mercy. There are seven ladies' clubs which devote the hours of meet- 
ing to literary pursuits. 

The religious sentiment of the city is very pronounced, there being twenty- 
five churches of various denominations. The Y. M. C. A. of the city also accom- 
plishes much good. It maintains a club building costing $20,000, and has in 
connection therewith a well equipped gymnasium, library and auditorium. 



JOPLIN CLUB. 



JOPLIN. 



295 



Zmc MINED IH THE 

UniTED STATES 

1903 




OUTPUT OF zmc, 

FROM 

JOPLIH AHD 

VICIMITY 




$12500 000 0-0 



$ 10000000.°-" 



In the fraternal way and socially Joplin ranks high. Each of the great fra- 
ternities has strong organization. The Scottish Rite Masons have a commodious 
and elegantly appointed cathedral, and degrees up to and including the thirty- 
second degree are conferred in this beautiful rite. The Odd Fellows number over 
1,100 members and are building a $30,000 hall for the use of their several bodies. 
The Elks are building a handsome $25,000 club building. When finished it will be 
the most complete in detail and appointments of any building of the kind in 
southwest Missouri. The Eagles and Knights of Pythias both have formulated 
plans for building. Fraternal insurance societies number over 4,000. The Jop- 
lin Club, an organization of business men, has been a powerful agency for good 
in the building up of the city. 

Joplin is well supplied with transportation facilities. The Frisco- 
Memphis system, the Missouri Pacific, Kansas City Southern and the Mis- 
souri, Kansas & Texas all have lines running into the city, with a total 
of forty regular passenger trains a day and a freight business of over 400 cars 





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CO 03 CC 


1876 


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o 

2 


ra 
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0) 

V ■ 


30,O00 
















/ 


26.023 














J 




13,452 












/ 






9,991 


















7,890 








^00*^^ 










7,554 






/ 












4.200 




4 


/ 












2,707 




/ 














- - O 



GROWTH OF JOPLIN SINCE THE FOUNDATION OF THE CITY. 



296 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




wHiiJlii_ml!iii||r!iii 







l.llllf 



^^jff 



MINERS BANK. 



each week. Joplin has also a splendid electric railway service, with lines run- 
ning to all the neighboring cities and towns and to the important mining camps 
in the district. Joplin is particularly fortunate in the stability and excellence 
of its streets, roads and highways. They have been builded under the Hud- 
son special road law. 

The waste material from the mines is used for road making and railroad bal- 
last. During the past ten years the streets and roads have been built in a sys- 
tematic way. In the city there are in addition to three and one-half miles of 

brick and asphalt streets, one hun- 
dred and twenty miles of gravel 
macadamized roadways, smoothed 
and compacted by a fifteen-ton 
roller, and since 1896, the special 
road district of Joplin has spent 
$103,000 in building and repairing 
the suburban roads leading into the 
city. During the past five years over 
fifty miles of new roads in the neigh- 
borhood of Joplin have been built. 

The Cunningham Park, a bower 
of beauty in the southwest portion 
of the city, a gift to the people by 
the mayor, T. W. Cunningham, is a 
popular pleasure resort. This plot 
of ground, covered with trees and 
shrubs, comprises fifty-six lots and 
is in easy reach of the street car 
line. It is contemplated soon to expend a considerable sum of money on this 
resort by the construction of a lagoon and also an auditorium for the use of 
summer Chautauquas and lodge celebrations and conventions. Joplin has a 
good system of waterworks. There are in the city forty-eight miles of water 
mains, and the daily consumption is over 2,000,000 gallons. The filtering plant 
has a capacity of 5,000,000 gallons daily, and as the city grows the supply can be 
increased. A recent chemical analysis of the water of the city showed it to be 
97.5 pure. The city owns its electric light plant, which is managed by a non- 
political board of public works. The gas works has a plant which cost $300,000, 
and has a capacity of manufacturing 5,000,000 cubic feet daily. 

On account of its location and natural 
resources, Joplin is destined to be one 
of the great cities of the State. It is es- 
pecially fitted for a distributing point, be- 
ing the center of the great mining district 
of southwest Missouri and southeast Kan- 
sas. In a radius of ten miles from Joplin 
there are eleven towns and cities ranging 
from 500 to 2,000 inhabitants and making 
a population in the aggregate of over 80,- 
000. All of these cities and towns are 
connected by electric railway lines. 

One of the old-time Joplin miners re- 
cently described to a visitor from the east 
to the Joplin district: "We make a living 
on both sides of the land, on top and be- 
low; we raise fifty-three crops a year, one 
of garden truck, berries and fruit from 
the land, and fifty-two crops a year from 
below the surface, a turn in of lead and 
zinc each week." 




SCOTTISH RITE CATHEDRAL, JOPLIN. 








s 



PRINGFIELD is the Queen 
City of the Ozarks. Its his- 
tory dates from the year 
1830, though it was not un- 
til 1870, in which year the 
St. Louis & San Francisco railway reached Springfield that the city 
began its remarkable growth. While in 1870 the population of Springfield 
was 7,500, it was in 1900 23,267, and there are now fully 33.000 inhabitants 

I" I in Springfield, including the compactly settled territory directly 

adjoining the incorporated lands. Springfield's commercial position 

can best be judged by what she is and by the character of the tributary territory. 
The city is 238 miles from St. Louis, 202 from Kansas City, 282 from Memphis 
and 177 from Fort Smith. Its wholesale trade covers at least one half of an 
area 350 miles east and west by 150 miles north and south, and amounts to over 
ten million dollars a year. Add to this the output of the factories, most of 
which is shipped out, the sum is $17,500,000. 

A significant feature of this section is its steady and rapid development. 
The new residences erected in 1900 were not less than 400. and most of these 
were fine buildings. Many new manufacturing enterprises were started last 
year, and others will be established this World's Fair year. The best feature, 
after all about Springfield is the beautiful homes of her people. These Spring- 
field homes are placed in large lots with grounds shaded with maple, oak and elm 
trees. 

Altitude has an important bearing upon the healthfulness and the products 
of a country. Official figures give the altitude of Springfield at 1,345 feet. As 
the surrounding country is also high, here is nature's sanitarium. Unquestiona- 
bly, there is no more desirable all the year round climate, or a section of greater 
diversity for the production of fruit, vegetables, grain and grass than the country 
surrounding Springfield. The city is fortunate in having good natural drainage, 
and having added thereto 32 miles of excellent sewers. It has 25 miles of brick 
paved, macadam and gravel streets, and 100 of brick sidewalks. The city is 
noted for its healthfulness; diseases especially fatal to children have never pre- 
vailed; malaria is unknown. 

Springfield rates fourth among the Missouri cities in postal receipts, 
which have increased nearly $25,000 in six years. One thousand one hundred 
families surrounding Springfield are served with daily mail delivery from the 
federal government's $150,000 postoffice building. 

The city has eight banks with deposits more than twice as large as any 
other city in the State except St. Louis, Kansas City and St. Joseph. The 
amount of deposits in the St. Joseph and the Springfield banks was at the last 
report over $5,600,000. 

Springfield is a railroad center. The Frisco, one of the greatest systems in 

America now allied with the Rock Island operating together 15,000 miles, have 

seven lines into Springfield with sixty-four freight and passenger trains daily. 

The city is division headquarters of the Frisco. The main shops are located 

here. The Frisco Hospital is in Springfield, and the annual pay roll of the 

Photos in hiading : Street Scene; Commercial Cluh Building. 

297 



298 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



2,000 railway employes aggregate $2,500,000. Nearly $1,500,000 is received at 
the Springfield railway stations, passenger and freight business yearly. The 
arrival and departure of trains are so arranged that citizens can leave in the 
morning, ride 150 miles, more or less as business may require, have plenty of 
time for their work, and return home the same day. The city is within six hours 
by rail of St. Louis, the same of Kansas City, eight hours of Memphis, ten hours 
of Oklahoma City and eighteen hours of Chicago. It is estimated that 400 trav- 
eling men reside in Springfield. 

The people of Springfield, Greene county, of which Springfield is the county 
seat, are strong supporters of their public schools which are in excellent work- 
ing order. It is the fourth city in Missouri in the number of pupils enrolled, 
having 7,465. Drury College is a notable educational institution. The college 

grounds comprise 
35 acres. The nine 
buildings cost for 
erection $200,000. 
The college has a 
productive endow- 
ment of $250,000, 
and at present an 
enrollment of 415 




students. There are two Catholic 
schools; the Loretto Academy and St. 
Joseph School. The Springfield Nor- 
mal School, the Queen City Business 
College, Clark's Shorthand Business College, have large enrollments. 

The Carnegie Library constructed in 1903 at a cost of $50,000 is maintained 
from the public funds. Springfield has churches of all denominations; the aggre- 
gate value of the church edifices exceeds $500,000 with a membership of nearly 
8,000. 

Springfield Club House, costing $30,000, is one of the treasures of the city. 
The building is delightfully located, and its membership reaches the strongest 
and most progressive citizens. The Baldwin Theater costing $100,000 is the 
best arranged and most beautiful theater in any city in Missouri outside of the 
three great cities. Doling Park is a favorite and beautifully kept summer resort. 
There are several country lodges near the city in the neighborhood abounding 
in rare and beautiful scenery. St. John's Hospital is a beneficent institution. 
There are two daily newspapers in Springfield, the Leader-Democrat and 
the Republican. The Express and Sunday Tradesman are weekly, while the 
Practical Fruit Grower, the Sunny South, the Policy Holder, the Opportunity 
and the Baptist News are monthly. 

Springfield is well supplied with telephone systems. The Home Telephone 
Company, has 1,555 telephones in operation. The Missouri and Kansas Telephone 



SPRINGFIELD. 



299 



Company, a branch of the Bell Telephone has in operation about a thousand 
telephones. The Springfield Waterworks Company, a private corporation, takes 
its supply from deep springs three miles from the city, and furnishes pure and 
abundant water. Its present capacity aggre- 
gates 100 gallons per capita. The Gas and 
Electric Company has its plant equipped with 
modern apparatus, and is giving unexcelled 
service. There are two street railways in 
Springfield. The Springfield Traction Com- 
pany, with sixteen miles, and the Kickapoo 
Electric Line, with two and one-half miles of 
operated track. The total assessed valuation 
of the city of Springfield is $7,107,110, with 
an indebtedness of but $156,000, provided for 
by sinking funds, with a city tax of 90 cents 
on the $100 valuation. 

Fruit growing is the 
leading interest of the 
Ozark country. Spring- 
field is practically the 
center of the great 
Ozark district. In orch- 
ards and berry planta- 
tions hundreds of thou- 
sands of dollars are in- 
vested in this region 
and much more will be 
invested within the im- 
mediate future. Train 
loads of apples are ex- 
ported direct from 
Springfield to Europe. 

Buyers from all the leading markets of the United States, England and Germany 
come to Springfield for information and supplies. Two cold storage houses, 
holding 65,000 barrels of apples, and numerous canning factories and fruit 
evaporators have been erected in Springfield and the neighboring region. 

There are three 

LOVAN 

SADDLERY 

COMPANY. 



extensive wholesale 
poultry farms in 
Springfield, doing an 
annual business of 
three quarters of a 
million dollars. 
There is no better 
section for raising 
poultry. 

Springfield ob- 
tains her coal from 
eastern Kansas, and 
semi-anthracite from 
Arkansas. The wood 
supply comes from 
the immediate coun- 
try Surrounding the 
city. The headquar- 
ters of the Armour 
R e f r i g erator car 
lines for all the 






BALDWIN THEATRE. 

YOUNG men's 
CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
BUILDING. 




300 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




ox EAST WALNUT STREET, SPKINGFIELD. 



southwest country are in Springfield. The Springfield Furniture Company em- 
ploys ninety men, with an annual business of $150,000. In the manu- 
facture of lime, Springfield leads the State. The Marblehead Lime Company had 
an output last year of $85,000, and employed sixty men. 

Springfield is a great market for hay and grain. It is a natural distributing 
point. The prosperity rests largely upon the manufacturing and wholesale busi- 
ness. The wholesale dealers include: Springfield Grocer Company, $150,000; 
McGregor-Noe Hardware Company, $300,000; Upham-Gordon Company, $100,000; 
Rogers-Baldwin Hardware Company, $150,000; Springfield Hat Company, $40,000; 
Crighton Provision Company, $50,000; Keet-Rountree Dry Goods Company, $200,- 
000; Swift and Company, Poultry, $25,000; Simmons-Burks Clothing Company, 
$60,000; Blain-Seamans Grocer Company, $40,000; Springfield Seed Company, 
$20,000; Stewart Produce Company, $10,000; M. Scharff and Brother, $40,000; G. 
D. Milligan Grocer Company, $250,000; J. Altchul, Jr., and Company, $75,000; 
Hobert Lee Tie and Lumber Company, $100,000; Springfield Candy Company, 
$15,000; Springfield Produce Company, $7,500; International Harvester Company, 
Springfield Paper Company, $10,000; Southwestern Paper Company, $20,000; 
Martin Brothers, Pianos, $75,000; Hall-Pipkin Drug Company, $50,000; Armour 
Packing Company; A. Rebori Fruit Company, $35,000; total, $1,822,500. Tele- 
graph and telephone companies, $6,000. The leading manufactories are: Spring- 
field Wagon Company, $75,000; Springfield Furniture Company, $75,000; United 
Iron Works, $650,000; John F. Myers and Son Milling Company, $150,000; Wun- 
derlich Cooperage Company, $10,000; Link Milling Company, $50,000; Stone 
Milling Company, $350,000; Springfield Ice and Refrigerator Company, $150,000 
Springfield Brewing Company, $75,000; Queen City Ice and Refrigerator Com' 
pany, $40,000; Marble Lead Lime Co., $100,000; Anchor Room Works, $3,000 
Eismayer-Sanford Saddlery Company, $60,000; Lovan Saddlery Company, $150, 
000; Springfield Crystallized Egg Company, $50,000; H. D. Silsby Stove Works 
Jess & Sturdy Carriage Makers, $12,000; Woods-Evertz Stove Company, $50,000 
Jewell Publishing Company, $10,000; Springfield Bottling Works, $12,000 
Moore Manufacturing Company, $25,000; Young, Nayne and Kearby Mf'g Com- 
pany, $6,000; Davis Planing Mill Company, $15,000; Anheuser-Busch Brewing 
Company; total, $220,000; grand total, $2,049,300. 

With a progressive population and splendid natural facilities, Springfield's 
future as the metropolis of the Ozark region is assured. 




SEDALIA, the sixth city in size in Missouri, is the county seat of Pettis 
county. It is essentially a railroad shop and manufacturing city, with 
the advantages which accrue in addition as a result of being located in 
one of the richest agricultural districts in the west. 

Named for a daughter of General George R. Smith, Sedalia was in- 
corporated by act of Legislature, February 15, 1864. It is located about two and 
one-half miles from a point where lines! from the opposite corners of the State 
intersect. The city covers about six square miles and its site was a high rolling 
prairie, now covered with thousands of trees. The population by the census 
of 1900 was 15,231. The growth since the census has been steady at the rate 
of about 1,000 each year. 

Notable among the attractive features of Sedalia are the beauty and finished 
condition of its 80 miles of streets, avenues and boulevards. The municipal 
policy adopted in the early history of the city of planting trees on all streets 
has resulted in giving the appearance of its being located in a forest. Over 
thirteen miles of paved streets have been laid. The business streets which carry 
the main traffic and heavy trucking are paved with vitrified brick on a concrete 
foundation. The residence streets are generally paved with either Trinidad rock, 
or California asphalt. The municipality owns a public park, well located, beau- 
tifully ornamented, with assembly hall, speed-ways and baseball grounds. Forest 
Park with large refreshment hall, band stand and every convenience has been 
recently opened in the southern limits of the city. 

Sedalia draws its water supply from the Lamine river. The water is pumped 
from settling reservoirs which hold sixty-five million gallons of water, and forced 
through filters. The city has constructed a complete system of sewerage at an 
expense of nearly $125,000. The natural drainage of Sedalia is admirable. The 
fire department, equipped with modern means of fighting fire, affords adequate 
protection. The Pettis county courthouse, costing $100,000, paid for in twelve 
years, is a magnificent stone building situated in the center of the entire square 
in the heart of Sedalia. The city hall is a handsome two-story brick building, 
costing $40,000. The government postoffice building is a fine pressed brick and 
cost $50,000. The public library building is a beautiful structure of white terra 
cotta and Carthage marble in the pure Greek style of architecture. It was 
erected in 1900 as a gift of Andrew Carnegie. The library is supported by a 
tax upon the assessed wealth of the city. The total assessed valuation of Sedalia 
is $5,000,000. The city hospital is a substantial structure. The Missouri, Kan- 
sas & Texas railway system maintains a large well-equipped hospital in Sedalia. 
Twenty-four church buildings, representing the leading denominations, are 
found in the city. 

Photo in heading : Pettis County Courthouse. 

301 



302 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



BUSINESS 
BLOCK. 




SEDALIA 
POSTOBFICE. 



The public school system of 
Sedalia stands high and has met 
with the praise and approval of 
those competent to judge. There 
are ten school buildings. The 
high school has a four years' 
course, and is articulated with 
every academic course at the 
State University. The George R. 
Smith College for colored people, 
and two large and flourishing 
business colleges have large at- 
tendance. 

The daily press is repre- 
sented at Sedalia by the Capital, 
a morning republican paper, and 
by two evening papers, the Dem- 
ocrat and the Sentinel, both 
democratic. Besides there is a 
German weekly paper and a 
weekly social paper, and the 
daily papers each publish a 
weekly newspaper. 
There are three electric plants in Sedalia selling light and power, and light- 
ing the streets, also a steam heating plant, which from a central station fur- 
nishes steam heat through underground pipes laid in the streets to most of the 
buildings in the business part of the city and a large part of the residence dis- 
trict. 

Four electric street car lines radiate from the business section to every 
part of the city, and have aggregate length of twelve miles. There are two tele- 
phone systems in the city, the Bell and the Queen City, and both have long dis- 
tance connections. 

The main line of the Missouri Pacific Railway Company runs through the 
city and it has a line from Sedalia to Kansas City also by way of Lexington. 
The main line of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Company from St. 
Louis to Galveston, Texas, also goes through Sedalia, and it has two branch 
lines from Sedalia, one to Hannibal and one to Kansas City and Paola, Kansas. 
The Sedalia, Warsaw and Southwestern Railway runs from Sedalia south 
to Warsaw and will eventually be extended to Springfield and Arkansas. 
The coach shops of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad and the repair 
shops of the Missouri Pacific Railroad are both located at Sedalia, and at each 
are employed about 300 men. The Missouri Pacific Railway Company has just 
located its general shops at Sedalia, which will soon be built at an expense of a 
million and a half dollars and will employ over two thousand employees. These 
shops will increase the population of the city within two years 10,000. 

With railroad lines radiating from Sedalia in eight directions it is naturally 
becoming a jobbing point of considerable importance. About thirty firms 
engaged in wholesale business are doing a business of over two million dollars 
per annum. For the same reasons manufacturing has begun in the past few 
years, and 35 factories employing about 600 operatives with an aggregate in- 
vestment in plants of $1,564,000 are marketing an annual output of over one 
million dollars, and paying wages to the amount of about $15,000 per month. 

The prominent characteristics of Sedalia and Sedalians are civic pride, pub- 
lic spirit, liberality and progressiveness. Under an original system, peculiar to 
this locality, all the city officers and members of the school board are divided 
equally between the two great parties, the nominations of either party, however, 
not being effective until ratified by the opposing party, the conventions of both 
parties meeting separately at the same time in the same building for this pur- 
pose. Every indication points to Sedalia's phenomenal growth. 




HANNIBAL, the metropolis of northeast Missouri, is a substantial and 
beautiful city of 16,000 inhabitants. Here in 1846 was held the 
first public meeting west of the Mississippi river to promote the 
building of a railroad between that great river and the Pacific 
ocean. In 1855 the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad was opened 
for through traffic, and Hannibal began its continual growth. In 1870 the Wa- 
bash railroad was built to Buffalo. In 1871 a bridge across the Mississippi river 
was finished, and the same year the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railway was 
completed, thus giving to Hannibal a through line to the east, to central Missouri, 
to Texas, and the Gulf of Mexico. In 1878 the St. Louis and Hannibal railway 
was opened to traffic, giving to the city two independent passenger and freight 
lines to St. Louis and the south. 

The site of Hannibal was not selected by accident. It is located along the 
river, and on the north slope of a fertile valley and the surrounding hills. The 
neighboring farming counties are reached from Hannibal by extensive systems 
of free rock and gravel roads. The drives in the city are famous. One, over- 
looking the Mississippi river and the great valley beyond, leads to the famous 
"Mark Twain" cave in which "Tom Sawyer" lost his way. Another to the north, 
one-half way between the water and the hill top, brings into view the noble 
river, here and there studded with green isles, with the Illinois heights rising 
from its opposite shore. 

The city was a pioneer in municipal ownership of public utilities. In 1887, 
it established the first municipal electric light and power plant in Missouri. 
Cheap electric power is supplied to manufacturers, and all comers are offered 
this remarkable inducement. The tax rate is low in Hannibal, being for city 
purposes but 60 cents on the one hundred dollars valuation. The United States 
Circuit Court, and the United States District Court for the Eastern Judicial 
District of Missouri, hold each two terms a year in Hannibal. The city is well 
organized municipally with a non-partisan board of public works and the machin- 
ery necessary to good government. Its postoffice receipts indicate its commer- 
cial expansion. In four years they have grown over thirty per cent. Withii: 
four years, four important mail trains, two rural free delivery routes, and two 
sub-stations have been added to the postoffice facilities. 

Hannibal is strong financially, not having had a bank failure in twenty 
years. Her four banks have a capital stock of $230,000, have gained in surplus 

Photos in heading: Two views of city; Mississippi River Bridge. 

303 



304 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




LOVEBS* LEAP, 



and undivided profits over 45 per cent in fourteen months, and 
over 18 per cent in deposits. Hannibal citizens, as a rule, own 
their own homes. Four prosperous building and loan associations 
have helped to this good end. The assessed valuation of four 
million dollars, or an actual valuation of ten million dollars, in- 
dicate the worth of Hannibal property. In 1900, according to the 
federal census, the city had a population of 12,790; while in June, 
1903, the population is shown by actual count to be 16,529, a gain 
of over 30 per cent in two years. 

The topography of the site is such as to afford the best pos- 
sible natural surface drainage, which has been aided by a com- 
plete system of sewerage, that drains into the Mississippi river, 
and insures freedom from accumulating refuse. There are many 
miles of splendidly paved streets and avenues, in the construc- 
tion of which the natural drainage has been systematically aided, 
insuring at all times a remarkably clean city. To the exceedingly 
favorable climatic conditions prevailing at Hannibal, the abund- 
ant supply of good water and good drainage, is attributable the 
exceedingly low death rate and the almost total absence of typhoid 
fever and similar diseases. 

The water supply at Hannibal is taken from the Mississippi 
river, the water plant being owned and operated by a private 
corporation. The pump station is located on the river but one 
mile above the city, with filtering appliances and storage 
reservoirs. The plant has a pumping capacity of eight mil- 
lion gallons daily, and a storage capacity of seventeen and one-half million 
gallons. There are 21 miles of delivery pipes and 160 miles of double fire 
hydrants. The water as delivered to the consumer is clear and wholesome and 
the water rates reasonable. 

The Hannibal gas plant is owned by a private corporation. The gas which 
it furnishes for fuel and light is at the ordinary rate in cities comparatively 
situated. The Hannibal Railway and Electric Company, a private corporation, 
operates four and one-half miles of electric road, affording rapid transit for all 
principal parts of the city, and enabling men of moderate means to occupy 
homes in the suburbs. 

Hannibal has the advantage of being located on the Mississippi river, that 
great regulator of freight rates, and enjoys the distinction and the benefits of 
having more railroads and better passenger and freight traffic facilities than 
any other city located on the Mississippi river between St. Louis and St. Paul. 
Hannibal, as a railway center, possesses numerous advantages not enjoyed by 
any other city of equal size and importance in the west. With the exception of 
St. Louis, there is not a city of 10,000 inhabitants and upwards, that is anything 
like so favorably located. This city is practically on the same rate basis to all 
points as St. Louis. It has the same rates as St. Louis, to all points in the east 
and northeast, to the north and northwest, to the west and southwest, and prac- 
tically the same to the lower Mississippi valley and the southeast. There are 
four different systems entering the city, with five trunk lines (see map) leading 
in every direction. 

The river transportation is an important factor, boats plying regularly be- 
tween Hannibal and St. Louis, and Hannibal and all river towns and cities north, 
to and including St. Paul. On account of the river grade of the St. Louis, Kan- 
sas and Northwesdern, it is possible to haul longer trains and with less expense 
than is possible on any other railroad in the State. For this reason, the freight 
rates between St. Louis and Hannibal are the lowest in the State and consid- 
erably less than that fixed by the Missouri statutes. 

There are one hundred and twelve factories in Hannibal, besides the great 
Burlington and other railroad shops, which are factories of a most profitable 
and desirable character. The employes of these concerns number over four 
thousand, and are paid in wages annually a sum in excess of three and a half 




HANNIBAL. 305 

million dollars. The wonderfully rapid growth in the number of factories in 
Hannibal, the capital invested in them, the value of the annual output, the 
number of employes and the annual pay 
roll was over one hundred per cent dur- 
ing 1902 and 1903, yet the growth has 
been of a substantial and permanent 
character, and the year 1904 promises 
even greater gains, as is indicated by the 
new buildings and extensions already un- 
der way. 

The business men of Hannibal, antic- 
ipating the growth of manufacturing in 
the central west, and especially in the 
cities on the Mississippi river, and fur- 
ther anticipating the rise in value of Han- residence of j. j. cruikshanks. 

nibal real estate, took advantage of a 

liberal offer to sell, made by the owners, and purchased a tract of land of 33 
acres, situated within six blocks of the Union Station, for the purpose of giving 
it away as sites for factories desiring to locate in Hannibal. The tract of land 
has a frontage of 2,000 feet on the main line of the great Burlington railway 
system, and 4,000 feet on the main line of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas rail- 
way, and is accessible to the Wabash and other roads. Splendid switching 
facilities, in connection with these great railways, can be had. Several large 
manufacturing plants have recently located on this tract of land and are pros- 
pering. The board of directors of the Business Men's Association, holding the 
title to the land, will be glad to entertain a proposition from any firms or indi- 
viduals desiring to locate a new factory, or contemplating moving factories now 
in operation elsewhere, to the city. 

Among the notable manufactories of Hannibal are flour, boots and shoes, 
cigars, lime, and cement. Hannibal has long been famous for the rare quality 
of its flour. The Roberts, Johnson & Rand Shoe Company, The Bluff City 
Shoe Company, and the Hannibal Shoe Company sent out last year 1,500,000 
pairs of shoes. The first named, with the addition under construction, will be 
the largest shoe factory in the west outside of St. Louis, having an annual ca- 
pacity of 2,000,000 pairs of shoes. There are 12 cigar factories, employing 125 
men. The Duffey-Trowbridge Stove Foundry manufactures over 53,000 stoves 
annually, valued at $350,000; has a yearly pay roll of $120,000 for 225 men. 
The larger part of the tonnage of the Burlington railway system is carried on 
car wheels made by the C. A. Treat Manufacturing Company of Hannibal. The 
Bear Creek White Lime is of marvelous purity. Three firms have a capacity of 
50,000 barrels of lime annually. The city is a wholesale center for lumber. 
There are three large planing mills. The Atlas Portland Cement Company of 
Pennsylvania has erected at Hannibal the largest and most complete Portland 
cement plant in the world, with a capacity of from eight to nine thousand barrels 
of Portland cement daily, which means that the outgoing freight from this im- 
mense industry alone is seventy car loads daily, while the freight received by it, 
which is mostly coal, will average thirty cars daily. The company employed 
1,600 men during 1903 and paid them in wages the sum in excess of $850,000. 

On account of the central location and superior shipping facilities which 
Hannibal enjoj^s, the wholesale business in many staple lines has long been 
profitable, and there are now twenty-one firms doing a wholesale inter-state com- 
merce business. The following lines are represented: Groceries, drugs, paints, 
oils, furniture, lime and cement, lumber, stationery and blank books, stoves and 
hardware, produce, cigars, tobacco and liquor. The retail interests of Hannibal 
are in a fiourishing condition. There are now 523 firms doing business in the 
city; an increase of 53 in two years. Cold storage is a comparatively new vent- 
ure. A plant recently constructed has a capacity of 50,000 barrels of apples. 

The churches, schools, and various public buildings at Hannibal are of the 
highest order of excellence and efficiency. There are ten well furnished and 

Mo — 20 



306 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




MAP SHOWING CENTRAL LOCATION OF HANNIBAL AND ITS SHIPPING FACILITIES. 



well equipped public school buildings. The new high school under construction 
is to be the pride of the city. The Evangelical Lutheran Parochial School, The 
St. Joseph Academy, Catholic, and Hannibal Commercial College, are doing much 
for education. Hannibal's Free Public Library was one of the first in the State to 
be established and maintained from public revenue. The John H. Garth Memo- 
rial Library building recently donated to the city, is one of the most complete in 
the west. All religious denominations are represented by large and aggressive 
churches or congregations. There are two daily newspapers in Hannibal: the 
Morning Journal and the Evening Courier-Post. The Standard Printing Com- 
pany has a large business extending into several States. 

Hannibal is particularly rich in fine public buildings. The county court 
house, which is constructed of unexcelled limestone; Levering Hospital, donated 
by A. R. Levering, is maintained from public funds; the John H. Garth Memorial 
Library building is a gem of architecture; the United States Government build- 
ing was one of the first built in the west. The Park theater is an admirable 
place of amusement. 

There are two commercial clubs in Hannibal, working harmoniously for the 
promotion of the commercial interests of the city: the Business Men's Associa- 
tion and Merchants' Association. The Country Club is a generous patron of ama- 
teur out-door athletics. The Labinnah or "Hannibal Club," is purely social in 
character, owns a splendid building, and is influential in the city's social affairs. 

Hannibal is now an important city of manufacturing and industrial activity, 
having been made so by those who appreciated her superior advantages. In the 
immediate future, as the great manufacturing institutions of the east move to 
the center of population and wealth, which is along the Mississippi river, a move- 
ment which is now on, and which will grow in importance in the near future, 
Hannibal will expand by leaps and bounds as she has never done before. With 
her natural advantages as a commercial and industrial center, with the spirit of 
enterprise which permeates and dominates all classes of her citizens, her expan- 
sion in the next few years will be on a scale calculated to amaze those who are 
not familiar with the trend of industrial development in the Mississippi valley, 
and especially the peculiarly favorable conditions which surround the railway 
and commercial center called Hannibal. 



r ' ._^pf ' 




-_J 



JEFFERSON CITY 



JEFFERSON CITY, the capital of Missouri, also the county seat of Cole- 
county, is situated in the geographical center of the State. It is upon 
the south bank of the Missouri river, which is here spanned by a bridge. 
It is a city of 12,000 people (census figures, 9,664) and has a large and 
growing manufacturing business. Within the city are located the State 
capitol, the penitentiary, the supreme court. The Missouri Pacific railway has 
large interests, which contribute directly to the city's importance as a wholesale 
manufacturing point and indirectly to the retail trade of the town. Manufactur- 
ing of shoes is a prominent commercial feature. Ten thousand pairs daily is 
the combined output of the five factories. Overalls, beer, wine, brick, fiour, are 
made, and one of the largest saddle-tree factories in the world is here located. 
The Tribune Printing Company gives employment to fifty people and does 
printing for several States. As the capital city of its State, biennial sessions 
of the General Assembly are held in Jefferson City. Matters of State: and of 
courts bring a large transient business to the hotels, of which there are sev- 
eral of first class character. A notable feature of the city is its schools and 
libraries. The high school is one of the best in Missouri, and in connection there- 
with is a well selected reference library. The law library, maintained at the ex- 
pense of the State is frequented by lawyers from all over Missouri. It is one 
of the best of its kind to be found in the United States. Carnegie library has 
recently been established. It is a city institution with open doors. Lincoln In- 
stitute, State school for negroes, has a strong library in connection. There are 
also several valuable private libraries. Jefferson City is located upon the bluff 
side of the river. Its main street lies upon the summit of the bluff paralleling 
the stream. The business streets are nearly all paved with vitrified brick. All 
the streets have wide asphalt or brick sidewalks, and in the residence portion, 
large trees line the drives one either side. The city has a thorough system of 
waterworks, electric lights and gas. Few towns have better system of drainage- 
There are many fine homes. The newspapers of Jefferson City are: Missouri 
State Tribune, Cole County Democrat, Jefferson City Press, Missouri Volksfreund, 
Republican, Jefferson City Post and Missouri School Journal. There are five 
banks with $3,000,000 in deposits. The federal government has constructed a 
handsome building for postoffice and courts. 

An act of Congress, passed March 6, 1820, authorized the organization of 

Missouri as a State and made a grant of four undesignated sections of public 

land as a capital site. The first State legislature, elected in anticipation of the 

admission of Missouri to the Union, convened in St. Louis on September 20, 

Photo in heading : State Capitol. 

307 



- fn ' ' ; ' 7-y-^ 



308 THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

and appointed as commissioners to make the capital location, John Thornton, 
of Howard county; Robert G. Watson, of New Madrid; John G. White, of Pike 
county; James Logan, of Wayne county and Jesse B. Boone, of Montgomery 
county; the latter named died soon afterward and was succeeded by Daniel 
M. Boone, of Gasconade. The commissioners met in May, 1821, at Cote Sans 
Dessein (now Barkersville), Callaway county, which place contested with the 
new town of Marion, in Cole county, for the location. The rival claims were 
disregarded and the present site was chosen. St. Charles was the seat of the 
State government until the completion of the State House at Jefferson City in 
1826. This building was erected by Daniel Colgan at a contract price of $25,000. 
It was rectangular, of brick, two stories high, without ornamentation and stood 
on the site of the present executive mansion. It was burned in 1837 and a 
new edifice was begun the same year and completed in 1842 at a cost of $350,000. 
Much of the stone used in its construction was taken from the bluffs overlooking 
the river and the massive pillars were from the Callaway county quarries. In 
1887-8 it was enlarged and made practically a new building at a cost of $250,- 
000. It has a frontage of 310 feet and varies in width from 80 to 110 feet, the 
least of these dimensions being of the old central portion and the greater that 
of the newly added wings. The center sustains a dome of 130 feet above the 
roof. Other State buildings are the executive mansion, erected in 1872, at a 
cost of $75,000; the supreme court building; the armory; the penitentiary, afford- 
ing room for 2,500 convicts. This institution is self-supporting and is noted 
for its excellent discipline. At various times the question of capital removal has 
been agitated, and in 1896, the legislature submitted to the people an amendment 
to the constitution, providing for the establishment of the seat of government at 
Sedalia. At the election in November, 1896, however, the proposition was de- 
feated by a vote of 334,819 against it to 181,258 in its favor. 

The municipal history of Jefferson City begins four years later than its 
designation as the seat of State government. It was incorporated November 
7, 1825, its territory being defined identically with that of the government site. 
This organization was not made effective and later in the same month, it was 
incorporated as the town of Jefferson City with Elias Bancroft, Samuel L. Hart, 
Thomas Miller, Reuben Garrett and Henry Shields, as trustees. In 1839 a city 
organization was effected with Thomas L. Price as the first mayor. 

The Cole county courthouse is of handsome architecture, built of Jefferson 
City limestone for foundations and Carthage stone walls. It is 78 by 118 feet 
in size and its dome is 137 feet above the street level. The city hall was the 
gift of Major J. M. Clark. St. Peter's School (Catholic) has a substantial build- 
ing. The German Evangelical and German Lutheran schools each have fine 
buildings. 

Jefferson City was named for the great statesman, then living, who wrote 
the Declaration of Independence and acquired the Louisiana territory for the 
United States. It is 125 miles west of St. Louis, stands 123 feet above high 
water mark of the Missouri river, in most picturesque situation with a splendid 
view of the stream and the country beyond. 



■r ■■ ■■ 7 i£}T . , 

life' E? f ■ ^ I ' 



CARNEGIE LIBRARY. 









CARTHAGE, the county seat of Jasper county, with its surpassing nat- 
ural attractiveness, handsome residences, stately business blocks, 
shady avenues, magnificent court house, pretty lavi^ns, and enchanting 
park, is the most beautiful city of its size in America. 

Its population in 1890 was 7,981; in 1900, 9,416. It now has 
12,000 inhabitants, and is the seventh city in Missouri in population. The cli- 
mate is particularly delightful. The death rate is 8.61 pen cent, the lowest of 
any city in the United States. The exceptional healthfulness is due to the high 
altitude of Carthage, its clear atmosphere, fine natural drainage, perfect sewer- 
age, pure water, and rigid enforcement of sanitary laws. It is located on a 
woodland eminence in the geographic center of Jasper county, and is 150 
miles south of Kansas City and 300 miles southwest of St. Louis. It is 1,200 feet 
above the level of the sea. 

Carthage is in the heart of the great lead and zinc district of southwest Mis- 
souri, and the growth and prosperity of the city are due largely to the mining 
development of the district. The richest deposits of mineral and some of the 
best producing mines in the district are at Carthage. Near Carthage are twenty 
producing mines, employing 300 men. 

In the production of apples, peaches, and pears, the Carthage district is equal 
to any in the Ozark uplift, while in the production of berries, it is without a peer. 

Carthage is an important railway center. It has the Missouri Pacific, St. 
Louis and San Francisco, Carthage and Western, and the White River branch of 
the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern. These lines afford quick freight and 
passenger traffic with Kansas City, St. Louis, and other points north and east and 
open to Carthage merchants and manufacturers markets in Kansas, Arkansas, 
Oklahoma, and the Indian Territory. The Frisco system operates an inter-urban 
pa&senger service between Carthage and other cities of the southwest Missouri 
mining district. The White River railroad is a direct route from Carthage to 
Memphis, Tennessee. The division of this road is located in Carthage. Hun- 
dreds of railway employes make Carthage their home and the vast amount of 
money they receive each month contributes to the prosperity of the city. Car- 
thage is the eastern terminus of the Southwest Missouri Elctric Railway. This 
cheap and rapid transit system brings the people of the southwest mining dis- 
trict into close commercial relationship. 

The chief product of Carthage is building stone. It is a crystalline white 
limestone of superior durability and matchless beauty. For building purposes, 
either rough or dressed, it has no equal, and it is specially adapted for trim- 

Photo in heading : Jasper County Courthouse. 

309 



310 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



mings, pavements, and monuments. Seven companies are engaged in quarry- 
ing and finishing Carthage stone, employing 300 men, with a monthly pay roll 
of $15,000. 

Carthage has well-paved, 
well-kept streets. Its side- 
walks are of brick and sawed 
stone. The municipality 
owns and operates an elec- 
tric plant which lights the 
streets of the city and fur- 
nishes light to private con- 
sumers. A private corpora- 
tion manufactures gas. Car- 
thage has a 
complete and 
perfect sewer 
system and 
a thoroughly 
equipped, paid 
fire depart- 
ment. 1 1 re- 
'ceives its wa- 
ter supply 
:f r m Spring 
driver, a never- 
jfailing, crystal 
stream flowing 
Iby the city. 
TIhe water is 
freed from all 
impurities by perfect filtration. 

In the center of the public square of Carthage is the Jasper county court 
house, of Carthage stone, and costing $100,000. In architectural symmetry and 
stately beauty it has few equals. Central Park, a ten-acre tract in the heart of 
the city, and Chautauqua Park, Carter's Park, and the Carthage Driving Park, 
picturesque woodlands embellished by art, in the suburbs of Carthage, are de- 
lightful places for recreation. 

Carthage has a $15,000 modern hospital, a monument to the untiring efforts 
of the P'aithful (Carthage) Circle of the King's Daughters; a $25,000 public 
library, the gift of Andrew Carnegie; two daily newspapers, the Morning Dem- 
ocrat, democratic, and the Evening Pi-ess, republican. 

Carthage has four mills with a daily capacity of 1,200 barrels; ice and cold 
storage plant; factories, machine shops and wagon, furniture, canning, mattress, 
bedsprings, and other factories. Twenty-two church buildings are in Carthage. 
The city maintains five ward schools; a central school, a high school, and a 
school for colored children. It is now erecting a $75,000 high school building. 
The Carthage Institute, under Presbyterian control, with building and grounds 
valued at $40,000, does collegiate work. The city also has a prosperous commer- 
cial college and a conservatory of music. In Carthage exists the pioneer Amer- 
ican Civic Improvement Association. The Carthage Chautauqua is a permanent 
and successful institution. The Carthage Commercial Club is a strong and 
potent commercial organization. 

The Carthage lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks has a 
club house costing $20,000. Neither intoxicating drinks or games of chance are 
allowed on the premises. Free use of the buildings is granted the Commercial 
Club for meeting, and the Woman s Club for receptions. 

Few cities in America offer so many advantages for home building as the 
beautiful, progressive, hospitable city of Carthage. 





WEBB CITY lies in the center of a fertile agricultural district in the 
midst of the Missouri-Kansas zinc and lead fields. Two main 
trunk lines, the Missouri Pacific, and the San Francisco systems 
enter the city, which, at the present time, is the most important 
freight center on these two systems in the entire State, with the 
exception of St. Louis and Kansas City, more freight being handled by these 
railroads at this point than at any other city in the State with the exceptions 
mentioned. 

Webb City has fine educational facilities. In addition to good public schools, 
the Great Western Business and Normal School is located here. This institu- 
tion is one of ten of its kind in the United States. The public road system of 
Webb City is unexcelled. Webb City has the largest and most complete retail 
establishment in the State south of Kansas City and St. Louis. There are twelve 
church edifices within the city limits. The city is modern; well lighted with 
electricity, has excellent water and sewerage system and efficient fire department. 
It is headquarters of the Southwestern Missouri Electric Railway, which has a 
plant valued at $300,000, and a local salary list of more than $125,000. Immense 
deposits of white limestone of excellent quality for building are found within 
the city limits. Two banks with total deposits of more than $750,000 afford 
banking facilities. There are two daily newspapers in Webb City, the Sentinel 
and the Register. The city is a fine field for factories and other business invest- 
ments. 

The Webb City and Carterville mining districts' sales during the last ten 
years have amounted to $23,000,000. The miners are Americans (recruited from 
the farms, the offices and the colleges), a foreigner being almost unknown in the 
zinc fields; and, as the "miner" of to-day may be the "operator" of to-morrow, 
miners' unions are not found here. The zinc and lead ores being found at such 
shallow depths (from ten to two hundred feet) this district has long been known 
as the "poor man's mining country." The oldest mining company, the Center 
Creek Mining Company, has mined and sold zinc and lead ore to the value of 
almost $7,000,000 since it began operation, from less than 100 hundred acres of 
land. The life of mining in this district is not limited to a few years, as the 
history of the production amply shows. The companies which have been for 
years in existence are still among the largest producers, and promise to continue 
so for years to come. 

photo in headiny : Wehb City Mining Scene. 

311 



312 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Webb City is in 
Jasper county, 16 5 
miles south of Kan- 
sas City and 318 miles 
southwest of St. 
Louis. It immediately 
adjoins Carterville; 
attempts have been 
made to consolidate 
the two cities but 
without success. Its 
water mains, c o m - 
pleted in 1890, at a 
cost of $120,000, take 
water from Center 
creek, two miles north 



POWERHOUSE AT LAKESIDE SOUTHWEST MlSSOUIil 

ELECTRIC RAILWAY. 

Of the city. The city officials are in the city hall, a commodious two-story 
building. The high school is articulated with the State University. The Com 
mercial Club is an active and influential organization. 

The plat of the city 
was recorded September 
11, 1875, by John C. Webb, 
owner of the land upon 
which it was located. Nu- 
merous additions were made 
and the town was incorpor- 
ated December 8, 1876, as a 
city of the fourth class; 
the first permanent organ- 
ization was effected Decem- 
ber 15, following. In April, 
1890, it became a city of the 
third class with Thomas J. 
Herrington as the first 
mayor. In 1873 John C. 
Webb discovered lead while 
plowing on the site of the 
present city and in 1877 
systematic mining was be- 
gun. 




WEBB CITY BUSINESS BLOCK. 



i i Nij l glijH il ,jMily i ,1 J ii jj ' CT 




liOVER3.000 




■^ 



■u^m&^y^'mam&mB' 






"-^■■-'--- 1 



MOBERLY (population 8,012), county seat of Randolpli county, is a 
busy railroad center. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas, and the 
Wabash railroads intersect here. The main shops of the Wabash 
west of the Mississippi are located in Moberly. Randolph is the 
leading coal county. In Moberly are large manufactories of paving 
and building brick. 

St. Charles (population, 7,982), county seat of St. Charles county, is twenty- 
three miles west of St. Louis, on the Wabash and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas 
railways, and on the Missouri river, which is here crossed by two bridges. Here 
are extensive car and bridge works, manufactories of car materials and tobacco. 
Lindenwood College (for women), Sacred Heart Convent and St. Charles College 
are located here. 

Nevada (population, 7,461), county seat of Vernon county, 107 miles south 
of Kansas City, is located on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas and the Missouri 
Pacific railroads. It is surrounded by fine agricultural country. Mining in vi- 
cinity and State Hospital for the Insane is here. 

Independence (population, 6,373), county seat of Jackson county, is ten miles 
east of Kansas City, with which city it is connected by the electric railway and 
the main lines of the Chicago & Alton, and Missouri Pacific railroads. It is a 
beautiful residence city, has extensive business interests and is surrounded by a 
fertile and highly improved country. 

Chillicothe (population, 6,905), county seat of Livingston county, 95 miles 
northeast of Kansas City, is an important railroad center. It is on the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul, Hannibal & St. Joseph, and Wabash railroads. The sur- 
rounding county is a fine stock and general farming region. The State Industrial 
School for Girls is located here. 

Aurora (population, 1900, 6,191), is a thriving city in Lawrence county, in 
the southwest, on the St. Louis & San Francisco railroad. It has large and grow- 
ing business interests. The locality is favorable to fruit. Important lead and 
zinc mines are in the vicinity. 

Kirksville (population, 5,966), county seat of Adair county, is on the Wabash 
and Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City railroads. It has manufactories of wagons, 
buggies, and handles, is situated in a fertile grain and fruit section. Productive 
coal mines in vicinity. Tl^e State Normal School is located here. 

Carterville, incorporated as a city in 1882, lies in the richest lead and zinc 
mining district in the world. It is a modern progressive city of nearly 6,000 
inhabitants, with property of an assessed valuation of $2,145,000. It is on the 
Frisco line, Missouri Pacific railway, and the Granby Extension, and the South- 
west Missouri Electric Street railway. It has fine schools, modern churches, a 

313 



314 THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

a bank with a capital of $50,000; i-epresentative business houses, electric lights, 
waterworks, and electric street railway, and two telephone systems. The Carter- 
ville special road district, comprising six miles square, maintains well graded 
and macadamized roads leading into the city from every direction. The Carter- 
ville lead and zinc mining district embraces about five miles square, and has pro- 
duced more ore per square mile than any like territory in the world. In the 
Carterville district there are 66 thoroughly equipped steam concentrating mills, 
each employing an average of twenty-five men, besides numerous hand-jig opera- 
tors and prospecting outfits. 

Columbia (population, 5,651), county seat of Boone county, in center of 
State, on spurs of Wabash and Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroads. It is 
center of fine stock, orchard and general agricultural section. Its interests are 
chiefly educational. The State University, two large female colleges, the Mis- 
souri Bible College, and two academies are located here. 

De Soto (population, 5,611), is in Jefferson county, 43 miles south of St. 
Louis, on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern railroad, which has its 
main repair shops here. Manufactories of flour and agricultural implements are 
located here. 

Brookfield (population, 5,484), on the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, in Linn 
county. This railroad has its repair shops here. There are also important fac- 
tories. In the neighborhood are large coal mines, and the region is excellent 
agriculturally. 

Trenton (population, 5,396), county seat of Grundy county, 98 miles north- 
east of Kansas City, on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, and Quincy, Omaha & 
Kansas City railroads, has leading interests, mercantile and manufacturing. 
Here are railroad repair shops. 

Louisiana (population, 5,131), in Pike county, 94 miles northwest of St. 
Louis, on the Chicago & Alton 
(which crosses the Mississippi 
river on a bridge here), the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy, and 
the St. Louis, Keokuk & North- 
western. Leading manufactories 
are tobacco, sash, doors, lumber, 
lime, stone quarries. Extensive 
nurseries and one of the largest 
cement plants in the United 
States are here. 

Mexico (population, 5,099), 
county seat of Audrain county, 
on the Chicago & Alton and Wa- 
bash railroads, is an important 
busiiness center; has a large 

trade in fine horses and cattle. residence w. a. daughekty, cartekviixe. 
Manufacture of fire brick, stove 

linings, carriages, and flour. Hardin College for young women, and Missouri 
Military Academy, for young men, are located here. 

Marshall (population, 5,086) county seat of Saline county, on the Chicago 
& Alton and Missouri Pacific railroads, is in the center of an extremely rich and 
well Improved agricultural section. The Missouri Colony for the Feeble Minded 
and the Missouri Valley College (under the control of the Cumberland Presby- 
terians) are located here. 

Clinton (population, 5,061), county seat of Henry county, 87 miles southeast 
of Kansas City, on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, St. Louis & San Francisco, 
and Kansas City, Clinton & Springfield railroads, has thriving business interests, 
especially flouring mills. Coal is produced in vicinity and agriculture is a lead- 
ing industry. Baird College, for young women, is here. 





THE State of Missouri is divided into 114 counties and the city of St. 
Louis, which city is counted for purposes of administration as a 
county. 
The statistics on the following pages refer, in text as in table, 
to the total 1902 products of the county and to the aggregate 
number and value of the county's live stock. Where the text makes these figures 
refer only to exports instead of total products and value it is incorrect. The 
tables were prepared by Hon. G. B. Ellis, Secretary of the State Board of Agri- 
culture. 



COUNTY, COUNTY SEAT AREA 



COUNTY, COUNTY SEAT AREA 



Adair, Kirksville ' 561 

Andrew, Savannah 420 

Atchison, Rockport 532 

Audrain, Mexico 680 

Barry, Cassville 790 

Barton, Lamar 590 

Bates, Butler 874 

Benton, Warsaw 820 

Bollinger, Marble Hill 610 

Boone, Columbia 680 

Buchanan, St. Joseph 417 

Butler, Poplar Bluff 702 

Caldwell, Kingston 426 

Callaway, Fulton 830 

Camden, Linncreek 702 
Cape Girardeau, (same) 570 

Carroll, Carrollton 686 

Carter, Van Buren 506 

Cass, Harrisonville 712 

Cedar, Stockton 491 

Chariton, FCeytesville 740 

Christian, Ozark 551 

Clark, Kahoka 404 

Clay, Liberty 407 

Clinton, Plattsburg 417 

Cole, Jefferson City 390 

Cooper, Boonville 562 

Crawford, Steelville 747 

Dade, Greenfield 493 

Dallas, Buffalo 530 

Daviess, Gallatin 531 

DeKalb, Mayville 420 

Dent, Salem 768 

Douglas, Ava 809 

Dunklin, Kennett 531 

Franklin, Union 880 

Gasconade, Hermann 518 

Gentry, Albany 492 

Greene, Springfield 668 



21 


728 


17 


332 


16 


SOI 


21 


160 


^5 


532 


18 


253 


10 


141 


16 


556 


14 


650 


28 


642 


121 


838 


16 


7'^9 


16 


6s6 


25 


984 


13 


113 


24 


315 


26 


4'!'; 


6 


706 


23 


636 


16 


923 


26 


826 


16 


939 


I-; 


3«3 


18 


903 


17 


362 


20 


57« 


22 


532 


12 


959 


18 


I2S 


13 


903 


21 


32'; 


14 


418 


12 


986 


16 


802 


21 


706 


30 


,581 


12 


,298 


20 


.554 


5^ 


,713 



Grundy, Trenton 432 

Harrison, Bethany 730 

Henry, Clinton 740 

Hickory, Hermitage 408 

Holt, Oregon 460 

Howard, Fayette 450 

Howell, West Plain 907 

Iron, Graniteville 555 

Jackson, Independence 607 

Jasper, Carthage 632 

Jefferson, Hillsboro 687 

Johnson, Warrensburg 835 

Knox, Edina 504 

Laclede, Lebanon 729 

Layfayette, Lexington 604 

Lawrence, Mt. Vernon 612 

Lewis, Monticello 500 

Lincoln, Troy 613 

Linn, Linneus 620 

Livingston, Chillicothe 532 

McDonald, Pineville 523 

Macon, (same) 828 

Madison, Fredericktown 495 

Maries, Vienna 530 

Marion, Palmyra 432 

Mercer, Princeton 451 

Miller, Tuscumbia 597 

Mississippi, Charleston 417 

Moniteau, California 410 

Monroe, Paris 666 

Montgomery, Danville 514 

Morgan, Versailles 612 

New Madrid, (same) 654 

Newton, Neosho 629 

Nodaway, Maryville 864 

Oregon, Alton 787 

Osage, Linn 606 

Ozark, Gainesville 747 



SU 



17,832 
24,898 
28,055 

9,985 

17,083 

18,337 
1,834 
8,716 

195,193 
84,018 

25,712 
27,843 

13,479 
16,523 
31,679 
31 ,662 

16,724 
18,352 

25,503 
22,302 

13,574 
43,018 

9,975 

9,616 

26,331 

i4;7o6 
15,187 
11,837 

15,931 
19,716 
16,571 
12,175 
1 1,280 
27,001 
32,938 
13,906 
14,096 
12,145 



COUNTY, COUNTY SEAT AREA 



Pemiscot, Caruthersville 509 12,115 

Perry, Perry ville 468 15,134 

Pettis, Sedalia 685 32,438 

Phelps, Rolla 677 14,194 

Pike, Bowling Green 620 25,744 

Platte, Platte City 410 16,193 

Polk, Bolivar 633 23,255 

Pulaski, Waynesville 532 10,394 

Putnam, Unionville 518 16,688 

Ralls, New London 480 12,287 

Randolph, Huntsville 489 24,442 

Ray, Richmond 561 24,805 

Reynolds, Centerville 830 8,161 

Ripley, Doniphan 623 13,186 

St. Charles, (same) 456 44,474 

St. Clair, Osceola 705 17,907 

Ste. Genevieve, (same) 493 10,359 

St. Francois, Farmington 460 24,051 

St. Louis, Clayton 483 50,040 

St. Louis city 61 555,238 

Saline, Marshall 820 33,703 

Schuyley, Lancaster 302 10,840 

Scotland, Memphis 453 13,232 

Scott, Benton 416 13,092 

Shannon, Eminence 993 11,247 

Shelby, Shelbyville 509 16,167 

Stoddard, Bloomfield 833 24,669 

Stone, Galena 509 9,892 

Sullivan, Milan 648 20,282 

Taney, Forsythe 648 10,127 

Texas, Houston ii57 19, 192 

Vernon, Nevada 839 31,619 

Warren, Warrenton 410 9,919 

Washington, Potosi 744 14,263 

Wayne, Greenville 770 15,309 

Webster, Marshfield 579 16,640 

Worth, Grant City 264 9,832 

Wright, Hartville 673 17,519 



l3^^IFi_^ 





THE county of Adair is distinguislied for the Missouri State 
Normal School; Dr. Still's American School of Osteopathy; 
live stock; coal. It lies twenty miles south of Iowa and forty 
miles west of the Mississippi river. First District Normal 
School was founded at Kirksville in 1870. Purpose: to fit 
teachers for public schools. Academic course offers five years each in English 
Language and Literature; Latin, Mathematics; four years in Ancient, Mediaeval, 
Modern, English, and American History, and in German Language and 
Literature; two years in Biology; one year each in Physical Geogra- 
phy, Agriculture, Experimental Inorganic Chemistry, Experimental Organic 
Chemistry, General Inorganic Chemistry, Experimental 
Physics and General Descriptive Physics. Average at- 
tendance, 750. Twelve thousand volumes have recently 
been added to the well-equipped, modern library. 
Manual Training, Shop Work and Di-awing, Art, Music 
and Physical Culture, School Management, Pedagogics 
and History, and Philosophy of Education supplement 
academic work. Twenty-six teachers. Osteopathy had 
its birth in the American School of Osteopathy, estab- 
lished 1892, which now has 1,651 graduates, in every 
State, Canada, Honolulu, Japan, Australia, and New 
Zealand. Enrollment averages 575; average patients 
at hospital, 400. Cattle lead in total value; corn, 
horses and mules, hay and hogs next in order. Coal 
output, 312,403 tons. 

Land: — Square miles, 570; acres, 364,800; improved 
farms, 240,892 acres; number of farms, 2,696; average 
size, 118.4 acres; total valuation, $6,352,850. One-half 
— the west — was once covered with oak, hickory, elm, 
ash, hackberry. More than half was oak. A stationary 
saw mill at Kirksville and twelve portable mills have 
cleared more than half this land. West of a line north 
to south to Kirksville, thence swinging southwest- 
wardly to a point two miles east of Chariton river, where 
it crosses the south line, the surface is rough and even 
bluffy in places, extending thus, with some few excep- 
tional ridges of prairie between the streams in the 
southwest, to the west line of the county. Scattering tracts of the roughest land 
are here found at $15 an acre. The average price per acre of the west half is $40. 
Photos in heading ; Courthouse ; Normal School No. 2, Kirksville. 
316 



ADAIR COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT | VALl'E 


Corn 


76,645 


2,906,080* 


!? 886,355 


Wheat 


2,190 


47,085 * 


28,250 


Oats 


4,'; 33 


160,932* 


411,230 


Hav 


59,110 


83,755 t 


4.55,155 


Forage 


7,535 


8.350 t 


41,750 


Broom Corn 


21 


15,300 i 


495 


Grass Seed 




6,417* 


8,985 


Tobacco 


£4 


15,640 + 


1 ,565 


Potatoes 


929 


139,350 * 


34,840 


Vegetables 


840 




35.360 


Total 1 1 1 $ l,.5:«,985 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | VALUE 


Cattle 


36.539 


1 1.105,455 


Horses 


11,713 


780,865 


Mules 


1,334 


79,440 


Asses and Jennets 


101 


9,360 


Sheep 


6,361 


18,785 


Swine 


36,3.51 


363,510 


Chickens 


143.7731 




Turkeys 
Geese 


5,187 1 
3,650 r 


108,415 


Ducks 


2,995J 




Swarms of Bees 


2,4t;5 


7.395 


Honey 


7.-,850 t 


9,170 


Wool 


35,234 t 


4,040 


Milk 


2,431.068 ( § 


177,216 


Butter 


485,494 i t 


Eggs 


761,330 II 


95,165 


Total 1 1 8 2,762,836 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Dozen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 



ADAIR COUNTY. 



317 




Farms are not as well improved 
as in the east half. The east por- 
tion is prairie, gently rolling, 
uniform in productive value. Or- 
dinarily land sells at $30 to $50. 
Within four miles of Kirksville 
$50 is the average until within a 
mile of town, where prices reach 
$80 to $100. 

Minerals: — There are three 
veins of coal, ranging in depth 
from surface to 175 feet, and in 
thickness from thirty-six t o 
forty-three inches. Active mines 
are at Novinger, Danforth, Con- 
nellsville, Fegley, Stahl and Cas- 
tle. Men employed, winter, 
1,038; summer, 788. Limestone is 
found along the Chariton. Fire 
clay underlies coal in veins of 
four feet. 

Manufactories: — Wagon factory, handle factory, hay-stacker factory, two 
cigar factories, and two flouring mills at Kirksville; flouring mills at Stahl and 
Gibbs; grist mill at Brashear. 

- Dairying: — Patterson's Dairy, eight miles east of Kirksville, has 100 cows. 
This industry is rapidly increasing among farmers. Butter brings 17 to 25 cents 
per pound. 

Transportation: — Direct railroads to St. Joseph, Kansas City, St. Louis. 
Mileage within the county: Wabash, 23.73; Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City, 31.94; 
Santa Fe, 10.28; Iowa & St. Louis, 23. County makes special appropriations for 
dirt road improvement; this is largely supplemented by private subscription. 

Schools: — State Normal School, American School of Osteopathy, Kirksville 
Business College, Kirksville High School, and four ward schools, at Kirksville, 
approved by the University of Missouri. 

Towns:— Kirksville, county seat, has electric lights, waterworks, sewerage, 
telephone connections with surrounding country. Supported by schools and farm- 
ing. Western county towns, Novinger, Danforth, Stahl, are mining places. Bra- 
shear, Gibbs, Millard, Bullion are farming centers. 

Livestock: — Fine blooded Shorthorn, Hereford, Polled-Angus, and Galloway 
cattle; all kinds of horses; Berkshire, Poland-China, and Jersey hogs; Cotswold 
and Merino sheep are raised. 

Population and Finance: — White, 21,412; colored, 316; American born, 21,- 
233; foreign born, 495; total, 21,728. Farm homes owned, 1,887; rented, 762; 
town homes owned, 1,026; rented, 1,004; total, 4,679. County tax. 50 cents; school 
tax: from 10 cents to $1.30; average, 41; total assessed valuation, $5,550,000; 
assessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, 40 per cent. No county nor town- 
ship debt. 

Newspapers: — Kirksville Democrat, Express, Journal, Graphic, Theocrat. 
Journal of Osteopathy; Brashear News. 




ANDREW 




ANDREW COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels, t Pounds. 
t Tons. § Gallons. 



VARIETY in agricultural and horticultural production and situation 
with reference to markets, are the leavening of Andrew county. 
The first gives account for its vanguard position in corn, vegetables, 
fruit and live stocli. Proximity to wholesale and retail markets 
makes its towns desirable factory locations and encourages fancy 
farm production. Savannah, county seat, is twelve miles north of St. Joseph. 
County embraces 420 square miles, 268,800 acres of land surface, of which 222,- 
664 acres are in high state of cultivation. Number of farms, 2,562; average size, 
104.5 acres; of total valuation, $9,584,235. Corn production exceeds one and a 
jthird million dollars a year, and cattle value is in 
slight ascendency to this. Hogs amount in value to 
almost a million dollars. Horses and mules, and dairy 
products are considerable. 

Population: — White, 17,112; colored, 220; Ameri- 
can born, 16,575; foreign born, 757; total, 17,332. Farm 
homes owned, 1,750; rented, 762; other homes owned, 
720; rented, 528; total families, 3,760. 

Finance:' — County tax, 53 cents; school tax, 56 
cents; total assessed valuation, $7,318,123; assessed val- 
uation per cent of actual valuation, 25; no county debt; 
no township debt. 

Timber: — One-half of the surface was primevally 
timbered with black oak, white oak, walnut, cotton- 
wood, elm and hickory. Five-sixths of this one-half has 
been cleared. Portable saw mills furnish hardwood 
lumber at $16 to $20 per thousand. Cordwood, $4 to 
$4.50. 

Minerals: — Limestone for foundation purposes is 
found two and one-half miles northeast of Savannah. 

Land: — Twenty per cent of the land is bottom, ad- 
joining the Nodaway, One Hundred and Two, and 
Platte rivers, which flow southwardly through the 
county, the first forming the western border until it 
empties into the Missouri; and along the Missouri 
river west of the bluff which is marked by Kansas City, 
St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad. Bottom along the 
Missouri river overflows once in six or eight years, and may be had for $40 an acre. 
High bottom land, which almost wholly includes that along the small streams, 
will average $70 an acre. One-third of it sells at $50, and the remaining 





ACRES 


1 TRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


97,342 


4,-375,890 * 


$ 1,378,405 


Wheat 


5,400 


1 10,700 ♦ 


63,650 


Oats 


7,864 


216,160* 


56,300 


Hay 


2.5,830 


38,745 t 


193,735 


Forage 


4,640 


6,185 t 


30,925 


Flax 


m 


15* 


15 


Clover Seed 




735* 


3,990 


Grass Seed 




2,800 * 


4,340 


Tobacco 


5 


4,500 t 


4.50 


Potatoes 


1,978 


296,700 * 


71,210 


Vegetables 


l,28o 




52,150 



I $ 1,855,060 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



Cattle 


43,889 


1 1,393,890 


Horses 


11,168 


744,535 


Mules 


2,244 


168,300 


Asses and Jennets 


104 


10,400 


Sheep 


4,784 


15,947 


Swine 


79,308 


793,080 


Chickens 


152.0631 




Turkeys 
Geese 


3,364 [ 
3,877 r 


139,405 


Ducks 


1,925 J 




Swarms of Bees 


3,135 


8,545 


Honey 


104,500 t 


13,065 


Wool 


22,760 t 


3,795 


Milk 


3,399,558 1 § 


329,005 


Butter 


603,433 \ t 


Eggs 


967,560 II 


120,945 



I $ 3,640,912 



Dozen. 



Photos in heading : 
Factory. 



Farm Scene on Missouri River; Stoce, Product of Savannah 
318 



ANDREW COUNTY. 



819 



i-COUNTY 




COUNTY I 



one-sixth at $100. Soil is 
three to six feet deep, black 
loam of varying atomic 
weights. Drawing a line east 
and west three miles north of 
Savannah, strips of land 
north and south trend, meas- 
uring east and west, a total 
of twenty-two miles, are high 
rolling prairie, strips being 
divided by the three rivers 
and their branches, which are 
centers of bottom strips lined 
with bluffs. Farms on these 
strips are finely improved, 
and levelest portions bring 
$95 an acre. One-half of this 
land may be bought at $65 
an acre; one-fourth of it at 
$50. Soil is black prairie loam, 
two or three feet deep. On 
the roughest, along the rivers, 

soil thins from eight to fourteen inches through erosion. South of the dividing 
line and west of One Hundred and Two river, the land is of a bluffy nature, but 
sells on an average with the balance. It is finely improved. Farms are smaller 
than elsewhere, and a great deal of fruit is raised for St. Joseph and Kansas City 
fresh and cold storage markets. In proof of its superior producing value, this 
section, in hand of our Kentucky forefathers, was once practically one large field 
of hemp. East of One Hundi-ed and Two river the surface is more even. Land 
sells at a price equal with the balance. Soil is more shallow, but proximity to 
St. Joseph makes up therefor. 

Manufactures: — Stoves, farm harrows, wagons, canning factory products, 
flour, cigars, and brick are manufactured. Howard Stove and Manufacturing 
Company, at Savannah, established three years, manufactures a smoke consum- 
ing heater. Seventy-five men are employed. St. Joseph freight rating is had. 
Roller mills are located at Savannah, Bolckow, Whitesville, Rosendale. Bolckow 
has a tile plant, and Flag Springs a distillery. 

Transportation:— Three lines into St. Joseph and Kansas City. Miles of 
roadbed taxed: Chicago & Great Western, 23; Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council 
Bluffs, 18.44; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, 12. 

Schools: — High school at Savannah, is upheld by graded school system. 
New $30,000 modern building erected this year. 

Towns: — Savannah, electric lights, waterworks, $85,000 court house; 
churches costing from $12,000 to $18,000; twenty-two acre park; two railroads to 
St. Joseph. Bolckow, tile factory; Rosendale, Whitesville, Fillmore, Rea, and 
Amazonia, all farming centers. 

Newspapers: — Savannah Democrat, Reporter, Republican; Rosendale Sig- 
nal; Whitesville Banner; Fillmore Lever. 




ANDREW COUNTY APIABY. 




ATCHISON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



ATCHISON is the extreme northwestern county. It is a leader in agri- 
culture and stock raising. It is the land of big barns and bulging 
granaries, and large, sleek herds; of fine homes both in country and 
town; of good schools and churches. The county area is 560 square 
miles, or 358,400 acres, of which 302,117 acres are included in im- 
proved farms. There are 2,149 farms, of an average size of 156.6 acres, and an es- 
timated actual value of $14,572,275. 

Timber: — Timber amounting to one-eighth of the county area originally 
grew upon the Missouri river bluffs and in thin strips along the other streams. 
This timber has been removed, but owing to artificial culture of groves, the tim- 
ber acreage is as great as primevally. Then it was walnut; red, white and black 
oak; crab apple, elm, maple, cottonwood, wild cherry. Now it is maple and elm 
and walnut. 

Minerals: — A sandbank near Rockport supplies local trade. Coal has been 
found near Fairfax. The Missouri river bluffs are not generally outcropping 
with stone, but are clay surfaced and even. 

Land:^ — Almost one-third of Atchison county is 
Missouri river bottom land. This soil is alluvial to 
endless depth, adapted to corn, wheat, oats, rye; to any 
and all vegetables and cereals. The bulk of these level- 
lying farms are available at $45 to $55 per acre; one- 
fifth, second bottoms, bordering the boundary hills, $80; 
a less amount, subject to overflow, $30. Rounding the 
bottoms is a strip of loess knob lands, varying in 
width from one to two miles. These hills sometimes 
rise from all sides at a sixty degree angle — veritable 
mountain peaks in miniature — to 150 or 250 feet above 
the adjacent land. This character of land is porous to 
great depth and is, therefore, especially adapted to 
fruit tree growth. Little improved, it can now be had 
at from $20 to $30 per acre. Still eastwardly the hills 
recede to billowy prairie, broken only occasionally by 
small streams of a southward flow. One-half of the 
prairie farms bring $75; three-tenths can be bought at 
$60; and one-fifth, in proximity to Tarkio and Rockport, 
are worth $100. There are numerous $5,000 farm resi- 
dences, and several have been erected at a cost of $10,- 
000. Corn is the staple product. The most extensive 
farmer in Missouri lives at Tarkio, in Atchison county. 
He owns 35,000 acres of high prairie land. Last year 
this farmer grew more bushels of corn than did seven 
American States. 

Manufactures: — The unusually large agricultural interests of Atchison and 
surrounding counties call for a local farm implement factory. Hence the loca- 

Plioto in headiny : Corn CitUivation on D. Rankin's Farm. 

320 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


184,100 


8,384,500 * 


% 2,609,620 


Wheat 


9,517 


199,860* 


114,920 


Oals 


21,5.53 


.538,835 * 


140,100 


Hay 


15,456 


30 010 t 


170,005 


Forage 


2.425 


3,235 t 


16,175 


Broom Corn 


1 


550 t 


15 


Clover Seed 




200* 


1,100 


Grass Seed 




2,575 * 


3,'.i90 


Tobacco 


3 


2,700 t 


370 


Potatoes 


1,033 


151,9.50 * 


37,190 


Vegetables 


640 




30,705 


Total 






1 3,124,175 



LIVE STOCK 


AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


52,345 


$ 1,701,210 


Horses 


11,760 


784,000 


Mules 


3,757 


281,775 


Asses and Jennets 


92 


9.200 


Sheep 


3,626 


12,085 


Swine 


119,960 


1,199,600 


Chickens 


131 ,896') 
2,586 1 

1,677 r 




Turkeys 
Geese 


101,110* 


Ducks 


4,991 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2,261 


5,335 


Honey 


75,467 t 


9,435 


Wool 


19,019 X 


3,170 


Milk 
Butter 


2,321,517 (.§ 
400,928 \ I 


151,900 


Eggs 


739,690 II 


92,460 


Total 




$ 4,351,280 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



ATCHISON COUNTY. 



321 



lion at Tarkio of the Midland Manufacturing Company, making plows, windmills 
and, as a specialty, a two-row disc or shovel cultivator. It employs 70 mechanics, 
and has contracted for 




Wagon roads cross all streams of importance 



5,000 implements for 
the spring of 1904. At 
Tarkio is located also a 
100-barrel flouring mill, 
a foundry, creamery, a 
cheese factory, and a 
brick and tile plant. At 
Rockport are located a 
canning factory, a flour- 
ing mill, a creamery, a 
book bindery. 

Railro.\ds: — Three 
railroads take care of 
the transportation: the 
Tarkio Valley Branch of 
the K. C, St. Joseph & 
Council Bluffs has 23.58 
miles; main line of 
same, 24.74 miles; and 
the Rockport, Langdon 
and Northern, 5.53 
miles, within the county confines 
on steel bridges. 

Churches and Schools: — The United Presbyterian and the Methodist 
churches at Tarkio, compare favorably with any, save costliest city structures. 
Tarkio has seven churches; Rockport six; Fairfax and Watson four each; 
and Westboro two. Tarkio College is one of the State's leading educa- 
tional institutions. It has buildings costing $85,000, and an endowment of 
$93,203.85. It comprises departments of collegiate, preparatory, normal, com- 
mercial and music. It is supported by the United Presbyterian church, and was 
founded in 1883. It has a twenty-acre campus, a main hall, library, chemical and 
biological laboratories, gymnasium, recitation rooms, dormitory for young 
women, and one for young men. Last year's enrollment was 258. Tarkio and 
Rockport are the seats of high schools approved by the University of Missouri. 

Water: — The principal streams are the Missouri river, Nishnabotna, Big 
Tarkio, Little Tarkio, and Rock ci-eeks. The county is splendidly watered by 
these and tributary creeks and perennial springs. Tarkio has an artesian well 
200 feet in depth. On the Nishnabotna is a club house at Shandy's. Fine fishing 
is enjoyed in summer at Langdon, where is a summer hotel of some pretension. 
Crappie, bass and catfish are plentiful. 

Towns: — The towns of Atchison are robust, enterprising, farming centers, 
cleanly and healthful. Tarkio, with electric lights, waterworks, sewerage, two 
telephone exchanges, and the college, is the largest. Rockport is the county seat, 
a town of electric lights, waterworks, and other modern improvements. Its 
spirit is shown in the building of a railroad costing $100,000, owned and operated 
for fifteen years by the city. Fairfax, Westboro, Watson, Phelps City and Lang- 
don are good farming towns of enterprise and good citizenship. 

Population: — White, 16,470; colored, 31; 
American born, 15,743; foreign born, 758; total, 16.- 
501. Families: owning farm homes, 1,245; renting, 
802; owning town homes, 707; renting, 616; total, 
3,370. 

The newspapers are: Fairfax Forum; Rock- 
port Journal, Rockport Mail; Tarkio Avalanche, 
Independent, World; Westboro Enterprise. 

Finance: — County tax, 55 cents; school tax 
average, 42 cents; no indebtedness. 
Mo. — 21 




]\rinLAND MANUFACTI RING COJIPANY. TARKIO. 





AUDRAIN COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



I ACRES I PKODUCT 



Total 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses anil Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of I'ecs 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 

"Total 



* Bushel; 
t Tons. 



ORSES, cattle and corn are the chief products of Audrain county. 
All towns are horse markets and every farm a stock farm. Live 
stock is high bred, and surplus sales represent an income of nearly 
four million dollars a year. Audrain has taken more horse prem- 
iums than any other county in Missouri, if not more than any other 
county in the United States. It is the home of many well reputed stables, in- 
cluding one formerly at the heels of Rex McDonald, king of saddle stallions. To- 
pographically, Audrain county is high, undulating prairie, almost without inter- 
ruption by streams or wooded strips. It lies twenty miles away from the Mis- 
souri river on the south, and about the same distance west of the Mississippi, 
where it marks the eastern boundary of Pike county. Churches and schools are 
worthy of mention among the prime elements contributory to the county's great- 
ness. Hardin College for young women, Mexico Military Academy and Mexico 
High School, all located at Mexico, and the Vandal ia High School are among the 
best institutions of their respective kinds in Missouri. 

Population: — White, 19,530; colored, 1,630; American born, 20,597; foreign 
born, 563; total, 21,160. Farm, homes owned, 1,882; 
rented, 876; other homes owned, 1,053; rented, 839; 
total families, 4,650. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on the one hun- 
dred dollars' valuation; school tax averages 38 cents; 
total assessed valuation, $9,691,342; assessment based 
upon one-third actual valuation. No county or town- 
ship indebtedness. 

Timber: — No commercial timber. Hickory, walnut, 
birch, cherry, linwood, sycamore, white oak, burr oak, 
elm, ash, hackberry, in small quantity. 

Minerals: — Coal and fire clay. The county is sit- 
uated on the eastern border of the coal belt and the 
coal formation underlies the whole county. The prin- 
cipal mines are located at Farber, Martinsburg, Benton 
City, Laddonia, and Vandalia. Annual production ap- 
proximates 33,435 tons. Vein is about thirty inches 
thick, and is found at thirty-five to one hundred and 
twenty feet below the surface. Large deposits of fire 
clay are located at many points within the county. It 
is utilized in a small way at Mexico. 

Land: — Extent in area, 680 square miles, equal to 
435,200 acres, of which 372,861 acres are in a high state 
of improvement. Blue grass is everywhere of sponta- 
neous growth. There are 2,770 farms, averaging 149.9 
acres of arable, pasture, and land of other purposes. 
Upon the basis of present selling prices, estimated that 
the farms are worth $11,406,368. Each year the income from live stock and 
cereals sold amounts to half the total worth of land. To put it otherwise: 
the Audrain county farm sells sufficient surplus product to pay for itself 
in two years. Ninety per cent of the land is high, undulating prairie. Soil 
Photos In heading: Yearling Miilrs. /,'. «. luirkncr^ Mexico; tSdddIc Stiillion, Ed Hamilton, 
Mexico: Premium Mules and Road M(i,c, IS. li. Middlckdi, 

322 



Corn 


131 .128 


4,851,550 * 


$ 1,479.725 


Wheat 


1,2.51 


17,5.55 * 


10,5:^.4 


Oats 


27 ,.5-19 


7S5.145* 


196,285 


Hay 


51,260 


81,890 t 


406,9:0 


Fora>,'e 


3,f.85 


4, .300 t 


21, mo 


Flax 


369 


2.706 * 


2,8; 


Broom Corn 


190 


95,000 X 


3,615 


Clover Seed 




15* 


100 


Grass Seed 




13,,300 * 


18,620 


Tobacco 


13 


12,350 X 


1.110 


Potatoes 


750 


102,465 * 


25,615 


Vegetables 


846 




40,690 



I $ 2,206,614 



IJVE STOCK .■\NiJ l-RODUiTh 



I NUMBEK I 



VAl.l'E 



39. 7-5 

13,601 

4,743 

212 

,3.3,51 '■ 

50,823 

163,0061 

6.049 1 

6,513 r 

1,631 J 

3,';28 

124,967 t 

131,3(0 J 

!. 345,427 | § 

410,375 \t 

799,610 II 



? 1,291, .385 
814.065 
355,725 
21,20(1 
100,5.50 
508,230 

156,525 

8,235 
1.=.,.535 
2I,89,j 

171,180 

99,955 

"$^,.594 470 



t I'ounds 
§ Galloi s 



Dozen. 



AUDRAIN COUNTY. 



523 




is prairie loam of 

depth and diira- 

b i 1 i t y . Prairie 

farms are selling 

at $45 to $50 an 

acre. Ten p e r 

cent are rough in 

comparison with 

the prairie. $25 to 

$30. Farms are 

well fenced, with good outbuildings and residences, costing from $500 to 

$5,000. Water is obtained at depths ranging from fifty to one hundred 
feet. Along the banks of South Fork of Salt river and West Fork of Cuivre 

river are frequent springs of perennial flow which supply water for live stock. 
In towns and for farm house use cisterns are most common. 

Manufactures: — These are small in Individual extent. The chief manufac- 
turing interests are those of fire brick making and the moulding of stove linings. 
Transportation:— One of the leading advantages offered by the county is 
transportation facility. Four divisions of railroads operate within the border. 
Wabash, St. Louis to Kansas City, and to Omaha; Chicago & Alton, Kansas City 
to St. Louis and Chicago; Chicago & Alton branch to Jefferson City. Mexico is a 
common point to all these divisions. 

Schools: — One of the largest, oldest and best boarding schools for young 
women in Missouri is Hardin College, under Baptist auspices. Mexico Military 
Academy is a strong institution for boys. The high schools of Mexico and Van- 
dalia are pursuing a course of study approved by the State University. 

Towns: — Mexico, population, 5,099, modern improvements; Vandalia, popu- 
lation, 1,168; Laddo- 
nia, 6 19; Martins- 
burg, 345; Farber, 
247; Rush Hill, 181; 
Benton City, 116; are 
the incorporated 
towns, all supported 
by live stock and 
farming. 

Newspapers : — 
Mexico: Ledger, In- 
telligencer, Message, 
Regular Baptist, 
Farm and Orchard, 
Modern Woodcraft: 
Vandalia Leader, 
Vandalia Mail and 
Express; Laddonia 
Herald; Farber Fo- 
rum ; Martinsburg 
Enterprise. 




AUDRAIN COUNTY THRESHING SCENE. 



^^^S^^^^^^^Mf^fP^^^^m 




HARRY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


56,27? 


1,406,925* 


$ 443,180 


Wheat 


(;5,610 


1,082,565* 


593,410 


O^ts 


6.273 


188,190* 


49,870 


Hay 


10,077 


15,510 t 


116,325 


Foragre 


2,8t;5 


3,S20 t 


19.100 


Broom Corn 


28 


15,400 t 


425 


Clover Seed 




1,300 * 


7,280 


Grass Seed 




30* 


50 


Cotton 


55 


17,875 t 


1,250 


Tobacco 


r.» 


41,600 t 


4,160 


Potatoes 


1,092 


109,200 * 


38,2-20 


Vegetables 


930 




38,975 



Total 



I $1,307,245 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 


19,742 


$ 493,550 


Horses 


8,435 


506,100 


Mules 


2,518 


176,200 


Asses and Jennets 


108 


9,720 


Sheep 


7,926 


23.780 


Swine 


28,188 


281,880 


Chickens 


118,344 1 




Turkevs 


2,689 ,' 




Geese 


4,720 1" 




Ducks 


3,422 J 




Swarms of Bees 


1,425 


4.005 


Honey 


47,500 t 


5,985 


Wool 


26,035 + 


4,340 


Milk 


2,143.390 ^ I 


178,375 


Butter 


451,327 + i 


Eggs 


692,860 II 


80,605 



Total 



.859.365 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



o 



F those Missouri counties that border Arkan- 
sas, Barry is among the foremost. It is 
twenty miles east of Indian Territory. Cli- 
mate, soil, and land-lay make it a leading 
horticultural county and lend it agricultural 
claim; relative situation gives it a prominent railroad 
division point, making it important in that regard; 
Roaring river, picturesque and powerful, and White 
river, wonderful for clarity and rapidity of current, are 
destinations of railroad excursions in summer; and 
lead and zinc secure it mineral possession. Roaring 
River Spring, besides having the qualities of a summer 
resort, supplies a stream of water in force sufficient to 
propel a woolen mill, a flouring mill, and a saw mill 
at one and the same place. Half a million dollars worth 
of wheat is exported annually, and flour shipments ap- 
proximate 4,875,000 pounds; notwithstanding but 202,- 
178 of its 518,400 acres are under cultivation. Barry is 
in the Ozark mountains, but embraces, mostly, plateau 
land. In square miles the county measures 810, includ- 
ing 3,709 farms of 91.5 acres average, under fence. Es- 
timated actual value of farms lands, $4,716,214. 

Population:— White, 25,523; colored, 9; American 
born, 24,736; foreign born, 796; total, 25,532. Farm 
homes owned, 2,670; rented, 1,033; other homes owned, 
781; rented, 734; total families, 5,218. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on the one hun- 
dred dollars' valuation; school tax from 20 cents to 
total assessed valuation, $4,287,104; assessed valuation 



$1.65, average 62 cents 

per cent of actual valuation, 33; no county debt; no township debt. 



Photo in heading 



Apple Orchard near the Frisco Railroad. 
324 



BARRY COUNTY 



325 




Timber: — In the aggre- 
gate, there is approximate- 
ly 60 per cent of Barry 
county under timber, gen- 
erally of small, second 
growth. Black oak accounts 
for three-fifths of this, post 
oak another fifth, and the 
balance is black-jack, syca- 
more, elm, maple, and lin- 
den. 

Minerals: — Northern 
and northwestern portions 
are promising of mineral. 
Lead and zinc mines are at 
Purdy, Pioneer, and Mc- 
Dowell. Limestone is abun- 
dant everywhere along 
streams. It is said to be of 
high grade, in fact, similar 
to that found at Carthage, 
in an adjoining county. 
Sandstone is found in cen- 
tral eastern sections. 

Land: — Generally well 
adapted to agricultural 
purposes, being compara- 
tively level and free from stones. County is rough in the central eastern section 
and in the southeastern part, except at Hickam prairie south of the river in the 
extreme southeastern corner. In the north and west are prairies, the northern 
portion being rolling. Except among the hills the soil is fertile and will produce 
satisfactory grain, grass, and fruit crops. A gravelly clay loam of desirable depth 
with porous red clay subsoil is of predominating extent, outside of creek and 
river bottoms. Along the streams the soil is of alluvial fertility. Land sells as 
follows: improved prairie, $20 to $40; river and creek bottoms, $25 to $50; ridges, 
$5 to $15; unimproved, $1.25 to $5 an acre. Acres of government land, 9,484; 
available to homestead at $1.25 an acre. 

Fruit and Fruit Lands: — In vicinity of Monett strawberries are extensively 
grown. In the north and northwest, commercial apple orchards are taking up 
the land. There are also important planting of apples, peaches, and strawberries 
centering at Seligman, Purdy, Exeter, and Washburn. Fifty thousand crates of 
strawberries were exported last year. 

Manufactories: — Ice plant, cutlery factory, 

several flouring mills, saw mills, woolen mills, 
spoke and canning factories. 

Transportation: — Frisco north and south 
through county, and also north edge, the lines con- 
necting at Monett, an important i-ailroad town. St. 
Louis & Northern Arkansas branches off from 
Frisco at Seligman. Cassville & Western connects 
Cassville with the main line at Exeter. 

Towns: — Monett, population, 3,115, Frisco 
railroad division point and junction. Cassville, 
population, 702, county seat; Exeter, 438, canning 
and drying factory. Purdy, 434, nurseries. Wash- 
burn, 169; Seligman, Eagle Rock, Pioneer, Corsi- 
cana, McDowell, Jenkins, Golden, Shell Knob and 
Scholten. Farming is the chief support of all towns excepting Monett. 

Newspapers: — Cassville Democrat, Republican; Monett Times, Daily Star, 
Eagle; Purdy News. 




LAND OF THE LUSCIOUS APPLE. 



BA«.TON 




H ARTON COUNTY'S IWii CROP 



Toial 



KINP 


Nl'MHKR 1 


Catile 


30,875 ! 


Horses 


10,(!1'> 


Mules 


••i,rx*s 


Asses anil lomu-is 


83 


Sheep 


S.X"^*? 1 


Swine 


w,6r>.< 


Chickens 


i;u,rt:>5i 1 


Tiirkevs 


5,4->0 ! 


licese 


0,-108 1 


Ducks 


■1,018 1 : 


Sw.irms vif Hces 


i.riHi 


Honev 


.•iO,6Ch» J 


Wool 


U».i4,'> J 


Milk 


x\T(ii!,;u>.? ? \ 


Mmter 


000,443 i I ] 


Krss 


94T,5SW II 



Total I 

* Bushels. J I'ounds 
t Tons. § (,>allons 



BAKTON io the lit'th oouuly south of Kansas City in tho extreme western 
tier of eonnties. As a whole it is a high. umliUating prairie, and its 
ehiel' industrial and oommeroial aetivities are based upon farming, 
stoelv raising, and ooal mining. Of the G12 square miles, or o91.liS0 
acres of land. 311,024 are improved farms. Including land of cultivable, 
pasture and yet uncultivated, the 2,590 farms average 134.2 acres, actual value of 
which is $7,G45,110. Population: white, 18,205; colored, 4S; American born, 17,- 
G75>; foreign born, 574: total, 18,233. Farm homes owned. 1.47G: rented, 989; 
town homes owned, 785; rented. 75(!; total families. 4.00i>. 

MiNKUAi.s: — Coal is mined in nearly every township. 200.433 tons being the 
amount of last annual produvtion. Indications are that the mineral underlies 
the entire county, and coal production has increased annually since its discovery. 
:\h>stly the veins lie close to the surface, varying to 120 
feel in depth, and in thickness twenty-five to forty 
inches. Chief mines are at Minden, Burgess, Liberal, 
Oskaloosa, Barton City, and lantha. Farmers do sur- 
face mining for local markets, where wagon loads of 
coal are always to be had at $2.50 to $3 a ton. White 
and red sandstone are mined at Liberal and I-iamar. 
Both qualities are found in abundance along the 
streams. Asphaltum is found in northeast corner of 
county. Industry is of infant proportions but the 
future is promising. 

Land: — Prairie, broken only by small streams. 
Originally twenty per cent along Spring river and lesser 
streams bore black and white oak. hickory, cottonwood. 
ash. linwood, walnut, and elm. Nine-tenths has been 
removed. A ton of coal is as cheap as a cord of wood. 
Soil is dark sandy loam, usually eighteen inches to two 
feet deep, of uniform producing quality. A representa- 
tive Barton county farm grows corn, hay, wheat, and 
oats, and frequently flax, castor beans, sugar cane, 
millet or broom corn. Hay is the most profitable crop. 
In further type, this farm would be less than one hour 
from a good town: dwelling to cost |1.000; the tract 
worth $40 an acre. Bulk of farms sell at $35 to $45. 
Close to Lamar they advance to $i>0 or $75. a few finely 
improved homes adjoining town valued at $100 an acre. 
Near Liberal and Golden City land sells at $40 to $50. 
Coal lands ii\ the west tier of townships, sell at $75 to $150. The small per cent 
of timbered land along the streams, too rough for cultivation, is worth $10 to 
$20. No land overflows. A high prairie ridge crosses east and west through center. 
Photo ill hcadiiii] : .1 Itiixiinsn Slirct in l.oiiiai: 





ACUKS 


1 I'KOlll'CT 


1 VALl'li 


Corn 


109.0 Ifi 


3,818.110 * 


$1,313,185 


Wheat 


lO.-iOl) 


-.MO.lXW » 


11. ^..WO 


Oats 


11,0 IS 


;«U,lxM * 


101.440 


Hay 


2:i,3Sn 


a"),t)85 t 


X^OS.lWS 


Koraije 


6,3(>5 


8,185 t 


4C,4->.-. 


Kla.\ 


10,-i83 


4l,l;!e* 


4->.r75 


UrvHim Corn 


sr.'. 


soti.\.v^o i 


5,oro 


Clover Seed 




10* 


5,"! 


lirass Seed 




4.0lH> * 


(5,400 


Tobacco 


6 


3.000 t 


SOO 


Potatoes 


5^1 


81,000 • 


38,370 


Vegetables 


l.Ol.'S 




30,01.'i 



§1,805,880 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



V.VI,l!K 

$ 840,005 

lOO.OtiO 

8..SIX) 

15,800 

060,700 

101 ..V>0 

4,135 
7,085 
3,210 

150,710 

118,450 



I f0,;i54,8,\5 
Dozen 



BARTON COUNTY. 



32: 




causing slivains on (lu^ 
north side to How north- 
wardly and those sonth of 
the divide to flow in oi)i)o- 
site direction. 

Thansi'outation : — Mis- 
souri Pacific, Joplin to 
Ivansas City and St. Louis, 
lias tliree i)assens;or trains 
each way daily. Mileajit*, 
;)().2,^): Kansas City South- 
ern, 8.72; St. Louis & San- 
la Fo. 7.01; Kansas City, 
C 1 i n t o n & Sprinsifiold. 
:!I.7I. 

S( iiooi.s; — Lamar has 
a fourtoon-rooni modern 
liriclv huildinti,' erected in 
1894, at a cost of $2r>,()(M); 
Colden City High School of 
eight rooms, costing $11,- 

000; Liheral, an eight-room stone and frame building; Lamar College. 125 stu- 
dents, non-sectarian, established 18!)7. With regard to schools the county has 
always ranked especially high and within the past ten years educational senti- 
ment has lar.gely increased, in pace with the stride set by the Slate as a 
whole. 

Ciiuiu'iiKs: — Lanuir has Methodist, Presbyterian, I5ai)tist, Christian, Congre- 
gational, Ei)iscopal, and Catholic denominations. Liberal has Christian, Metho- 
dist, and Baptist; lantha, Presbyterian and Baptist; Milford, Presbyterian and 
Christian. Country churches are numerous and well improved. 

Watku: — Both soft and hard are found. In towns cisterns predominate; in 
country, wells at forty-foot depth. Slock water is supplied from deei) wells by 
wind mill means. 

Towns: — Lamar, situated around court house suuare. has tw(>lve miles of 
broad, shaded, gravelled streets; walerworl<s. (>leiMric liglils. firt> (l(>parlment. 
Cloves and overalls, twine 
and sack holder, machine 
castings, cigars, wagons 
and flour are the factory pro- 
ducts. Golden City, substan- 
tial farm town, gravelled 
streets, telephone, and mill. 
Liberal, Milford. lantha, and 
Boston are farming towns, 
and Minden is a coal mining 
camp. 

Pinanck: — County tax. 50 
cents; school tax. from 20 
cents to $1.25; avera,ge, 00 
cents; assessed valuation one 
half of real valuation; county 
debt. $2:^.000. No township 

tlobt. I'Alt.M SCKNI.; M.:AU I.AMAK. TIIK COrNTY .SKAT. 

Nkwsi'ai'kus: — Lamar Democrat. Leader, Sentinel. Republican; T^iberal ]<]n- 
terprise, Independent; Golden City Herald, Free Press. 





BATES COUN FY'S 1902 CROP 



I ACRES I I'KODUCT 



Total 



Total 



* Hushcls 
t Tons. 



BATES is situated upon the Kansas border, forty miles south of Kansas 
City. It is one of those counties which lend mighty force to bring far 
west, even to our own door, the corn growing center of the United 
States. Notwithstanding the county grows and finishes annually an 
excess of four millions of dollars worth of cattle, horses, mules and 
hogs, it exports over two million dollars worth of corn, and more than one-half 
million dollars worth of hay. In physical size. Bates is the fourth county in 
Missouri, containing 873 square miles. In coal production it is fourth. The far- 
famed Rich Hill district, and other mines in the county, account for an output 
of 359, OGl tons a year. The pride of the county is its 
fine blooded live stock. All leading beef and dairy 
breeds of cattle, light harness, draft and saddle horses, 
fine mules, improved swine and sheep are found, and in 
large extent. 

Population: — White, 29,834; colored, 307; Ameri- 
can born, 29,047; foreign born, 1,094; total, 30,141. 
Farm homes owned, 2,357; rented, 1,529; other homes 
owned, 1,563; rented, 1,207; total families, 6,656. 

Finance: — County tax, 35 cents on the one hundred 
dollars; school tax averages 50 cents; total assessed 
valuation, $10,642,363; assessed valuation per cent of 
actual valuation, 40; no county debt; township debt, 
$128,000. 

Timber: — Oak, white and black; hickory, elm and 
walnut for home use only. Not of commercial conse- 
quence. 

Minerals: — Most of county is underlaid with good 
quality of bituminous coal. Miners employed, 509. 
Thirty mines operated; six shafts, five slopes, four 
drifts and fifteen strip-pits. The Rich Hill Mining Dis- 
trict is largest in county. Other mines are at Foster, 
Hume and Worland. Black mineral oil and natural gas 
are found in northwest part of county; both are util- 
ized in small way. Good building stone is found all 
along the streams. 

Land: — Everywhere the land is prairie excepting 
along streams. It is generally of the undulating type, 
though adjoining the rough stream-abutting strips the land is rolling, receding 
Photo in hcudimj : Farm of W . /'. ■Duvul, near liutlcr. 

328 



Corn 


17:5,373 


6,5S8,l::5 *, 


$2,075,26h 


Wheat 


17,480 


349. 72U*, 


192,345 


Oats 


11,519 


322,530 * 


85,470 


Hay 


61,714 


98,740 t 


543,070 


Horace 


15,875 


7.835 t 


39,175 


F.ax 


14,677 


58,708 »| 


61,055 


Broom Corn 


698 


383,900 t' 


10,555 


Clover Seed 




2,825 *, 


15,820 


Grass Seed 




7,985 », 


12.775 


Tobacco 


i; 


3,900 t 


390 


Potatoes 


1,121 


145,730 *| 


51,005 


Vegetables 


1,1.55 


1 


63,560 



i;3, 150,485 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


48,443 


$ 1,574,500 


Horses 


17,770 


1,184,665 


Mules 


4,073 


305,475 


Asses and Jennets 


140 


14,000 


Sheep 


6,477 


21 ,455 


Swine 


88,621 


836.210 


Chickens 


271,3111 




Turkt-ys 


8,013 1 


194 310 


Geese 


3,978 ; 




Ducks 


5,556 J 




.Swarms of Bees 


3.064 


6,'.i05 


Honey 


102,133 i 


13,770 


Wool 


23,604 t 


3,935 


Milk 
Mutter 


3,826,288 § ) 
688,428 t ; 


225,035 


EgKS 


1,414,130 11 


180,515 



$4,.559,7i0 



% Pounds. 
5 Gallons. 



Dozen. 



BATES COUNTY 



329 



gradually into the level ly- 
ing sort. Soil is dark clay 
loam, as a rule, well drain- 
ed, and fertile. Soil of 
lands adjacent to Grand 
river on the north, Osage 
river in the south, and 
their numerous tributa- 
ries, is alluvial — deposits 
of overflows which occur, 
on the average, semi-annu- 
ally, to the enrichment of 
the lands and with no seri- 
ous effects to improve- 
ments. Price of land is the 
most striking matter in the 
county's connection. Farm- 
ing land sells at $35 to $40 
an acre; only a few select 
locations being in advance 
of this. All farms have 
small orchards for individ- 
ual use. Number of apple 
trees average per farm, 48; 
peach trees, 6. 

Manufactures: — Are 
of local importance only. 
Liberal inducements are 
offered for new factories. Coal is an item of favor to their location here. 

Transportation: — County is well supplied. Kansas City, St. Louis & San 
Francisco, Kansas City Southern, Missouri, Kansas & Texas, and the Missouri 
Pacific intersect the county. 

Schools: — There are 137 independent school districts which employ 191 
teachers at an annual expenditure of $73,895. Total enumeration, 9,246; average 
daily attendance, 5,286. Total value of school property, $278,700. Average length 
of terms, 140 days. High schools cap-sheaf systems at Butler, Rich Hill, Adrian, 
Hume, Rockville, and Amsterdam. 

Towns: — Rich Hill, population, 4,053, center of mining district and conven- 
ient to agricultural trade; Missouri Pacific and Frisco Railroads. Butler, popu- 
lation, 3,158, county 
seat, live stock 
breeding and feed- 
ing and farming. 
Adrian, population, 
629; Rockville, pop- 
ulation, 580; Hume, 
population, 5 4 0; 
Merwin, Foster, Am- 
oret, Sprague, Am- 
sterdam, P a p i n s - 
ville, W o r 1 a n d , 
Johnstown and Al- 
tona are all largely 
supported by farm- 





GETTING BEADY FOK Till: All! I I K. 



ing interests, and Hume and Foster have additional support of mining. Towns 
are characterized by substantial buildings, and the several largest have the cus- 
tomary modern improvements. 

Newspapers:- — Butler Democrat, Times, Record, Central "West, Republican 
Press; Rich Hill Mining Review, Western Enterprise, Tribune. Coming Nation; 
Hume Telephone; Amsterdam Enterprise; Adrian Journal; Foster Times. 




BENTON is an inland-border county. Inland, in that it is three counties 
east of Kansas and three south of the Missouri river; border, in that 
it lies at the point where prairie lands adjoin the foothills of the Ozark 
mountains. Osage river divides it in tv^^ain. North of the river lies 
land in prairie stretches or long sloping hills; south of the river in pre- 
cipitous bluffs, timber covered hills and mountain flatwoods. There are 744 
square miles of surface, 476,1(J0 acres, of which 190,928 are in cultivation. Farms 
number 2,575 of 142.8 acres, average size, containing ai-able, pasture and firewood 
lands. Estimated real value of farm lands, $5,096,940. 
Corn, cattle, and horses and mules are leading exports. 
Timber: — More than two-thirds of county area was 
formerly timbered with white oak, black oak, post oak, 
hickory, elm, cedar, walnut, black-jack and scrub oak. 
Saw mills of less than twenty thousand feet daily ca- 
pacity are located at Warsaw and Hastain; there are 
many portable mills. Rough hardwood lumber is plen- 
tiful at $1G a thousand feet. Cordwood, $2.50 per cord. 
Minerals: — Zinc and lead mines center at Ray- 
mond, where one mine employs thirty-five men. Out- 
put has continued two years; mine operated on eastern 
capital. Results have been small. Limestone and 
sandstone deposits along river reveal excellent quality 
of mineral; undeveloped. Barite, for white paint adul- 
teration, is plentiful and untouched. Iron ore is picked 
up on surface; has never been shipped. 

Land: — Between one-third and one-fourth is prai- 
rie, in lay from undulating to rolling. It lays mainly 
in the northwest corner, bounded by the railroad on the 
east and the breaks of the Osage river on the south. 
Farms are well improved; roads follow section lines. 
Soil is black and mulatto prairie loam, one to three 
feet deep. Prices range from $30 to $40, with an occa- 
sional $25, and a few $50 farms. Cereals and hays of 
all kinds thrive herein. Little over one-half of the 
county is hill land, timbered, unimproved, worth $5 an 
acre. Surface is generally Hint rock bearing. Sul)soil 
Mill saw, on the Osiujc Rirvr. 
330 



BENTON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACKES 1 PRODUCT 


VAI.IE 


Corn 


7^,172 


2,707,364 * 


$ 798,675 


Wheat 


10.70.5 


214,100* 


117,775 


Oats 


7,515 


263,025 * 


69,700 


Hay 


31,348 


33.995 t 


169,975 


Forage 


5,8.55 


7,330 t 


36.600 


Flax 


1,192 


10,752 * 


10,965 


Broom Corn 


418 


209,000 t 


5,750 


Clover Seed 




240* 


1,345 


Grass Seed 




790* 


1,420 


Tobacco 


40 


28,000 t 


2,660 


Potatoes 


608 


93,520 * 


29,925 


Vegetables 


848 




31,225 


Total 1 1 


1 SI, 276,015 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMIiER | 


VAIUE 


Cattle 


28.:^38 




$ 779,295 


Horses 


8,752 




525,120 


Mules 


2,442 




170 940 


Asses and Jennets 


97 




8,730 


Sheep 


11,3:^.8 




.34,015 


Swine 


38,487 




284,870 


Chickens 


140,963 1 






Turkeys 


4,152 1 




81,510 


Geese 


4,.50(i \ 




Ducks 


1,4:«J 






Swarms of Bees 


1,001 




1 ,895 


Honey 


33.367 t 




4,170 


Wool 


38,03a •: 




6,335 


Milk 
Butter 


1,878,405 §/ 
3.59,772 + ( 




126,.565 


Kggs 


909,380 II 




113,670 


Total 1 1 


.'SV237,115 


« Bushels. t Pounds. || Doz 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





I'lioto in hiailinij : 



BENTON COUNTY. 



331 



is clay; top soil is some- 
times thick black vegeta- 
ble mould, more often 
gravelly clay. Hill and val- 
ley farms embrace one- 
fifth. They are less well 
improved than are prairie 
farms. Best half bring $25 
to $35; one-fourth are 
available at $15 to $20, and 
remaining one-fourth at 
$10 or $15. Ordinarily the 
hill farm has one-third in 
cultivation. 

Manufactured P r o - 
ducts: — Flour, and zinc 
monuments are manufac- 
tured. At Warsaw a com- 
pany manufactures thir- 
teen different styles of 
zinc grave monuments, 
shipped to nearly every 
western State. 

Tkansportation : — Mis- 
souri Pacific branch to Se- 
dalia, 29 miles, taxed road- 
bed; Rock Island, St. Louis 
to Kansas City, intersects 
Missouri Pacific at Cole 
Camp. Osage river, second in size to the Missouri river, furnishes timber, trans- 
portation and excursion boating. 

Water: — Main streams are Osage and Grand rivers. Deer Creek, Tebo, 
Pomme de Terre, Turkey, Cole Camp, and Williams Creeks. Well water is hard 
and soft, containing sulphur, at one place, Clark's. On the prairie clear lime- 
stone-filtered water is to be had at twenty to thirty feet. In the mountains 
springs abound, and there are few wells. 

Fishing: — Cat, buffalo, carp, jack salmon, bass, sun perch, suckers, and stur- 
geon are caught with the hook. Catfish weighing fifty pounds was caught at 
Warsaw. Many parties from central Missouri spend summer days upon the 
Osage river. 

Towns: — Warsaw, county seat; Cole Camp, railroad junction town; Lincoln, 
Fairfield, Edwards and Hastain; all deriving most support from agriculture and 
stock raising. 

Population:— White, 16,366; colored, 190; American born, 15,909; foreign 
born, 647; total, 16,556. Farm homes owned, 1,994; rented, 604; other homes 

owned, 462; rented, 319; total, 3,382. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents; 
school tax. from — cents to $1.15; aver- 
age, 50 cents; total assessed valuation, 
$3,689,207; forty per cent of real valua- 
tion; county debt, $260,000. No town- 
^ f n ^^K^^m ^^iP debt. 

Population of German descent in- 
habits northeastern portion of county, 
but not in majority. 





zixNc monument works, t. d. white. 




BOLLINGER COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


31,710 


872,035 * 


$ 327,010 


Wheat 


31,509 


347,560 * 


205,060 


Oats 


6,105 


164,835 * 


54,945 


Hay 


9,529 


9,5a0 t 


81,005 


Forage 


1,795 


2,090 t 


10,450 


Broom Corn 


4 


2,000 t 


55 


Clover Seeil 




115* 


635 


Grass Seed 




CO* 


130 


Cotton 


65 


21,450 • 


1,610 


Tobacco 


31 


22,010 ■: 


2,300 


Potatoes 


435 


36.975 * 


17,750 


Vegetables 


660 




33,070 



Total 



BOLLINGER is situated twenty miles west of the Mississippi river, at a 
point one liundred miles down stream from St. Louis. One-third of its 
acreage — 129,470 acres out of 394,240 — is devoted to culture of cereals. 
Two-thirds of the county is unimproved and bears timber. Hardwood 
timber interests, large in no one place, but forming, with agriculture, 
the support of several small towns, will be in evidence for many years. Marble 
of high grade is found at Marble Hill, county seat. But- 
ter and milk constitute a relatively important item in 
farm production. Fruit growing is on the increase. 
Land and climate are especially favorable to strawber- 
ries. There are 2,298 farms, averaging in size, 119.4 
acres, of a total actual valuation of $2,923,996. Surface 
is generally rough, bordering mountainous, and at the 
southern edge is land of low, level type. 

Population: — White, 14,636; colored, 14; American 
born, 14,414; foreign born, 236; total, 14,650. Farm 
homes owned, 1,802; rented, 479; other homes owned, 
248; rented, 320; total families, 2,849. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax 5 cents to $1.30, average, 45 cents; 
assessed valuation, $2,575,343; assessed valuation per 
cent of actual valuation: on farms, 50; town lots 
66 2-3; personal property 40. 

Timber: — Black oak, white oak, post oak, and hick- 
ory predominate in uplands. Red gumwood and cy- 
press are chief in lowlands. White oak has been largely 
removed in railroad ties. Some walnut once grew on 
river sides. 

Minerals: — Indications of lead, zinc, copper, iron, 
kaolin, marble, and granite. First three are mainly in 
northern half of county; iron occurs between central 
line and swamps. Kaolin is in central western part, 
near Glen Allen. Limestone is common everywhere. 

Land: — North half of county is often rough and 
broken, though in places it is only rolling. This region 
Fertile Vallcii Farm on Castor River. 
332 



I % 733,920 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 




Photo in hcadiny 



BOLLINGER COUNTY. 



333 



embraces farms scattered, and a large acreage of wild lands suscepti- 
ble of cultivation. Streams have generous bottoms, location of best 
/arm lands. Southern one-fifth of the county is low land, in the south side, 
water-soaked. These flat lands contain 



much good farming soil. Best improv- I perry a county 

ed bottom lands are valued at $20 an 
acre; unimproved, $10 to $12.50. Im- 
proved upland plateaus average $7 an 
acre; unimproved ridges, $1 to $5. 
There are 1,521 acres belonging to the 
government, which may be taken up at 
$1.25 an acre. The latter embraces 
both lowland and bluffs. 

Fruit: — North of a point five miles 
south of Lutesville is found land emi- 
nently adapted to fruit growing. 
Strawberries and pears may be grown 
to profit in the central and southern 
portions. North thereof the land is 
rougher and bears more stone upon its 
surface. Apples and peaches thrive 
herein. Fruit land, within a few hours 
of market may be had in Bollinger 
county at $5 to $10 an acre. 

Manufactoriks : — Small saw mills 
are numerous, stave factories, flouring 
mills, distilleries, wool carding mill, 
soda water factory and fruit evapor- 
ator. There is also a nursery supply- 
ing a trade in this and adjoining coun- 
ties. 

Transportation : — Belmont Branch 
of St. Louis. Iron Mountain & South- 
ern; St. Louis & San Francisco; branch 
of the Frisco, connects Brownwood and 
Zalma. 

Towns: — Lutesville, population, 525, 
is chief railroad town, located just 
across a small creek from Marble Hill, county seat 
mill, stave factory and 
wagon shops, and is a 
leading shipping point 
for gravel. Marble Hill 
has a population of 295. 
Zalma has a flouring 
and a stave mill. Its 
inhabitants are engaged 
in shipment of lumber 
and railroad ties. Pat- 
ton has a flouring mill 
and stave factory. 
Hahn, Scopus, Green- 
brier, Sturdivant, Buch- 
anan, Dongola, Glen Al- representative Missouri farm scene. 
len, and Laflin have saw mills and timber interests. Sedgewickville is a leading 
trading point in the northeast. 

Schools:— Will Mayfield Academy, Marble Hill and a training school at 
Sedgewickville, are the foremost. Marble Hill and Lutesville have good graded 
school systems. 

Newspapers: — Marble Hill Press; Lutesville Banner. 




It supports a large flourin§ 





BOONE COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 

I ACRES I NUMHER 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



BEYOND being among the foremost counties in live stoclv and in the cul- 
tivation of corn, Boone has been called to the cultivation of mind and 
heart. A million dollars a year are expended in a Boone county town 
for education. The State of Missouri provides here for the higher edu- 
cation of her sons and daughters, and sixteen hundred annually ac- 
cept the invitation to attend the University of Missouri, located at Columbia. 
Instruction is given in the academic, and graduate departments and in the de- 
partments of law, engineering, medicine, agriculture, horticulture, militai-y 
science and tactics, and education. Instruction is with- 
out charge. In addition to the State University, there 
are the Missouri Bible College, Christian Female Col- 
lege, Stephens Female College, Columbia Normal Acad- 
emy and the University Academy. Approved High 
Schools are located at Centralia and at Columbia. 

Population: — White, 24,078; colored, 4,564; Amer- 
ican born, 28,366; foreign born, 276; total, 28,642. Farm 
homes owned, 2,604; rented, 864; other homes owned, 
1,291; rented, 1,462; total families, 6,221. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax average, 42i/{. cents; total 
assessed valuation, $10,028,403; assessment based upon 
one-half of actual valuation. No indebtedness. 

Timber: — Three-fourths of the area was originally 
timbered. Scarcely one-fourth is in that condition now. 
Hickory, ash, elm, wild cherry, hackberry, walnut, oak 
and maple were the chief trees. Sugar maple, once 
numerous, is well nigh extinct. There are but two or 
three groves in the county. 

Land:— County contains 680 square miles of land, 
435,200 acres, of which 301,732 acres are in a high state 
of cultivation. There are 3,540 farms, averaging 115.3 
acres, worth an aggregate of $10,444,541. The land may 
be divided into 100,000 acres of undulating prairie, 
worth $45 an. acre; ten thousand 9,cres of river bottom, 
selling at $50 an acre; something over 200,000 acres of 
rolling upland, selling at $30 an acre, and 100,000 acres 
Academic Hall and the Old Culumvs, University of Missouri. 
334 



Corn 


90,.586 


4,539,300 * 


1 1,363,145 


Wheat 


■23,404 


526,590 * 


289,625 


Oats 


7,169 


2ti6,.580 * 


70.645 


Hay 


■15,848 


72,555 t 


471,610 


Forage 


3,36.5 


4,205 t 


21,025 


Broom Corn 


9:! 


46,500 % 


1,380 


Clover Seed 




3,470 * 


19,430 


Grass Seed 




70* 


135 


Tobacco 


VI 


49.700 • 


4,735 


Potatoes 


755 


105,700* 


33,825 


Vegetables 


870 




44,470 



I S2,319,905 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 1 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


35,965 


$1,168,865 


Horses 


12,088 


805,865 


Mules 


5,465 


409.875 


Asses and Jennets 


262 


31 ,440 


Sheep 


19,765 


65,885 


Swine 


51,208 


512,080 


Chickens 


175.971 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


9,260 1 
7,738 f 


164,580 


Ducks 


1,518 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2.296 


5,520 


Honey 


76,533 % 


9,565 


Wool 


76,316 % 


12,720 


Milk 
Butter 


2,970,921 S I 
500,906 5; f 


219,090 


Eggs 


910,200 II 


113,775 



I 13,619,260 



% Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photos In heading : 



BOONE COUNTY. 



335 



of rough white oak land which may be bought at 
an acre. Near the towns of Columbia, Centralia and 
Sturgeon are farms held at $90 an acre, and imme- 
diately adjoining these towns are small tracts held 
as high as $200 an acre. Soil is of three kinds: 
alluvium next to the Missouri river; brown loam 
of loess type immediately adjoining the allu- 
vium,, in a strip a mile wide; and prairie loam 
soil, embracing three-fourths of the county. 

Minerals: — Coai; building stone, sand. 
Coal is mined near Brown's Station, Colum- 
bia, Harrisburg and Rucker. It is said that 
the coal area underlies fiO.OOO acres of 
mineable land with the seam found from 
within a few feet of the surface to a 
depth of 150 feet. Reliable estimate 
places the coal tonnage of the county 
at 360,000,000, showing a resource 
worth, at low estimate, $540,000,000. 
The vein is the same as that found in 
Macon and Randolph counties. It averages 
four feet thick. 

Transportation: — Main lines: Wabash, 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas, Chicago & Alton, all 
giving direct passage to Kansas City and St. 
Louis. The Wabash operates a branch fi'om Cen- 
tralia to Columbia, and the M., K. & T. gives Columbia 
main line service by running passenger trains over 
branch from McBaine to Columbia and return. 

PuiiLic Schools: — There are 107 districts; 8,554 chil- 
dren of school age. The county has a permanent county 
school fund of $41,442.70, and a permanent township school 
fund of $35,484.38. Average school term is 139 days. 

Churches: — There are in the county 7,500 church members, 
owning 76 church edifices. Every Christian denomination is repre- 
sented. Counting the adult population, one in every two persons is a 
church member. There are 66 Sunday Schools in Boone county, with 
5,600 officers, teachers and pupils. 

Publishing House: — Largest commercial es- 
tablishment is the E. W. Stephens Publishing 
House, employing 100 people, doing business in 
every State and territory; prints supreme court 
reports, digests or statutes for the States of Mis- 
souri, New Mexico, Iowa, Arkansas, Tennessee, Ari- 
zona, Utah. 

Towns:' — Columbia, county seat, 
population 5,651, school town; Cen- 
tralia, 1,722, live commercial and 
shipping point. Both these towns 
have modern improvements, and 
private properties are kept in ex- 
cellent condition. Sturgeon, 708, 
one of the wealthiest towns in Mis- 
souri; Rocheport, 593; Ashland, 
401; Hallsville, 157. Each the cen- 
ter of rich farming community. 

Newspapers: — Weekly: Herald, Statesman, M. S. U. Independent; Centralia 
Guard, Courier; Hallsville Eagle; Sturgeon Leader; Rocheport Democrat; Ash- 
land Bugle; Hartsburg Truth. Columbia Daily Tribune. 





COLUMBIA MISSOURI HERALD BUILDING. 



BUGHANAN 




OUTSIDE the wholesale and manufacturing interests of its chief city, 
St. Joseph, Buchanan county's maintaining element is agriculture. 
St. Joseph is the largest wholesale dry goods mart west of St. Louis. 
It is a city of over 100,000 inhabitants, a city of amassed wealth and 
mass employment, and thus affords enhanced reward to agricultural 
pursuits within the county. Adjacent the city limits are small truck farms, and 
farther out fine old homesteads with large acreages, devoted to live stock breed- 
ing and feeding. Horticulture, by reason of special fitness of soil and proximity 
of market, is an important industrial asset. Fully one- 
half of the soil is brown loam loess, peculiarly favorable 
to orchards. 

Population: — White, 115,322; colored, 6,516; 
American born, 112,363; foreign born, 9,475; total, 121,- 
838. Farm homes owned, 1,538; rented, 1,038; other 
homes owned, 6,099; rented, 11,599; total families, 20,- 
274. 

Finance: — County tax. 42 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 10 cents to $1.10, av- 
erage, 40 cents; tax valuation, $41,028,056; estimated to 
be one-half actual valuation. County indebtedness, 
$220,000; township debt, $15,000. 

Timber: — All excepting a prairie strip of two to 
six miles upon the eastern edge, the county was origi- 
nally a forest of walnut, maple, cottonwood, elm, syca- 
more, hackberry, and hickory. It is nearly all removed, 
excepting along the rougher places of Platte river and 
the Missouri river bluffs. Trees were of enormous size. 
Minerals: — Limestone is found along all the 
streams. It is used only locally. Some sand is taken 
from the Missouri river to serve building needs. 

Land: — Number of square miles, 420; acres, 268,- 
800, of which 177,312 are included in improved farms. 
There are 2,584 farms of an average size of 90.3 acres, 
valued at $16,123,380. Buchanan county comprises 
three soils and four topographies. Along the river is a 
wide stretch of alluvium, black, endless in depth. 
Photos in licading: Butluimui County Farm Scene; Residence of John Tootle. 

33G 



BUCHANAN COUNTY'S 1902 


CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


-4.470 


3,574.560 * 


?1,125,985 


Wheal 


32,218 


628.250 * 


361,245 


Oats 


6,591 


2.30,685 * 


59.980 


Hay 
Forage 


18,657 


32,650 t 


228,550 


1,<)50 


2,600 t 


13,000 


Broom Corn 


58 


31,900 X 


875 


Clover Seed 




680* 


3,740 


Grass Seed 




400* 


620 


Tobacco 


n 


13,500 X 


1,350 


Potatoes 


2,715 


407,250 * 


97,740 


Vegetables j 1,545 




75,610 


Total 1 1 


1 $1.1)68,695 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


28,346 




$ 921 .245 


Horses 


9,208 




613,865 


Mules 


2,826 




211,950 


Asses and Jennets 


125 




12,500 


Sheep 


3,202 




10,675 


Swine 


47,831 




478,310 


Chickens 


135,928 ■•, 






Turkeys 
Geese 


3,878 ; 

3,241 r 




117,630 


Ducks 


2,429 J 






Swarms of Bees 


1,900 




5,440 


Honev 


63,333:: 
13,080 :: 




7,915 


Wool 




2,180 


Milk 


3,514,524 § 1 




353 225 


Butter 


463,994 X t 






Eggs 


758,800 II 




91,850 


Total 1 1 


$2,829,785 


* Bushels. X Pounds. || Dc 


zen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





BUCHANAN COUNTY. 



337 




inexhaustible as grain land, and level. Bordering this is a high bluff, some- 
times 250 feet above the valley, which graduates on the east into long rolling 
hill land and finally into prairie. Bluffs and hills are brown loam silt land, 
porous to great depth. This land is noted for 
drought resistance. It covers more than one- 
half of the county. On the east edge is 
the black prairie. Soil is two and one- 
half to five feet deep and very fertile. 
The average price of farms through- 
out the county is $50 to $70 an 
acre. In the immediate vicinity 
df St. Joseph, land for truck 
farming reaches an average of 
$200 an acre. Land held 
principally by speculators 
ranges from $150 to 
an acre. 

Manufactories : — 
Are generally confined 
to St. Joseph. They in- 
clude: woolen mills, 
harness and saddle 
factories, pump facto- 
ries, flouring mills, 
wagon and buggy shops, cigar factories, roasted coffee and spice houses, baking 
powder, furniture and cooperage interests, hominy mills, clothing making estab- 
lishments, creamery products, and meat packing houses. 

TRANsrouTATioN: — Being adjacent to St. Joseph and within thirty miles of 
Kansas City, transportation is necessarily advanced. Leading into St. Joseph 
are miles of first class rock and gravel roads. 

Schools: — The county system is one of the best organized in Missouri. An- 
nual terms average seven to eight months. In St. Joseph schools are fostered 
with a favor characteristic of 
high class citizenship. Be- 
sides the public system are 
seventeen educational insti- 
tutions, embracing kindergar- 
tens, academies, evening 
academic schools, parochial 
schools, commercial colleges, 
two medical colleges, a busi- 
ness university, and Christian 
Brothers College. 

Summer Resorts: — Su- 
burban to the city of St. 
Joseph are five parks, with 
lakes and summer theatres 
and hotels. Lake Contrary is 
far-famed. 

Cities and Towns: — St. 
Joseph; Rushville, popula- 
tion 412; Agency, 380; De- 
Kalb, 362; Easton, 227. Small 
towns are supported by agri- 
culture. 

Newspapers: — Dailies: St. Joseph Gazette, News and Press, Volksblatt, 
Stock Yards Journal (Weeklies listed under St. Joseph) ; DeKalb Tribune. 
Mo — 22 




TllRO THE LEAFY LANE. 




MANUFACTURING of hardwood timber products is of chief account in 
Butler county. It is situated upon Arkansas border, three counties 
west of the Mississippi river. Poplar Bluff, center of the county 
commercially and physically, is located upon the edge of the bluff 
which extends diagonally across Butler from northeast to south- 
west making division between hill land northwest and lowlands southeast. 
Originally there was pine in the hills. In lowlands first operations began in 
188G New life was added in 1899, and to-day one company owns 93,000 acres of 
swamp lands, from which it is cutting oak, hickory, and gum wood. The last is 
largely exported in log and lumber; oak and hickory are locally consumed in the 
manufacture of barrels, oil well sucker rods, mine timbers, hubs, spokes, and tool 
handles. One-half commercial timber is removed. 

As timber disappears lowlands become ready for irrigation and farming. The 
county contains 716 square miles, 450,240 acres, quite one-half of which is low, 
water-formed land. Improved farms, chiefly in hills, include 55,664 acres. Num- 
ber of farms, 1,577, averaging 97.7 acres each; aggregate, actual value, $2,745,914. 

Land:— Subject to homestead entry, 801 acres, in 
hills. One hundrel and forty thousand acres of low- 
lands held for timber by mill men. Thousands of acres 
of this are "cut over" lands for sale at $5 to $9 an acre. 
Fifteen thousand acres of this character adjacent to 
Neelyville and Poplar Bluff are improved and bring $20 
to $30. Forty acres cotton land adjacent Neelyville re- 
cently sold at $50. Soil is of wide variance in produc- 
tive quality. Hill land is deep cut with numerous 
creeks and by St. Francis and Black rivers. Valleys 
are cultivated; improved, they are worth $15 to $25 an 
acre. Four-fifths of hill land is rock covered. Seventy- 
five thousand acres may be bought at 50 cents an acre. 
Hill lands, best improved, bring $20, largely in north- 
west quarter. Conservative estimate upon hill land is: 
five-eighths susceptible of farming; three-eighths too 
rough for plow, but good for other purposes 

Finance: — Poplar Bluff real property assessment 
basis, $884,800; county tax, 75 cents; school tax, 25 
cents to $1.25; average, 75 cents; total assessed valua- 
tion, $3,888,000; sixty per cent of real valuation; county 
debt, $47,500; no township debt. 

Population:— White, 15,241; colored, 1,528; Amer- 
ican born, 16,512; foreign born, 257; total, 15,769. 
Farm homes owned, 6,358; rented, 626; other homes 
1 owned, 636, rented, 1,196; total families, 8,816. 

Manufactoriks:— Those interests in Poplar Bluff 
amount to one-sixth of land values in Butler county. 
Photos i» hcadiuo: liimcl-Asluroft M.„n,fnctnri„g Co.; II. D. WiUiams Cooperage Conipanv, 

Poplar Bluff. 

338 



BUTLER COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 NUMUKR I VALUE 


( orii 


24,80b 


708,986 


* ?-'88,370 


Wheal 


2,109 


43,6.35 


* 25,745 


Oats 


1 ,248 


31 ,200 


* 10,400 


Hav 


5,501 


8,250 


t 90,7.50 




1.101 


1,285 


t 6,425 


Cotton 


1,715 


565,9.50 


X 42,445 




11 


11,: 60 


X 1,135 


Poiatoes 


49C 


49,000 


* 23,520 


Vcfiecables 


42C 






Total 1 1 1 ^^^^-^^ 


livh: stock and products 


KIND 1 FKOUUCT | VALUE 




9,166 


$ 206,235 


Horses 


3,265 


195,900 


Mules 


1,180 


70,800 


Asses and Jennets 


19 


1,710 


Sheep 


l,3ai 




Swine 


20,910 


209,100 


Chickens 


,55,637 1 




Turkeys 


907 ! 


30,665 


Geese 






Ducks 


2.2 J7 J 




Swa' ms of Bees 


1,101 


2,0;i0 


Honey 


36,700:; 
3,630 :: 


4,588 


Wool 


605 


Milk 
hutter 


982,630 § 1 
193,025 t i 


99,515 


Eggs 


273,080 11 


34,135 


Total 1 1 $859,iio.. 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Dozen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 



BUTLER COUNTY. 



339 




Among the large individual 
interests are H. D. Wil- 
liams Cooperage Co.; L. M. 
Palmer Lumbering Plant; 
Hargrove & Ruth Lumber 
Co.; Bimel-Ashcroft Manu- 
facturing Co. ; Hartzell Light 
& Mill Co., and a new handle 
factory. Cooperage company 
employing four hundred men, 
has daily capacity of 3,000 
tight barrels. Operates line of 
cars and small steamboat line 
of Black river; mills in Missouri 
and Arkansas. Exports: custom 
is largely distilleries and cotton 
seed oil mills. Palmer plant em- 
ploys 25 men, making coffee box 
and sugar barrel materials. Oak is 
quarter sawed; gumwood three- 
plied; operates log camps, over 90,- 
000 acres in Butler county, Missouri, 
and 70,000 adjoining acres in Arkan- 
sas. Mill capacity, 150,000 feet daily. 
Hargrove & Ruth saw and plane hard- 
wood timber. Men employed, 150; 
plant covers 16 acres; sawing capacity 
30,000 feet daily, piling and railroad ties extensively. Bimel-Ashcroft Manu- 
facturing Co. makes spokes, six millions a year; employs 60 men; owns 20,000 
acres of land. A handle factory has just been established, employing 35 men; 
small iron castings foundry; cold storage plant; bottling works; typewriter and 
adding machine factory; oil well supply factory, and patent lath plant make 
Poplar Bluff a manufacturing center. Hartzel Light & Mill Co. has a capacity of 
175 barrels of flour, 125 barrels meal, and 1,000 sacks of corn chop daily. At 
Fisk a lumber company is located. 

Transportation: — Iron Mountain, St. Louis to Arkansas, 35.31; Cairo, Ar- 
kansas & Texas, 11.28; 
Doniphan Branch, 4.07; 
St. Louis, Memphis & 
Southeastern, 22.96. 

High School: — Poplar 
Bluff; articulated with the 
University of Missouri; 
new, modern building with 
costly laboratories for 
physics and chemistry, and 
library. 

Gun and Rod: — Deer, 
a few black bears, abund- 
ance of wild turkey and 
ducks, quail and squirrels. 
Black river and St. Fran- 
cis river afford bass, crap- 
pie, cat fishing. A club 
house on St. Francis. 
Towns :^ — Poplar Bluff, the "Miniature Pittsburg:" electric lights, water- 
works, sewerage, $8,000 city hall, fire department, Iron Mountain division point; 
Neelyville, Fisk. 

Newspapers: — Poplar Bluff Citizen, Journal, Republican. 




POPLAR BLUFF, ON BLACK RIVER. 



OALDWBfcL 




CALDWELL is forty miles east of St. Joseph and sixty miles south of 
Iowa. Farming and live stock raising are characterizing indus- 
tries, dairying and sheep raising being leading detail features. Chief 
exports are corn, beef cattle, horses, hogs, hay and farm-made butter. 
Year by year live stock exportation increases as the corn and hay 
surplus figures decrease. County area is 430 square miles, 275,200 acres, of 
which the improved farms embrace 246,077. Farms number 2,329, averaging 
118.9 acres, actually worth $7,084,650. 

Population: — White, 16,226; colored, 430; American born, 16,184; foreign 
born, 472; total, 16,656. Farm homes owned, 1,628; rented, 644; other homes 
owned, 901; rented, 562; total families, 3,735. 

Coal and Oil: — Coal underlies the entire count.y. Two miles east of Ham- 
ilton, two veins, one at 300 feet and the second seven- 
teen inches thick at 507 feet depth, are yielding an 
oily, bituminous coal, highly inflammable and produc- 
ing intense heat, used largely by Burlington passenger 
engines. Seventy-five men are employed. Oil drops 
from mine roofs. Bonanza Basin, embracing one-half, 
the central portion, of the county, bears striking oil 
prospects. Here and at Braymer, many acres of pros- 
pective oil land are now leased by local capitalists. 
Blue limestone of special firmness, near Kingston and 
Nettleton; sandstone, and a fire clay shale underlying 
coal, are important minerals, used only locally. 

Character and Price of Land: — One-third of Cald- 
well was originally timbered with large growth oaks, 
sycamore, cottonwood, elm, black walnut, and less im- 
portant species. Its location was upon Shoal creek and 
tributaries and in the southwest one-twelfth part. 
Enough remains for local firewood and rough plank 
purposes. The little rough land is along the streams. 
It is seldom precipitous and never brings less than $35 
an acre. The two-thirds is high, rolling prairie. Within 
two miles of Hamilton best improved farms are selling 
at $70 to $80 an acre. Outside this district, not spec- 
ially influenced by location, the values range from $40 
to $65. Soil is invariably black, vegetable mould, fif- 
teen to forty inches deep, with porous subsoil of clay. 
Products are widely diversified. Every farm has an 
orchard corresponding to family requirements. 
Photo in heading: A Culdipcll County Dairy Farm. 

340 



CALDWELL COUNTY'S 190 


J CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PKODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


94,644 


4,826,84- * 


$1,529,4.55 


Wheat 


2,405 


02,520 * 


85,950 


Oats 


3,436 


120,260 * 


31,360 


Hay 


34,142 


64 MO t 


305,980 


Forage 


10,915 


14, .555 t 


72,775 


Broom Corn 


98 


53,900 t 


1,480 


Clover Seed 




4.50* 


2,475 


Grass Seed 




3,200 * 


4,960 


Tobacco 


14 


12,600 t 


1,260 


Potatoes 


68" 


89,311 * 


21.390 


Vegetables 


515 




28,110 


Total 1 1 


*2,026,145 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBEK | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


37,312 




*1,212,640 


Horses 


11,013 




734,200 


Mules 


1,662 




124,6.^0 


Asses and Jennets 


63 




6,200 


Sheep 


26,811 




89,370 


Swine 


67,990 




679,900 


Chickens 


145,561 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


4,333 1 
2,303 I 




132,410 


Ducks 


1,688 J 






Swarms of Bees 


2,115 




5,435 


Honey 


70,500 t 
138,.510 l 




8.815 


Wool 




23,085 


Milk 


i,5.38,359 § ( 




212,490 


Butter 


:371,B57 t \ 




Eggs 


826,500 II 




103,315 


Total 1 1 


$3,332,510 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


'.en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





CALDWELL COUNTY. 



341 




Dairying: — Dairy products are marketed in St. Joseph and Kansas City. 
Daily shipments are made from Hamilton, Kidder, Breckenridge, Nettleton, 
Braymer, Cowgill, and Polo, which are centers of as many districts. At Hamil- 
ton the dairy pay roll 
last year averaged $2,- 
306 a month. One farm- 
er, owning 160 acres 
near Hamilton, receives 
$80 a month for milk 
and cream. Cheese fac- 
tory at Kidder and at 
Cowgill; flouring mills 
at Hamilton, Braymer, 
Breckenridge and Mir- 
able; canning factory 
at Hamilton; furniture 
factory at Brecken- 
ridge; brick and tile 
factory at Breckenridge 
and Braymer, are lead- 
ing manufacturing in- 
terests. 

Than SPORT ATiow : — St. Joseph, Kansas City, St. Louis and Chicago are easily 
accessible. Track mileage is: Hannibal & St. Joseph, 30; Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul, 25. Both main lines, and 
touching fifteen of eighteen town- 
ships. 

Schools : — Hamilton High 
School is approved by the Univei-- 
sity of Missouri. Its library em- 
braces a thousand volumes. There 
are 79 school districts in the county, 
eight of which have modern brick 
buildings. Kidder Institute, with 
167 enrolled, is a co-educational 
preparatory school, at Kidder. 

The water is hard, filtered over 
limestone. Shoal Creek and its 
tributaries comprise the streams. 

Towns: — Hamilton, largest 
town, has electric lights and tele- 
phone; Kingston, county seat; 
Braymer, Breckenridge, Polo, Cow- 
gill, Kidder and Nettleton, are 
agricultural towns. 

Newspapers:' — Hamilton Ham- 
iltonian, Farmers' Advocate; Bray- 
mer Bee, Comet; Breckenridge Bul- 
letin; Cowgill Chief; Polo Vindica- 
tor, News. 




A MISSOURI MULBERRY. 



Finance: — County tax, 40 cents; school tax, from 10 cents to $1.15; average, 
47 cents; total assessed valuation, $6,931,924; assessed valuation per cent of real 
valuation, 35; no county debt; no township debt. 




leAtvL^WW 



CALLAWAY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACRES 


Corn 


87,770 


Wheat 


26,650 


Oats 


10,653 


Hay 


49,005 


Forage 


2,430 


Flax 


24 


Broom Corn 


19 


Clover Seed 




Grass Seen 




Tobacco 


139 


Potatoes 


9s -i 


Vegetables 


1,460 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



CALLAWAY is a county of schools and of general agriculture and live 
stock breeding. It is long established and far advanced in the devel- 
opment of church, school and farm. It is upon the north side of the 
Missouri river, four counties west of the Mississippi. At Fulton, 
county seat, is Westminster College, one of the first colleges of the 
West, Synodical College for young women, William Woods College for young 
women, Missouri School for the Deaf, and a high school of approved grade. Big 
mules are a notable production of Callaway county farms. Nineteen thousand 
horses and mules are sold every year, to the worth of one and one-fifth million 
dollars. This means a surplus annually of a fraction over five horses and mules 
for every farm in the county. The greatest export item is corn, $1,201,035 a year. 
Cattle surplus is second in amount. Callaway county contains 760 square miles 
__ of land. 

Population: — White, 21,880; colored, 4,104; Ameri- 
can born, 25,431; foreign born, 553; total, 25,984. Farm 
homes owned, 2,699; rented, 831; other homes owned, 
743; rented, 882; total families, 5,155. 

Finance: — County tax, 60 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax average, 49 cents; total 
assessed valuation, $7,301,814; assessed valuation is 
equal to forty per cent of actual valuation. County 
debt is $55,000. No township indebtedness. 

Timber: — There are twenty thousand acres of tim- 
bered land at present, scattered along the streams, and 
mainly in the southern half of the county. It consists 
of black oak, white oak, elm, sycamore, cottonwood, 
poplar, soft maple. 

Minerals: — Coal, fire clay and white sand are com- 
mercially utilized. The first two minerals are mined in 
the vicinity of Fulton. Coal formation underlies the 
entire county. The vein is thirty inches thick and is 
found at surface to thirty-foot depth. Annual output is 
23,483 tons. About one hundred miners are employed 
in winter season. One mile south of Fulton fire clay 
and coal are taken from the same shaft, which is thirty 
feet deep. 

Land:— There are 486,400 acres, of which 340,989 
are in a high state of agricultural development. Num- 
ber of farms, 3,585; average size, 135 acres; valued at 
$9,0X7,251. There are four characters of soil: level 
Photo ill heading: I'rcixiriii!/ Calhiuay Mules for the Morlicts. 

342 



4,171,305* 

609,251 i * 

383,510 * 

78,410 t 

3.040 t 

144* 

g.-ooo X 

1,350* 

90* 

97,300 X 

115,960* 



SI .201, 035 

366,4 40 

101,630 

501,825 

J 5,200 

145 

260 

r,.560 

160 

9,245 

37,105 

66,615 



!p2,307,220 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NU.MBEK 


VALUE 


Cattle 


32,913 


$1,069,675 


Horses 


12,554 


836,935 


Mules 


6,3:4 


473,550 


Asses and linnets 


335 


41,s75 


Sheep 


40,191 


1:^3,970 


Swine 


47,567 


476,670 


Chickens 


202,2761 




Turkeys 


8,464 1 


177,300 


Geese 


9,3)6 1 


Ducks 


1,486 1 




Swarms of Bees 


2,943 


6,000 


Honey 


98,900 : 
150,560:: 


12,260 


Wool 


25,090 


Milk 


2,854,182 § / 


211,270 


Butter 


464.202 X S 


Eggs 


1,075,860 II 


134,480 



$3,599,135 



X Pounds. 
§ Gallons 



CALLAWAY COUNTY. 



343 



prairie loam, common to 
northeast Missouri; brown 
loam loess, of the kind which 
characterizes the bluffs of the 
Missouri river; alluvial scil, 
the deposit of the river; red 
limestone clay, moderately 
flinty, as found in the Ozark 
mountain border. The first 
soil is common to three- 
fourths of the county. The 
alluvium borders the river. 
Loess bluffs join the bottom 
land at all points except in 
the southeast corner, where is 
a small strip of clay. In the 
latter place white oak grows, 
and the land is rough; farms 
are selling at from $5 to $20. 
Elsewhere timbered farms sell 
at $20 to $40 an acre, and orig- 
inal prairie farms are avail- 
able at $35 to $50 an acre. 

Manufactures: — Fire clay 
and kaolin products are man- 
ufactured extensively. There 
is an iron foundry at Fulton, 
and flouring and feed mills 
operate in a small way in dif- 
ferent points of the county. 

Schools: — Westminster 
College, for men, established 1853, now under joint care of Southern and North- 
ern Presbyterian Synods of Missouri; campus of eighteen acres; main buildings, 
Westminster Hall, the Chapel, Science Hall, and Reunion Hall. Libraries are 
among the best. Athletics, literary work, and Y. M. C. A. fostered. Synodical 
College, for women, under Presbyterian auspices, and William Woods College for 
young women, under auspices of the Christian church, are first grade boarding 

schools. 

Tsansportation:— Chicago & Alton, main line and branch, 41.20; Missouri, 

Kansas & Texas, 35.40 miles. 

Churches:— There are eighty-three in the county. 

T^j^vj^.g. —Fulton, population 4,883; besides three colleges, it has State hos- 
pital for Insane Number 1, and Missouri School for Deaf. This town has macad- 
amized streets, waterworks, sewerage sys- 
tem, electric lights. Monthly stock sales 
are a feature of commercial importance. 
They are attended widely. Mokane, pop- 
ulation 331; Cedar City, 287; and Aux- 
vasse, population, 337, are the other incor- 
porated towns. All are live stock centers, 
live stock shipping points, and are sup- 
ported by agricultural interests of their 
respective localities. 

Newspapers: — Fulton Missouri Tele- 
graph, Sun, Gazette, Twentieth Century, 
Journal; Cedar City Reporter-Chronicle; 
Mokane Herald-Post; Auxvasse Review; 
New Bloomfield News. 





g\^^ ? QAMDBN 




CAMDEN COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 

I ACKES I IKOUUCT | VALUE 



Tota 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



AMDBN is lo- 
cated in south- 
central Mis- 
souri, 40 miles 
southwest o f 
Jefferson City. It is concerned chiefly 
in production of railroad ties. In 
quantity produced it leads the State. Originally ninety- 
seven per cent of its 692 square miles of mountainous 
surface was a dense forest, from which but one-third 
commercial white oak has been removed. Ha Ha Tonka 
Springs, seven miles south of Linn Creek, on Niangua 
river, is a second feature of character. Of 442,880 acres 
ot laud, 1)111 N_',,s."37 is in a state of cultivation. There are 2,069 farms, embrac- 
ing, in lands for cereal production, pasture and firewood purposes, an average 
of 137.4 acres. Cattle, horses, mules, and hogs, raised largely upon free range, 
net in an aggregate income of one million dollars annually. 

Population: — White, 13,018; colored, 95; American 
born, 12,973; foreign born, 140; total, 13,113. Farm 
homes owned, 1,458; rented, 615; other homes owned, 
181; rented, 333; total families, 2,587. 

Finance : — County tax, 47 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 39 cents; assessed valuation, $2,048,189; sixty-six 
and two-thirds per cent of actual valuation. No county 
debt. No township debt. 

Timber: — Comprises white oak, post oak, hickory, 
black-jack, and, along streams, scattering elm, linwood, 
ash, sycamore, and hackberry varieties. White oak rail- 
road ties bring twenty-eight cents. Every farmer is en- 
gaged in their manufacture, cut mainly from land adja- 
cent Osage and Niangua rivers, rafted to Bagnell and 
there loaded upon railroad cars. 

Minerals: — Iron abounds. Kaolin deposits are 
large. A crystalline substance resembling onyx exists 
in large quantities in caves near Ha Ha Tonka Springs 
and near Barnumton. No mines. 

Land — Topography and Price: — Wholly mountain- 
ous. The main range is five hundred to seven hundred 
feet above corresponding valleys. Four-fifths is wild 
land, which can be bought for $3 to $10 an acre. The 
Osage river winds about through the entire northern 
part for sixty miles. Main tributaries are Niangua, 
Little Niangua, and Grand Auglaise rivers. Bordering 
all streams, upon one side, is the inevitable valley, less 
Pliotos in heading: Near Ha Ha Tonka Springs; Stalagmite in River Cave. 

344 



Corn 


34,283 


1,303,754* 


$ 384.310 


Wheat 


9.055 


172,045* 


94,625 


Odts 


3,51? 


.05,510* 


27,950 


Hay 


10,250 


15,:-'.85 t 


100,005 


h orage 


1,140 


1,4-J5 t 


7,125 


Flax 


10 


60* 


00 


Broom Corn 


26 


13,000 t 
27,300 I 


360 


Tobacco 


39 


2,595 


Potatoes 


489 


61,125* 


19,560 


Vegetables 


810 




35,305 



$671,895 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



I NUMBER 



14,225 


$ 391,190 


4,953 


297,180 


1,207 


78,4.-^5 


33 


2,970 


10,275 


30,825 


21,753 


217,530 


53,6261 




1,181 j 
2,967 { 


39,510 


1.467 1 




447 


1,255 


14,900 : 

27,830: 


],8(;5 


4.640 


1,295,400 § ( 
277,802 t i 


79,880 


383,510 II 


47,940 



$1,193,240 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons, 



Dozen. 



CAMDEN COUNTY. 



345 



than half a mile in 
width, location of the 
best farms. These 
usually sell at $25 
to $35 an acre, 
carrying with 
them gener- 
ally twice 




hill land, in addition to the 
perquisite of free live stock 
of limitless dimension. Entin 
are a rarity. The few are to 

Half hill, half creek bottom, $20 per acre. Residents 
own nearly all the land. Soil varies from first class black, water deposit compo- 
sition in the river bottoms, to rocky clay in the hills. Blue stem grass grows wild. 

The Frisco railroad cuts across southeast corner, and has six miles of track 
therein. Wagon roads follow ridges or valleys, and profit from Nature's gravel- 
ing. Small boats occasionally ply the Osage and Niangua rivers and afford trans- 
portation for railroad ties. 

Sunday Schools: — Total number, forty-two. Linn Creek has Methodist and 
Christian churches, each supporting its Sunday School. In rural districts relig- 
ious services are held in school houses. 

Concrete School Houses: — Rural district school buildings are frequently 
concrete construction. Floors are of hardwood and roofs of slieetiron or rough 
boards. Material is at hand; labor contributed. Concrete proves warm in winter 
and cool in summer. 

Ha Ha Tonka Springs: — Reached by overland drive from Lebanon, on the 
Frisco; or from Bagnell, on the Missouri Pacific railroad; is a summer resort of 
some consequence. Spring of clear water flows from ground in volume sufficient 
to supply St. Louis. A summer 
hotel accommodates less than 
fifty guests, and many parties 
camp at the spring, or upon the 
Niangua river, which affords the 
angler striped and black bass, 
jack salmon, buffalo, catfish, 
carp, and other fish. Arnhold's 
Mill and Climax Springs are 
other favorite camping places 

for summer visitors. Wild tur- raising angora goats is profitable. 

keys, squirrels, deer, quail and, occasionally, beavers are killed. Mountain 
scenery is further enchantment. 

Linn Creek is county seat. 

Newspapers: — Linn Creek Reveille, News; Mack's Creek Rustic. 



'^-^^m. 







CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



CAPE GIRARDEAU is one hundred miles south of St. Louis. It is one 
of tlie old settled, wealthy counties of southeast Missouri, and owes 
its prestige to agriculture, schools and to the fact that it has long 
been the freight distributing point for a large area. It borders Mis- 
souri's delta lands on the south and the Mississippi river on the east. 
Heretofore freight has come chiefly by boat to the landing at Cape Girardeau, the 
largest town. Within the present year the St. Louis and San Francisco railroad 
has finished a line which parallels the Mississippi river from St. Louis to Cape 
Girardeau, adding further freight importance to the latter city, which has also 
been made the railroad division point. Wheat is the 
leading agricultural product. Corn, horses and mules, 
cattle, hogs, a high grade flour, railroad rock ballast 
and stone for the United States government river im- 
provement are important sources of revenue. Land sur- 
face measures 540 square miles, 340,600 acres, of which 
211,544 acres, are in improved farms to the number of 
2,576. Farms average in total acreage of tillable, pas- 
ture, and other lands, 135.5; actual aggregate value 
$6,041,725. 

Timber: — Originally a heavy growth of tim- 
ber, in great variety, grew. White, red, black, post, 
and burr oak; gumwood, yellow poplar, black walnut, 
sycamore, ash, hickory, sassafras, and mulberry were 
prominent varieties. Sixty-flve per cent is now re- 
moved, leaving only red gum, or satin walnut, ash and 
white oak in commercial quantity. 

Minerals: — Kaolin, crystal sand and limestone. 
Two mines of kaolin, one at Jackson and the second be- 
tween Jackson and Cape Girardeau are worked to 
profit. Crushed rock for railroad and river work is a 
large industry base. Crushers are at work along the 
giant limestone bluffs, which guard against the Missis- 
sippi's encroachment. Sand is imbedded in rock form. 
It easily disintegrates. Sand lands are available at $15 

to $30 per acre. 

Land: — Chiefly hill land, though embracing thirty 
Photo in hcddinn : Slate Normal School, Caiic (liranlcaii. Dinlrict \o, 3. 

.■^46 





ACRES 


I'ROniXT 


\A1.UE 


Corn 


:W,220 


1,242,150* 


$ 465,805 


Wheat 


71,610 


1,074,12.5* 


633,680 


Oats 


7,956 


230.725 * 


76,910 


Hay 


18.024 


27,035 t 


324,420 


Forage 


2,,515 


2.926 t 


14,675 


Hroom Corn 


14 


7,000 t 


195 


Clover Seed 




730 * 


4,015 


Grass Si-ed 




75* 


165 


Tobacco 


19 


1.3,490 t 


1,.3.'J0 


Potatoes 


CIO 


64,050* 


30,745 


Vegetables 


720 




.37,615 



I 11,589,605 



LIVESTOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NL'MliER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


15,770 


$ 394,259 


Horses 


6,875 


413,500 


Mules 


3,205 


208,325 


Asses and Jennets 


70 


0,300 


Sheep 


9,221 


27,663 


Swine 


35,691 


356,910 


Chickens 


101,9 i3 1 




1 urkeys 
Geese 


4,910 ', 
. 6,t;l6 f 


97,913 


Ducks 


l;D09 1 




Swarms of Bees 


> ' 2,073 


3,620 


Honev 


69,100 t 
45,!t90 I 


8,638 


Wool' 


7,665 


Milk 
Butler 


2,009,604 § j 
389,150 X \ 


180,115 


Eggs 


488,210 II 


61,025 



11,764,951 



J Pounds. 
II Gallons. 



Dozen. 



CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 



347 




thousand acres of Mississippi river 
bottom and nineteen thousand acres 
of lowlands, the latter lying south of 
the old Cape Girardeau-Bloomfield 
rock road, which marks the border- 
ing bluffs. Twenty-six thousand acres 
of bottom lie in one body, a few miles 
down the river from the city of Cape 
Girardeau. The soil is Mississippi 
river deposit black and fertile of 
age. One-third of this is second, im- 
proved bottom land, worth $35 to 
$45; remainder is unimproved, worth 
$20 to $30. Four thousand acres of 
same lie in one body upon the river 
at a point due east of Jackson; prices 
are same. Strip of lowlands de- 
scribed average $20 an acre in price. 
Soil is a mixture of black loam and 
clay marl to endless depth. Land is 
generally unimproved. Sawmills are 
rapidly converting these forests into 
farms. Uplands are light clay loam 
where thrive yellow poplar, pawpaw 
and mulberry. Eight per cent are to 
be had at $15; twenty-five per cent 
at $15 to $30; fifty per cent at $35 to 
$40; fifteen per cent at $50 to $60; 
and the remaining two per cent, ad- 
jacent to Jackson and Cape Girar- 
deau, average $60 to $70 per acre. 

Land tracts in lowlands are much larger than elsewhere. Limestone bluffs are 
frequently 300 to 400 feet high along the Mississippi and bordering the low- 
lands. Estimated 6,000 acres bluff land herein bearing stone at four cents per 
cubic foot. 

Population:— White, 22,327; colored, 1,988; American born, 22,977; foreign 
born, 1,338; total, 24,315. Estimated German and German descent, fifty per cent. 
Cape Girardeau wasi originally a French settlement. Farm homes owned, 2,032; 
rented, 603; town homes owned, 1,101; rented, 1,163; total families, 4,899. 

Finance: — County tax, 35 cents; school tax, from 10 cents to $1; avei'age, 44; 
total assessed valuation, $6,427,056; assessed valuation per cent of real valua- 
tion, 40 per cent. No county debt; township debt, $108,000. 

Manufactures: — Flour, rock ballast, pressed brick, staves, barrel headings, 
hardwood lumber, wagon spokes and hubs, bent wood products, ice, kaolin pow- 
der and shirts are made. Nine flour mills are located here; two at Jackson; two 
at Cape Girardeau; one each at Oak Ridge, Bufordsville, Pocahontas, Millers- 
ville and Arnsberg. 

Railroads, Steamboats and Turnpike Roads: — Iron Mountain and Frisco, 
main lines and branches, afford outlet to main towns, the latter making Cape 
Girardeau a leading railroad and distributing point. Three lines of steamboats 
give freight service. Turnpike roads connect Cape Girardeau, Jackson, and 
Bufordsville; and Cape Girardeau and Scott county, a total of thirty miles. 

Schools: — State Normal School, for teachers, established 1873, at Cape Gi- 
rardeau; free tuition; psychology and pedagogy, mathematics, sciences, history, 
languages, manual training, elocution, vocal music, political economy; library of 
three thousand volumes; students, 363. Jackson and Cape Girardeau have high 
schools approved by University of Missouri. A military academy at Jackson, for 
boys, and St. Vincent's School, for girls, are at Cape Girardeau. 

Newspapers: — Cape Girardeau Progress, Democrat, Republican; Jackson 
Cash Book, Herald, Volksfreund. 




apanese 

WALNUTS. 




CARROLL has a larger acreage of Missouri river bottom land than any 
other county in the State; and Missouri river bottom is as famous for 
fertility as the "Valley of the Nile. Naturally does it follow, then, 
that after feeding four million dollars worth of live stock each year, 
Carroll county farmers sell a surplus of $2,710,200 worth of corn. 
North of the alluvial soil lies a belt of brown loam loess land ideally adapted to 
fruit growth. Barrels of apples grown here are shipped to Europe. The balance 
of the land is prairie, soil of blackest hue, where are located many of the fine 
livestock farms, for which the county is also noted. Some coal is mined within 
che county. Manufacturing is carried on to considerable extent, and a manufac- 
turers' aid association at Carrollton offers inducement to further manufacturing. 

Pofulation: — White, 25,123; colored, 1,332; Amer- 
ican born, 25,657; foreign born, 798; total, 26,455. 
Farm homes owned, 2,407; rented, 1,165; other homes 
owned, 1,204; rented, 907; total families, 5,683. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax averages 46 cents; total 
assessed valuation, $10,111,364; farms are assessed at 
25 per cent of actual valuation, and town lots upon a 
basis of one-third. No indebtedness. 

Timbers — Formerly there was an abundance of 
Cottonwood, elm, black oak, hazel, walnut, hickory and 
sugar tree timbers. There is now no commercial quan- 
tity of any kind. 

Minerals: — Annual production of coal amounts to 
approximately two thousand tons. It is locally con- 
sumed. It is the same seam worked in Ray county, 
overlaid with a roof which avoids the necessity of 
timbering, but lack of railroad facilities at the partic- 
ular locality, retards in this regard the development of 
the section. 

Land:^ — Three topographies; three soils; three 
prices. Along the Missouri and Grand rivers are broad 
belts of alluvial lands, embracing almost one-third of 
the county. This land is devoted chiefly to the pro- 
duction of corn and other cereals. Soil is inex- 
haustible, known to be in some places fifty feet thick. 
Generally it contains sand in desirable proportion anri 
Cijirroll County Farm Views. 
348 



CARROLL COUNTY'S 190: 


CROP 


1 ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


148,.342 


8,603,836 * 


$2,710,200 


Wheat 


24.657 


(;41,080* 


?68,620 


Oats 


9,0.53 


298,750 * 


77,675 


Hay 


44,224 


88,450 t 


495,320 


Forage 


4,855 


6,475 t 


33,375 


Flax 


24 


240* 


250 


Broom Corn 


23 


13,650 t 


3.50 


Clover Seed 




560* 


3,080 


Grass Seed 




10,500 * 


16,275 


Tobacco 


248 


283,200 t 


22,320 


Potatoes 


1,544 


185,280 * 


44,470 


Vegetables 


1,125 




52,060 


Total 1 


1 


1 $3,822,995 


LIVE STOCK / 


LND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 1 


NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




39,614 




$1,287,455 


Horses 




14,.325 




955.0(10 


Mules 




5,227 




392,025 


Asses and Jennets 




96 




9,600 


Sheep 




9, .50 4 




31,680 


Swine 




78,831 




788.310 


Chickens 




214,8631 






Turkeys 
Geese 




5,598 ', 
4.732 r 




185,100 


Ducks 




3,596 J 






Swarms of Bees 




• 2,748 


5,770 


Honey 




91,600 t 
44,475 t, 


11.4.50 


Wool 




7,410 


Milk 


3,- 


109.164 § I 




185,580 


Butter 




525,994 t \ 




Kggs 




1,181,600 II 


147,700 


Total 1 


1 


$4,007,080 


* Bushels. t Pour 


Ids. II Do 


zen. 


t Tons. § Gall 


ons. 





Photos in heading : 



CARROLL COUNTY. 



349 




sfells at $85 an acre. A small acreage lacking sand and therefore less productive, 
may be bought at $40 an acre. Something over one-third of the county is em- 
braced in the character of land which is next encountered from the rivers. It 
is land of silt formation, porous to great depths and sustaining a top soil of 
splendid fertility. This upland, together with 100,000 acres of black soil prairie 
in the northwest corner of the county, comprises the balance of the county. Its 
farms are finely improved and are largely devoted to the breeding of live stock. 
Carroll county embraces 690 square miles of land surface, 441,600 acres, of which 
371,073 acres are included in improved farms. Farms number 3,692, of an aver- 
age size of 113.6 acres. The aggregate valuation of the farms is, according to 
present selling price, $12,769,029. 

Manufactures: — Farm wagons and buggies, haying machinery, brick and 
tiling and cigars are manufactured. There are two wagon factories which sell 
well-built jobs throughout Missouri and southern Iowa. Two brick and tile fac- 
tories employ a large number of men and sell tile in markets adjoining the rivers 
of the State. Creamery products are made in a small way. 

Transportation:— Wabash main line, Kansas City to St. Louis, crosses the 
county at the south side; Santa Fe parallels the Wabash; and Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Kansas City leaves Carrollton in a northerly direction. 

Schools: — Public school system of 
eminently high grade. Norborne and 
Carrollton high schools are approved 
by the State University. 

Towns: — Carrollton, county seat, 
population, 3,854; Norborne, 1,189; De- 
Witt, 550; Hale, 665; Bosworth, 401; 
Tina, 368; Wakenda, 329; Bogard, 276, 
are the incorporated towns. 

Mineral Springs: — Two near Car- 
rollton. GATIIEriJTG THE GOLDEN GRAIN. 

Newspapers: — Carrollton: Democrat, Republican-Record; Norborne Demo- 
crat, Leader, Jeffersonian; Tina Herald; Bosworth Star-Sentinel; Hale Hustler, 
Leader; DeWitt Farmers' Herald; Bogard Dispatch. 





CARTER COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACKES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Cori. 


10,756 


268,900 * 


$100,825 


Wheat 


1,511 


21,i55* 


12,480 


Oats 


t)73 


20,190 * 


6.730 


Hay 


1,602 


2,405 t 


28,860 


Forage 


720 


840 t 


4,200 


Tobacco 


13 


9,230 t 


925 


Potatoes 


173 


15,916* 


7,640 


Vegetables 


130 




8,395 



4; American 
Farm homes 
owned, 216; 



Total 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turlceys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Hutter 

Eggs 



Total 



* Bushe 
t Tons. 



TIMBER and natural scenery command in Carter county. The surface 
is mountainous, at one time covered by unbrolven forests of pine 
and hardwoods. County is situated second above the Arlcansas border 
and is the fifth west of the Mississippi river. One of the largest 
yellow pine mills in Missouri is located at Grandin, within the 
county. Railroad ties of white oak are shipped to the extent of 350,000 a year. 
Current river, flowing south through center of county, furnishes tie transporta- 
tion, and gives rise to Carter's just claim to picturesqueness. Club houses are 
located along this stream. Fishing, hunting, cave ex- 
ploring, boating and bathing attract summer camping 
parties. Commercial orcharding is to come. One orch- 
ard at Hunter has two hundred and fifty acres, and one 
at Elsinore a hundred. 

Population: — White, 6,702; colored, 
born, 6,651; foreign born, 55; total, 6,706 
owned, 373; rented, 182; other homes 
rented, 514; total families, 1,285. 

Finance: — County tax, 45 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax, from 30 cents to $1.35; assessed 
valuation, $1,648,483; assessed valuation per cent of 
actual value, improved lands, 40; wild lands are as- 
sessed at $1.25 an acre; no county debt; no township 
debt. 

Timber:- — Mainly pine, white oak, black oak, hick- 
ory. Pine lands cut an average of 4,000 feet per acre. 
They are largely cut over. There are ten sawmills, 
largest at Grandin. 

Minerals: — Iron ore exists in eastern and western 
border strips of six miles width east. Near Elsinor, 
Chilton and McDonald it is most evident. Lead and 
copper traces have been found. 

Land: — County area, 500 square miles, equal to 
320,000 acres, of which 22,873 acres are cultivated. 
Number of farms, 554, average size, 115.7 acres, in- 
cluding land of various characters. Actual aggregate 
value, $1,793,959. Surface embraces three distinct types 
Photos in heading: On Current River; Yclloiv Pine Mills at Qrandin. 



$170,055 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



NUMBER I VALUE 



4,698 

1,000 

630 

10 

630 

11,440 

15,7891 

190 I 

688 f 

662 J 

416 

13,867 1 

1 ,990 } 

402,410 § ) 

77,225 t S 

10,'S,200 II 



I 105,705 

60,000 

37,800 

900 

1,890 

114,400 

9,260 

931 

1,733 

332 

32,030 

13.150 



378.121 



X Pounds. 
§ Gallons, 



Dozen. 



350 



CARTER COUNTY. 



351 




of land: first, hill land, in 
many places mountainous; 
second, flatwoods; third, 
river and creek bottoms. 
Of the first class seventy- 
five per cent is rocky. It is 
estimated that more than 
one-half of entire county is 
thus too rough for the 
plow. Soil is clay. Eighty- 
seven thousand acres of 
this land sold within the 
past year for $1 an acre, 
pine timber having been 
removed. Much of it may 
be had at 25 cents an acre. 
It is adapted to fruit tree 
growth. Hills are less 
steep in eastern part of 
county, growing larger to the northwest. Second division includes one hundred 
square miles of high flat pine woodland around Hunter; wheat and hay land. 
Thirdly, the river bottom land is black loam, corn soil. Here are found the 
farms, worth $10 to $15 an acre, when improved; unimproved, $5 an acre. Farm 
improvements are best near Van Buren and Hunter. Cleared land within one 
mile of Van Buren may be bought for $10. It is in good state of cultivation. 

Manufactories:^ — At Grandin, a lumber company operates a mill with 285,- 
000 feet sawing and 200,000 feet daily planing capacity; 1,211 men employed in 
woods and various mill departments; annual production^ 75,000,000 feet; 110,000 
acres uncut land; 14 drying sheds; 40 acres piled with stock lumber; electric 
lights, hospital, hotel, store, library, depot, sixty miles company telephone. Van 
Buren has two small sawmills and grist mill; Elsinore a sawmill. 

Transportation: — St. Louis, Memphis and Southeastern, 11.80; Frisco (Cur- 
rent river route), 35.67 miles taxed road. 

Churches: — Grandin has Baptist, Methodist, Congregational, Unitarian and 
Catholic; Van Buren, Baptist and Methodist. Elsinore, two church organizations. 

Churches: — Grandin has Baptist, Metho- 
dist, Congregational, Unitarian and Catholic; 
Van Buren, Baptist and Methodist. Elsinore, 
two church organizations. 

Fishing and Hunting: — Two permanent 
club houses have been erected upon Current 
river. One of these places is open the year 
'round, proving Carter county both a summer 
and a winter resort. A number of caves filled 
with Missouri onyx are found along Current 
river. Bass, salmon and game fish of other 
kinds are gigged and hook-caught from clear 
water of Current river. Deer, wild turkeys, 
and small game killed in mountains. 

Towns: — Grandin, purely a sawmill town, 
entire population employed in local mill. Van 
Buren, county seat, situated in Current river 
valley, surrounded on two sides by high moun- 
tains, is farming center; Elsinore, sawmill 
town and fruit market; Hunter, junction for 
railroads. 

Newspapers: — Van Buren Current Local. 




^«^ 



shavings are carried away by machinery 
and later are burned. 




CASS Is great in the production of corn and hay, in cattle, horses, mules 
and hogs. Its proximity to Kansas City makes it also prominent in 
dairying. Commercially it is a double-centered county. Pleasant 
Hill, towards the northeastern part of Cass county, is the largest 
town, draws from a large territory and has important commercial 
Interests among which is a nursery and greenhouse, one of the most extensive in 
Missouri. At the center of the county is Harrisonville, county seat, almost as 
large as Pleasant Hill, with the advantages of a first class railroad center. Rail- 
roads approach this city from eight different directions. Cass is twenty miles 
south of Kansas City, and is upon the ir:;nsas line. Corn and cattle exports 
amount annually to more than $1,0' ,) for every farm in the county. Corn sur- 
plus exceeds the two million dollar mark, and more than one-third million dol- 
lars worth of cattle are sold. Horses and mules also rise above the million dollar 
mark. County embraces 688 square miles of land surface, mostly undulating 
prairie. 

Population: — "White, 23,044; colored, 592; American born, 23,229; foreign 
born, 407; total, 23,636. Fai'm honips owned, 2,007; rented, 1,164; other homes 
owned, 1,293; rented, 833; total families, 5,297. 

Finance: — County tax, 30 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 20 cents to $1.70, av- 
erage, 46 cents; total assessed valuation, $9,735,198; as- 
sessed valuation is estimated at one-third the actual 
valuation. County debt, $570,000; township debt, 
$364,000. 

Timber: — Timber was confined to the streams. It 
consisted of oak, elm, walnut, hickory, sycamore. Com- 
mercial timbe-. exhausted. 

Minerals:— At Creighton, in the south central part 
of the county, a coal mine was opened in 1896 and 
mined one thousand tons that year. The output grad- 
ually increased until 1900 when, because of refusal to 
comply with State regulations, the mine was ordered 
closed. The quality of product is good. Shaft is 156 
feet deep. A tram road half a mile in length connects 
it with railroads. Clays of various compositions are 
found throughout the county, and limestone of a good 
quality is quarried on a small scale. 

Land: — The acreage of the county is 440,320, of 
which 363,474 acres are in a high state of cultivation. 
There are 3.225 farms of an average size of 127.7 acres. 
According to present selling prices, farm lands would 
aggregate a valuation of $13,767,132. These farms are 
devoted to live stock raising and cereal growing. The 
soil is generally a limestone shale clay of dark color 
and splendid fertility. As a whole the county topo- 



CASS COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


142,127 


6,395,715 * 


|2,014,6.'i0 


Wheat 


18,824 


423,540 * 


232 .945 


Oais 


7.280 


233,150 * 


61 785 


Hay 


57,013 


96,920 t 


581,520 


F"orage 


4,135 


5,515 t 


27,575 


Flax 


11,534 


46,L36 * 


47,980 


Broom Corn 


22 


12,100 t 


335 


Clover Seed 




5,000 * 


28,000 


Grass Seed 




6.810 * 


10,890 


Tobacco 


20 


13.000 t 


1,300 


Potatoes 


1,074 


150,:^60 * 


52,625 


Veget.ibles 


1,000 




58,370 


Total 1 1 


1 $3,117,975 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


V.'\LUE 


Cattle 


ii,i:3o 




§1,336,850 


Horses 


14,702 




984,135 


Mules 


3,502 




262,650 


Asses and Jennets 


lOG 




10,600 


Sheep 


8,800 




26,420 


Swine 


85,758 




857,580 


Chickens 


205, 94 n 






Turkeys 
Geese 


7,098 1 
3,:j01 c 




104,190 


Ducks 


2,70Sj 






Swarms of Bees 


3,171 




9.0,^0 


Honey 


103,700 t 




13,210 


Wool 


33,0(10 t 




3,510 


Milk 


3,700,220 § ) 
053,300 t i 




227,445 


Butter 




Eggs 


1,061,750 11 




132,720 


Total 1 1 


$4,028,360 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Doi 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photos in leading: 
Cass County Corn. 



Kellogg Orecnhouse at Pleasant Hill — 3Z5,000 Square Feet of Glass; 



CASS COUNTY 



353 



graphically Is one gently 
rolling prairie, with small 
streams intersecting at in- 
frequent intervals. Farms 
are well improved with good 
fencing, large stock barns, 
windmill wells and comfort- 
able dwellings. These may 
be bought at $40 to $.50 an 
acre. The broken, stream- 
bordering land is available 
at $30 an acre. 

Manufactures : — These 
are of local importance only. 
Brick and flour are chief, 
manufactured at the princi- 
pal towns. 

Transportation : — These 
facilities are excellent, af- 
fording train service into 
Kansas City at every hour 
of the day. Through service 
is had also to St. Louis. 
Railroads centering in the 
county are Missouri Pacific, 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas, Kansas City Southern, St. Louis & San Francisco, 
Kansas City, Clinton & Springfield, main lines and various branches. 

Schools: — There are three high schools, one at Harrisonville, Pleasant 
Hill and Belton. 

Towns:— Pleasant Hill, population 2,002; Harrisonville, population 1,844, 
county seat; and Belton, population 1,005, are the largest towns, supported by 
live stock, farming, railroads and manufacturing. Garden City, population 574; 
Drexel, 453; East Lynne, 353; Creighton, 360; Archie, 285; Freeman, 260; Ray- 
more, 271; Gunn City, 147; Westline, 131; Peculiar, 104, are the incorporated 
towns. Bach is the trading point and livestock center of its respective locality. 
Newspapers: — Harrisonville: Cass County Democrat, Retort, Cass County 
Leader, Cass News; Pleasant Hill: Local, Times; Belton Herald; Garden City: 
The Garden City Views, Enterprise; Drexel Star; Creighton News. 





PANORAMA OF HARRISONVILLE. 



Mo. — 23 




CEDAR COUNTY'S 190^ CROP 



I ACRES I PRODUCT I VALrP. 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



GEDAR is the second county east of Kansas and the fourth north of 
Arkansas. It lies upon the northern slope of the Ozark mountains, 
although its surface is seldom mountainous. The county is a farm 
plat. Of its 317,440 acres, 185,840 are in cultivation. Corn, wheat, 
oats, timothy, blue grass, red and white clover, vegetables, apples, 
strawberries, and live stock are the products of farms. Surplus farm products 
amount to three and one-half million dollars a year, more than $200 for each 
man, woman and child in the county. A special feature of Cedar is its water- 
ing places. Eldorado Springs, in the northwest corner of the county, has a 
population of 2,137, and is the home of as many more people during the warm 
summer months. 

Population: — White, 16,878; colored, 45; American born, 16,756; foreign 
born, 167; total, 16,923. Farm homes owned, 1,880; 
rented, 916; other homes owned, 468; rented, 411; total 
families, 3,675. The principal foreign population is 
German, in vicinity of Jerico Springs. 

Finance: — County tax, 55 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax, from ten cents to $1.25; 
average, 50 cents; total assessed valuation, $3,847,753; 
assessed valuation per cent of actual value, sixty-six 
and two-thirds; no county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Originally oak, hickory, sycamore, wal- 
nut, maple, ash and pecan grew upon three-fifths of the 
county surface. Two-thirds of entire acreage of county 
is now timber ridden. On flats trees were smaller than 
elsewhere. In bottoms growth was one to three feet 
through. Large tracts no more exist; largest are in 
north end, in extent 2,000 to 3,000 acres. Hardwood 
lumber, $1 to $1.50 per hundred; cordwood, $1.50. 

MfNERALs: — Coal is found near Jerico, Eldorado 
Springs, Caplinger Mills and Claud. Seventy-five men 
are employed periodically. Iron traces are not worked. 
Claysvof all types are used only locally. 

Land: — County area, 496 square miles; improved 
farms, 2,765; average size, 101 acres; estimated actual 
value, $4,301,936. Surface is widely diversified, ofttimes 
level, sometimes rough and precipitous along streams, 
but little mountainous. Big Sac river, Little Sac, Ce- 
dar, Bear, and Horse creeks traverse county and define 
broad, fertile valleys, bounded with blulTs. East side of 



Corn 


66,830 


2,405,880 * 


I 757,850 


Wheat 


27,738 


485,415 * 


266,980 


Oats 


7,529 


180,695 * 


47,885 


Hay 


44,819 


66,480 t 


,332,400 


Forage 


2, .535 


3,380 t 


16,900 


Flax 


1,573 


6,292 * 


6,545 


Brootn Corn 


4 


2,200 t 


60 


Clover Seed 




30* 


170 


Grass Seed 




87.S* 


1,400 


Tobacco 


56 


36,400 t 


3.640 


Potatoes 


730 


73.000 * 


25,550 


Vegetables 


935 




40,520 



$l,4ii9,900 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KI 


ND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 




19,903 


.1! 497,575 


Horses 




8.274 


551,600 


W ules 




2,013 


140,910 


Asses an 


1 Jennets 


57 


5,130 


Sheep 




5,1V 3 


15, .520 


Swine 




.30,080 


300,800 


Chickens 




149,6891 




Turkeys 
Geese 




4,688 1 
3,645 f 


106,055 


Ducks 




3,885 J 




Swarms of Bees 


1.434 


3,705 


Honey 




47,800 t 


5,975 


Wool 




17,350 t 


2,890 


Milk 




2,417,404 § 1 


124,440 


Butter 




510,112 n 


Eggs 




1,077,41011 


134.675 



t Pounds 
§ Gallons 



Dozen. 



I'hoto in heading: liinl's Eye View, Stockton. 



354 



CEDAR COUNTY. 



355 




county is broken, with the hills reaching 200 feet above valleys adjacent. Up- 
lands therein are of deep red clay soil adapted best to wheat. This character of 
country extends to the north and northeast, where it is more broken. Western 
one-fourth is largely gently rolling prairie. In addition to this, there is a 
small prairie east of Eldorado. Prai- 
rie soil varies in color from deep 
black to ashy and red. Farms are 
well improved. Prices range as fol- 
lows: Best improved farms, includ- 
ing bottom farms, prairie farms and 
levelest hill farms of red soil, 
amounting to three-eighths of county, 
$25 to $35 an acre; one-eighth of 
same, $35 to $40. Uplands, embrac- 
ing three-eighths addition, $15 to $25 
an acre; bluff land, timbered and un- 
improved, embracing one-eighth, $5 
to $15 an acre. 

Manufactured Products : — Flour, 
tiling, axe handles, brooms, are made 
in quantities equal to local demand. 
Flouring mills are located at Jerico, 
Stockton, Eldorado, and Caplinger. 
Transportation : — Missouri, Kan- 
sas & Texas railroad touches north- 
west corner, at Eldorado Springs, having two miles of track within county. A 
road is proposed thence to Stockton. There are fifteen steel wagon bridges in 
county. 

Schools: — Six to nine months in each of eighty-seven school districts. High 
schools at Eldorado and Stockton. 

Springs and Caves: — Cedar is noted for its 
springs and caves of large size and unusual beauty. 
Eldorado Springs, with 
a population of 1,543 is 
builded upon patronage 
attracted by the heal- 
ing properties of several 
springs at that point. 
Here is located a park, 
the resort of two thou- 
sand people each sum- 
mer. Stockton, county «oats are money makers. 
seat, is situated above a great cave, from which 
flows a never-ceasing stream of clear, cool water. 
Jerico Springs, Arnica Springs, Cedar Springs and 
Sulphur Springs near Caplinger Mills, are also fav- 
orite watering places of lesser magnitude. 

Fishing: — Good fishing is afforded at each of 
the Springs. Gigging is a favorite pastime. Bass, 
catfish, trout and jacksalmon are caught. 

Newspapers: — Stockton Republican, Journal; 
Jerico Optic; Eldorado Springs Sun, News. 





a cedar county sample. 




UNEXCELLED in fertility, Chariton county gives its life and useful- 
ness to stock raising and general farming. The county is bounded 
on the south by the Missouri river and by the Chariton on the west. 
Its live stock surplus attains the elevation of four millions of dol- 
lars worth a year, and in addition to feeding this large amount of 
live stock, more than two million dollars worth of corn and hay are sold. Dis- 
tinctive productions of the agricultural department of the county are tobacco, 
sugar cane, and potatoes. Small sorghum molasses mills and creameries are 
found throughout the county. The physical area is 740 square miles, equivalent 
to 473,600 acres. In cultivation are 350,567 acres. Farms number 3,805, with 
an average acreage of 118.4, worth, by actual present price figures, $9,513,228. 
Blue grass is native to all soils. 

Population: — White, 23,580; colored, 3,246; American born, 25,830; foreign 
born, 996; total, 26,826. Fai'm homes owned, 2,519; rented, 1,247; other homes 
owned, 916; rented, 808; total families, 5,490. 

Finance :^ — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax, from seven cents to $1.25; 
average, 45 cents; total assessed valuation, $9,362,042; 
assessment based upon 40 per cent valuation; no county 
debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Formerly all varieties of oak, walnut, 
mulberry, hickory, ash, linden, hackberry, cottonwood, 
sycamore, and maple were found. One-tenth of the land 
was of scrub oak covering in this respect, and the bal- 
ance bore large growth timbers, especially so in the 
bottoms. Timber originally covered slightly more than 
one-half of the land acreage. One-half of this amount 
has been clean-cut and put into cultivable shape; the 
remainder yet remains timbered with part of the larg- 
est size trees removed. There is yet considerable tim- 
ber of commercial size. 

Minerals: — Coal mines are now, as for many 
years, worked only during the fall and winter months 
to supply the local demand. At Salisbury, at a depth of 
150 feet, coal is found. A vein near the surface is 
worked in a small way at Brunswick, Indian Grove, 
Guthridge Mills, Keytesville, Newcomer, and Salisbury. 
Vein is from 18 to 42 inches thick. 

Land: — All the various land lays are presented, 
from high rolling prairie to low overflow bottom. One- 
half of the county lying in the north side is high rolling 
prairie and readily sells at $60 an acre. The soil is a 
Sol Smith Russell and his old home; I'louhuj by Steam, 



CHARITON COUNTY'S 1002 CROP 


1 ACRK.S 1 FRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


94,016 


5,170 880 * 


$1 ,.525,4 10 


Wheat 


26.980 


674,600* 


370,975 


Oats 


5,947 


225.985 * 


59,885 


Hay 


48,1.37 


96,175 1 


481,375 


Forage 


7,460 


9,325 t 


46,6-.'5 


Flax 


14 


84* 


85 


Broom Corn 


.5 


2,500 t 


70 


Clover Seed 




320* 


1,790 


Grass Seed 




11,700* 


:il,0li() 


Tobacco 


750 


525,700 t 


4U,'t42 


Potatoes 


2,047 


396,815 * 


94,980 


Vegetables 


1,250 




— 


.55,895 


Total 1 1 


1 i?2.708,09-2 


LIVESTOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KI.ND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


47,433 




»1,4J2.990 


Horses 


14,890 




992,065 


Mules 


4,853 




363,975 


Asses and Jennets 


111 




11,100 


Sheep 


9,285 




2T,855 


Swine 


55,007 




550.070 


Chickens 


241,743 ■> 






Turkeys 


5,736 1 




1.57 490 


Geese 


4,426 j 






Ducks 


3,SH5 J 






Swarms of Bees 


4,010 




10,375 


Honey 


l;i0,9()7 1 
38,500 t 




16,745 


Wool 




6,415 


Milk 


3,384,070 § ( 
(530,156 t f 




184,935 


Butter 




Eggs 


1,457,210 II 




182,1.50 


Total 1 1 


$3,925,865 


* Bushels. 1 Pounds. || Do 


sen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photos in heading: 



CHARITON COUNTY. 



357 



deep, black vegetable loam of fine fertility. In depth it averages 32 inches. Much 
of this land is pastured and as a result has long ago become substantially set in 
blue grass, which is indigenous. The Missouri river bottoms embrace an acreage 
equal to one-tenth of the county's area. Usually the land is above overflow. The 
soil is that alluvium which leads the world in cereal production. Bottom farms 
sell at $60 an acre. Northwest from Keytesville to the county line lies a brown 
loam soil of loess char- 
acter, wherein fruit, 
hay and wheat are 
grown to eminent ad- 
vantage. It is rolling, 
was originally timbered 
and sells at $40 an acre. 
One-tenth of the county 
is scrub oak land, worth 
$25 to $30 an acre. 
Lastly, there is a one- 
tenth portion of un- 
drained creek bottoms 
which may be had at 
$15 to $20 an acre. Won- 
ders have been worked 
with some of this land 
drained. 

Manufactories : — Flour- 
ing mills, tiling plant, sorghum 
mills, and small creameries consti 
tute the manufactories. The tile mat 
ing factory is located at Brunswick. Clay 
of splendid properties for this purpose is 
found here. The product finds sale in Missouri 
markets, including a local market of considerable 
extent. 

Transportation: — Three main railroads: Wabash, 
Burlington and Santa Fe routes. The last named 
trunk line from Kansas City to Chicago: Wabash operates the 
main Kansas City-St. Louis, and Omaha-St. Louis lines through 
the south and west parts of Chariton county. The Burlington, Kansas City to 
Chicago, crosses the northwest corner. 

Fishing: — Grand river, Chariton 

river and the Missouri afford fishing. 
There is also a lake near Sumner, in 
the northwest corner of the county 
which is the resort of many camping 
parties in summer. 

Towns: — Brunswick, population 
1,403, is junction of the Wabash lines; 
Salisbury, population 1,847, is termi- 
nal for a branch line connecting Glas- 
gow with the main line Wabash: 
Keytesville, 1,127, is the county seat: 
Triplett, 342; Mendon, 252; Dal ton, 
223; Cunningham, 160; and Sumnei- 
are the leading towns, all supported in 
the main by live stock and general 
agriculture. 

Newspapers : — Brunswick Bruns 
wicker; Keytesville Courier, Signal 





Mendon 
Salisbury Press-Spectator; Triplett Tribune; Sumner Star. 



POULTRY raising IS PROFITABLE. 

Citizen: Salisbury Democrat; 




CHRX^XI>^rN 



CHRISTIAN COUNTY'S m-i CHOP 





ACRES 1 


Corn 


42,579 


Wheat 


36,458 


Oius 


5,89:? 


Hay 


12,150 


Forage 


1,630 


Broom Coi n 


9 


Clover Seed 




Grass Seed 




Cotton 


10 


Tobacco 


4G 


Potatoes 


554 


Vegetables 


880 



PROnUCT I VALUE 



1,490,265* 

674,475 * 

104,470* 

18,225 t 

2,175 t 

1,950 X 

1,750* 

40* 

3,350 t 

29,900 t 

55,400 * 



Total 



S 469,435 

360,960 

51,535 

109,350 

10,875 

135 

9,800 

05 

2;-10 

2,990 

19,390 

34,835 



$1,069,600 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



CHRISTIAN is situated in the Ozark mountains of southwest Missouri, 
ten miles south of Springfield. Its surface in the north and west 
comprises considerable plateau land, high laying and level, and else- 
where is characterized by deep mountain gorges and corresponding 
cliffs. Proximity to market and the advantages of a railroad have 
made timber resources count for considerable in the past. And the same forces 
are now developing the county in that to which soil and climate are best 
suited, namely, fruit growing. Mineral deposits of the county are of conse- 
quence. Lead and zinc mines are operated near Ozark, county seat, and location 
of a mineral reduction plant. Mineral waters are here meritorious. Springs 
are located at Reno and Baudevie. Farms of the county are estimated to be 
worth, according to present market price, $3,112,266. They number 2,648, of an 
average size of 97.5 acres. County contains 5.56 square miles, 355,840 acres, of 
which 149,140 acres are in cultivation. Last year sur- 
plus products amounted to $1,000 for each farm. All 
grains, vegetables, and fruits of this latitude are raised. 
Tobacco, strawberries, and tomatoes are of the fancy, as 
distinguished from staple, production. Railroad ties 
have long supplied ready money to farmers who choose 
to employ otherwise idle time. 

Population: — White, 16,822; colored, 117: Ameri- 
can born, 16,522; foreign born, 417; total, 16,939. Farm 
homes owned, 2,050; rented. 645; other homes owned, 
338; rented, 422; total families, 3,455. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 64 cents; total assessed valuation, $3,315,010; as- 
sessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, sixty-six 
and two-thirds; county debt, $28,450; no township debt. 
Timber: — Originally there was an unbroken forest 
of white oak, black oak, post oak, black-jack, and a few 
other species, but easily accessible commercial growth 
has been removed. Acreage timbered is 206.700, most 
of which is second, small growth. In eastern and south- 
ern sections, however, are white oak and black oak of 
marketable size. Creek bluffs are often crowned with 
cedar thickets, timbers of fence-post size. 

Minerals: — One-fifth of county shows mineral pros- 
pects, but a comparatively small portion has been devel- 
oped. Lead and zinc are mined at Ozark. One mine 
output for last year was 180 tons of lead. Iron evi- 
dences are abundant; no active mines. Fire and 
A Christian County Cave, near Ozark, 
358 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


N U M li E R 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


15,885 


*' S 397,125 


Horses 


0,396 


377,760 


Mules 


1,601 


112,070 


Asses and Jennets 


55 


4,950 


Sheep 


5,8.53 


17,560 


Swine 


27,910 


279,100 


Chickens 


100,898 1 




Turkeys 


3,7.53 1 


71 730 


Geese 


:i.0.50 r 




Ducks 


3,823 1 




Swarms of Bees 


588 


1 ,085 


Honey 


19,000 I 


2,450 


Wool 


18.SL'5 t 


3,155 


Milk 
Butter 


1,080,068 § 1 
374,743 t \ 


101,515 


Eggs 


691 ,720 II 


86,465 



*l,458,.'i95 



Pounds. 

Gallons. 



Dozen. 



I'IkiIo in heading: 



CHRISTIAN COUNTY 



359 




pottery 
clay are 
found; lime- 
stone is every- 
where. 

Land: — In char 
acter the most of 



the 



soils consist of clay loam of varying depths underlaid by a bright red clay sub- 
soil. Creek and river bottom lands are of a deep, sandy loam soil, rich in or- 
ganic matter and will support annual grain crops for years without use of fer- 
tilizers. Uplands are fertile according to depth of soil. In west end there is 
land very valuable for general agricultural purposes; also in vicinity of Nixa 
and between that town and Highlandville. Southern and extreme eastern parts 
are more broken; some level or undulating land is found in central eastern 
part. All upland soils are gravel-laden and in places very stony. Grain and 
grass thrive. Large areas of upland soils seem well adapted to tobacco growing. 
Price of lands range from $5 to $50 an acre. Maximum price is paid for best 
bottoms, which range from $30 to $50, depending upon situation with reference 
to market. Table lands in west end between Ozark and Sparta, in central dis- 
trict, and the prairie near Nixa, are priced at $25 to $35. Best ridge lands, im- 
proved, are selling at $20 to $25. Hill lands, improved, $5 to $15. Unimproved 
land sells at $3 to $15, depending upon timber growth or soil. 

Transportation: — St. Louis & San 
Franscisco main line crosses northwest 
corner. Chadwick branch opens center 
of county. 

MiiVERAL Springs : — At Reno and Eau- 
devie, in south part of county. These 
waters possess medicinal properties and 
the towns are popular local resorts. Fish- 
and hunting are additional attractions of 
ciiRi.sTiAX torxTY I ,\i!\i s( KXK. thcse vicinities. 
Towns: — Ozark, county seat, population 830, has two flouring mills, can- 
ning factory and mineral reduction works. Billings, population 702, flouring 
mill, grain elevator, canning factory, creamery, and iron foundry; center of fruit 
and dairying region. Sparta, 300, flouring mill, and farming center. Nixa, Chad- 
wick, Kenton, Riverdale, Griffin, Highlandville, McCracken, and Clever. 

Newspapers: — Ozark Democrat; Christian County Republican; Sparta 
Leader; Billings Times, Post; Nixa News. 




peach orchard 




IN THE OZARKS. 



A,><*X-~^. 



.^■-^'^. 




15,233; colored, 150; American born, 14,94G; foreign 
Farm homes owned, 1,652; rented, 797; other homes 
German population is chiefly im- 



CLARK COUNTY'S l'.i02 CROP 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons, 



CLARK is a county of agriculture; of grain elevators; of cattle and 
horses and hogs and hay. Vinegar factories and pickle plants are 
feature lending. Staves are made. Agricultural surpluses mean 
four million and a half dollars a year. Clark county occupies the 
northeast corner of Missouri. Its farm lands are valued at $7,246,- 
020. County area is 510 square miles, equal to 326,400 acres, 224,651 of which 
are in a high state of cultivation. Farms number 2,514, embracing in average 
122.3 acres each of land of different descriptions. Every farmer has a small 
orchard. 

PoptJLATioN : — White, 
born, 437; total, 15,383. 

owned, 707; rented, 392; total families, 3,548. 
mediately southwest of Kahoka. 

Finaxce: — County tax, 65 cents; school tax, average, 40 cents; total as- 
sessed valuation, $4,698,627; assessed valuation per cent of actual valuation 40; 
county debt, $218,500; township indebtedness. $6,500. 
TmBER: — Originally upon two-thirds of surface, 
along streams and extending well out into interior 
where prairie stretches parallel the streams. Oak, elm, 
hickory, walnut, maple, birch, willow, cottonwood, syca- 
more, and linden. One-tenth is still timbered, along 
streams. 

Minerals: — Coal is mined in northeast corner, 
near Dumas. Croppings found on streams as far 
south as Kahoka. Limestone is plentiful along stream 
bluffs. 

La?;d: — River bottom, prairie, and hill lands are 
the three main divisions in topography. Bottom land ap- 
proximates 45,000 acres, three-fourths of which may be 
bought for $40 or less per acre. From Alexandria to 
St. Francisville is a well-kept levee, behind which land 
reaches $65. Second bottom farms in southern part of 
county are known to have sold at $75 an acre. Small 
acreage of land unprotected from Mississippi river 
may be bought for $10 an acre. Soil is black accretion, 
fertile in extreme. Prairie land occupies the center of 
spaces between streams and have a common general 
direction northwest and southeast. Soil is rich black 
loam with clay subsoil. Best of this prairie is had at 
$50; down to $35. Bluff land which is of little extent, 
may be bought at $15 an acre. It is usually timbered. 
Land is black soil over clay except where clay crops 
out through erosion. Farm improvements are best on 




LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


.32,47.3 


$1,055,372 


Horses 


11,104 


740,265 


Mules 


1,300 


97,500 


Asses and Jenntis 


30 


3.000 


Sheep 


10,348 


31,045 


Swine 


3T,898 


378,980 


Chickens 


167,824 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


4.999 1 
4,012,'' 


113.435 


Ducks 


3,465 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2,407 


5.51 


Honey 


80,2.S3 t 


10,030 


Wool 


43,000 t 


7,176 


Milk 


1.634,336 §1 


129,930 


Butter 


324.131 t ( 


Eggs 


824.900 II 


103.475 



$2,675,723 



t Pounds. 

i Gallons 



Dozen. 



Photo in heading: Grain Elevator at Wayland. 



360 



CLARK COUNTY. 



361 



prairies, along second bottom 
lands at edge of Mississippi river 
bluffs, two to seven miles back 
from the river, and behind the 
levee. Within half a mile of Ka- 
hoka, because of location, land has 
sold at $75 an acre. Forty-five 
dollars an acre will buy land un- 
surpassed in fertility, six miles 
from town. 

Manufactories : — Vinegar and 
pickle works, flouring mills, and 
small wagon factories. Alexandria 
supports a barrel stave factory. 

Graix Elevators : — Clark 
probably has more grain elevators 
than any other Missouri county. 
There are twelve, holding from 
ten thousand to forty thousand 
bushels of corn, wheat, or oats, the 
principal cereals handled. Way- 
land elevators ship over 1,000,000 
bushels of corn on an avera,ge year. 

Transportation: — Three railroads: to Keokuk, Fort Madison, Chicago, Kan- 
sas City and St. Louis direct. Lines: Santa Fe Route, St. Louis, Keokuk & 
Northwestern; Keokuk & Western. 

Schools: — Kahoka High School is approved by the University of Missouri. 
Alexandria, Wyaconda, and Luray have graded school system. Kahoka Business 
College. 




Mineral Water: — Sulphur 

water springs dot the Mississippi 

river bluffs. Luray also is location 

of sulphur springs. 

Towns: — Kahoka, county seat, 

city ownership of electric lights and 

waterworks; two telephone systems. 

Court meets April and October. 

Business streets macadam; vinegar 

factory, grist and saw mill, roller 

mills, two grain elevators, wagon 

factory, canning and pickle factory. 

Wyaconda, flouring mill, axe handle 

factory, elevator, grist mill. Alex- 
andria, stave factory, canning fac- 
tory, pickle works. Gregory, Re- 
vere, Wayland, Aston and Luray are elevator towns. All supported by agriculture. 
Newspapers: — Kahoka Gazette-Herald, Courier, Review; Wyaconda News; 
Wayland Old Homestead. 




KAHOKA CANNING COMPANY. 




A NOKTU MISSOLKI OAT 1 IKLD. 




Cj 



rc^sox3 




Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



HE southern line of Clay is marked by the Missouri river, 

_ which separates it from Kansas City. It is best known 

I for its blue grass pastures, fine blooded cattle, William 

M Jewell College at Liberty, and the Excelsior Springs 

mineral waters. In square miles its measurement is 

415; in acreage, 265,600, of which 197,550 are included in improved 

farms, to the number of 2,203, worth $9,466,395. Average farm 107 

acres. 

PoPLLATiox: — White, 17,784; colored, 1,119; American born, 18,- 
484; foreign born, 419; total 18,903. Farm homes owned, 1,468; 
rented, 725; other homes owned, 944; rented, 1,117; total families, 
4,254. 

Timber: — Originally a dense forest of burr, black and white 
oak, walnut, hickory and elm covered six-sevenths of the county. 
For thirty years walnut logs yielded an immense income. Near 
Cooley's Lake, one 400-acre tract still stands. Elsewhere only shade 
trees are preserved. 
Coal: — At a great depth underlies the whole county. It is mined at Mis- 
souri City. 

Character and Price of Land: — The Missouri river bottom land is a narrow 
strip defined by the Wabash railroad, which follows the bluffs. The widest part of 
this strip is at the Ray county border, where it is three 
miles. Price here varies widely, owing to its proximity 
to Kansas City. Harlem bottom averages $200 per acre, 
li" ranges from $150 to $1,000, held by speculators, occu- 
pied by truck gardeners. Once in ten years it over- 
flows. East from Kansas City, the land gradually de- 
creases in figure, down to $50. East of Missouri City, 
the bottoms are higher, well improved, inhabited by 
people who make it home, and land brings $50 to $100, 
averaging $60. Bounding this bottom is a half-mile 
strip of bluff land, exceeding rough and rocky. Beyond 
this lies blue grass hill land, long gentle slopes with 
foot fringes of small timbered streams. Around Lib- 
erty land sells at $60 to $100, the same being true of a 
twenty-five square mile strip bounded by Prathersville, 
Missouri City and Liberty, and of the land near Excel- 
sior Springs, the latter strip being more hilly, but 
profiting by its location. In the northwestern half of 
the county extends, in a direction northeast and south- 
west, a strip embracing one-seventh of the county, orig- 
inal prairie, selling at $50 to $75 an acre. It is undu- 
lating. A strip south of Paradise embraces farms from 
$60 to $70. Forty to fifty dollar land is found north of 
Barry, east of Holt, and southwest of Greenville, in 
smaller tracts. Outside the Harlem or north Kansas 
City bottoms, farm improvements are as good as the 
best in Missouri. Corn and cattle are far in the lead 
among county export products; hogs and horses next in order. 

Photos in heading: Cattle on Blue Orass Pasture; Excelsior Sijriugs Scene; William Jcirell 
College, Liberty. 

362 



CLAY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 




ACHES 


PRODUCT 


VALfE 




79.037 


3,79:3,77(> * 


*1, 195,040 


Wheat 


9,918 


228.115* 


131,165 


Oats 


2,^m 


;3.490 * 


19,105 


Hay 


18,475 


32,3:^0 t 


226.310 


Forage 


1,990 


2,055 t 


13,275 


Broom Corn 


5 


2,':50 t 


75 


Clover Seed 




540* 


2,970 


Grass Seed 




1,760* 


2,730 


Tobacco 


24 


21 ,600 t 


2,160 


Potatoes 


754 


109,330 * 


26,240 


Vegetables 


1,065 




48,520 


Total 


i 


1 


1 SI, 667,590 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 

I NfMBER 



Cattle 


31.374 


$ 


Horses 


9,367 




Mules 


2,oa5 




Asses and Jennets 


1.58 




Sheep 


15,4.55 




Swine 


77.440 




Chickens 


133,.5361 




Turkeys 


6,022 1 
2,864 r 




Geese 




Ducks 


1,477 J 




Swarms of Bees 


1,244 




Honey 


41,467 t 
63.000 I 




Wool 




Milk 


2,0l;^,694 § / 




Butter 


403.390 t S 




Eggs 


753,400 II 





$1,117,155 

604,065 

151,875 

15,800 

51,515 

774.400 

131.385 

3,075 
3,185 
10..')00 

149,890 

94,175 



$3,109,020 



\ Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



CLAY COUNTY. 



363 




Manufactories: — Brick yards at Birming- 
ton and Holt; mineral water bottling at Ex- 
celsior Springs; flouring mills at Liberty, 
Kearney, Holt and Smithville. 

Transportation: — All roads lead to Kan- 
sas City, forty-five minutes from the county 
seat. Through lines are also available to St. 
Louis, St. Joseph, and Chicago. Following are 
mileages taxed: Wabash, main line, 23.41; 
branch, 9.48. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, 
28.30. Burlington, 34.31. Pittsburg & Gulf, 
23.90. Santa Fe, St. Joseph branch, 1.50. Un- 
ion Depot Bridge & Terminal, 3.62. 

Churches and Schools: — William Jewell 
College was founded in 1849 and since main- 
tained by the Baptists of Missouri. Enroll- 
ment, 350; endowment-producing fund, $425,- 
000; funds and equipment, $600,000; faculty 
members, 30; 10 buildings. Liberty Ladies 
College, a boarding school for young women, 
with academic and music departments, is a 
private institution founded in 1890, with a 
teaching corps of sixteen. Haynes Academy, 
at Excelsior Springs, is a co-educational preparatory school, established 1896. 
High schools are located at Liberty, Excelsior Springs, Kearney, Smithville. 

Water :^ — Missouri river drains the south end; Fishing river the east and 
northeast; Big Shoal Creek the west. Cooley's Lake, eight miles south of Excel- 
sior Springs, embraces 700 acres. Chick's Lake, 10 acres, and Cooper's Lake, 5 
acres, are both within a mile of Excelsior Springs. They provide Ashing for the 
thousands that spend the summer here. 

Mineral Springs: — Siloam, alkaline bicarbonate; Regent, alkaline bicarbon- 
ate and iron; Sulpho-Saline; Salt-Sulphur; Steck's Iron Spring, Excelsior 
Springs, Lithia, Saratoga, Superior, and the Excelsior Springs are of undoubted 
medicinal value. Upon their merits stands the prosperous city of Excelsior 
Springs, 25 miles fram Kansas City. Last year one railroad sold 110,000 round 
trip tickets from Kansas City to Excelsior Springs. People from all over the 
United States summer here. Bathing, boating, and fishing are attractions. 
Reed's Springs, seat of Odd Fellows' Home of Missouri, where live 100 women 
and children; and Thornton's Chalybeate Spring, both near Liberty, are less fre- 
quented springs. 

Towns: — Liberty, county seat, is a school town; Excelsior Springs a summer 
resort; Kearney, Holt, Smithville, and Missouri City are small farming centers. 
The people are chiefly descendants of Virginians, Marylanders and North and 
South Carolinians. 

Newspapers: — Liberty Tribune, Advance, Democrat; Excelsior Springs 
Standard, Journal, Daily Call; Smithville Herald, Star; Kearney Clipper; Holt 
Rustler. 

Finance: — County tax, 30 cents; school tax average, 44 cents; taxation 
based on one-third actual valuation; assessed valuation, $8,690,346. No debts. 




CLINTON is one of the leading live stock counlies of Missouri. It is the 
home of several of the best herds of Hereford and Shorthorn cattle, 
and within its borders is Lathrop, internationally known to be the 
greatest mule market in the world. During the British-Boer war it 
was the center of the mule industry in the United States. Between 
May 9 and December 30, 1901, 47,939 horses and mules were shipped through 
Lathrop barns. Daily average on hand, 5,000; largest number at one time, 8,127; 
largest number shipped out in one day, 3,500. One month the grain consumption 
was: corn, 45,000 bushels; oats, 25,000 bushels, and hay, 800 tons. Clinton is 
located by rail one and one-half hours north of Kansas City and one hour east of 
St. Joseph. Contains 440 square miles, in acres, 281,600, of which 251,250 are 
highly improved. Number of farms, 2,024. of an average size of 135.2 acres, 
valued at $9,883,089. 

Population: — White, 16,290; colored, 1,073; American born, 16,926; foreign 
born, 437; total, 17,363. Farm homes owned, 1,353; rented, 595; other homes 
owned, 1,157; rented, 798; total families, 3,903. 

Land: — Topographically, Clinton is undulating prairie; never flat; seldom 
billowy. In portions of township 56, ranges 30 and 32, and in narrow 
confines near Haynesville, Bainbridge, and Mecca there is some broken, tim- 
bered land. Within three miles of Cameron, Plattsburg and Lathrop farms reach 
$100 an acre. The cheapest land in the county is $40. 
General average price, $50 to $70, depending upon im- 
provements and individual lay of land. Soil is black 
prairie loam of a depth of two to four feet, over sub- 
soil of porous clay. Blue grass grows wild. Cattle and 
corn exportations amount to nearly three millions of 
dollars annually. A limestone is found along the small 
streams sufficient for foundation work. Timber exists 
in quantity sufficient for local firewood and rough 
board use. Originally there were 30,000 acres of black 
oak, post oak, black walnut, elm, hickory, sycamore, 
Cottonwood and ash along the streams and upon the 
lesser level places. 

Manufacturing is limited to flouring mills, of which 
two are at Plattsburg; one each at Cameron, Lathrop 
and Turney. 

Transportation: — Two railroads into St. Joseph 
and two into Kansas City provide suburban privileges. 
Railroad mileage taxed is: Hannibal & St. .Joseph, main 
line, 13.11; branch, 22.72; Kansas City, Peoria & Chi- 
cago, 24.78; Leavenworth branch of the Chicago, Rock 
Island & Pacific, 28.09; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, 
St. Joseph branch, 25.95; Kansas City, Peoria & Chi- 
cago, Gower branch, 10.20. 

Colleges and High Schools: — Missouri Wesleyan 
College, at Cameron, is co-educational academic insti- 
tution, founded in 1883, now under the Missouri Con- 
ference of Methodist Episcopal church. Has thirteen 
Lathrop Mule B(ini;A P'attshuyj Animal; Miilc^ Airailing Kj-portation. 

364 



CLINTON COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT | VALUE 


Corn 


104,693 


4,397,106' 


* f 1 ,385,090 


Wheat 


3.29C 


55,780 • 


1= 37,825 


0:ns 


6,285 


257,603 


•= 66,975 


Hay 


33,79S 


.57,'450 


315,975 


Forage 


3,245 


4,325 


21,625 


Broom Corn 


60 


36,o00 


: 1,000 


Clover Seed 




l,.5O0 


* 8,350 


Grass Seed 




3,500 


* 5,425 


Tobacco 


1( 


9,000 


* 900 


Potatoes 


68- 


102,600 


* 24,625 


Vegetables 


795 




31,150 


Total 1 1 1 *1,901,840 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KliND 1 NUMBER | VALUB 


Cattle 


43,206 


$1,-101, li)5 


Horses 


10,41§ 


694 ,.535 


Mules 


2,292 


171,900 


Asses and Jennets 


58 


5,800 


Sheep 
Swine 


7,098 
74.775 


23,660 

747,750 


Chickens 


114,919 1 




Turkeys 


4.485 ', 
2,506 f 


117,150 


Geese 




Ducks 


1,646 1 




Swarms of Bees 


1.860 


4.925 


Honoy 


62,000 :; 
31.300 :: 


7.750 


Wool 


5,250 


Milk 
Butter 


i,307,750 § 1 
396,107 § r 


140,190 


Eggs 


714,56011 


89,325 


Total 1 1 $3,402,430 


* Bushels. X Pounds. || Dozen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 



Photos in heading: 



CLINTON COUNTY 



365 




instructors. Preparatory, collegiate, normal, 
music departments. Endowment, $22,000. 
High schools conforming to course of study 
prescribed by the University of Missouri are 
located at Cameron, Plattsburg, and Lathrop. 
Smith's Fork of Platte river crosses the 
center of the county from east to west; Shoal 
creek and Castile creek are in the east and 
northwest portions respectively. These con- 
tribute to stock water, which is, however, 
furnished mainly by windmill wells and 
ponds. One mineral spring, two miles south 
of Platts;burg, gives basis to a small summer 
resort. A hotel and private residences accom- 
modate seventy-five visitors during the season. 
Towns: — Cameron, Plattsburg and La- 
throp are the principal towns, each distinctive 
as to commercial features. The first is a Bur- 
lington railroad division town; Plattsburg, 
county seat, is a fine-blooded cattle center; 
and Lathrop is a horse and mule market. All derive large income from agri- 
culture and stock raising. All are lighted with electricity and are telephone 
centers for surrounding country. All have main streets paved or macadamized, 

and Cameron has waterworks system. 
Cameron, Turney and Gower are impor- 
tant dairy produce shipping points. Trim- 
ble, Converse, Osborn are live railroad 
towns. 

Roads: — King dragging system is be- 
ing used, proving highly efficient in mak- 
ing them among the best of the State. 
Feuit: — There are many orchards. 
One commercial orchard of ninety acres 
in township 54, section 31; other than 
MULES AND HORSES, CLINTON COUNTY, this they are of acreages corresponding 

to private needs. 
Newspapers: — Cameron Sun, Ob- 
server; Plattsburg Leader, Democrat- 
Lever; Lathrop Monitor, Herald; Tur- 
ney Times; Gower Epitomist. 

Finance: — County tax, 70 cents; 
school tax up to $1.20; average, 40 
cents; total assessed valuation, $7,- 
923,521; assessed valuation per cent of 
real value, 40; county debt, $25,000; no 
township debt. 

Sanitariums : — Clinton county 
poor house is known for its model 
character. It has no superior in the 
State, among the county institutions. 
Recently the Plattsburg Osteopathic 
Sanitarium has been established at 
Plattsburg. 

Stock Sai£s: — Periodical sales of 
pure-bred cattle are held at Plattsburg. 





county INFIRMARY'. 




COLE COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
1 Tons. 



SITUATED near the geographical center of the State is Cole county, upon 
the south bank of the Missouri river. Jefferson City, its county seat, is 
the capital of Missouri. To this fact is due its liveliest commercial in- 
terests and its widest renown. At Jefferson City are the chief offices of 
the machinery of the State, Supreme Court and penitentiary. Aside 
from its State interests, Cole is engaged in manufacturing, stock raising, rail- 
roading, fruit growing and general farming. There are five shoe factories in 
Jefferson City, producing ten thousand pairs daily; an overall factory, brewery, 
one of the largest publishing houses and binderies in the State and the largest 
saddle-tree factory in the world. In a live stock way, cattle, horses and mules, 
hogs and sheep lead. Four miles east of Jefferson City are relay stock yards, 
where 300,000 sheep are fed annually for St. Louis and Kansas City markets. 
Physically the size of Cole county is 390 square miles. 

PoPULATIo^": — White, 18,317; colored, 2,261; American born, 18,863; foreign 
born, 1,715; total, 20,578. Farm homes owned, 1,324; rented, 362; other homes 
owned, 998; rented, 1,005; total families, 3,689. The foreign born are practically 
all German. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred dollars valuation; school 
tax, from five cents to $1.20; average, 40 cents; total as- 
sessed valuation, $5,593,294; assessed valuation is one- 
third of actual value of property; county debt, $70,000; 
no township indebtedness. 

Timber: — Approximate area, 75,000 acres; 50,000 
acres hoop-pole size, and 2,500 acres marketable timber 
Fifteen thousand acres bear white oak of tie timber 
value. Ninety thousand ties are shipped out annually. 
Originally the entire county was timbered with white 
oak, black oak, post oak, black-jack, walnut, sycamore, 
elm, Cottonwood. 

Minerals: — Coal is deposited in pockets. Annual 
output is 1,000 tons. Two principal mines are south 
of Elston. One shaft 66 feet deep is working a coal de- 
posit 27 feet deep. Another shaft 50 feet deep has coal 
18 feet in thickness. Limestone, lead and zinc are 
taken from the ground. 

Land: — Being a river county and intersected by 
numerous streams of irregular courses. Cole is rather 
broken in topography. Excepting narrow strips of 
bottom land at several points along the Missouri, wide 
bottoms alongside the Osage and upon the Moreau 
creeks, the county is hilly with red limestone clay soil, 
of Ozark border complexion and character. This is 
especially favorable to fruit and wheat. There are five 
thousand acres planted in bearing orchards of apples, 
peaches, plums and pears. Farm lands sell at $20 to 
$60 an acre, according to the acreage of bottom land 





1 ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


2r,46.S 


1,1 80,009* 


$348,370 


Wheat 


35.069 


666,310 * 


366,470 


Oats 


<),711 


1. -0,750 * 


39,050 


Hay 


16,T!)6 


28, .555 t 


228,440 


Forage 


490 


610 1 


3,050 


Broom Corn 


1 


.500 J 


15 


Clover Seed 




2,890 * 


16,185 


Grass Seed 




25* 


45 


Tobacco 


2> 


15,400 t 


1,465 


Potatoes 


8-^1 


114,940* 


.36,780 


Vegetables 


645 




40,910 



I $1,081,680 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KINIj 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 




1.2,470 


$ 374,100 


Horses 




4,rw4 


295,360 


Mules 




1,681 


117,670 


Asses and 


Jennets 


33 


3,300 


Sheep 




5,472 


14,415 


Swine 




20,079 


200,790 


Chickens 




90,876- 




Turkeys 




3,246 


66,385 


Geese 




3,392 '' 


Ducks 




616 1 




Swarms o 


F Bees 


469 


1,375 


Honey 




15,633 t 
20,250 I 


1,955 


Wool 




3,375 


Milk 




1.638,215 § ( 


154,895 


Butler 




293,828 t ' 


Eggs 




511,760 II 


67,720 



$l,:^01,24O 



t Pounds. 
$ (lallons. 



Photo in hending: Mctv of Jiffcrson City. 



366 



COLE COUNTY. 



367 



embraced in the particular piece 
and the character of improvements. 
There are 119,476 acres of this land. 
The larger portion, 249,600 acres, is 
at present uncultivated and may be 
bought at $5 to $15 an acre. There 
are 1,700 farms, of an average size 
of 132.2 acres. The aggregate, act- 
ual valuation is put at $3,827,925. 
Farm production each year equals 
the land valuation. 

Manufactures: — Shoes, over- 
alls, beer, wine, saddle trees, and 
book bindery products are the man- 
ufacturing output. A contributing 
element to the large manufactur- 
ing of Jefferson City is its transpor- 
tation advantage. Freight and ex- 
press consignments are called for 
and delivered without charge for 
drayage. 





Tkaxspoktation : — Railroads: Missouri 
Pacific, main line, Bagnell Branch and 
River Route; Missouri, Kansas & Texas, 
and Chicago & Alton. There are forty 
passenger trains daily. 

Schools: — Enumeration, 6,300; terms 
six to nine months. Over eighty thousand 
dollars have been spent recently to this 
end in Jefferson City alone. Schools have 
libraries and in addition thereto is the free 
circulation library, recent gift to the city 
by Andrew Carnegie. Lincoln Institute, 
State normal school for colored, is here. 

Banks: — There are five banks, with a 
total deposit of three million dollars. 

Churches :' — Thirty-one, representing 
eleven Christian denominations, with a 
total membership of 10,000. 

Wagon Roads: — From the vai'ious di- 
rections into Jefferson City are turnpike 
wagon roads, footing a total of 30 miles. 
In addition are 200 miles of dirt roads. 

Towns: — The incorporated towns are: 
Jefferson City, 9,664, elsewhere noted; Rus- 
sellville, population 295, on the Bagnell 
branch of the Missouri Pacific railroad. 

Newspapers: — Jefferson City State Tri- 
bune, Cole County Democrat, Missouri 
Volksfreund, Republican, Missouri School 
Journal, Post; Russellville Rustler; Cen- 
tertown: Central Missouri Leader. 



MISSOURI IS FIRST IN FRUIT. 



>^.^ 




7r-f_-- 



COOPER 



~^r 



COOPER is upon the south bank of the Missouri nver, half way across 
tlie State. Both vast and varied are its resources. It is long settled. 
Its history antedates the history of the State. Education is fostered. 
Academies and colleges are grounded firm and deep upon oarly years. 
In agriculture and live stock breeding the county is of leading im- 
portance. The first Shorthorn cattle in Missouri were imported to Cooper 
county. This breed of cattle now forms a large share of almost one million dol- 
lars worth of cattle shipped out annually. Horses are 
a large item of export, and corn shipments exceed a 
million dollars a year. Manufactures are active. Earth- 
enware, leather and flour are made. Boonville flouring 
mills are of the largest in the State. Clay for earthen- 
ware work, coal and some lead are mined. Sand taken 
from the Missouri river at Boonville is shipped widely. 
A model State institution located at Boonville is the 
reformatory — Missouri Training School for Boys. 

Population: — White, 18,999; colored, 3,533; Amer- 
ican born, 21,445; foreign born, 1,087; total, 22,532. 
Farm homes owned, 2,009; rented, G44; other homes 
owned, 983; rented, 1,029; total families, 4,665. 

Finance: — County tax, 65 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 15 cents to $1.05; 
average, 46 cents; total assessed valuation, $8,485,816; 
assessments based upon one-third actual valuation of 
property. No indebtedness. 

Timijer: — Appeared upon the Missouri and Lamine 
rivers, small creeks and their tributaries. The growth 
was large, indicating fertility of soil. Species em- 
braced oaks, walnut, elm, sycamore, linwood, sugar tree 
and Cottonwood. The most of the commercial timber 
has been removed, though an occasional strip is found. 
Minerals: — Clays constitute the main mineral. 
They range in composition from that suitable for 
pressed brick to kaolin. Coal has been mined within 
the county. A few small mines now operate through 
Turn in the liond ; M. K. d T. It'iiilioiid Hiidge Across the 
368 



COOPER COUNTY'S 190-3 CROP 


] ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


85,195 


4,046,763 * 


¥1,193,695 


Wheat 


60.951 


1.. 340,920* 


737,505 


Oats 


9,7:^8 


301,880* 


80,000 


Hay 


23,46:5 


311,885 t 


299,140 


Forage 


l.l.iS 


1 ,44.S t 


7,2'.i5 


Broom Corn 


27 


13,500 t 


370 


Clover Seed 




2,515* 


11,085 


Grass Seed 




300* 


540 


Tobacco 


27 


18,900 t 


1,795 


Potatoes 


871 


113,230 * 


36,235 


Vegetables 


865 




49,565 


Total 1 1 


1 $2,420,155 


LIVE STOCK AND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


29,995 




* 999,835 


Horses 


9,173 




61 1 ,535 


Mules 


4,9,-)0 




371,250 


Asses and Jennets 


111 




13,320 


Sheep 


12,083 




36,250 


Swine 


57,225 




572,2.-0 


Chickens 


198,229 1 






Turkeys 


10,108 ; 




14-' 015 


Geese 


5.678 r 






Ducks 


2,352 J 






Swaims of Bees 


2,089 




4,415 


Honey 


69,633 :; 
.55,515 :; 




8,705 


Wool 




9,250 


Milk 


2,044,476 § 1 




158,650 


Butter 


360,560 1 1 




Eggs 


494,594 II 




99,325 


Total 1 1 


$3,026,800 


* Bushels. t Pounds. I| Do 


iten. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





PJwtos in heading: The 
Missouri River at lioonrillc. 



COOPER COUNTY. 



369 




the winter season. Building 
stone of limestone qualities 
is quarried for purposes local. 
Boonville is one of the largest 
sand shipping points in Mis- 
souri. The product is depos- 
ited by the river. Small quan- 
tities of lead ore have been 
found in the southern half of 
the county. 

Land: — Number of square 
miles, 562; acreage, 359,680, 
of which 264,760 acres are in 
a high state of cultivation. 
Number of farms, 2,664; aver- 
age size, 127 acres; actual val- 
uation, $10,849,350. There are 
three kinds of soil: alluvium, 
adjoining In a narrow strip 
the river; brown loam of loess 
character, most extensive of 
the three kinds; and red 
limestone clay, bearing flint 
substance, found in the south 

half of the county. The bottom land farms are finely improved and sell at $70 
an acre. Hill and prairie farms range generally in price from $45 to $50. 
Rough, timbered lands, $25 to $30 an acre. 

Fruit Lands: — Cooper and St. Louis counties stand alone in combining in 
considerable quantity the two kinds of soil which have made Missouri renowned 
as a fruit State. The red limestone clay is the soil upon which the Louisiana 
nurseries and the Ozark bordering orchards are founded. The brown loam loess 
is the soil which has made northwest Missouri excel in apple production. 

Manufactures: — Earthenware, leather and flour are the principal manu- 
factured products. Some native lumber is sawed by portable mills, and ship- 
stuff and other feed is ground by small mills, found in nearly every town. 

Transportation: — Four railroads touch the county: Missouri, Kansas & 
Texas crosses northeast to southwest; Missouri Pacific River Route from Kansas 
City to St. Louis crosses east to west; a branch of the Missouri Pacific runs 
south from Boonville to Versailles, in Morgan county; and the Missouri Pacific 
main line skirts the southern border. 

Schools: — One of the strongest features of the county. Boonville High 
School is approved by the State University. Kemper Family School for boys, 
at Boonville. At Boonville is also Megquier Seminary for young women, and 
at Pilot Grove is the Pilot Grove Collegiate Institute. 

Towns: — Boonville, population, 4,377, county 
seat, old river town, supported by farming, manu- 
ufacturing, mineral working, shipping interests. 
Has brick paved streets, electric lights, water- 
works, gas and other modern improvements. 
Bunceton, population 856; Pilot Grove, 631, and 
Otterville, 384, are other towns with modern im- 
provements. Blackwater, 285; Prairie Home, 196. 
All towns are most largely indebted to agriculture 
for support. 

Newspapers: — Boonville Advertiser, Missouri 
Democrat, Central Missouri Republican, Western 
Christian Union, Central Missourier, Advance, 
Wasp; Pilot Grove Enterprise; Bunceton Eagle, 
Tribune; Otterville Mail; Blackwater News. 
Mo. — 2i 




MISSOURI RIVER BLUFF. 




CRAWFORD COUNTVS 1902 CROP 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Honey 

\'.'ool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



RAWFORD is located seventy-five 
miles southwest of St. Louis, upon 
the Frisco railroad, and in the 
second tier of counties south of 
the Missouri river. Commercially, 
its leading interests are mineral. It ships more iron pyrites than any other 
county in the State. Land surface is broken and rock bearing and embraces 
710 square miles, 4.54,400 acres, of which but 100.04.5 acres are cultivated. These 
together with contingent grazing lands are estimated to be worth $3,387,290. 
Population: — White, 12,911: colored, 48; American born, 12,472: foreign 
born, 487; total, 12,959. Farm homes owned, 1,376; rented, 548; town homes 
owned, 304; rented, 340; total families, 2,568. 

TniBER AXD Rallroad Ties: — White oak, post oak, burr oak, black-jack, in 
the main, with scattering hickory and walnut. White oaks were of large size, 
giving rise to the railroad tie industry, which has for many years been a lead- 
ing source of income. Other timbers were of small individual size. Land cut 
twenty to thirty cords of wood per acre, worth $1.75 to $2 for firewood. 

MixER.^Ls:— Iron pyrites, coal, lead, fire clay, kaolin, limestone, sandstone 
and granite are found. Cherry Valley Iron mine, four miles south of Steelville, 
and one two miles west of Steelville, are in 
active operation. Outputs are hauled to Sligo 
Smelter, in Dent county. Coal at a depth of sixty feet 
is found at Cook's Station and at Bourbon. Vein is 
said to be in places eight feet through. Lead is mined 
near Bourbon and Sullivan. Near Butts' Postofllce a 
lead bowlder containing 576 cubic feet has been located 
at forty-five feet depth. Granite deposits exist near Ber- 
ryman. 

Laxd: — One-fourth is fenced. The balance is free 
stock range. Farms are located chiefly in the northern 
one-half, though they occupy valleys throughout the 
southern portion. Soil in the bottoms of Meramec 
river, Huzzah, Courtois, Dry, Crooked, Little Bourbeuse, 
Brazil and Brush creeks is black alluvial formation; 
hill land soil is clay and the surface of the latter bears 
flint rock. Improved farms are selling at $8 to $40 in 
these proportions: one-fifth, $8 to $15; three-fifths, $15 
to $25; one-fifth $25 to $40. Highest priced land is 
represented by 16,000 acres of Meramec river bottoms, 
and a lesser strip of upland north of Cuba. Three- 
fourths, wild land, approaches mountainous. Its value 
lies in mineral prospects, timber for firewood, and graz- 
ing purposes. It can be had in any quantity at $2 to $5 
an acre, an occasional piece with promising mineral 
findings being held at $10. One-fourth of this is held 
~ by non-resident speculators. 
Flour and staves are manufactured. Flouring mills 





1 ACRES 


PKODICT 


VALIE 


Corn 


28.347 


992,145 * 


S 372,055 


Wheat 


17,759 


284.145 * 


167.045 


Oats 


2,624 


65,600 * 


21,865 


Hay 


12.567 


18,850 t 


141,375 


Forage 


430 


500 t 


2.500 


Broom Corn 


53 


26,.=i00 t 


780 


Tobacco 


41 


29,100 t 


2,910 


Potatoes 


391 


37,145 * 


lT,8:iO 


Vegetables 


4S0 




18,575 



§745,485 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



I Nl'MBER I VALlE 



15.605 

4,015 

1,840 

80 

8,270 

20,790 

66,518 I 

785' 

2,208 [ 

1,477 J 

6:« 

21,067 1 

a4,950 t 

1,220,864 § ( 

2.37,621 t ( 

365,180 II 



S 390,125 

240,900 

119.600 

7,200 

24„><I0 

207,900 

42,595 

1,789 
2,63 ! 
4,158 

83,300 

45,645 



SI, 170,655 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons 



Maxufactures : 
Photos in heailiiig: Craufoid Coiiiitu Oout Raiuli: Wittrr MiU, 

370 



CRAW I'OJd) C Ol'XTV 



:i71 



are located at Steelville, Cuba 
Wilsons, Davisville, Jactobston, Boui- 
bon. Staves are made at Cuba and 
Dillard. 

Railkoaus: — Frisco main line St. 
Louis to the southwest has 26.01 ; Steel- 
ville branch Frisco 31.95; and the 
Sligo & Eastern 9 miles of roadl)C.-l 
within the county. 

Dj.strk T H I (; II School a n d 
Chukciiks: — Steelville is the location 
of a high srdiool supported by sur- 
rounding districts. Cuba has high 
school. Cuba has Presbyterian, United 
Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist Epis- 
copal. Episcopal and Catholic 
churches; Steelville has Cumberland 
Presbyterian, Methodist South and 
Baptist denominational structures. 

Tovv.x.s: — Steelville, county seat, 
Cuba, Bourbon, Leasburg are leading 
towns, supported by agriculture and 
mining. 

Rainbow Tkout: — August Lauth, 
(t miles west of Cuba, raises rainbow 
trout. Project started 5 years ago; 
product sells at 40 to 50 cents per 
pound. Ponds are furnished from Elm 
Spring. 

Finance: — County tax 62; school 
tax from nothing to $1.15; average 
46; total assessed valuation $3,069,- 
135.11; assessed valuation of real val- 
uation 40 per cent; county debt, none; no township debt. One school district 
did not levy tax last year, having on hands sufficient funds to support term. 

Newspapkus: — Steelville Democrat, Crawford County Mirror; Cuba Tele- 
phone. 




:L,\ IRON CO 




IN THE CLEAK, (OOL HEAD WATERS OF THE MEKAMEC. 




DADE COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 1 


VALUE 


Corn 


68,078 


2.042,340 * 


S 643,335 


Wheat 


38,516 


712.545 * 


391,900 


Oats 


12,629 


451. 6J5* 


120,480 


Hay 


15,432 


L'3,150 t 


138,900 


Forage 


1,535 


2,045 t 


10,225 


Flax 


2,846 


11,384 * 


11.840 


Broom Coin 


94 


51.700 t 


1.420 


Clover Seed 




95* 


b-.iO 


Grass Seed 




9,000* 


14.400 


Tobacco 


17 


11,050 t 


1,105 


Potatoes 


564 


56,4.50 * 


19,740 


Vegetables 


875 




39,965 



Total 



*1. 393,840 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


21,144 


$ 581,460 


Horses 


8,230 


493,800 


Mules 


2,529 


177,030 


Asses and Jennets 


71 


6,390 


Sheep 


4,158 


12.475 


Swine 


29,832 


299,320 


Chickens 


120,0321 




Turkeys 


4.355 ' 


107,705 


Geese 


2,952 ! 


Ducks 


3,449 J 




Swarms of Bees 


1.647 


4,030 


Honey 


54.900 t 


6,800 


Wool 


17.850 J 


■i.'.CS 


Milk 


2,079,022 § 1 


121 ,775 


Butter 


379,926 t * 


Eggs 


746,7.S0 II 


93,340 



$1,906,160 



* Bushels. 

t Tons. 



Pounds. 
Gallons. 



Dozen. 



I 



N natural resources, Dade presents wide diver- 
sity. It is situate in the second tier of counties 
east of Kansas, and is third north of Arlvansas. 
Horticulturally, it claims the climate which has 
embellished the Big Red Apple; agriculturally^ 
it is well up in corn and wheat; for live stock, its blue 
grass acreage makes it adaptable; minerally, it pos- 
sesses beds of blacksmith coal, grindstone, iron ore, 
stone for lime manufacture, kaolin and kindred clays, 
and zinc. The southwest corner of Dade adjoins the 
northeast corner of Jasper county, which produces more 
zinc than any other mining district. There are 500 
square miles of land equivalent to 320,000 acres, 207,- 
587 acres of which are arable. Number of farms is 
2,732, of an average size of 107. S acres, valued at 
$4,008,918. 

Population: — White, 17,831; colored, 294; Amer- 
ican born, 17,777; foreign born, 348; total, 18,125. 
Farm homes owned, 1,658; rented, 1,028; other homes 
owned, 636; rented, 478; total families, 3,800. In vicin- 
ities of Mienert and Lockwood are German population. 
Financk: — County tax. 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 10 cents to $1.10; average. 61 
cents; assessed valuation. $4,065,960; assessed valua- 
tion per cent of real valuation, 40; county debt $22,500; 
no township debt. 

Timber: — One-half was originally timbered with 

elm, all varieties of oak, sycamore, ash, hickory, maple, 

Cottonwood, linden, and less prominent varieties. In the valleys growth was up 

to two and one-half feet individual size; upon uplands appeared much scrub 

I'holos in heading: Grcenflehl Street Scene; Packing Finit; Coal Mining. 

372 



DADE COUNTY. 



373 



growth. Slalionary saw mill operates at Greenfield. One-half timber removed. 
MiNiiKALs: — At present the largest 




mineral income is from lime, manu- 
factured at Everton, where are depos- 
its of limestone suitable. Coal of av- 
erage thirty-inch thickness is mined in 
winter at Sylvania. Mines are located 
high; entered by drift; twelve miles 
from railroad. Annual production, 5,- 
180 tons. Coal is underlaid with 
clays of various value. Kaolin is 
found near Everton. Pits are not op- 
erated. Grindstone is deposited near 
Sylvania; iron ore testing sixty-six 
per cent, is surface-mined at Emmett, 
which town is in hope of a smelter. 
Unbounded deposits of limestone are 
near South Greenfield. It is said to be 
much similar to the famous Carthage 
white limestone. Lead and zinc are 
mined in a small way near Corry and 
Dadeville. Several cars of lead and zinc have been shipped. 

Land: — Surface of Dade county is one-half rolling prairie and one-half hill 
and bottom land. Western one-half is a billowy prairie, broken only by timber 
strips which skirt streams. Eastern two-thirds is chiefly hill land, with consid- 
erable stream bottom acreage. Portion embraces three large and many small 
prairies. Largest centers at Pennsboro; one surrounds Emmett and the third 
embraces one-half a township in the northeast corner of county. Uplands are 
generally of long, gradual ascent type, though along streams north of Greenfield, 
are some cedar bluffs several hundred feet in height, and of precipitous inclina- 
tion. There are about 1,500 acres in this one body, agriculturally waste land. 
Soil of county is of two general classes: red clay, and black loam. Red soil is 
wheat-adapted and is especially strong as drought resisting. Land is almost en- 
tirely owned by residents. Prices exist as follows: Ten per cent of farms at $7 
to $15 an acre; seventy per cent at $20 to $30; fifteen per cent at $30 to $40; five 
per cent at $40 to $50, the last being located within close distance of Lockwood, 
Greenfield, Everton, Dadeville, and in the Pennsboro prairie. 

Manufactures: — White limestone at Everton constitutes basis of county's 
largest single plant. Creamery products, flour and corn meal are made. Cream- 
eries located at Lockwood and Meinert. Greenfield has a 150-barrel flour mill; 
custom mills at Everton, Comet, Hulston and Seigbert. 

Transportation: — Frisco, Springfield to Kansas, 29.34; Aurora-Greenfield 
branch of Frisco, 10.77 miles, taxed. 

High Schools: — At Greenfield 
and at Everton. Latter is central hig'^- 
school, supported by several districts. 

Water: — Artesian well at Comet. 
Living water averages ten to thirty 
feet depth. Streams arc clear and 
swift, supplied by springs. 

Largest commercial orchard in 
Dade county contains 254 acres, near 
Everett. Small orchards are numer- 
ous. 

Newspapers : — Greenfield Vedette, 
Advocate; Lockwood Times; Everton, 
Dade County Journal; Dadeville 
Miner. 




sac river, uaue cou.nty. 



DALLAS 




DALLAS, fourth county east of Kansas and half way between the Mis- 
souri river and Arkansas, embraces, in its western portion, some 
of the best farms in Missouri, while in the eastern portion land is 
largely timbered and undeveloped. Its topography varies from 
undulating prairie, to a mountainous surface. A spur of the Ozark 
mountains breaks through the northeastern boundary and extends almost to the 
south extreme. County contains 530 square miles of land, or 339,200 acres 
125,231 acres of which are cultivated. Number of farms 
2,397, average size thereof 107.5 acres; in actual aggre- 
gated value $2,149,320. Corn, wheat, hay, vegetables of 
all varieties, apples, berries, milk and butter are pro- 
duced upon most farms. In horse and mule production 
the county ranks well up. 

Population: — White, 13,892; colored, 11; Ameri- 
can born, 13,806; foreign born. 97; total, 13,903. Farm 
homes owned^ 1,771; rented, 635; other homes owned, 
231; rented, 171; total families, 2,808. 

Fixaxce: — County tax .50 on one hundred dollars 
valuation; school tax from .10 to 1.05, average .52 1-2; 
total assessed valuation $2,098,477; assessed valuation 
per cent of real valuation 75; county debt $6,000; no 
township debt. 

Timber: — Four-fifths was primevally covered with 
white oak, red oak, post oak, walnut, hickory, and black- 
jack. Growth was larger in west fourth and the east 
and northeast grew much undergrowth and scrub tim- 
ber. One-half of county is now clean shaven of timber, 
being probably one-fifth, in the northeast corner, that 
has not been cut over. Inaccessibility owing to lack 
of railroad, and the rough character of the section is 
responsible for its less ready development. A few 
portable saw mills turn out native lumber at $1.50; 
cordwood is worth $2. 

Lk.m) Mining: — One paying lead mine is operated 
at Leadmine, small inland town, twenty-five miles from 
Scenes on Buj NUuu/Ka River, 
374 



DALLAS COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACRES 


FKODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


4L04-2 


1.2r2,.'i02* 


$ 375,.330 


Wheat 


1-3,^72 


20.3, .580 * 


111,970 


Oats 


6,487 


160,925 * 


42,645 


Hay 


16,160 


24'240 t 


121 ,200 


Forage 


3,00.'i 


3.755 t 


18,775 


Flax 


20 


120* 


120 


Broom Corn 


15 


7„500 t 


205 


Clover Seed 




230* 


1 390 


Grass Seed 




700* 


1,360 


Tobacco 


64 


4 4.800 t 


4,255 


Potatoes 


.543 


67,875 * 


21,720 


Vegetables 


560 




22.155 


Total 1 




f 720, 92.1 


LIVE STOCKS 


\ND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 1 


NCMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




14.473 




* 361,825 


Horses 




6,279 




;^,76,r40 


Mules 




1,697 




110,.30o 


Asses and Jennets 




68 




6,120 


Sheep 




9 .537 




28,610 


Swine 




21,105 




211,0.50 


Chickens 




89,5121 






Turkeys 




3.S70 I 
4,285 ( 




55 705 


Geese 








Ducks 




1,937 1 






Swarms of Bees 




837 




2,025 


Honey 




37,900 1 
o0,.543 l 




3,490 


Wool 






5.09O 


Milk 
Butter 


1. 


.0(;,778 § 1 
J64.802 t (■ 




104,340 


Eggs 




451,500 11 




50,4:^5 


Total 1 


1 


* 1. 32 1.735 


* Bushels. t Pour 


Ids. II Do 


^.en. 


t Tons § Gall 


ins. 





I'ltnlos in Jicading: 



DALLAS COUNTY. 



375 




nearest raih-oad point. Lead prospects extend over 
one-third of the county. Iron, jack, tiff, kaolin 
and clays of various kinds and colors exist. Lime- 
stone bluffs are frequent along streams and in 
northeast section are several caves unexplored. 

Laxd: — Is of three distinct characters. Prairie 
embraces one-fifth of the county; long hill land de- 
scribes three-tenths; and rough, broken land cov- 
ers almost entirely the eastern half. There are 
three large prairies; Four Mile Prairie, contain- 
ing ten square miles just north of Buffalo; Buf- 
falo Head Prairie, south and southwest of Buffalo 
to the extent of 25 square miles; Stafford Prairie 
in extreme southvi^est corner. Best river bottom 
lands are along Big Niangua and Little Niangua 
rivers, and along Greasy creek. In the southeast 
quarter of the county is a large area of high, level, 
timbered land denominated flatwoods. Soil is as 
varied as the surface. River and creek bottoms 
are black alluvial and the prairies are generally a 
black prairie loam of one to three feet in depth. 
Hill land is chiefly clay, which soil excels even bot- 
tom land for wheat growth. Very few tracts of 
Dallas county land are in the hands of speculators. 
These few are in the rough, unimproved, mineral 
bearing belt. One-third of the county, lying within 
the east half, and more largely in the northeast, 
is unimproved land, 11,800 acres of which are sub- 
ject to homestead at $1.25 an acre. The balance 
thereof can be bought for $5 or less per acre. Two- 
thirds is improved, some of the valley and prairie farms having fine improve- 
ments. One-half of this portion may be bought for less than $15 an acre; 2,500 
acres of remaining portion, situate in the vicinities of Buffalo and Olive will 
bring $40 to $50. The balance ranges from $15 to $30. A close estimate by 
townships reveals a price average for the west one-half of $14, for the east half 
$4 an acre. 

Manufactured 
Products: — Brooms at 
Longland; native lum- 
ber and flour at several 
country mills. Brick 
is moulded and burned 
as locally demanded. 

Railroad Grading: 
—A well graded rail- 
road bed, abandoned, 
connects Buffalo with 
Bolivar, Polk county. 

Schools: — In west- 
ern half of county 
school buildings are in 
easy access of all 

homes. Buffalo has a ^^__^_____ 

six-room graded school, Dallas cou 

building recently erected at cost of $10,000. Churches are Protestant. 

Estimated one spring to every eighty acres of land. Bennett's Spring on 
Niangua river is a favorite camping place in summer. 

Fishing: — Unsurpassed in clear, cool spring water of Niangua rivers. Game 
fish are plentiful. Gigging is a sport indulged in largely. 

Newspapers: — Buffalo Record, Reflex. 




NTV FAR5[. 




DAVIESS is the third county east of the Missouri river and in the 
second tier south of Iowa. It is 250 miles northwest of St. Louis, 75 
miles north of Kansas City, 50 miles east of St. Joseph. In square 
miles it measures 576; in acres, 368,640, of which 279,050 are in high 
state of cultivation. Farms number 3,308; average size, 106.9, of 
estimated actual value, $12,283,722. Agriculture and stockraising are chief pur- 
suits. In rye production Daviess leads the State. Last year corn surplus 
amounted to almost two millions of dollars, while at the same time income from 
cattle exported footed one and onehalf millions, horses and mules brought over 
one million and hogs three-quarters of a million. Blue grass, timothy, and 
clover hay surplus made an income of one-half million dollars. Blue grass is 
the natural grass. 

Stone: — Blue limestone of good quality is found along the bluffs of Grand 
river. At Jameson the Wabash railroad maintains a rock crusher employing one 
hundred men. The buildings of Gallatin are finished in the same stone, quarried 
near town. Coal in paying quantities is supposed to underlie in numerous 
places. A two-inch vein was recently discovered at three-foot depth, one mile 
south of Gallatin. 

Timher: — It originally covered fully one-fourth of the land. Leading varie- 
ties are black oak, post oak, white oak, hickory, elm, and black walnut, confined 
to the streams. Mills are portable. Timber remains 
sufficient for stock shade, firewood and rough plank 
purposes. 

ToPOGBAPHY AND SotL : — Grand river flows diagon- 
ally through Daviess county from northwest to south- 
east. With its numerous tributaries it forms an ideal 
drainage system, a feature favorable to stock raising. 
Three-fourths of the land is prairie; four-fifths of the 
remainder have been cleared of timber. The northeast 
one-half is generally undulating, growing more rolling 
as one proceeds west. This is nearly all prairie. 
Herein, improved farms are worth $40 to $55, with an 
occasional one at $75, owing to high improvement. 
Timbered rough lands in vicinities of Madaline and 
Gallatin are to be had at $30 to $35 in the foi'mer and 
$35 to $45 in the latter. Grand river bottoms are gen- 
erous width. Farms sell at $35 to $50. The soil is 
black loam with limestone and clay subsoil. North- 
west of Gallatin, prairie land embraces two townships 
where farms are held at $40 to $60; adjoining this on 
the west is a strip of timbered land worth $35 to $45. 
That portion bounded by the Rock Island railroad and 
Grand river bottom on the north, almost by township, 
alternates timber and prairie, beginning with the 
latter on the west. Price of prairie, $40 to $50; tim- 
ber, $30 to $40. Upland soil is mulatto up to three feet 
in depth, over clay subsoil. Bottom land soil is black 
A Land of Sleek, Meek-Eyed Herds. 
376 



DAVIESS COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT | VALUE 


Corn 


118,760 


5,700,480 


* $1,795,650 


Wheat 


4,769 


124, .515 


* 71.595 


Oats 


4.315 


172,600 


* 44,875 


Hay 


48,775 


82,920 


414,600 


Forage 


7,640 


10,185 


t 50,925 


Broom Corn 


Hi 


65,4.50 


t 1,800 


Clover Seed 




160 


* 880 


Grass Seed 




9,300 


* 14,415 


Tobacco 


48 


43.200 


t 4, .320 


Potatoes 


94£ 


113,880 


* 27.330 


Vegetables 


1,015 




51,870 


Total 1 1 1 $2,478,200 


LIVESTOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | VALUE 


Cattle 


44,725 


$1.453,.560 


Horses 


14.490 


966,000 


Mules 


2,798 


209,850 


Asses and Jennets 


92 


9,200 


Sheep 


15,738 


52,460 


Swine 


72 996 


729,960 


Chickens 


191,9521 




Turkeys 
Geese 


6,228 ; 
•1,172 r 


154,215 


Ducks 


2,467 J 




Swarms of Bees 


3,805 


9.2.50 


Honey 


120,833 1 
58,000 t 


15,8.55 


W^ool 


9,665 


Milk 


i,499,526 § ( 


191,590 


Butter 


566,802 X \ 


Eggs 


1,2.31,980 II 


154,000 


Total 1 ! $3,955,605 


* Bushels. 1 Pounds. || Dozen. 
t Tons. § Gallons. 






I'hulu in 


heading: A L 



DAVIESS COUNTY. 



377 



alluvial. Estimated 10,000 acres grazing 
land too rough for cultivation, chiefly 
around Gallatin, Madaline and Lock 
Springs. This soil is favorable to fruit 
tree growth. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills are 
located at Gallatin, Jameson, Pattons- 
burg; cheese factories at Altamont and 
Winston; butter factory at Jameson; 
wagons are made at Gallatin, and axe 
handles at Lock Springs. 

Transportation: — By rail, St. Jo- 
seph, Omaha, Leavenworth, Kansas City 
are within few hours; St. Louis and 
Chicago are within a night's run. Miles 
of railroad within county: Quincy, 
Omaha & Kansas City, 13.13; Wabash, 
35.81; Rock Island, main line, 28.26; 
Rock Island, St. Joseph branch, 7.07; 
Kansas City, Peoria & Chicago, 6.39. 

Schools: — Grand River College, at 

Gallatin, under direction of Missouri 

Baptist church, is co-educational insti- 
tution of preparatory, collegiate and music departments. Gallatin High School is 
on the State University's approved list; employs nine teachers and super- 
intendent. 

Towns:- — Gallatin, county seat, lighted with electricity, waterworks system. 
Principal streets are macadamized. Pattonsburg, Jamesport, Jameson, Lock 
Springs, Altamont, Winston, and Coffeyburg, are leading agricultural centers and 
centers of a net-work of telephone, covering the county. 

Orchards: — Hill land is favorable thereto. Commercial orchards are of less 
than 50 acres each. One pear orchard has 5,500 trees and one apple orchard 
3,500 trees. 





DAVIESS COUNTY MULE SHOW. 

Population and Finance: — White, 20,994; colored, 331; American born, 21,- 
115; foreign born, 210; total, 21,325. Farm homes owned, 2,478; rented, 989; 
town homes owned, 849; rented, 681; total, 4,997. County tax, 32 cents; town- 
ship, eight cents; total 40 cents; 
school tax from nothing to $1.25; 
average 51 cents; total assessed val- 
uation, $8,785,951; assessed valuation 
per centage of real valuation, one- 
third to one-fourth. No county debt; 
no township debt. 

Newspapers: — Gallatin Democrat, 
Missourian; Altamont Index; James- 
port Gazette; Winston Sentinel; 
Pattonsburg Call; Lock Springs 
Herald; Coffeyburg Headlight. the harvest is great. 





DEKALB is purely a general farming and stock raising county. It is 
located thirteen miles east of St. Joseph and fifty-five miles north of 
Kansas City. The general topography is that of a high, rolling 
prairie, varied only by infrequent streams of the size of creeks. 
County contains 440 square miles of land surface, 281,600 acres, of 
which 222,284 acres are yielding hay and cereals. There are 2,377 farms of an 
average size of 110 acres each, valued, in total, at $9,605,943. Corn exports an- 
nually exceed one and one-third millions of dollars' income; cattle a close second 
in importance. A great many potatoes are grown. 

Population: — White, 14,291; colored, 127; American born, 13,975; foreign 
born, 443; total, 14,418. Farm homes owned, 1,571; rented, 735; other homes 
owned, 567; rented, 359; total families, 3,232. 

Latter Day Saints have a prosperous colony in southwestern part of county. 
Several hundred Germans are scattered over the county. 

Finance:) — County tax, 40 cents; township, 10 cents; school tax, from 30 
cents to $1.25; average, 54 cents; total assessed valuation, $5,917,372; 25 per 
cent of real valuation. No county debt; no township debt. 

Land. Price and Soil: — With the exception of four 
areas embracing in total one-fourth of the land acre- 
age, DeKalb county is a high prairie, generally of a 
sloping akin to the billowy; ofttimes undulating. Land 
ranges in price from $30 to $40 for the bulk. The bro- 
ken, rocky, acreages adjoining Grindstone creek; the 
northwest one-fourth of the northwest one-sixth; the 
northwest one-fourth of the southwest township, and 
the balance adjoining Maysville, make up the quarter 
of the county which can be bought at $15 to $25 an 
acre. Highest priced land is in southeast section, 
where, near Cameron, in Caldwell county, because of 
its proximity to market, or near Osborn, because of its 
intrinsic value, it occasionally brings $50 to $60 and. 
rarely, $75. Prairie soil is loam overlaying clay. Bot- 
tom land is alluvial, black in color, endless in depth, 
generally light in weight. Blue grass is indigenous to 
it all. 

Timber: — One-fifth was originally white oak, black 
oak, ash, elm, hickory, and soft maple. One-third the 
amount was white oak. More than one-half has been 
cleared. Cordwood is yet shipped in small quantities 
from Maysville, Stewartsville and Weatherby. Portable 
mills supply local market with rough hardwood lumber. 
Minerals: — Grindstone rock, limestone and sand- 
stone are found in the bluffs, which border Grind- 
stone creek. It is not commercially used. 



DEKALB COUNTY'S 1902 


:rop 


1 ACRES 1 I'KODUCI 


r 
* 


VALl'E 


Corn 


102,858 


4,114,.32C 


?1 ,290,010 


Wheat 


•.;.194 


47.070 * 


27,0(55 


Oats 


.5,192 


199.892 * 


51,970 


Hay 


3.),4T0 


60,300 t 


301, .500 


Forage 


6,165 


8.220 t 


41,100 


Broom Corn 


210 


115,500 I 


3,175 


Clover Seed 




75* 


410 


Grass Seed 




1 ,350 * 


2,095 


Tobacco 


6 


5,400 t 


540 


Potatoes 


9fi9 


145.650 * 


34,885 


Vegetables 


Two 




43,030 


Total 1 1 


Jl ,801,780 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIM.) 1 NUMBKK 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 


39.241 




fl,2T5,.330 


Horses 


10,625 




708,065 


Mules 


1,925 




144,375 


Asses and Jennets 


(J5 




6,500 


Sheep 


4,367 




14,555 


Swine 


62,661 




626,610 


Chickens 


140,4841 






Turkeys 
Geese 


4,03a [ 
3 513 ! 




101,.';&5 


Ducks 


2,724 1 






Swarms of Bees 


2,704 




6,700 


Honey 


90,133 1 
111,100 t 




1 1 .2(i.-) 


Wool 




3,185 


Milk 


3,289,876 § / 




218,250 


Butter 


509.494 t i 




Eggs 


776,520 II 




97,090 


•loia; 1 1 


$3,213,540 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || IJo 


en. 


t Tons. ij Gallons, 





I'hiiio in hcadiiKj: Mnysvillc Clmutuuquu, 



378 



DE KALB COUNTY. 



379 



Flour and Buick: — Flouring mills are 
the chief manufacturing concerns. Flour is 
made at Maysville, Osborn. Weatherby, Un- 
ion Star and Clarksdale. Moulded brick are 
made as locally called for. 

Transportation: — Rock Island, 30.61; 
Hannibal & St. Joseph, 9.24; Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Quincy, 7,94; Kansas City, Peoria 
& Chicago, 20 miles of taxable railroad. Dirt 
roads are dragged and the largest county 
bridges are steel. 

SiiiooLs: — Eighty-two school districts 
in DeKalb, each maintaining seven to nine 
months' terms annually. Maysville and 
Stewartsville have graded schools, the former 
having eight rooms. 

Watkr: — Hard and soft drinking water 
is obtainable at twenty to sixty feet. Stock 
water is supplied from ponds and windmill 
wells. In rougher parts springs are numer- 
ous. No mineral springs. 





Towns :^ — Maysville, county seat, 
population, 925; Stewartsville, popu- 
lation, 616; Union Star, population, 
4;39; Clarksdale, and Osborne are the 
principal towns. All are supported 
by farming. Towns are connected 
with each other and with rural dis- 
tricts by telephone, conducted upon 
co-operative plan. 

Chautauqua: — The social event 
of DeKalb is an annual Chautauqua. 
It is held in mid-summer, and is at- 
tended by people from all over north- 
west Missouri. Men of national rep- 
utation discuss questions of general 
interest and a miltary band supplies 
music. People camp on the grounds. 

Newspapers : — Maysville Herald, 
Pilot, Democrat; Clarksdale Journal: 
Osborne Enterprise; Stewartsville 
Record; Union Star Herald. 




SEPARATING THE CREAM FROM THE 
MILK. ST. JOSEPH DAIRYING TERRITORY. 



CONVERTING CORN INTO CASH VIA 
LIVE STOCK LINE. 



DENT 




TWENTY-NINE iron mines operate within the borders of Dent county. 
Iron and timber and agriculture are the supports of the people. At 
Sligo, in the northeastern part of the county, are furnaces which 
manufacture seventy tons of pig iron a day. Wood alcohol and char- 
coal are also manufactured here. Dent is situated third south of the 
Missouri river, ninety miles southwest of St. Louis. Its lay is uneven — mountain- 
ous. Its surface bears rocks except in the valleys. Originally the entii'e 720 
square miles of its area was a forest of hard and soft woods, but 101,513 acres 
are now in cultivation. There are 1,748 farms, average size of which is 157.2 
acres, including arable, pasture and timber lands. Farm lands are estimated 
to be actually worth $2,307,556. 

Population: — White, 12,958; colored, 28; Ameri- 
can born, 12,840; foreign born, 146; total, 12,986. Farm 
homes owned, 1,293; rented, 500; other homes owned, 
280; rented, 438; total families, 2,511. 

Finance: — County tax, 65 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 20 cents to $1.20; average, 48. 
cents; assessed valuation, $2,451,849; assessed valua- 
tion per cent of actual valuation, sixty-six and two- 
thirds; county debt, $15,000; no township debt. 

Timber: — Acreage bearing timber, 359,287; three- 
fourths of the timber footage is white oak, black oak, 
and black-jack, in equal quantities. White oak is found 
principally in the south, farthest from railroad and 
to a less greater extent in extreme northeast corner. 
Near the railroad it has been consumed in tie making. 
Black-jack and oak adhered to no special region, but 
intermingled over entire county. They are used exten- 
sively in manufacture of wood alcohol and charcoal. 
Post oak accounts for ten per cent. Pine grows in 
southeastern and southwestern corners, and is scat- 
tered along the entire eastern border. Balance of tim- 
ber is sycamore, walnut, maple and elm. 

Minerals: — Iron, copper, lead and limestone. Iron 
mines are confined to northeastern corner. Produce 
blue specular and red oxides, all of Bessemer class. 
Simmons Hill mine has produced 300,000 tons; Milsap mine, 75,000; Pomroy 
mine, 50,000; besides the others aggregating fully as much in output. Copper 



DENT COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACKES t PRODUCT 


VAI UE 


Corn 


26,65.5 


666,375 * 


1249,890 


Wheat 


20,583 


2.57.290 * 


151,800 


Oats 


2,611 


65,275 * 


21,760 


Hay 


15,891 


23,8H5 t 


178,765 


Forage 


240 


380 t 


1,400 


Broom Corn 


10 


5.000 1 


140 


Clover Seed 




4.50 * 


2,475 


Tobacco 


40 


28,400 * 


2,840 


Potatoes 


329 


27,965 * 


13,425 


Vegetables 


625 




21,225 


Total 1 1 


1 $643,720 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS | 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


14,850 




S 3T1.2.-0 


Horses 


4,000 




210,000 


Mules 


1,680 




100,800 


Asses and Jennets 


45 




4.050 


Sheep 


7,6ao 




22,860 


Swine 


19,235 




192,350 


Chickens 


57,6951 






Turkeys 


1,539 1 




29 790 


Geese 


i,T43 r 






Ducks 


1,851 J 






Swarms of Bees 


547 




1,030 


Honey 


18,233:: 
21,200 :: 




2,279 


Wool 




3,533 


Milk 


1,177,564 § ) 




69,330 


Butter 


236,509 t \ 




Eggs 


277,570 II 




34,695 


Total 1 1 


* 1,071 ,967 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


zen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photo in heading: Rural Free Delivery. 



380 



DENT COUNTY. 



381 




and lead indications are good in northeast corner but neither has been earnestly 
prospected. 

Land: — Lay: mountainous. Upland soils are sandy and often thin with 
clay subsoils. Estimated that eight per cent of land is valley and bottom; also 
that fifty per cent of upland is tillable in general farming. Remainder hill land 
would grow fruits and grasses. Next to creek and river bottoms, lands are most 
fertile in northeastern part of county. Prices are as follows: best improved 
lands, $15 to |25 an acre; upland, improved, $5 to $15; unimproved lands, $1.25 
to $4 an acre. Government lands subject to homestead, at $1.25 an acre, 4,209. 
Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, quinces, and berries are grown in profit, though 
the industry is just gaining headway. Largest orchard is at Salem and em- 
braces 260 acres. There are several ranging in, size from fifty to eighty acres 
each. Subsoils insure necessary drainage. 

Manufactured Products: — Pig iron, charcoal, wood alcohol, wagons, bar- 
rels, brooms, and lumber. There are seven flouring mills. 

Transportation: — Salem branch of St. Louis & San Francisco railroad, 
Cuba to Salem. Also two short branches to Sligo and Winkler, in Phelps county. 

Fishing and Hunting: — Former is unsurpassed in Pigeon creek and Cur- 
rent and Meramec rivers, which also abound in scenery. Montauk Spring, at 
head of Current river, is a popular camping place for hunters and fishers. An 
occasional deer is killed. Wild turkeys are plentiful, likewise quail, squirrels, 
and rabbits. 

Towns: — Salem, county seat, com- 
mercial, mining, and manufacturing 
town, population, 1,481; has flouring 
mill, stave and barrel factory, planing 
mills. Sligo is center of iron district; 
location of furnaces and wood alcohol 
and charcoal plants. 

Newspapers: — Salem Monitor, Demo- 
crat, Democrat-Bulletin, Republican- 
Headlight, Leader. 





DOUGLAS COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 

ACHES 



Corn 


42,4-22 


1 ,27-2,660 * 


$400,890 


Wheat 


21,109 


232,200 * 


127,710 


Oats 


3,681 


92,025 * 


24,:iS5 


Hay 


12,T01 


12,700 t 


101,600 


Forage 


550 


T35 t 


3,G75 


Broom Corn 


4 


2,200 t 


60 


Clover Seed 




40* 


225 


Grass Seed 




5* 


10 


Cotton 


10 


2,800 J 


195 


Potatoes 


400 


40,000 * 


14,000 


Vegetables 


5G0 




21,175 



S693,925 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 




* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



D 



OUGLAS is in the second tier of counties 
north of the Arkansas line and is fifth east 
of Indian Territory. County embraces 792 
square miles, equivalent to 506,880 acres. 
Of this total, 126,885 acres are under cul- 
tivation. The remaining vast acreage is under timber; 
hardwood timber of first growth. The forest is com- 
paratively untouched. Half the footage in trees is white 
oak and black oak, trees often two to three feet 
through, and the land may be bought for about $1.50 
an acre. A comparatively small area mineral bearing 
and nearest the railroad may be had at $3 to $5 an 
acre. The land is mountainous. What is perhaps the 
highest and most rugged ridge of the Ozark mountains 
marks the north edge of Douglas county. Many 
streams have their rise here. The farming districts 
adjoin Fox, Beaver, Bryant's and Spring creeks, and 
White river. There are 2,738 farms of an average size 
of 127.1 acres, of an actual value, according to present 
prices, $4,450,826. 

Population: — White, 16,775; colored, 27; Ameri- 
can born, 16,634; foreign born, 168; total, 16,802. Farm 
homes owned, 2,205; rented, 579; other homes owned, 
218; rented, 173; total families, 3,175. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 10 cents to $1.50; 
average, 65 cents; total assessed valuation, $2,042,548; 
farms assessed on 40 per cent of value basis; town lots, 50 per cent and per- 
sonal property, 40 per cent. 

Timder: — On an average year timber i)i()duct shii)ments approximate as fol- 
lows: Railroad ties, 3,000; fence and mine posts, 4.800; hardwood lumber, l,20n,- 
000 feet; piling, 680 pieces. Along the south border of Douglas county is a pine 
growth, in extent about one per cent of the timber. This is being removed at the 
Photo in heading: Land of the Sun-ldsscd Peach. 

382 



DOUGLAS COUNTY. 



383 



rate of about two and one-half million feet annually. White oak abounds in 
central part of county and there is also a large body in the west end and on 
north hill sides throughout the county; estimated to embrace 20 per cent of tim- 
ber. Twenty-four per cent is black oak, largest growth found near Ava and 
Squires. Black-jack grows everywhere to extent of ten per cent. Post oak, five 
per cent; hickory, two per cent; walnut, one per cent. 

Minerals: — Twenty-five per cent of the county bears mineral indication. 
Lead, zinc, copper, and iron are found. Lack of railroad transportation leaves 
the pi'ospects for mineral undeveloped. Limestone and sandstone are found 
along all streams. 




Land: — Soil is gravelly and often stone-bearing, but possesses considerable 
fertility. By proper rotation, profitable cereal growing is followed. Clover and 
grasses grow luxuriantly, even where too rough or stony for wheat or corn. 
Stock raising most nearly accords with the county's natural adaptability. Of 
the land in cultivation, bottoms sell for $15 an acre; best ridge or upland valleys, 
$10; less level ridge land, $5. Wild timbered lands range from $1.25 an acre to 
$5. Estimated that $1.50 an acre would buy nearly all wild acreage. There are 
6,745 acres owned by the United States government, which holds them subject 
to homestead at $1.25 an acre. 

Fruit Lands: — Soil, subsoil, climate and one-half of the topography are 
favorable to fruit growing. Douglas borders the west side of Howell county, 
which grows more peaches than any other Missouri county. 

Manufactories: — Are of local size and importance. Flouring mills, saw 
mills, tannery, planing mills, shingle factories, and wool carding machines. 

Public Roads: — Wagon roads are a feature mention-worthy. Natural gravel 
forestalls the mud. 

Caves and Scenic Points: — Brown's Cave, near Rippey, fifteen miles east of 
Ava, possesses interest for geologists and sightseers. Between Ava and Vera- 
cruz, are the highest mountains in the county. 

Towns: — Ava, county seat, has good flouring mill, feed mill and tannery. 
Freight comes by wagon via Mansfield, in Wright county, nearest railroad point, 
fifteen miles away. Rome, Topaz, Squires, Denlow, Bryant, Pansy, Winfield, 
Larissa, Veracruz and Loftin are farming centers, having custom flouring and 
feed mills. 

Newspapers:— Ava: Douglas County Republican; Ava: Douglas County 
Herald. 





DUNKLIN COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 



Total 



Total 

* Bushels. 
+ Tons. 



DUNKLIN grows more cotton to the acre than any other Missouri 
county; and Missouri's average acre yield is the largest among the 
States. The county is located in the southeast Missouri delta dis- 
trict, extending below Arkansas' general north boundary line and 
is included between the St. Francis and the Mississippi rivers. 
There are 500 square miles, 320,000 acres, 101,173 acres improved. Farms num- 
ber 2,542, averaging 565 acres, estimated value, $4,338,670. Excepting two thou- 
sand acres of prairie in bodies of not more than four hundred acres each, Dunk- 
lin's surface was originally a dense forest of large-growth gum, all varieties of 
oak, maple, sycamore, poplar, cypress, ash, pecan, walnut, and sassafras. Pecan 
groves are yet standing, trees measuring up to three feet through. Along the 
sloughs is corkwood; ginseng and muscadine grape grow wild in the woods. 
Timbering interests are of commercial size. Mills, ranging in capacities from 
15,000 to 30,000 feet daily, are at Dillman, Kennett, Decatur, Paulding, Kelleys 
and Campbell. 

The population is: White, 21,500; colored, 206; foreign born, 83; American 
born, 21,623; total, 21,706. Farm homes owned, 3,107; rented, 1,645; town homes 
owned, 791; rented, 969; total, 6,512. 

Land: — Level, excepting one strip one to two miles 
wide by ten miles long extending across the northwest 
corner, of a general elevation of 230 feet above the 
Gulf. Fifty thousand acres are owned by non-resi- 
dents. Of the 101,173 acres improved farms, one-half 
are held at $30 to $40 per acre; a very few within two 
miles of Kennett, Maiden, Campbell, Senath, or Card- 
well, all live markets, bring $45 to $55 per acre. The 
remainder is to be had at $20 to $30 per acre. Unim- 
proved land, representing about 300,000 acres, sells at 
$7.50 to $10 in the lower side of the county, while the 
same character of land in the north side brings $12.50 
to $17.50. Drainage districts, at $2.50 an acre, have re- 
cently been organized covering the entire county. Soil 
is alluvial, composed largely of clay and ofttimes of 
sand. It is naturally adapted to cotton, melons, corn, 
onions, potatoes and other vegetables. 

Manufactures: — Timber and cotton products. In 
cottonseed oil production the county excels. In the first 
named, one thousand men find employment at pros- 
perous wages. At Cardwell is located the largest egg 
case factory in the world. Barrel staves and boxes are 
also important items of manufacture. 

Railroads: — All the towns are located on railroads 
which have county mileages as follows: Paragould & 
Southwestern, 13.07; St. Louis & Southwestern, 1:3.63; 
Delta Branch, 5.10; Frisco, 42.31; Frisco Branch. 4.50. 





1 ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


46,847 


1,639,645* 


$ 614,865 


Wheat 


4,074 


95,740 * 


56,485 


Oats 


802 


24,060* 


8,020 


Hay 


.3,575 


5,365 t 


53,6.50 


H"orage 


1,425 


1,660 t 


8,300 


Broom Corn 


3 


1,500:: 
13,858,200:: 


40 


Cotton 


38,495 


1,0.39,365 


Tobacco 


12 


8,520 :: 


850 


Potatoes 


301 


52,175* 


25,985 


Vegetables 


501 




40,175 



81,847,0:^5 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUM BER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


13,206 


% 297,135 


Horses 


4,410 


264,600 


Mules 


2,765 


193,,5.'->0 


Asses and Jennets 


20 


1 ,800 


Sheep 


615 


1,845 


Swine 


39,180 


391,800 


Chickens 


78,1861 




Turkeys 
Geese 


890', 
5,808 { 


49.400 


Ducks 


6,046 J 




Swarms of i^ees 


1,877 


3,.541 


Honey 


62,.567 X 


7,821 


Wool 


1,975 t 


329 


Milk 


1,557,150 §j 


99,235 


Butter 


300.829 X \ 


Kggs 


474,910 II 


59,365 



$1,370,421 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photo in heading: 



Cotton Field Near Kennett. 

384 



DUNKLIN COUNTY. 



385 



Churches and Schools: — In Kennett, Maiden and Camp- 
bell there are a total of fourteen churches, representing the 
leading Protestant denominations. Each of the towns has a 
graded school system. 

Water: — Wells in Dunklin county cost $2 each. They 
can also be removed to suit the immediate needs of the 
owner. Most of them are driven, the supply of water be- 
ing, therefore, inexhaustible. Water is slightly tinged 
with iron. 

Fish and Game: — Subsequent to the regular spring 
rise of the St. Francis river, fishing is a means of 
ready money to the farmers. When the waters have 
subsided, car loads of all Mississippi varieties are 
stranded. These are caught by hand and shipped 
to St. Louis. As a game reserve, this section has 
long been the hunters' paradise. Duck shooting 
is equal to the ideal on canvas. A few black 
bears, deer, coons, 'possums and mink are yet to 
be found. The fur industry is yet of some im- 
portance. 

Towns: — Not one has a saloon. Kennett, 
county seat, has held an annual fair success- 
fully for twelve years; it has a baseball park, 
electric lights, and in commercial industries, 
a slack barrel factory, buggy spoke factory, 
broom factory, cottonseed oil mills, machine 
shop, ice plant, bottling works and cold 
storage, three cotton gins and two planing 
mills. Maiden has electric lights and wa- 
terworks, machine works, heading fac- 
tory, ice plant, bottling works, shingle 
and saw mill, cottonseed oil mill, six cot- 
ton gins, and is the location of the 
freight transfer sheds of the Cotton Belt 
railroad. Campbell is an important rail- 
road junction. The town's enterprises are 
a saw mill and dry kiln of 30,000 feet ca- 
pacity; planing mill, hoop mill; handle 
factory, shingle mill, stave mill, axe handle factory, a cotton gin, roller mills and 
brick yard. Senath has four cotton gins and a saw mill; Cardwell is the location 
of egg case and box manufacturing; Holcomb has two cotton gins; Hornersville 

two gins, saw mill and 

grist mill; Caruth, White 
Oak, and Clarkton are 
saw mill towns. 

Newspapers : — Ken- 
nett: Dunklin Demo- 
crat, Dunklin County 
Mail; Maiden: Dunklin 
County News; Campbell 
Citizen; Senath Star. 

Finance: — County 
tax, 70 cents; school 
tax, 75 cents; assessed 
valuation, $4,298,074; 
30 per cent actual valu- 
ation; no debts. 





SOME PUMPKINS, DUNKLIN COUNTY. 



Mo— 85 




rR^r^LirN 



F 



Total 



,RANKLIN is the nativity of 
the Missouri meerschaum 
cob pipe, home of the New 
Haven nurseries, location 
of white sand deposits and 
center of German zither manufac- 
ture. It is also a leading wheat pro- 
ducing county. It is located upon the 
south bank of the Missouri river, 
thirty miles west of the city of St. 
Louis. It embraces 866 square miles, 544,240 acres of land, 263,711 acres of 
of which are improved farms. These number 3,853, and average 121.8 acres, in- 
cluding land of cultivable, pasture and timber character. Actual value of farm 
lands, $9,919,500. 

Population: — White, 28,756; colored, 1,825; native born, 27,730; foreign 
born, 2,851; total, 30,581. Native born of foreign parentage, one-third. In some 
communities German is spoken. Farm homes owned, 2,875; rented, 961; other 
homes owned, 1,095; rented, 1,139; total families, 6,069. 

I Finance: — County tax: general revenue, 30 cents; 
road, 10 cents; special road and bridge, 10 cents; school, 
tax, five cents to $1.15; average, 49 cents; assessed val- 
uation one-half real value; no county nor township 
debt. 

Commercial Timbeu: — Oak, hickory, walnut, cedar. 
White Sand: — Of ninety-nine per cent silica exists 
in form of solid bed of sand rock along Meramec river 
bluffs at Grays Summit and in a mountain at Pacific. 
Disintegrates readily. Three thousand cars annually 
are prepared and shipped from Pacific. It is used in 
manufacture of glass, for moulding purposes in iron 
and steel, fire brick and sewer pipe manufacture, saw- 
ing stone, and in making mineral paint. 

Land: — Excepting two pieces of prairie, one four 
miles southeast of Union, embracing 4,500 acres, the 
other eight miles south of New Haven, containing three 
square miles, and the river bottom land, Franklin is of 
frequent hills, rising one hundred and fifty feet in 



FRANKLIN COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 1 


VALUE 


Corn 


59,401 


2,376.040 * 


$ 887,265 


Wheat 


86,734 


1,734,480 * 


1,023,345 


Oats 


10,645 


319,380 * 


106,460 


Hay 


32,693 


36,310 t 


363,100 


Forage 


1,105 


1,.395 t 


6,975 


Broom Corn 


36 


18,000 t 


495 


Clover Seed 




2,850 * 


15,675 


Grass Seed 




35* 


55 


Tobacco 


60 


42,600 t 


4,260 


Potatoes 


1,716 


171,600 * 


82,370 


Vegetables 


1,080 




71,095 



I $2,561,095 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMHER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


25,.3,^5 


f 697,262 


Horses 


9,060 


543,600 


Mules 


3,340 


233,800 


.'\sses and Jennets 


70 


6,300 


Sheep 


7,070 


23.010 


Swine 


48,715 


487,150 


Chickens 


27,316-1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


2,339 1 
4,54!) I 


144,350 


Ducks 


2,212J 




Swarms of Bees 


830 


2,132 


Honey 


27,.333 1 
31,075 t 


3,417 


Wocl 


5,179 


Milk 
Butter 


2,834.431 § \ 
.517.245 t f 


308,280 


Eggs 


1,683,860 II 


210,300 



Total 

* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



$2,564,840 



Pounds. 
Gallons. 



Dozen. 




Photos in heading: Panorama of Franklin Count]/; Along the Meramec River Bluff. 

S86 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 



387 




extreme above complement valleys of generous extent. Hills rise gradually, of 
long slant, rather than precipitous inclination. Immediately bordering Mis- 
souri, Meramec and Bourbeuse rivers are steep bluffs. Missouri bottom land ex- 
tends along the river with varying liberal width, from Labaddie to Boles, and 
from Etlah to the northwest corner. Along Meramec and Boui'beuse rivers are 
also valleys alluvial. Hill lands are clay. No government land; estimated 35, 
000 acres waste land. Entire county adapted to fruit growing, river hills pre- 
eminently so. Missouri river bottom well improved within a few miles of town 
sells at $70 an acre, and down to $30, in rare instances. It seldom overflows — 
on an average of once in ten years. Excepting the northeast thirty square miles, 
the land north of an east and west line through Union, is above described. South 
thereof, some bottom land, prospective mining lots or town-bordering property, 
brings $30 an acre. The average is $20. In the southeast land is found as low 
as $10; and in the southwest as low as $5 an acre. South-county land is covered 
with first growth commercial size hardwood timber. 

Manufactures: — Cob pipes are made to extent of one and one-third millions 
of pounds annually from cobs of corn grown especially therefor. Washington is 
the location of these factories, a brewery, and the Franz Schwarzer Zither fac- 
tory, only one of its kind in America. 

New Haven Nurseries: — Among the largest of the world. Located in loess 
lands bordering Missouri river. 

Transportation: — From St. Louis, it is less than one hour's ride via Mis- 
souri Pacific, the Frisco or Rock Island railroads. Turnpike mileage, 35. 

Churches: — Presbyterian, Cumberland Presl)yterian, Baptist, Methodist, 
German Lutheran, German Evangelist, Christian and Catholic denominations. 

Newspapers: — Union Tribune; Pacific Transcript; New Haven Leader; 
Washington Observer; Sullivan Sentinel, and Washington Post (German). 




GASCONADE is situated upon the south side of the Missouri river, 
seventy miles west of St. Louis. It is horticultural and agricultural. 
It produces more wine than any other Missouri county. People are 
largely German. Along the Missouri river loess lands favor fruit 
raising; every farmer grows grapes suflBcient for home wine, and 
Hermann, county seat, is location of Stone Hill wine cellars, largest east of Cali- 
fornia. But one-third of the county is in cultivation — 109,491 acres of the 326,- 
400; in square miles, 510. There are 1,799 farms of 164 acres average size, in- 
cluding cultivable, pasture, and timber lands, worth in total, $3,877,796. Wheat, 
cattle, corn are leading products. 

Population: — White, 12,230; colored, 68; American born, 10,585; foreign 
born, 1,713; total, 12,298. Farm homes owned, 1,518; rented, 260; other homes 
owned, 375; rented, 281; total families, 2,434. 

Finance: — County tax, 35 cents; road tax, 25 cents; school tax, 38 cents on 
one hundred dollars; assessed valuation, $4,084,651; fifty per cent of real valua- 
tion; no county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Originally the county was wholly tim- 
bered. Species are white oak, black oak, hickory 
mainly; along streams were walnut, cottonwood, elm, 
sycamore. One-third has been cleared. Small saw 
mills operate at Hermann, Morrison, Fredericksburg, 
Bay, Drake, Bland, Owensville. 

Kaolin: — Pits operated for thi'ee years along the 
route of Rock Island railroad. Supply is first quality 
and endless quantity. Saltpetre caves exist along Gas- 
conade river; iron and limestone are found, latter in 
vast quantities. 

Character and Price of Lands — Adjoining the 
Missouri river are great bluffs measuring in instances 
five hundred feet high. Back of these for fifteen miles 
are hills averaging three hundred feet above sharp val- 
leys. The la.nd to explored depth is porous clay, techni- 
cally silt land, lending drought resistance to trees 
Timber is largest here and forests more dense. Along 
the Bourbeuse river in the south are likewise high bluffs 
Between the two sets of bluffs the land is less abrupt 
though hilly with deep-set streams. In this section a 
representative farm is 160 acres, with fifty acres in 
cultivation, five room house, stone or brick, land worth 
$20 an acre. Bordering the Missouri river are two 
thousand acres of bottom land selling at $65 to $75; 
Gasconade and Bourbeuse river bottoms amount to 
twenty thousand acres, worth $45 to $55. Hill land, 
Photos in heading: Stone Hill Wine Ccllurs and Vineyard : }fhs()iiri Pacific Into Hermann; 
Gasconade County Courthouse. 

3S8 



GASCONADE COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


24.705 


891,450* 


$ 334,295 


Wheat 


41,201 


782,820 * 


461,865 


Oats 


4,573 


128,04.5 * 


42,680 


Hay 


11,991 


17,985 t 


152,875 


Forage 


465 


540 t 


2,700 


Broom Corn 


3 


1.500 t 


40 


Clover Seed 




1,300* 


7,150 


Grass Seed 




10* 


.0 


Tobacco 


9 


6,390 X 


640 


Potatoes 


755 


94,375 * 


45,300 


Vegetables 


415 




26,410 


Total 1 i 


9 1,073,975 


LIVE STOCK AND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


14,820 


1 407,550 


Horses 


3,835 




229,500 


Mules 


2,7.30 




191,100 


Asses and Jennets 


80 




2,700 


Sheep 


7,1.55 




21,465 


Swine 


20 587 




205,870 


Chickens 


127,043 1 
2,400 1 
4,3»!7 ^ 






Turkeys 
Geese 




57,210 


Ducks 


1,191 J 






Swarms of Bees 


445 




955 


Honey 


14,833 1 
24,900 i 




1 ,854 


Wool 




4,150 


Milk 


1,187.024 §1 






Butter 


180.242 t ( 






Eggs 


733,000 II 


91,635 


Total 1 1 


$1,382,224 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


^en. 


tTons. § Gallons. 





GASCONADE COUNTY. 



389 



MONTGOMERY 



improved or connected with improved farms, 100,000 
acres worth $17.50 to $25. The balance is unimproved, 
wild timbered hills, worth $3 to $10 an acre. A few 
tracts measure 1,000 acres, though generally below 400 
and practically all owned by residents. 

Manufactured Products: — Wine, shoes, flour, brick 
and beer are manufactured. Eight wine cellars of Stone 
Hill Company at Hermann contain 750,000 gallons made 
from grapes. Here was made the wine wherewith the 
battleship Missouri was christened. 

Transportation: — Main line Missouri Pacific, Kan- 
sas City to St. Louis, 16.28; Rock Island, main line be- 
tween same points, 17.35. The first has four passenger 
trains each way daily. Three steam boat companies op- 
erate boats from Rocheport to St. Louis stopping at 
Hermann. Sixty-five miles of gravel roads across 
county; built thirty years, repaired annually. 

Churches: — Catholic, Evangelical, German Metho- 
dist, Presbyterian and Baptists are represented. 

High Schools: — Hermann and Owensville support 
same. 

Streams supply stock water; for family use cisterns 
are largely in ascendency. Water is limestone or sand- 
stone seepage. Three miles from Bland is a sulphur 
spring. 

Fish and Game: — All the Missouri river varieties 
and game fish are caught in the Gasconade and Bour- 
beuse, along which many picnic parties find sport in 
summer. There are some deer, more wild turkey, plen- 
tiful quail, squirrels and rabbits. 

Towns: — Hermann, location of $50,000 county court- 
house donated by Charles D. Eitzen, a citizen deceased. 
Incorporated under special State charter providing for 
board of five trustees instead of mayor. These and col- 
lector are elected; former appoint treasurer and clerk. 

Established 1845; houses are mostly brick and stone, built German fashion, with 
eaves to drip on sidewalk; Owensville; Leduc; Morrison; all farming towns. 

Newspapers: — Hermann Volksblatt, Advertiser Courier; Owensville Ban- 
ner, Argus. 



WARREN 





IN THE VALLET OF THE GASCONADE. 




GENTRY COUNTY'S 1002 CROP 



Total 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses anil Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



GENTRY is known for blue grass and live stock. That it is one of 
the foremost blue grass counties of Missouri; that it stands even 
first in blue grass product, largely indicates the reason for the 
further fact that at the Columbian Exposition thirty prizes went to 
Gentry county live stock. Premiums were won with cattle, jacks, 
sheep and hogs. Monarch 190, a jack owned by Captain Charles G. Comstock, 
took first prize at the Chicago Exposition as best jack under three years in 
America. County products, in point of importance, are cattle, corn, horses, 
mules and jacks, hogs and blue grass hay. There are 450 square miles of land, < 
288,000 acres, of which 227,449 acres are improved farms. Two thousand six 
hundred and ninety-nine farms, averaging 111.4 acres each, aggregate an actual 
worth of $9,384,435. 

Topography: — Grand river flows through the 
county north to south. It has three main contributing 
forks and many minor tributaries. Inevitably upon 
the streams is a wide bottom. The soil is a black sandy 
loam, overflows with infrequency according to varying 
altitudes which largely determine as to whether the 
price is $40 or $50 an acre. Gumbo is rare. Along 
Grand river and the streams especially in the northeast 
and northwest townships there is bluff land which can 
be bought at $30, usually, however, in connection with 
bottom lands. One-third of the county is prairie, in 
small strips intervening the timbered streams and of 
a greater acreage in the southwest one-half. Soil is 
two to three and one-half feet in depth of a black prai- 
rie vegetable mould and land sells at $40 to $50. Near 
Stanberry and King City, owing to location it occa- 
sionally reaches $80. Long rolling hill land defines the 
largest amount of any single kind. In depth of soil it 
varies slightly more than the prairie, but in price it 
ranges the same. Best farm improvements are mainly 
in the southwest part of the county. The average house 
is worth $800, with other improvement in proportion. 
At Albany a canning factory puts up corn and 
tomatoes; a flouring mill does a local business; monu- 
ment works and a wagon shop. At Stanberry, a well- 
boring machine factory and a flouring mill contribute 
the bulk of the manufacturing. 
Cattle, C. a. Comstock and Son. Alhany; Cattle, G, W. Hadley. 
390 





ACRES 


FKOUUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


98,793 


4,149,306 * 


$1,306,030 


Wheat 


1,515 


30,300 * 


17.425 


Oats 


5,1)40 


196,020 * 


50,965 


Hay 


45,210 


7(5,855 t 


384,275 


Forage 


7,7.35 


10,315 
32,000 ;: 


51,575 


Broom Corn 


60 


910 


Clover Seed 




80* 


440 


Grass Seed 




6,670 * 


10,340 


Tobacco 


8 


7,200 \ 


720 


Potatoes 


819 


98,280 * 


23,590 


Vegetables 


890 




45,360 



I $1,891,630 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



I NUMBER I VALUE 



45,460 

13.173 

1,375 

98 

18,710 

69,027 

173,1991 

6.420 ! 

4,.328 ( 

3,028 J 

3,435 

114,500 t 

80,200 \ 

3,097,068 § ( 

.599.430 X f 

1,004,460 II 



*1 ,477,450 

878,200 

103,125 

9,800 

62,365 

690.270 

1.56,940 

10,,575 
14,315 
14,365 

201,495 

125,560 

f3,744',460 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photos in heading: 



GENTRY COUNTY. 



391 



Railroads: — Stanberry is the location of 
railroad repair shops and freight division 
end, adding considerable importance. Taxa- 
ble roadbed within the county: Wabash, 
Omaha to St. Louis, 24.76; St. Joseph & Des 
Moines, 18.13; Leon, Mount Ayr & South- 
western, 7.60; Grant City & Southern, 12.28. 

Schools: — Besides well improved rural 
school systems, there are two city systems 
headed with high schools approved by Uni- 
versity of Missouri, and a normal school. 
Approved high schools are located at Albany 
and Stanberry. Stanberry Normal School, 
private institution founded 1881, enrolls 250 
students. Faculty members, 16; grounds, 
buildings and equipments value $100,000; 
academic, commercial, musical, and short- 
hand departments. It maintains dormitory 
for young women. 

Water: — Hard and soft water wells. 
Live stock supply is supplied through 
streams and wells, the latter 20 to 40 feet. 
At Gara is a mineral water spring upon , _ 

which has been established a hotel costing $30,000. 

Towns: — Stanberry, largest town, supported by schools, railroad interests 
and farming. Has electric lights, waterworks, telephone. Albany, county seat, 
electric lights, waterworks, telephone. King City, Darlington, McFall and Gen- 
try are farming centers. 

Population: — White, 20,538; colored, 16; American born, 20,191; foreign 
born, 363; total, 20,554. Farm homes owned, 1,809; rented, 867; town homes 
owned, 1,073; rented, 743; total families, 4,492. 

Finance: — County tax, including road and bridge, 55 cents; school tax from 
10 cents to $1.25; average, 4 J cents; total assessed valuation, $7,661,810; assessed 
valuation per cent of real valuation, 40 per cent; no county debt; no township 
debt. 

Newspapers: — Albany Capital, Ledger, King City Chronicle, Democrat; Dar- 
lington Record; Gentry Sentinel; McFall Mirror; Stanberry Headlight, Herald, 
Democrat, Owl, Advocate. 





loading hay by machinery. 




FRUIT, agriculture, live 
stock, wholesale inter- 
ests, manufacturing, rail- 
i-oads, and schools are 
found in the category of 
Greene's chief interests. The county 
has what some of its neighbors 
await- — development. It is situated 
in southwest Missouri, two hun- 
dred and thirty miles southwest of 
St. Louis, upon a plateau of the 
Ozark mountains. Thus climate and 
land lay are conducive to suc- 
cessful horticulture, agriculture, 
and live stock engagement. Next 



came the railroads which made 
Springfield, county seat, a transpor- 
tation center, lent impetus to in- 
dustries in immediate connection 
with the land, and were forerunners 
to wholesaling, manufacturing, and 
to the establishment at Springfield 
of one of the best colleges in the 
west — Drury College. Ozark border 
soil is red limestone clay, moder- 
ately flinty, and adapted eminently 
to wheat. This called for the estab- 
lishment of flouring mills, for 
which the county is known. At Re- 
public is located a mill with a daily 

Photos in heading: Frisco Freight Ya 
Street, Springfield; Oreene County Orchard; 
ing, Springfield; Lime Works, Ash Orove. 



GREENE COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


80.526 


3,231,040* 


$1,014,625 


Wheat 


70,990 


1,384,305* 


761,370 


Oats 


16,306 


619,330 * 


164,200 


Hay 


25,360 


43,110 t 


323,325 


Forage 


1,045 


1,395 t 


6,975 


Broom Corn 


20 


11,000 J 


305 


Clover Seed 




1,400* 


7,840 


Grass Seed 




480* 


770 


Tobacco 


38 


24.700 t 


2,470 


Potatoes 


1,186 


142,320 * 


49,810 


Vegetables 


3,270 




100,140 


Total 1 1 


1 12,431,830 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


25,581 




S 831,385 


Horses 


11,515 




767,665 


Mules 


2.570 




179,900 


Asses and Jennets 


63 




6,800 


Sheep 


5,294 




15,880 


Swine 


33,713 




337,150 


Chickens 


172,5691 






Turkeys 
Geese 


6,824 ', 
3,126 , 




183,250 


Ducks 


3,440 J 






Swarms of Bees 


2.185. 




6,300 


Honey 


72,133 :: 
22.800 :: 




9,105 


Wool 




3,800 


Milk 
Butter 


4.,349,910 § ( 

844,4117 t t 




330,090 


Eggs 


1,100,110 11 


137,515 


Total 1 1 


»2,808,240 


* Bushels'. 1 Pounds. || Do? 


en. 


t T.ns. § Gallons. 





rds; lUtuil District, Siiringfleld; East Wahnit 
■ Model Mills, Springfield; Y. M. C. A. Build- 



392 



GREENE COUNTY. 



393 




flouring capacity of 2,000 
barrels. It has a storage 
capacity of 500,000 bushels 
and its exports reach Eu- 
rope and Sout'i America. 
The flour and feed exporta- 
tion of Greene county 
amounts to 5,000 cars an- 
nually. Postoffice depart- 
ment operates ten rural 
free delivery routes in 
Greene county. 

Population : — White, 
49,415; colored, 3,298; 
American born, 51,045; for- 
eign born, 1,668; total, 52,- 
713. Farm homes owned, 
6,020; rented, 1,318; other 
homes owned, 3,003; rent- 
ed, 3,937; total families, 
14,278. 

Finance: — County tax, 
40 cents on the one hundred dollars; school tax, average, 52 cents; total, as- 
sessed valuation, $14,917,275; assessed valuation is two-thirds actual valuation. 
County debt, $200,000. 

Land:— County contains 688 square miles of land, equal to 440,320 acres, 
of which 278,721 acres are included in improved farms. There are 4,320 farms 
of an average size of 85.4 acres, valued, according to present selling prices, at 
$8,277,325. Total products in agriculture, horticulture, and value of live stock 
amount to three-fourths of the worth of the land where grown. Excepting 
along the streams the land is practically a broad stretch of undulating surface. 
Best improved farms sell at $25 to $40, situated upon the table lands. Ridge 
farms of equal fertility are always slightly less salable, and bring from $3 to 
$5 less on the acre. Some improved lands may be had at $15 to $25 an acre. In 
the creek bottoms land may be had at $25 to $35 an acre. Adjoining Springfield 
farm land reaches $75 to $90 an acre. 

Fruit: — Strawberries, apples, peaches, and grapes are grown in greatest 
quantities. At Springfield is the headquarters of the Ozark Fruit Growers' Asso- 
ciation, organized to further the interests of fruit growing in southern Missouri. 

Manufacturing:' — Lime, furniture, wagons and carriages, cooperage pro- 
ducts, brewery products, brooms, harness and saddles, stoves, vinegar, fruit but- 
ters, ice, cedar leadpencils, and products of evaporators and canning factories 
are included. Manufacturing amounts to $8,000,000 a year. 

Colleges: — Drury College, Springfield, member of College Union, which is 
to say that it is one of the strongest institutions of education in Missouri. Lo- 
retto Academy and St. Joseph's school are Catholic institutions of strength, hav- 
ing local patronage. Springfield Normal School and Business College, and two 
other business schools. Springfield High School is articulated with the State 
University. 

Transportation: — Frisco, five divisions, and the Kansas City, Clinton & 
Springfield center at Springfield. Division offices and shops are also located here. 

Towns: —Springfield, 23,267; Ash Grove, 1,039; Republic, 856, are the in- 
corporated towns. All derive large business from horticulture, live stock and 
agricultural interests. Ash Grove has the additional feature of lime kilns, and 
Republic is location of flouring mills. 

Newspapers: — Springfield: Daily and Weekly Leader-Democrat; Daily and 
Weekly Republican, Express, Sunday Tradesman, Practical Fruit Grower, Sunny 
South, The Triple Link, The Policy Holder, Opportunity, Baptist News. Ash 
Grove: Commonwealth, Advance. Republic Monitor. Walnut Grove Eagle. 



GRUND^^ 




GRUNDY COUNTY'S:i903 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



RUNDY is a north Mis- 
souri county of widely 
varied interests. It is 
located 60 miles north- 
east of St. Joseph, 20 
miles south of Iowa. General agri- 
culture, live stock, railroad, and 
coal mining activities are most prominent. In cattle and corn product it an- 
nually crosses the two million dollar mark. At Trenton, county seat, an annual 
fair, established in 1S67, is held in encouragement of agriculture, horticulture, 
and live stock. Another event — one attended by breeders from north Missouri 
and southern Iowa — is the semi-annual sale of registered cattle. An immense 
pavilion, erected for this purpose, is also used for periodical sales of pure bred 
horses and hogs. Coal mines at Trenton employ two hundred men, supply from 
which mines is consumed by individuals and by Rock Island railroad, which 
maintains car shops and a division end at Trenton. Poultry represents a large 
income to farmers who are also rapidly increasing facilities for private dairying. 
Population: — People from every State. In last two years influx of farmers 
from north and east has been large. White, 17,600; colored, 232; American born, 
17,447; foreign born, 385; total, 17,832; farm homes 
owned, 1,552; rented, 661; other homes owned, 950; 
rented, 920; total families, 4,083. 

Finance: — County tax, 28 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 49 cents; total assessed valuation, $6,105,970; as- 
sessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, 40; 
county debt, $60,000, recently issued for court house. 
No township debt. 

Land: — Square miles of land, 460, or 294,400 acres, 
of which 197,384 acres are under cultivation. Number 
of farms, 2,298; average size, 118.6 acres, including 
land of arable, pasture, and other character. Grundy 
county is drained to the southward by a fork of Grand 
river and several other small streams. Between these 
streams are found prairie ridges. Uplands are black, 
vegetable-mould soil, twelve to twenty inches in depth, 
underlaid with yellow, porous clay. Bottom lands are 
a heavier black soil which originally was covered with 
heavy, wild prairie grass. When cultivated it becomes 
lighter weight, and is underlaid at twenty-foot depth 
with sheet water. Farm improvements equal those of 
southern Iowa. Numerous farm homes cost $1,500 to 
$2,000 each; better in east half of county. Valley land 
sells at $30 to $50; prairie, $40 to $65; around Trenton, 
up to $75. Cheapest land in county is in small creek- 
bordering patches, selling at $35. 

Factoby PitODUCTs: — Axe handles, flour and corn 
meal; cigars are manufactured. A machine shop and a 
canning factory operate at Trenton. 
A'ocA- Island Marhine Shops; Pure Bred ITereford Ctilllc. E. .U. fJorhcr. 
394 





1 ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALL'E 


Corn 


70,425 


3,380,400 * 


SI ,064,825 


Wheat 


2.9t>8 


81,620* 


46,930 


Oats 


3.706 


110,946 * 


28,845 


Hay 


47,S52 


S6,135 t 


430,675 


Forage 


7,610 


10,145 t 


50,725 


Broom Corn 


85 


46,750 1 


1,2S5 


Clover Seed 




100* 


550 


Grass Seed 




5,900* 


9,145 


Tobacco 


25 


22,500 t 


2,250 


Potatoes 


925 


115,625 * 


27,500 


Vegetables 


815 




36,245 



I $1,698.97 



LIVE STOCK. AND PRODUCTS 



I NUMBER 



Cattle 


34.136 


§1,109,420 


Horses 


10,392 


686,185 


Mules 


1,379 


imA-ih 


Asses and Jennets 


71 


:,ioo 


Sheep 


12,009 


49,080 


Swine 


37,6T6 


376,760 


Chickens 


144,1891 




Turkeys 


4,245 ' 
3,288 1" 


112,120 


Geese 


Ducks 


1,651 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2.598 


7,235 


Honey 


86,600 t 


10,825 


Wool 


56,590 t 


9.430 


Milk 


2,540,6;« § ( 
470,3e3 X i 


147,915 


Butter 


Eggs 


839,390 II 


103,675 



I $2,714,070 



X Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



II Dozen. 



Photos in heading: 



GRUNDY COUNTY. 



395 



Tkan.si'ortatiun: — Rock Island, main 
line, Kansas City to Chicago, 26.73; Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul, Kansas City to Chi- 
cago, 12.64; Burlington, to Quincy, 24.03 
miles of taxed roadbed. Rock Island divis- 
ion shops at Trenton, employ to extent of 
$50,000 monthly salaries. 

Schools: — Trenton High School. Avalon 
College, one hundred pupils enrolled, at Tren- 
ton. In this connection may be mentioned a 
$50,000 library, gift to the city by a former 
citizen. 

Wells and Water: — In bottom lands 
wells are driven; sheet water at eighteen to 
twenty-five feet in inexhaustible quantity. 
In higher portions cisterns are numerous, be- 
cause cement is unnecessary for holding the 
water. Stock water is supplied from creeks 
and deep windmill wells. 





A's' 




WHEAT. 



Duck Shooting: — Gangs of ducks inhabit 
rivers and creeks in spring and fall seasons. Snipe 
shooting is good. Quail, squirrels, and prairie 
chicken are also found. 

Pjsh:— Carp, buffalo, bass, crappie, channel 
catfish, are plentiful, though they average less than 
one and one-half pounds, in all streams. 

Towns: — Trenton, electric lights, telephone 
system, waterworks, all private ownership. Rail- 
road shops, cattle interests, and farming support 
it. City owns twenty acres well-kept park. Spick- 
ard, Gait, Laredo, Brinson, Dunlap, are all sup- 
ported by farming and live stock. 

For further information, address Trenton Com- 
mercial Club. 

Newspapers: — Trenton Times, Republican, 
Tribune, Country Editor; Spickard: Grundy 
County Gazette, North Missouri Poultry Life; 
Gait Herald; Laredo Herald; Brinson Banner. 

Timber:— Originally forty per cent; one-tenth 
white oak; one-tenth walnut; balance hickory, 
elm, ash, cottonwood, hard and soft maple. 
Three-fourths now cleared. 

Coal: — Production, 34,936 tons a year. Depth, 
170 feet; vein, thickness 18 inches; men employed, 
160. 




uKl'.h.N I'AblUUtS. 




IX cattle, Harrison ranks among the State's first counties. It borders Iowa; 
the fourth county east of Nebraska. Total value of beef cattle exceed 
t-wo millions of dollars, besides the large value to breeders of pure bred 
Shorthorn, Hereford and PoUed-Angus cattle. Horses and mules are lead- 
ing income products, and, for supplying the immense amount of stock 
finished for market, one and one-half million dollars worth of corn is produced 
each year. County contains 730 square miles, 467,200 acres, of which 328,598 
acres are now in cultivation. Farms, in number, 3,836, containing on an av- 
erage of grain lands, pasture, and feed lots, 117 acres each. They are estimated 
to be worth $12,608,502. An annual event of importance is tlie Flower Parade at 
Bethany, county seat, a vigorous farming town. 

PoPT."XATiox : — White, 24,347; colored, 51; Ameri- 
can born, 24,049: foreign born, 349; total, 24,398; farm 
homes owned, 2,637; rented, 1,093; other homes 
owned, 969; rented, 614; total families, 5,313. 

Fixa::^ce: — County tax, 40 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 50 cents; total assessed valuation, $8,540,319; 
one-fourth of actual value of land. No county debt; 
no township debt. 

One-tenth of the original one-third surface cov- 
ered with hardwood timber has been cleared and re- 
duced to farm lands. Timber was black oak, white 
oak, hickory, elm, linden, walnut, along Grand river 
and creeks, which flow southwardly. Several portable 
saw mills supply rough board hardwood timber for 
local purposes, $2 per hundred feet. Sawed posts. 10 
cents; cordwood, $3.50. 

Large limestone deposits exist along Trail creek. 
Stone is used only for local foundation work. 

Ll.\m): — As a whole, the surface is that of a bil- 
lowy prairie. The levelest, a strip of average ten 
miles in width, extending entirely through the cotinty 
from north to south, is defined on the east by a line 
four miles from the east border and parallel with it, 
together with the northwest one-fourth of the county's 
square area. Southern half of the first strip brings 
$60 to $70. This land is probably no more productive 
than the balance, but its undulating slope is seductive 
Haying in Harrison County: Harrison Uerefords. 
S9« 



HARRISON COUNTY'S 1902 


CROP 




1 ACRES 


PKODfCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


125.192 


5,007.680 * 


$1,577,420 


Wheat 


2.13-3 


42,640 * 


24,520 


Oats 


9,613 


317,427 * 


82.530 


Hay 


6«5,5«j5 


99,850 t 


499,250 


Forage 


13,690 


18,255 t 


91,275 


Broom Corn 


36 


19.8001 


545 


Clover Seed 




150* 


S-25 


Grass Seed 




18,800* 


-39,140 


Tobacco 


1-3 


10,800 t 


1,080 


Potatoes 


984 


1-33,000 * 


29,5-30 


Vegetables 


1,365 




59,765 


Total 






1 $2,395,870 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 


1 


NUMBER i 


VALUE 


Cattle 






64.137 


$2,084,450 


Horses 






17.916 


1.194.400 


Mules 






2,53S 




190,:J50 


Asses and Jen 


nets 




12-3 




1-3.-300 


Sheep 






16,233 




54,110 


Swine 






69.601 




696,010 


Chickens 






224.9121 






Turkeys 
Geese ' 






9.175 r 
5,351 1 




200,810 


Ducks 






3.7;i7 ; 






Swarms of Be 


es 




4.808 




13.265 


Honev 






143.000 t 




17,950 


Wool 






0.960 t 




11,825 


Milk 




4,5i 


63.685 § 1 
38,937 X i 




201,000 


Butter 




t 




Eggs 




] 


.380,80011 




172.525 


Total 


1 


1 


»4.S48,S95 


• Bushels. 


t Poun 


ds. II Doz 


en. 


t Tons 


§ Gallo 


ns. 





Photos in h€adinif: 



HARRISON COUNTY. 



397 



STATE OF IOWA 



to the eyes of the immigrants from east 
or north who have for three years been 
pouring into Harrison. Balance of the 
prairie, lying mainly as above and in 
narrow strips between the streams, 
brings $40 to $50; an occasional find- 
ing at $30, and an equal number at $60. 
Soil is black prairie loam, from two to 
three feet deep, over clay subsoil. Bil- 
lowy prairie brings $40 to $55. Hill 
land of precipitous lay along the creeks 
brings $25. Soil is same as on prairie 
except that it is less deep on ridges. 
Within a mile of Bethany land has re- 
cently sold for $100. Grand river bot- 
tom land sells at $55 to $65 an acre. 

Vegetables and Fruit: — Soil is 
peculiarly adapted to vegetables and 
fruit. Corn, tomatoes and pumpkins 
are grown for canning factory located 
at Bethany. Apples, pears, and berries 
are sure crops, as tested in the year 
1903. Half a dozen orchards measui'e 
fifty to sixty acres. 

Manufactured Products : — Flour 
is chief. Mills are located at Bethany, 
Mt. Moriah, Hampton, and Eagleville. 
A factory at Gainesville makes imple- 
ment handles; brooms, and marble monuments are made at Bethany. 

Transportation: — Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City, 11.02; Leon, Mt. Ayr & 
Southwestern, 35.293; Keokuk & Western, 3.01. 

Churches: — Represent all Protestant denominations of Christian religion. 
Christian denomination has thirty churches in the county. Saloons are not 
allowed. 

Water is obtained in living supply at twelve to forty feet below surface. It 
is largely limestone. Stock water is supplied from wells by windmill means. 

Mineral Springs: — There are two: Crystal Spring and Heilbron Springs, the 
latter being well improved; location of Heilbron Sanitarium, in city of Bethany. 
A public spirited citizen of Bethany maintains a private park to which the pub- 
lic is invited. 

Towns: — Bethany: county seat, lighted by electricity; waterworks. Gaines- 
ville, Ridgeway, Gilman, New Hampton, Blythedale, Eagleville, live stock centers. 

Newspapers: — Bethany Democrat, Republican; New Hampton Herald; Gil- 
man Guide; Ridgeway Journal. 






ATURE pre- 
destined 
Henry coun- 
ty for agri- 
culture and 
stock raising and in addition gave It 
material which has builded its ex- 
tensive and distinct industries of tile 
working and pottery moulding. In phys- 
ical position the county is third south of 
the Missouri river and second east of the 
Kansas line. It is noted for pure-bred cat- 
tle and horses, and as the location of 



three of the largest and best known 
flouring mills in this section of the 
State. Educational advantages are 
worthy of mention. Clinton High 
School and Windsor High School 
head public school systems, the work 
of which Is approved by the State 
University. Baird College for Young 
Women is located at Clinton. Rail- 
road facilities are advantageous. 
Kansas City is but two hours away 
by rail, and Springfield equally close. 
The Missouri, Kansas & Texas erlves 
direct lino to St. Louis. 

Poimi.ation:— White, 2fi,9(;2; col- 
ored, l.nou; American born, L'7,:{12; 
foreign born, 742; total, 28.054. Farm 
homes owned, 2,207; rented, 1.147; 
other homes owned, 1,497; rented. 
1.349; total families. 0.200. 

Pholot in heading: Clinlun tiliincicare Co 
CUntun; Itnnnrr iUllH. i'liulnn. 

3BK 



HENRY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



I ACKES I I'KomCT I , VALUE 



Corn 

Wheat 

Oats 

Hay 

Forage 

Flax 

Hroom Corn 

Clover Seed 

(irass Seed 

■{"obacco 

Potatoes 

X'eRetables 



1^4,767 
23,590 
11.404 

.•{9.():."> 

8,.V^.') 
3,190 



22 

799 

1,800 



5,177.830 *, 

483,.'>!»5 * 

378.:M0* 

CS..^<o ♦ 

8.475 t 

.34,140 * 

1,754..^.(K1 t 

l.tL-id ♦ 

r.eoii » 
i4,3(ti> : 
99,Hr.'-> * 



SI 



Total 



»8.6i0,l.'i0 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



Kl 


NI> 


NIMIIKR 


VALIIK 


Tattle 




37,136 


.11 


,200. 920 


Horses 




18.873 




818,200 


Mules 




3.800 




2sr).(»iK) 


.Vsscs and Jcnncls 


HO 




9,lH)0 


Sheep 




3.000 




11,1)00 


Swine 




.M,.'>60 




.'•4.'..09O 


Chickens 




\Ti,mi 1 






Turkeys 
(Iccse 




C.3.'>5 1 
.■5,0(12 1 




104,31.'. 


Ducks 




L'.TOO J 






Sw.irins • 


.( Hecs 


2.(Uil 




0.3<W 


Honcv 




KN.TOl) } 




U.O^H) 


W.u.l 




11.S40 } 




1. 875 


Milk 
Mullcr 




3.11>8.098 5 ( 
.V.t 1.404 ; \ 




250.070 


j-.U-Ks 




I.OID.'.HKI II 




ri.t.S70 



r.ii.ii 

• Hiislirlv 

' I. .IIS. 



$:i.l«:t,4-.>.'> 



; Pr.iimls. 
^ (>.illonH. 



Doxen. 



While b'K-UM UilU. Clinlon; ArlCfion Lake. 



HENRY COUNTY. 



399 




Finance: — County tax, 
40 cents; road tax, 15 cents 
on one hundred dollars val- 
uation; school tax, from 15 
cents to $1.50; average, 50 
cents; total assessed valu- 
ation, $8,953,427; real es- 
tate is assessed upon one- 
third basis; personal prop- 
erty at seventy per cent 
rate; county debt, $455,- 
000; no township debt. 

Timbeb: — One - fourth 
of Henry county was orig- 
inally timbered, along the 
water courses. Indicative 
of the land's natural fertil- 
ity, the trees were of black 
walnut, hickory, wild cher- 
ry, maple, hackberry, and 
some black oak and elm 
varieties. Timber remains 
in sufficiency for firewood 
and rough board purposes. 

Minerals: — Upon the mineral resources are based two of the largest indus- 
trial Institutions of the county. Several different kinds of clays are found, one 
of which is admirably adapted to the manufacture of clay wares. At Calhoun, 
in the northeastern part of Henry county, for many years has operated a pottery 
making plant. It gives employment to a large part of the community. At Clin- 
ton, in the central part, is located a tile manufacturing plant, one of the largest 
in the western States. Its product is sold throughout the west and east to the ex- 
tent of several hundred car loads annually. 

Land: — The county contains 740 square miles of land surface, or 473,600 
acres. In actual cultivation are 370,976 acres, devoted to the growing of grains 
common to the temperate zone. A large acreage is devoted to wheat, most of 
which is consumed by flouring mills within the county. Corn is cultivated in 
vast quantity. Notwithstanding the enormous live stock feeding within the 
county, more than one and one-half million dollars worth of corn is annually 
shipped out. There are 3,447 farms of an average size of 127 acres estimated 
to be worth, according to present selling figures, $12,253,050, Grain products and 
live stock values in aggregate on Henry county farms average in excess of 
two thousand dollars for each farmer, or $16 for every acre of land, cultivated, 
pasture, and timber. Topographically, the county is three-fourths undulating 
prairie. The exception is found in the stream-adjoining strips. Farms sell 
at $30 to $35 an acre. Three-fifths of the soil is black loam, wherein the land 
brings $35. Seven-twentieths is a lighter colored limestone loam where the 
land sells at $30. One-twentieth of the land is rough; sells at $10 an acre. 

Towns: — Clinton, population 5,061, county seat; three railroads; supported 
by agriculture, stockraising, flouring, clay-working, and mercantile interests. 
Windsor, population 1,502, agriculture and stockraising. Deepwater, population 
1,201, agriculture and stockraising. Montrose, 613; Calhoun, 561; Urich, 445; 
Brownington, 407; all centers of agricultural districts. 

Transportation: — There are three railroads: Missouri, Kansas & Texas, 
which crosses the county from northeast to southwest; Frisco, and the Kansas 
City, Clinton & Springfield, which parallel, in right angle to the M., K. & T. 

Newspapers: — Clinton: Henry County Democrat; Evening Democrat; Eye; 
Tribune; Republican. Windsor: Review; Journal. Blairstown Times; Urich 
Herald; Deepwater World; Montrose Recorder; Calhoun Clarion. 




STRIKING about Hickory county is the beauty and low price of its prairie 
lands. It is characterized by four alternating strips of undulating prai- 
rie and rough lands, of north and south trend. Beginning at the west 
side of the county, prairie of undulating type extends one-fourth across, 
followed successively by strips of rough breaks of Pomme de Terre river, 
prairie, and foothills of an Ozark unevenness which break through the border of 
Camden county. Corn, hay, cattle, horses, hogs, and milk and butter are chief 
products from 1,768 farms, averaging 1,233 acres, embracing in aggregate 101,897 
acres of cultivated land. County contains 415 square miles of surfcae, equal to 
265,600 acres, valued at $2,349,940. 

Population: — White, 9,984; colored, 1; American boi'n, 9,793; foreign born, 
194; total, 9,985. Farm homes owned, 1,248; rented, 472; other homes owned, 
197; rented, 114; total families, 2,031. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred dollars; school tax from 10 
cents to 90 cents; average, 42 cents; total assessed valuation, $2,224,366; assessed 
valuation per cent of real valuation, 60; no county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Two-thirds originally; one-fourth cleared. Hickory, black oak, 
post oak exist in commercial quantities, since timber has been little removed ex- 
cept in clearing land. White oak, elm, wild cherry, walnut, and black-jack are 
prominent varieties. Saw mills have ever been of size 
comparing to local demand. 

Minerals:' — Iron, zinc and lead, coal, limestone, 
and oil. First four are found in small pockets, zinc 
and lead principally near Pittsburg. Pockets soon ex- 
hausted have been worked at several points upon 
Pomme de Terre river. Oil excitement once prevailed, 
based upon indications near Quincy. Limestone for 
local foundations is found upon river and creeks. 

Land: — The two prairies, one upon the west side 
of Pomme de Terre river being twice the size of that 
upon the east side, embrace one-third of county. Soil 
is black, prairie loam, one to two and a half feet in 
depth. Prices range from $20 to $30 an acre, being 
highest in vicinity of Weaubleau, a railroad point. 
The western prairie is gently undulating; the eastern 
slightly less so. Prices in former exceed those for 
similar land of latter location, $2.50 to $5 an acre, ow- 
ing to railroad facilities of the western side of the 
county. Two-thirds of Hickory is timber land, three- 
fourths of which is now tree bearing. This three- 
fourths of two-thirds may be had at $7 to $10 an acre. 
Heaviest timber is upon the eastern border. Soil is 
clay, mixed with gravel and surface stone. Wheat is 
peculiarly favored of this soil. The cleared timber 
lands are creek and river bottoms. Soil is black or 
brown, endless depth, sometimes bearing few surface 

J^'jiry Barns and Cooling House of J. M. Knyhtmh Uermilage. 
400 



HICKORY COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 F RODUC T 


1 VALtE 


Corn 


39,985 


1,.S99.745* 


$ 412,845 


Wheat 


8,949 


143.185* 


78,7.50 


Oats 


5,645 


169,350* 


44,875 


Hay 


14,-<.'45 


21,370 + 


10(;,8.50 


Forage 


1,935 


2,420 t 


12,100 


Flax 


35 


210 t 


215 


Broom Corn 


13 


0,,5no t 


ISO 


Clover Seed 




220* 


1,230 


Grass Seed 




660* 


1,080 


Tobacco 


7 


4.900 t 


465 


Potatoes 


393 


49,125 * 


15,720 


Vegetables 


4T0 




24,935 


Total 1 i 


1 $ 699,245 


LIVE STOCK AND TRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


14,669 




$ 403,400 


Horses 


5,176 




310.560 


Mules 


1,018 




66,170 


Asses and Jennets 


41 




3,690 


Sheep 


5.745 




17,23,5 


Swine 


20.201 




202,040 


Chickens 


89,2591 






Turkeys 
(ieese 


1,632 ( 
2,624 f 




49,055 


Ducks 


805 1 






Svvarins of Bees 


056 




1,1.30 


Honey 


31,867 




2,735 


Wool 


18.250 




3,040 


Milk 


1,2!J9,832 1 
223,642 f 




70,235 


Butler 




Eggs 


053,980 




81,745 


Total 1 1 


$1,211,035 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


zen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photo in heading: 



HICKORY COUNTY 



401 




-K 



There is 



rock. Corn is principal product. 
Prices, $25 to $35. No damaging 
overflows. 

Manufactured Products : — 
Flour, railroad ties, and hard- 
wood lumber for demand within 
county. 

Transportation: — The Frisco 
railroad has 7.42 miles taxed 
roadbed. Gives direct service to 
Kansas City and Springfield. Ex- 
tension of Missouri Pacific from 
Warsaw to Springfield is feasi- 
ble, and likely. Pomme de Terre 
river is used for railroad tie 
transportation to Warsaw, mak- 
ing connection with Missouri 

Pacific railroad. Steel bridges cross river in most frequented points, 
no toll. 

Churches: — Weaubleau, Cross Timbei's and Hermitage have two each; 
Wheatland has three Protestant churches. Weaubleau Christian Institute is the 
leading educational institution; co-educational; enrolls one hundred pupils. 

Water: — On prairies, wells reach limestone water at 40 to 50 feet. In hills 
springs are used. Ponds are dug for live stock on prairies. 

Fish and Game: — Catfish weighing fifty pounds have been caught in Pomme 
de Terre river. This river and Little Niangua are stocked with buffalo, bass, 
drum, suckers, redhorse and jack salmon. Wild turkeys are largest game. 

Dairying: — Farmers are rapidly taking to dairying, owing largely to the 
adaptability of climate and land lay. Near the railroad on the west side of 
Hickory county are several farms contributing daily to Kansas City dairy 
markets. 

Fur Industry: — Otter and mink are trapped in winter, the fur industry 
amounting to considerable. 

Towns: — Weaubleau, largest railroad town; Hermitage, county seat; Wheat- 
land, Cross Timbers, centers of respective farming districts. 

Newspapers: — Hermitage Index; Weaubleau Leader; Hermitage Republican. 



^^ 


^^ 


^Mki^ 


1; -'^■^ 













saw mill, hickory coxtnty. 



Mo — 2fi 




HOLT COUNTY'S 1909 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



OVERTOWERING attainments of Holt county are intellectual, agri- 
cultural, horticultural. Art, music, literature hold high esteem. Corn 
production reaches a total value of one and one-half million dol- 
lars a year. Fruit never fails. Loess land bluffs of Missouri river 
insure against drought injury. Fruit is sold in orchards, made into 
cider, jellies and fruit butters. Cattle, horses and mules, hogs, dairy products, 
oats, hay, potatoes and poultry are large products. There are many poultry 
fanciers resident who hold at Oregon, county seat, an annual meet. Land area, 
462 square miles, 295,680 acres, of which 224,996 acres are in a high state of cul- 
tivation. Number of farms, 2,256; average size, 117.9 acres; estimated actual 
valuation, $10,485,180. 

Population: — White, 16,945; colored, 138; American born, 16,473; foreign 
born, 610; total, 17,083. Farm homes owned, 1,395; rented, 809; other homes 
owned, 799; rented, 728; total families, 3,731. Foreign population is German, 
occupying property mainly in northwest and southeast section of county. 

Finance: — Tax for county purposes, 30 cents; road, 10 cents; special road 
and bridge, 15 cents; average school tax, 49 cents; assessed valuation, $7,555,854; 
average per cent valuation real estate, 30; personal, 40; no county debt; no 
township debt. 

Timber: — Originally covered two-thirds surface, along Missouri and Noda- 
way river bottoms and along bluffs of former. Less 
__, than ten per cent is now timbered. Cordwood, $4, de- 
livered. Present timber is in south and east sections. 
Walnut, locust, elm, sumach, willow, maple, box elder. 
Limestone and Sand: — Former in great quantities 
is deposited along Missouri river bluffs. No quarries. 
Sand is plentiful; used locally. 

Land:' — Three kinds: river bottoms, prairie, silt 
bluffs. More than one-third is river bottoms. That 
along the Missouri river is practically bounded by the 
Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad. 
Nodaway river bottoms are two to four miles wide. Soil 
is black, sandy loam, of endless depth. For one-half 
this land $50 an acre is asked. One-tenth, adjoining 
Missouri river, may be bought for $30; three-tenths of 
bottoms sells at $60; remaining one-tenth at $75. One- 
fourth of county is billowy prairie, where land now sell- 
ing brings $65 to $80. Adjoining Maitland and Mound 
City, where it lays levelest, farms are bringing $90 to 
$100. Some finely improved farms at outskirts of these 
towns have sold for $125 recently. A small per cent, 
say one-fifth of this prairie, approaching the once tim- 
bered hills, may be had at $50. Soil is two to four feet, 
adapted to cereals and grasses and vegetables. For ten 
miles up the Nodaway, beginning at its mouth and 
bounding the Missouri bottoms, are steep bluffs, with 
adjacent hills, little less precipitous. This land to ex- 
Panorama of Bolt Count]/. 
402 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


113,449 


5,105,205 * 


$1,608,140 


Wheat 


9,098 


163,765 * 


94.165 


Oais 


15,470 


402,3-.i0 * 


104,575 


Hay 


92,003 


15,645 t 


117,340 


Forage 


2,170 


2,895 t 


14,475 


Broom Corn 


40 


3,200 t 


605 


Clover Seed 




125* 


690 


Grass Seed 




950* 


1.475 


Tobacco 


55 


49,500 t 


4,950 


Potatoes 


1,108 


138,500 * 


.33,240 


Vegetables 


1,390 




39,750 



12,019,405 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


29,656 


$ 963,820 


Horses 


9,266 


617,7.35 


Mules 


2,617 


196,275 


Asses and Jennets 


30 


3.000 


Sheep 


4,345 


14,485 


Swine 


98,886 


998,860 


Chickens 


135,920 l 




Turkeys 
Geese 


1,436 [ 
2,.355 1 


131,130 


Ducks 


3,2,55 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2,572 


6,165 


Honey 


85,733 1 
17,600 t 


10,717 


Vi^ool 


2,935 


Milk 
Butter 


2,314,523 § 1 
404,028 t ) 


128,360 


Eggs 


845,390 II 


105,675 



$3,179,157 



: Pounds. 
' Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photo in heading: 



HOLT COUNTY 



403 



extent of one-tenth of county is 
to be had at $25 to $35 an acre. 
Strips defined shade into hill 
land which amounts to one- 
third the county, worth on aver- 
age $50 to $60. Close to Oregon 
it is higher in price, purely on 
account of location. Few farms 
adjoining Oregon have brought 
$100. Fruit thrives here. Acre- 
ages yield incredibly large 
dividends and are therefore prac- 
tically not on market. Farm homes 
frequently cost $5,000. Barns are 
large. Real estate sales amount to $1, 
543,000, within the past year. 

Manufactures: — Canning factories at 
Oregon, Mound City, Forest City; put up corn, 
tomatoes, apples, pumpkins. Quality exceeds 
quantity. First prizes were won at Chicago Ex- 
position. Cider, jelly, and fruit butter plant, brick 
yard, cigar factory, flouring mill, sorghum mill, broom 
factory at Oregon. Mound City has flouring mill and 
cigar factory. Flouring mills at Forest City, Craig and 
Maitland. 





A TYPICAL THRESHING SCENE. 




Transporta t I o n : — 
Atchison & Nebraska, 2.90; 
St. Joseph & Nebraska 
(continuation), 5.86; Kan- 
sas City, St. Joseph & Coun- 
cil Bluffs, 59.46 miles taxed 
road. Dirt road grading 
is a feature. 

Churches and 
Schools : — Three lar- 
gest towns have fifteen 
churches, all denomina- 
tions. High Schools: Ore- 
gon, Mound City, Mait- 
eounty, 109; school houses. 



land. School rooms in 
79. 

Mound City, because of mineral spring and 
Big Lake, near Bigelow, are favorite points for 
pastime. At Big Lake is crappie, bass and trout 
fishing; boat house; duck shooting. 

Towns: — Oregon, county seat, electric lights, 
waterworks, park; annual chrysanthemum show; 
Mound City, electric lights, waterworks, park; 
Maitland, prairie town; Craig, Forest City, New 
Point, Bigelow, Corning, Forbes, all farming cen- 
ters. 

Newspapers:— Mound City News, Jeffersonian ; 
Maitland Herald; Craig Leader; Bigelow Enter- 
prise; Forest City Star; Oregon Sentinel. 

AN artist 

WITH THE ROPE. 




O noMMw 



r:^'^* 1^^ 




HOWARD is one of Missouri's mother counties. It was early settled 
and from its borders have gone out men who laid and maintained 
the foundations of other counties in the State. It is notable for its 
great men produced, its schools and homes and fine live stock. The 
county is situated upon the north bank of the Missotiri river, mid- 
way the State east and west. Cattle is the chief item of export. There are more 
pure bred Aberdeen-Angus and Brown Swiss cattle in Howard than in any other 
Missouri county, and there are many Shorthorn and Hereford herds. Much 
wheat is grown. Three of the oldest colleges of the State are located at two 
leading towns. In square miles the county measures 450. There are three 
kinds of soils. Of the 288,000 acres, 213,894 acres are included in improved 
farms. Number of farms, 2,037, averaging 140.2 acres, worth in aggregate, ac- 
cording to present selling prices, $7,905. t>30. 

Popixation: — "White, 14.155; colored, 4,182; American born, 18,014; foreign 
born, 423; total, 18,337. Farms homes owned, 1,457; 
rented, 542: other homes owned, 763; rented, 1,085; 
total families, 3,847. 

FI^^A]^rcE: — County 40 cents on the one hundred 
dollars; school tax, 20 cents to $1.35, average, 49 cents; 
total assessed valuation, $6,857,716; thirty-five per 
cent of actual valuation. No county debt. Chariton 
township owes $15,000. 

Timber: — One-half of the county was originally 
timbered. Species indigenous are walnut, all the oaks, 
hickory, sycamore, linwood, elm, cottonwood and maple. 
Three-fifths of the timbered lands bore large growth 
trees; two-fifths of the trees were of the hoop-pole 
size. 

Mineral: — Coal has been mined for a great many 
years. Annual production is 4,350 tons. There are 
two veins, the upper, thinner one now being worked. 
It is from eighteen to forty inches thick. Limestone 
is found in the bluffs along the Missouri river. 

Salt W.\ter: — Ordinarily the water of the county 
is limestone seepage. In certain springs, however, is 
found water heavily charged with salt. For many 
years this was a means of salt supply. The water de- 
posits two tablespoonsful of salt to the gallon. 

Laxd: — There are three types of land, as well as 
three kinds of soil. One-tenth of the county is Mis- 
souri river bottom alluvium, deep, black, fertile. It 



HOWARD COUNTY'S 190:i 


CROP 


1 .'^CKES 1 PRODUCT | 


VALUE 


Corn 


55,503 


8,608,641 * 


$ 769.550 


Wheat 


43,481 


956,586 * 


526,120 


Oats 


2.732 


84,690 * 


22.440 


Hay 


25,613 


43.540 t 


278,655 


Forage 


1,630 


2.0:j5 t 


10.17:> 


Broom Corn 


11 


5,500 t 


150 


Clover Seed 




2,400* 


13, HO 


Grass Seed 




145* 


200 


Tobacco 


69 


48,300 t 


4,590 


Potaioes 


561 


75.735 * 


24,235 


Vegetables 


740 




44,530 


Total 1 1 


1 $1,694,145 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


V.\I.VE 


Cattle 


25,S89 




$ 841,395 


Horses 


8,019 




534,600 


Mules 


4,321 




324,075 


Asses and Jennets 


176 




22,0tXi 


Sheep 


11,627 




34,8^0 


Swine 


41.460 




414.000 


Chickens 


119,3851 






Turkeys 
Geese 


6,892 1 
3,059 [ 




110.5,'->5 


Ducks 


1,3-13 1 






Swarms of Bees 


1,35S 




2,920 


Honey 


47,267 1 
53.170 l 




5,660 


Wool 




8,860 


M.Ik 


1, 902,8 JO § 1 




136,515 


Butter 


348,718 t i 




Eggs 


674,530 II 




84,315 


Total 1 1 


§ 2.520, ;175 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


ten. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Phofo ill hcailiiiti: At the Uour of Kve. 



404 



HOWARD COUNTY. 



405 



CHARITON 


COUNTY ! 






— > y '■ ^^JJ^AiTTislropg ^o^ • 'V---..., 




O /--n'mun p.. 


iH^O Tvm R ^ jW / 






/ [^ FAYETTE^^L..^ ,„„, %.y^ i/^ 




(D 1\ ^~~~45. 


^ji) £r .\ I _ / 




' m^ 


\<A ^j *p 9 \ "^ >' '^ 




^^^^r ^"""^^^^^^k^l- 




^^"^5^ 


COOPER 1^ COUNTY ^^ 





seldom overflows, and never is 
injured by ovei'flow. Farms are 
well improved and sell for $50 
an acre. One-fifth of the county 
is white oak land of loess char- 
acter, whereon fruit thrives. It 
interlies the alluvium along the 
river and the soil upon the 
prairie in the northeastern one- 
half. Farms here may be bought 
at $25 an acre, on the average. 
Seven-tenths of the county is 
upland which brings an average 
of $40 an acre. Most of it is 
prairie, though in some parts it 
was once covered with a dense 
growth of heavy timber. Blue 
grass is native to it all and will 
choke out all other grasses If the 
land be pastured. 

Flouring Mills: — The only 
manufactures of the county are 
flouring mills. There are many 
acres devoted to wheat growing, 

hence are found within the county several large and many smaller flouring and 
feed mills. 

Transportation: — Chicago & Alton main line, Kansas City to the east; Mis- 
souri, Kansas & Texas main line; Wabash connection is had by the town of 
Glasgow. 

Schools: — There are three first class colleges. Central College at Fayette, 
chartered 1855, twenty acre campus; 6,000 volumes in library. This school is 
the head of those educational institutions in the west under control of the Gen- 
eral Board of Education of the Methodist Episcopal church. South. It is a mem- 
ber of the Missouri College Union. Howard-Payne College, located at Fayette, 
is a boarding school for young women, and of high standing. Pritchett Institute 
and Observatory, located at Glasgow, is a well known college of reputation. It is 
co-educational, and is distinguished chiefly because of its observatory work. 

There are splendid high schools at 
Fayette, Glasgow, and New Frank- 
lin. 

Towns: — Fayette, county seat, 
school town, population, 2,717. 
Glasgow, river town, population, 
1,672. New Franklin, railroad junc- 
tion, population, 1,156. Armstrong, 
461. Roanoke, 147. These are all 
incorporated and are supported 
mainly by being trading centers of 
their respective live stock and gen- 
eral farming communities. 

Newspapers : — Fayette Adver- 
tiser, Democrat-Leader; Glasgow 
Missourian, Globe, Echo; Arm- 
strong Herald; New Franklin 

central college, FAYETTE. T NeWS. 




> 




THE largest peach growing county in Missouri is Howell, situated upon 
the Arkansas border, half way across the State. Its lay is uneven, 
soil clay and its surface, excepting the valleys, covered with small 
rocks. Agriculturally, 153,710 of its total 588,800 acres are under 
plow. "West Plains, county seat, population, 2,902, and Willow 
Springs, railroad junction, population 1,078, are trading centers and distributing 
points felt far beyond their county confines. Schools are a feature. Grapes are 
grown in vast quantities. Manufacturing thrives, incident to horticultural in- 
terests. 

Population: — White, 21,612; colored, 222; American born, 21,416; foreign 
born, 418; total, 21,834. Farm homes owned, 3,834; rented, 715; other homes 
owned, 599; rented, 738; total families, 5,886. 

Finance: — County tax 50 cents for general revenue and 10 cents for roads; 
school tax from 5 cents to $1.40, average, 71; total assessed valuation, 
$3,829,898; assessed valuation per cent of actual value, 
50; no county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Formerly the entire surface was tim- 
bered, though never densely so. In northern one-fourth 
much pine was found; balance of land principally cov- 
ered with white, black, and post oak, black-jack and 
hickory. Mountain View is now the lumbering center. 
Wild timber is fast being succeeded by peach trees 
and grape vines. 

Minerals: — Carbonate of zinc, iron, silver and 
gold have been found. Carbonate of zinc exists in large 
quantities in southwest Howell, eighteen miles from 
railroad. Iron all over county. Mines central. Lime- 
stone deposits of worth exist in every township. Blue 
sandstone is found one mile from West Plains. Kaolin 
deposits seven miles northeast of West Plains; un- 
worked. 

Land: — Square miles 920; number of farms, 
3,065; average acreage, 136.1; total value, $3,525,280. 
Located upon south slope of Ozark mountains. In 
stage of settlement and commercial development, in 
advance of most south Missouri counties. Land nearly 
all rock covered, but some of best valley lands are 
almost free therefrom. North half of county, together 
with that portion in south described by the three lower 
congressional townships adjoining Ozark county com- 
prises the roughest land Here are found most sur- 



HOVifELL COUNTY 'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


47,686 


1,525,952* 


$ 572,230 


Wheat 


36,605 


366,050 * 


215,970 


Oats 


4,-322 


108,050 * 


86,015 


Hay 


11,822 


17,735 t 


wo.eis 


Forage 


1,125 


1,310 t 


6,5.50 


Broom Corn 


26 


13,000 t 


360 


Clover Seed 




85* 


470 


Grass Seed 




30* 


65 


Cotton 


520 


150,000 1 
72,420 I 


11,700 


Tobacco 


102 


7,240 


Potatoes 


733 


69,635 * 


33,425 


Vegetables 


855 




36,500 


Total 1 1 


1 $1,080,140 


LIVE STOCK AND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND • 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


C;Utle 


15,360 




$".384,000 


Horses 


0,295 




377,700 


Mules 


2,275 




1-36,-500 


Asses and Jennets 


42 




3,780 


Sheep 


10,145 




30,435 


Swine 


28,020 




280,200 


Chickens 


82,031 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


2.830 1 
2.358 f 




08,140 


Ducks 


1,777 ) 






Swarms of Bees 


818 




2,218 


Honey 


27,267 :: 
31,-350:: 




3,408 


Wool 




5,225 


Milk 
Butler 


2,196,528 § I 
436,122 X f 




1,50,290 


Eggs 


627,180 11 




78,475 


Total 1 1 


$1„520„371 


* Bushels. i Pounds. || D02 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photo in heading: 



Howell County's Leading Crops. 
40« 



HOWELL COUNTY. 



407 



face rock. Upon this character of 
land are located the largest and 
best orchards. It may be bought at 
$1.50 to $5 an acre, except it ad- 
joins the railroad, in which case it 
sells at $10 to $12.50. This land 
is timbered. Interspersing this 
land are found streamless valleys, 
comprising perhaps one-twelfth the 
surface, worth $15 to $25. In the 
balance of the south half not here- 
tofore included are found the farm 
lands of county. In Howell Val- 
ley and adjoining the Frisco, are 
ten thousand acres of farms rang- 
ing in price from $35 to $45 an 
acre. Suburb to West Plains land 
reaches $75 an acre. Good creek 
liottom lands elsewhere in the 
south half of county may be had at 
$10 to $20 an acre. Soil is univer- 
sally dark brown clay, with lighter 
colored subsoil. 

Manufactories: — Local in ca- 
pacity, and incident to fruit, min- 
ing and living necessities. Include, 
at West Plains, two large flouring 
mills, woolen mills, vinegar works, 
canning factory, feed mill, ice 
plant, distillery, two brick yards, 
machine shop, wagon and carriage 
factory, zinc oxide plant, cigar fac- 
tory, two planing mills. 

Transpoktation : — Frisco, 39.75; 
taxed roadbed. 

Schools: — West Plains has school system embracing three ward and high 
schools. West Plains College is an academic school with 75 enrolled. Willow 
Springs Academy, preparatory school; 50 enrolled. 

Springs: — Siloam and Cureall springs are of reputed medicinal value. 

Towns: — West Plains, on main line Memphis-Springfield Frisco railroad; 
good schools; twelve churches, small park, waterworks, electric lights, fine 
hotel; opera house, baseball park, social club rooms, public library, Chautauqua 
circle. Willow Springs, rail- 

J !^* ^ 



road town, junction of Frisco 
Springfield-Memphis line and 
Current River route; electric 
lights, waterworks, telephone. 
Siloam Springs; Burnham; 
Mountain View; Olden; Hut- 
ton. Horticulture and agricul- 
ture are main supports of 
each. 

Newspapers : — West 
Plains Gazette, Journal, News, 
Quill; Willow Springs Index, 
Republican; Mountain View 
Postman. 




ARKANSAS 



Frisco, Current river route, 18.97 miles 




BURKO an I) 1!0Y. 



IRON 




IRON county receives its name from the vast amount of iron ore which it 
has supplied. It is famous as the location of Pilot Knob, a mountain 
peak seven hundred feet higher than its valleys, from which two million 
tons of iron have been taken; for Shepherd mountain, eight hundred feet 
high; and for other high peaks which have furnished large quantities of 
iron. County is third south of Missouri river and fourth west of Mississippi 
river, and is adjacent to Missouri's greatest lead mining district. In Arcadia 
Valley is found the same geological formation which characterizes the district 
centering at Mine La Motte, one of the oldest and largest lead mines in the 
Mississippi valley. Granite is a second mineral asset 
of importance. Other claims to distinction are in both 
hardwood and pine lumber resources, and also in the 
fact that it is the location of many summer homes of 
people living chiefly in St. Louis. Three miles south- 
east of Ironton the United States government owns a 
tract of land used as a rifle range by troops stationed 
at Jefferson Barracks, suburban to St. Louis. In the 
city of Ironton, county seat, is erected a bronze statue 
of General U. S. Grant, commemorating the spot where 
he received his military commission. There are 550 
square miles of land in Iron county, 352,000 acres, of 
which the farming area represents 44,784 acres in 
cultivated land. There are 880 farms embracing an 
average of 116.2 acres of lands of different descriptions. 
They represent an actual aggregate of $2,145,770. 

Population: — White, 8,468; colored, 248; Ameri- 
can born, 8,393; foreign born, 323; total, 8,716. Farm 
homes owned, 646; rented, 197; other homes owned; 
401; rented, 442; total families, 1,686. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 15 cents to 60 cents, 
average, 40 cents; total assessed valuation $2,623,620; 
assessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, 60; 
no county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Eighty-five per cent of county bears tim- 
ber, most of this acreage having timber of commercial 
Photo in heading: Broad Eddy and Bluff, Big Piney River, 

408 



IRON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


11,9T7 


329,368 * 


8 123,515 


Wheat 


2,717 


35.320 * 


20.840 


Oats 


1,393 


30,045 * 


10,215 


Hay 


8,219 


12,330 t 


117,135 


Forage 


405 


540 t 


2,700 


Clover Seed 




20* 


no 


Tobacco 


23 


16,3.30 t 


1,635 


Potatoes 


281 


25,290 * 


11,1-10 


Vegetables 


215 




9,780 


Total 1 1 


1 $297,070 


LIVE STOCK AND PROC 


>UCTS 


KIND ! NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


8,245 




8 185,512 


Horses 


1,66.5 




99,900 


Mules 


780 




46.800 


Asses and Jennets 


10 




900 


Sheep 


3,075 




9,225 


Swine 


8,446 




84,460 


Chickens 


25,0321 






Turkeys 


«8G 1 
1.737 f 




17,015 


Geese 




Ducks 


1,390 J 






Swarms of Bees 


723 




1,854 


Honey 


24,100 t 




3,013 


Wool 


8.200 t 




1,367 


Milk 


661.062 § * 




60,909 


Butter 


127,673 t \ 




Eggs 


138,510 II 




17,315 


Total 1 1 


$528,351 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || D02 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





IRON COUNTY 



409 




size. From eleven to 
fifteen millions o f 
feet of hardwood 
lumber are shipped 
annually. Black oak 
represents forty per 
cent of timber stand- 
ing; white oak an 
equal amount; pine 
five per cent, esti- 
mated to represent 
$155,000 worth o f 

raw material; and the balance is small growth hickory, wal- 
nut along streams, sycamore and elm. Along the railroad the 
large size timber has been cut. Pine appears in extreme west- 
ern end of Iron county and borders the west side of the prin- 
cipal hardwood forest covering nearly the entire western 
length. 

Minerals: — Iron has been produced since 1847. Pilot 
Knob, Shepherd mountain. Cedar mountain, Buford mountain, 
Russell, and Shut-In are the chief sources. Indications spread 
over entire surface. Marble, granite, lead, copper, limestone, 
sandstone, fire clay and kaolin are deposited. In Belleview 
valley, in northeastern corner is found a superior granite in 
immense quantities. It is of the sort found in the new Wash- 
ington University buildings at St. Louis. 

Land: — For general agricultural purposes, the best lands 
are located in Belleview valley in the northeastern part of the 
county, west of Buford mountain and north of Graniteville. 
Area comprises thirty square miles of fertile, red limestone clay soil, free from 
the flint fragments so common in upland district. Another section of fertility 
same as above but of less area is famous Arcadia valley, location of Ironton 
and Arcadia. These valleys are merely lowlands independent, in point of origin, 
of the streams which may be flowing through them. Soils are alluvial. Good 
land for farming is located about the upper waters of Marble creek. In south 
and west, county is very broken and rocky. Best improved lands are bringing 
$25 to $40 an acre; ridge land $5 to $15. Unimproved, timbered, best, $3 to $5; 
remainder from 50 cents to $2.50. Government land, 8,242 acres. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills, saw mills, hub and spoke factories, screen 
door factory and granite working plant. 

Transportation: — St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, main line north to 
south. 

Mineral Springs: — At Annapolis, in south county. Arcadia, mile south of 

Ironton, is a summer resort of note, especially for St. Louisans. Summer homes 

are maintained here and at Ironton. Both towns are within the shadow of 

picturesque Iron mountain. Perquisite to life here are fishing and hunting. 

Towns: — Graniteville, 846 people, ships 500 to 600 cars of granite annually; 

Ironton, county seat, 797, mining, man- 
ufacturing and farming; Arcadia, sum- 
mer resort, schools and manufacturing; 
Pilot Knob, 455, mining; Des Arc; 
Belleview; Vulcan, Middle Brook, 
Sabula and Jordan. 

Schools: — Arcadia College, and 
Ursuline Academy at Arcadia. 

Newspapers :-■ — Iron Register. 
where the hill slopes down 

TO the water's edge. 





■ PON the south 
bank of the Mis- 
souri river, at 
the western 
point where the 
stream begins its flow across the State, is Jackson county, Missouri. In the 
northwest corner of Jackson county is Kansas City, second city in size in the State 
and twenty-second among the municipalities of the United States. This suburban 
condition, coupled with the remarkable natural fertility of all soils and topo- 
graphies presented, encourages fancy farming in 
the north and west and general live stock feed- 
ing and stock breeding elsewhere in the county. An- 
other consequence of a great city within its borders 
is the location of many fine homes, 225 miles of rock 
roads and drives and electric lines linking suburb and 
city. Jackson county contains 630 square miles of land, 
403,200 acres, of which 284,122 acres are under high 
state of cultivation. Number of farms, 3,681; average 
size, 97.5 acres; estimated actual valuation, according 
to market price, $22,642,725. Fine horses and cattle 
aggregate the amount of two and one-half million dol- 
lars. Farms produce a total of corn amounting each 
year to one and a half million dollars. Milk and but- 
ter amount annually to almost another million dol- 
lars. 

Population:— White, 176,053; colored, 19,140; 
American born, 175,140; foreign born, 20,053; total, 
195,193. Farm homes owned, 2,097; rented, 1,536; 
other homes owned, 10,337; rented, 28,124; total fami- 
lies, 42,094. 

Finance: — County tax, 35 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from nothing to $1.10, 
average 46; total assessed valuation, $114,730,819; as- 
sessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, 40; 
county debt $150,000; township debt, $104,000. 



JACKSON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES ] PRODUCT 


1 VAl-UE 


Corn 


115,254 


4,379,652 * 


11,379,590 


Wheat 


24,981 


624,525 * 


359,100 


Oats 


8,382 


276,606 * 


71,915 


Hay 


36,181 


54,270 + 


379,890 


Forage 


5,995 


7,995 t 


39,975 


Flax 


1,960 


19,600 * 


20,385 


Broom Corn 


4 


2,200 t 


HO 


Clover Seed 




2,.500 * 


13,7.50 


Grass Seed 




1,1.50* 


1,785 


Tobacco 


13 


11,700 t 


1,170 


Potatoes 


2,508 


363,660 * 


87,280 


Vegetables 


3,215 




188,790 


Total 1 1 


1 $2,543,690 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


50,091 




$1,627,955 


Horses 


14,490 




96G.O0O 


Mules 


3,598 




26;l,850 


Asses and Jennets 


151 




15,100 


Sheep 


17,479 




5S,265 


Swine 


74,409 




744,090 


Chickens 


245,6901 
9,314 i 
3,485 f 






Turkeys 






Geese 




17(;,800 


Ducks 


4,515 J 






Swarms of Bees 


3,438 




11,805 
14,385 
11,925 


Honey 
Wool 


114,267:; 
61,540 :: 




Milk 


6,570,662 § ( 




Butter 


947,009 t f 




821,425 


Eggs 


1,388,730 II 




173,590 


Total 1 1 


$4,891,240 


* Bushels. 1 Pounds. || Dos 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photos in heading: 
Boulevard. 



Country Place of Jat)ies Frazcr, Independence; An liidciinnlciice 



410 



JACKSON COUNTY. 



411 




Minerals : — Two miles 
southeast of city limits of Kan- 
sas City coal is mined. Shaft is 
320 feet deep; annual production, 
21,000 tons; vein is eighteen 
inches thick. Coal is underlaid 
by fire clay mining. Sixty men 
employed. 

Land: — Along the north line 
flows the Missouri river which 
gives Jackson many hundreds of 
acres of bottom land, rich, sandy 
loam. Two smaller rivers cut 
the county north and south ex- 
tending this acreage in two 
parallel strips. South from the 
north line the land is rolling 
and was at one time heavily tim- 
bered. Along the Blue river tim- 
ber still stands upon acreages to 
which is confined the rough land 
of the county. Ten miles 
south from the Missouri river 
begins the unbroken stretch 
of prairie, embracing one-half 
of the county area and every foot cultivable. Within five miles of Kan- 
sas City along the rock roads land is divided into gardens and is worth from 
two to five hundred dollars an acre. Prairie land within three miles of a rock 
road sells at $100 to $250 an acre. Average farm east of a line ten miles east 
of Kansas City will cost the buyer $125 an acre. Small acreage of rough land 
may be had at $40 an acre. Bottom lands are, of course, alluvial; hill lands 
are coated with a black soil of one to four feet, of remarkable fertility. Topog- 
raphy makes no material difference in price of land. 

Rock Roads: — Built of native limestone, twelve to eighteen feet wide, drive- 
way of dirt alongside. Roads built within past twelve years at a cost of $2,000,- 
000. Rock preparation is sixteen inches thick. Independence is ten miles east 
of Kansas City, connected by two lines of rock roads. From this county seat 
town run, in every direction, seven trunk line roads, and from Kansas City south 
to county line are two other roads. County is now building a boulevard 100 feet 
wide from Kansas City to Swope Park, six miles out. Bridges are of solid 
masonry or steel. Hills are cut down and hollows filled. County is spending 
$275,000 a year in road building, anticipating in the near future a system of 
rock roads completely covering the county plat. 

Cities and Towns: — Kansas City, population 163,752; Independence, county 
seat, population G,974; Lee's Summit, 
1,453; Blue Springs, 468; Oak Grove, 
408; Buckner, 234; Greenwood, 230; 
Sheffield, Blue Springs. 

Newspapers: — Kansas City Daily: 
Star, Times, Journal, World, Presse; 
Independence: Jackson Examiner, Sen- 
tinel, Judge, The Letter; Zion's En- 
sign; School News; Assembly News; 
Lee's Summit Journal; Oak Grove 
Banner; Buckner Tribune; Blue 
Springs Sni-a-Bar Voice; Sheffield 
Press. 




9 



, .fill 11 iiiiiinii-ii 1 ■iiiiiiinTLniiuiiijiii 1 nimi iji iiiiixiii-ij:iiiri*iiiLiiiix'i-irrTi 




JASPER COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



JASPER is Missouri's one hundred million dollar county. It is reliably 
estimated that its vast resources are beyond this valuation. The county 
borders Kansas, and is fifty miles north of Arkansas. It is the greatest 
zinc mining district in the world. The ore supply is practically unlim- 
ited. This mineral, worked since 1873, is found mainly in the south half 
of the county. Lead ore has been profitably mined since 1848 and was the 
means of the zinc discovery. At the center of the county is found boundless 
deposit of white limestone, dressed production from which is shipped all over 
the United States and is of large industrial importance to the county. In the 
southeast corner horticulture is a heavy asset. Here are extensive nurseries 
and this is the location of the largest strawberry acreage in Missouri. From one 
point, alone, three hundred and sixty car loads of berries are exported in ordi- 
nary seasons. The northern half of the county is de- 
voted to agriculture and the feeding of live stock. 
Wheat is an important cereal and as a consequence this 
section is famous for flouring mills of large number 
and capacities. Jasper county has three cities with a 
combined population of 45,000. Joplin, largest city of 
southwest Missouri, has 26,023 inhabitants; Carthage, 
county seat, has 9,416, and Webb City, intervening, has 
9,201. An electric line connects most towns of the 
south half of the county and there are 250 miles of 
gravel roads in splendid condition. County has a per- 
manent public school fund of $275,000. There are three 
high schools and Carthage Collegiate Institute doing 
work approved by the State University. 

Popiilation: — White, 82,576; colored, 1,442; Amer- 
ican born, 81,855; foreign born, 2,163; total, 84,018. 
Farm homes owned, 1,765; rented, 1,282; other homes 
owned, 8,880; rented, 6,067; total families, 17,994. 

Finance: — County tax: general revenue 50 cents, 
special road and bridge 15 cents, total 65 cents on one 
hundred dollars valuation; school tax 10 cents to $1.70, 
average 62 cents; total assessed valuation, $18,863,871; 
real estate is assessed upon a basis valuation of forty 
per cent of actual valuation and personal property ap- 
praisement is upon a 60 per cent basis. No county 
indebtedness. Township debt, $80,000, for railway 
construction. 
Photos in heading: Beckoning the Harvesters; Mining Scene, Webb City, 

412 . 





ACHES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


73,915 


2,402,238 * 


% 756,705 


Wheat 


82,975 


1,618,015* 


889,910 


Oats 


17,009 


510,270* 


135,220 


Hay 


14,531 


21,795 t 


163,465 


Forage 


3.640 


4,855 t 


24,275 


Flax 


2,8'.l4 


11.576* 


12,040 


Broom Corn 


28 


14,400 X 


425 


Clover Seed 




320 * 


1,790 


Grass Seed 




2,2)0 * 


3,.585 


Tobacco 


2 


1 ,300 t 


130 


Potatoes 


1,094 


109,400 * 


38,290 


Vegetables 


1,570 




80,965 



I $2,106,800 



LIVE STUCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBEK 


VALUE 


Cattle 


23,750 


$ 615,125 


Horses 


11,203 


728,195 


Mules 


2,247 


1.57,290 


Asses and lenncts 


38 


3,420 


Sheep 


3, 179 


9,,535 


S w i n e 


23,.502 


235,020 


Chickens 


14.5,552' 




Turkeys 
Geese 


2,483 1 
l,.5.'-)7 f" 


109,680 


Ducks 


3,866 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2,830 


7,.500 


Honey 


194,333:: 
14,360:: 


11,790 


Wool 


2,395 


Milk 
Butter 


3.633.146 § \ 
707,594 X \ 


380,970 


EgKS 


916,813 II 


114,600 


Total 


1 


$2,375,520 



Pounds. 

Gallons. 



JASPER COUNTY. 



413 




Timber: — One-fourth 
timbered. Confined t o 
Spring river, Center creek 
and other less important 
streams. Consists of oak, 
elm, hickory, walnut, Cot- 
tonwood, hazel brush. 
Timber now found is prac- 
tically all second growth. 
Minerals: — Zinc, lead, 
limestone, clay, gravel, 
coal. One-fourth of the 
land is developed mineral 
land and is worth from 
$100 to $10,000 an acre. 
Another one-fourth is pros- 
pected sufficiently to de- 
termine mineral existence 
and may be bought at from 
$5 to $100. Mineral indications cover nearly all the county. There are many 
exceedingly large mines of zinc and lead and hundreds of small mines. Opera- 
tions are largely on leasing system, land owners receiving stated royalties upon 
outputs. Product is sold weekly at mines. Mineral is found in depths varying 
from surface to 275 feet. Fifty per cent of the zinc sold in recent years in the 
United States was produced in the Joplin district. Last year this district mar- 
keted about ten million dollars worth of product, seven million dollars worth 
coming from Jasper county. 

Land: — Aside from the piling of large mountains of gravel ore refuse upon 
comparatively small acreages, the mining does not detract from the agricultural 
value of the country. Much of the best mining is done upon some of the most 
productive land agriculturally. Jasper county is generally undulating of lay. 
It embraces 672 square miles, 430,080 acres, of which 270,236 acres are improved 
farm lands. There are 3,054 farms, average acreage, 112; aggregate valuation, 
$15,977,893. Soil is red limestone clay characteristic of Ozark border. The best 
farms may be bought for $50 to $60 an acre, many at $30 to $40. 

Fruit: — Strawberries are grown in vast quantities and are of especially 
large size and splendid flavor. Apples thrive in this soil and climate. 

Manufactories: — In connection with mining and smelters, white lead 
works, zinc oxide works, paint factories, foundries and machine shops. Corre- 
lating with wheat growth are the large flouring mills. In addition are wagon 
and carriage works, ice plants, planing mills, brick works, broom factories, 
breweries, cornice works, woolen mills, clothing factory, fruit canneries, fruit 
evaporators, plow factory, lime kilns, pottery plants. 

Transportation: — Five great railroad systems. Electric line interurban. 
Mines furnish road material ready for gravel roads at no cost except hauling. 
Miles of gravel roads, 250. 

Schools: — Permanent school fund. Joplin, Carthage, Webb City and Car- 
terville high schools. School districts, 121. Carthage Collegiate Institute and 
Webb City College. Several business colleges. 

Towns: — Joplin, Carthage, Webb City, Carterville, Sarcoxie, Jasper, Oron- 

ogo, Carl Junction, Alba, Neck 

City and Chitwood incorporated 

towns. 

Newspapers : — C a r t h a g e : 

Democrat, Press; Joplin Globe, 

Times, News-Herald; Webb City 

Register, Sentinel ; Carterville 

Journal ; Sarcoxie Record, 

Leader; Carl Junction World, 

Standard; Oronogo Index; Jas- 
per News. 




sarcoxie nurseries. 




M 



INING, manufacturing, dairying, horticulture and agriculture are 
all prominent in Jefferson county, just south of St. Louis. The 
largest plate glass manufacturing plant in the west is located 
at Crystal City. Extensive lead smelters are the life of Hercula- 
neum. At Kimmswick is an immense lime plant. Ninety per 
cent of Jefferson county's surface is indicative of mineral deposit. 
Zinc, lead, baryta, silica, pottery clay, tile clay and building stone are the min- 
eral products. Milk and butter are sent to St. Louis daily from all stations along 
the Iron Mountain railroad. Horticulture in this locality afford grapes, berries 
and other small fruits for St. Louis markets. There 
are 156,055 acres devoted to the raising of grain and 
vegetables. Jefferson county embraces 640 square miles 
of land, 409,600 acres, of which 2,596 farms include 
132.6 each on the average. Farm lands are estimated 
to aggregate $5,869,924, in accordance with present sell- 
ing price. There are approximately one hundred miles 
of gravel roads in the county. At De Soto, the Iron 
Mountain railroad maintains machine shops and a di- 
vision point office. A Railroad Young Men's Christian 
Association is prominently associated with railroad in- 
terests. The town is also the location of a school which 
educates young men for Catholic priesthood. 

Population: — White, 24,593; colored, 1,119; Amer- 
ican born, 23,407; foreign born, 2,305; total, 25,712. 
Farm homes owned 1,967; rented, 672; other homes 
owned, 1,133; rented, 1,427; total families, 5,199. Peo- 
ple are about equally divided as to religious faith be- 
tween Protestantism and Catholicism. 

Finance: — County tax 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 15 cents to $1.30, average 54 
cents; road and bridge tax 15 cents; total assessed valu- 
ation $6,157,680; assessed valuation 50 per cent of 
actual valuation. No county debt. No township debt. 
Timber: — White oak, black oak, post oak, hickory, 
walnut, traces of pine, black gum and cherry. 



JEFFERSON COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACKES 1 PRODUCT | 


VAI UE 


Corn 


39,739 


1,510,682 * 


* 566,2?n 


Wheat 


30,701 


614,020* 


362,2'^ 
367,0^^ 

O..00 

•^•fio 

40 
89.280 
55,7.30 


Oais 


3,652 


127,820 * 


Hay 


17,478 


30,585 t 


Forage 


2,260 


3,105 t 


Broom Corn 


7 


3,500 t 


Clover Seed 




600* 


Grass Seed 




50* 


Tobacco 


9 


6,390 t 


Potatoes 


1,860 


186,000 * 


Vegetables 


845 




Total 1 1 1 


$1,502,855 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


20,880 




$ 522,000 


Horses 


5,808 




348,4S0 


Mules 


2,545 




178,150 


Asses and Jennets 


51 




4,590 


Sheep 


4 ,63t; 




13,908 


Swine 


23,6!I4 




236,940 


Chickens 


148,8781 






Turkeys 
Geese 


1,919 ! 
2,504 ( 

2,847j 




80,655 


Ducks 






Swarms of Bees 


1,054 




2,684 


Honey 


35,133:: 
15,100:: 




4,392 


Wool 




2,517 


Milk 


3,302,440 § I 
413,215 t I 




311,285 


Butter 




Eggs 


897,330 II 




112,16.'> 


Total , 1 1 


$1,817,766 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Doz 


5n. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photo in lieading: City of DeSoto. 



414 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



415 



Minerals : — Southwestern 
portion of county is covered 
with mines, from Franliliu 
county to Ste. Genevieve 
county line. Lead and zinc 
are principal minerals. Lead- 
ing mines are the Plattin 
mines, Howe's, McCormick 
zinc mine, Frumet mines, 
and Valles mine, bordering 
St. Francois county. On the 
Mississippi river at Festus 
and Silica are the famous 
glass sand deposits. Cement 
rock is found near Kimms- 
wick. 

Land: — Generally high, 
rolling, much of it broken. 
There are large fertile bottoms 
adjoining the streams. The best 
of bottom land sells at $50 to $100 
an acre, dependent upon improve- 'VQ. 
ment and location with reference to 
towns. Medium land on flats and hill 
sides sell at $10 to $15; ridge land, $5 to 
$10. Best lands are in northwest and mid- 
dle northwest parts of county. In the 
southeast section are the most broken places. 
Best of wild lands sell as high as $20 an acre. 
Average wild land brings $10 to $15. No gov 
ernment land. 

Manufactories: — Lime kilns, smelters, wine presses, creameries, glass 
works, hub factories, saw, flouring and planing mills, corn shredders, brick yards. 

Mineral Springs: — Sulphur Springs and Kimmswick Springs are noted for 
their medicinal value. In addition to above, local health resorts are located 
at Big Bend on Big river and the Shut-In near Plattin creek. Some of the 
most picturesque scenery in Missouri is along the Mississippi river bluffs which 
rise oftentimes to an extreme of two hundred feet above the river. 

Towns: — De Soto, population 5,611, Iron Mountain division point and shop 
location; has marble works, planing mills, large flouring mills, hub factory, brick 
works, corn shredder. Festus, 1,256, brick factory, flouring mill, near by glass 
sand deposits. Hillsboro, county seat, 254. Crystal City, glass sand industry. 
Morse Mills, Cedar Hill, Byrnesville, House Springs, and Hematite. 

Newspapers: — Hillsboro Jefferson Democrat; DeSoto Press, DeSoto Republi- 
can; Festus News. 




'kikUU,. 




HEMATITE S.MELTEKS. 




m^-^"'.iiu,A::: v VnVnhim'!''iz 



JOHNSON is one of the great multi-interest counties of Missouri. State 
Normal School for the Second District of Missouri annually enrolls one 
thousand students at Warrensburg, county seat city; Pertle Springs is 
famous as a convention city and summer resort; white and grey sandstone 
quarries are of justly high repute; and second only to schools is the in- 
fluence of the ascending-rich agriculture acreage, basis for home and school and 
church and State. Lafayette county is on the north, lying between the Missouri 
river and Johnson, which is also second east of the Kansas-Missouri boundary. 
Coal mines operate mainly at Bristle Ridge, five miles south of Montserrat. Corn 
is the leading product in value, amounting to more than two million dollars an- 
nually. Cattle represent a total value to feeders of one and one-third millions; 
horses and mules a little in advance of cattle. Dairy- 
ing in small, individual way is becoming popular 
among farmers. Gravel road mileage is rapidly in- 
creasing to the appreciable aid of modern farm meth- 
ods. County area, 800 square miles, or 412,000 acres, 
of which 411,544 acres are improved farms. Number 
of farms 3,869, in average size 126.2 acres including 
cultivated, pasture, timber and character of land. Esti- 
mated aggregate value $15,074,166. 

Population: — White, 26,128; colored, 1,715; Amer- 
ican born, 27,232; foreign born, 611; total, 27,843. Farm 
homes owned, 2,409; rented, 1,375; other homes owned, 
1,353; rented, 998; total families, 6,135. 

Finance: — County tax: revenue 30 cents; road, 20 
cents; courthouse, to be satisfied this year, 10 cents on 
one hundred dollars; school tax 3 cents to $1.10, aver- 
age, 40 cents; total assessed valuation $11,158,779; as- 
sessed valuation per cent of actual valuation 40; no 
county debt; township debt, $65,000. 

Timber: — Forty per cent, along streams, originally; 
one-half cleared. Consisted of black oak, white oak, 
walnut, hickory and ash. Portable mills operate for 
local needs. Native hardwood lumber $20 a thousand 
feet. 

Minerals: — Coal, building stone and clay abund- 
ant. Coal mines at Knobnoster, Montserrat, Warrens- 
burg and Holden; total annual output 8,500 tons. 
Photos in heading: Scene in Pertle Siblings Pail;; Johnson Goiinty Courthouse; Missouri 
Pacific Depot, Warrenshiiry, 

416 



JOHNSON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACkES 1 PRODl^CT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


136,640 


6,422,080 * 


82,022,955 


Wheat 


52,7-16 


1,265,905* 


667,675 


Oats 


7,519 


325,570 * 


59,775 


Hay 


49,231 


83,695 t 


544,030 


Forage 


5,740 


7,655 t 


38,275 


Flax 


8,902 


35,608 * 


37,030 


Broom Corn 


137 


75,350 t 


3,o;o 


Clover Seed 




3,890 * 


23,290 


Grass Seed 




3,800 * 


5,280 


Tobacco 


25 


16'2.-0 t 


1,625 


Potatoes 


1,084 


151,760* 


53,115 


Vegetables 


1,240 




63,075 


Total 1 1 


$3,517,185 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


21,459 




SI ,347,420 


Horses 


15.341 




1,022,7;!5 


Mules 


4,648 




348,600 


Asses and Jennets 


206 




20,600 


Sheep 


11,0^9 




33,235 


Swine 


6.'),956 




659,560 


Chickens 


223.017"! 






Turkeys 
Geese 


9.690 1 
4,5;« ( 




304,830 


Ducks 


2,233 J 






Swarms of Bees 


2.812 




6,365 


Honey 


94,733 : 




11.840 


Wool 


43.1.50 : 




7,190 


Milk 
Butter 


3,364.75(1 § ( 
590,608 t f 




214,990 


Eggs 


1,263.320 II 




114,600 


Total 1 1 


$3,991,965 


* Bushels. \ Pounds. || Do 
t Tons. § Gallons. 


sen. 





JOHNSON COUNTY. 



417 




White and grey sand- 
stone quarried from 
two deposits at War- 
rensburg, Saws are 
operated; stone finds 
market i n Missouri 
and contiguous 
states. State Normal 
School and Johnson 
county courthouse at 
Warrensburg are 
monuments to its 
beauty and value. 
Stone is found 90 feet 
thick. Clays claimed 
to be fireproof are ex- 
tensively deposited 
near Montserrat. 

Land:— Four-fifths 
o f county i s uni- 
formly a rolling prai- 
rie, broken only by 
timber fringed creeks. 

One-fifth defines a rough ridge extending from Montserrat southwesterly to the 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad and another broken, precipitous strip near 
Pittsville. Seemingly in a chain northwest to southeast, a series of hills, slop- 
ing gradually upon all sides, take position in this section of Missouri. They are 
never closer than one mile, frequently ten miles apart and rise three hundred 
feet above valleys adjacent. They are called knobs, hence the name Knobnoster, 
applied to a leading town. Land prices are $30 to $40 the county over. By actual 
record of land sold in 1903, average price was $36.22 an acre, an increase of $9.35 
an acre over the year preceding. Average price of town lots $391. Two per cent 
of county, near Centerview brings $65 to $75. Soil of county produces corn, 
wheat, oats, potatoes, timothy, blue grass, clover. It is limestone loam, black, 
averaging in depth two feet, over clay. In rough regions land sells 
at $10 to $20. 

Manufactured Pkoducts: — Brick, flour, overalls, broom racks 
and finished stone. 

Transportation: — Missouri Pacific railroad, Kansas* City to St. 
Louis, 37.01; Frisco, 10.39; Missouri, Kansas & Texas, 39.68; Rock 
Island, 37; Pertle Springs branch, 2.25 miles taxed road. 

Schools :^State Normal School, main building erected 1871; 
courses in Kindergarten, Primary, Teaching, History, Physics, Chem- 
istry, Biology, Agriculture, Manual Training, Drawing, Latin, hotel, pertle 
Greek, French, German, Physical Culture, Music, Mathematics, Psychology and 
School Management. Enrollment: normal school term, 781; summer school, 487; 
total, 1,268. Last Legislature appropriated $50,000 for modern gymnasium. 
Science building erected 1895 cost $30,000. Holden, location of Catholic College 
for girls. Commercial College at Warrensburg. 

Towns: — Warrensburg, school town, county seat, farming. Stone quarries; 
$50,000 waterworks system; $50,000 courthouse; $45,000 electric plant; $10,000 
stone depot; three large flouiing mills are points of pride. Pertle Springs is 
mile and one-half away; Holden, second town commercially, supported by agri- 
cultural interests. Has creamery, flour mill, w^aterworks, electric lights; Knob- 
noster, coal mining, farming; Centerview, Chilhowee, Leeton, all centers of fine 
farming districts. 

Newspapers: — Warrensburg Journal-Democi'at, Standard Herald, Star; Hol- 
den Enterprise; Knobnoster Gem; Centerview Record; Chilhowee News; Leeton 
Times. 

Mo. — 27 




SPRINGS. 




KNOX is in northoast Missouri. It lios thiitv-tlvo miles south of Iowa, 
and is the soi-oud oouuty west of the Mississippi rivor. Fanuinj; anii 
live stook raisini; are the ohief imlustiial ai-tivities. Cattle and eorn 
exports agiirejiate more than two millioi\ dollars annually. Horses 
and nuUts are sold to extent of a niillion dollars a year: hoi;s bring 
half a n\illion, and timothy and blue grass aiigregate a surplus worth the same. 
County eontains h\0 square miles, or o2i>.400 aeres, of whieh 252,085 acres are 
eultivated. There are 2,i;io farms ineludin.n 1 ir> a;'res on an average, .\etual 
value of farm lands. $(>.t>7T.12 I. 

rorrr.vriox :^ — ^Vhite. lo.oOS: colored. 17i>; native born. i;>,0o;>: foreign horn. 
44l?: total. lo.471>. Farm homes owned. l.lUS; rented. 
444; other homes owned, fiol^: rented. ;;2t;: total fami- 
lies, 2,927. 

Finanok: — Comity tax. 45 eents: school tax. 20 
cents to $1.15: average. 4;>'-_. cetits; total assessed val- 
uation. $4,487,891: assessed valuation upon forty per 
cent basis: uo county debt; no township debt. 

TiiK L.vNu: — Fabins river tlows diagonally through 
the county from northwest to southeast. It is a many- 
forked stream, and has a large number of small trib\i- 
taries. Along these and Salt river, in the southwest 
corner, originally grew large trees of black oak, hick- 
ory, walnut, ash, linwood. maple, white oak and cotton- 
wood. Forty per cent of the county was thus tim- 
bered. Three-fourths of the trees have been removed. 
Portable saw mills make hardwood lumber enough for 
local demands. Walnut logs are yet a commercial as- 
set, being shipv^ed from Edina. Knox City, Hurdland, 
and Baring. Bottom lands adjoining the streams are 
generous of width, and soil is sandy, black loam. All 
lands set naturally in blue grass. Farms along streams, 
embracing both hill and bottom land, range in price 
from $20 to $40. according to improvement, and fur- 
ther depending upon whether little or much bottom 
land be inclmled. Overtlows are more frequent than 
along the Mississippi or Missouri rivers, but never are 
they seriously injurious. Long sloping hills, rarely 
reaching three hundred feet above the bottoms, often 



KNOX COUNTY'S IIWO CROP 




ACRKS 


»"ROl>l'CT 


V.\l.l'K 


Corn 


7r,S60 


3,Sit5.480 » 


fl,0l4,.^7.^ 


Wheat 


7SS 


U^.^50 » 


9,aso 


Oat:! 


T.W8 


5tXi,7\;5 * 


.W.180 


H;»v 


.^s..sn> 


«).0>S0 t 


44,^,l.^o 


Foray;e 


(i.inio 


r.ios t 


S.^..^'-'.^ 


Flax" 


V 


m* 


5(1 


Hrooin Corn 


42 


aLiKKU 


.■.8ti 


Clover Seed 




l.^» 


ItV 


Grass Seed 




54.850 * 


•,'o.:«to 


Tohafco 


18 


17,UX) t 


1.510 


IVtatoes 


(UO 


Tsi.rw * 


lit.i'40 


W'Seiables 


SOa 




36,78."^ 


IVnal 


j 


1 


1 $1,6.{4.14,-. 


LIVES 


rocK .4 


iND PROD 


JCTS 


KiNn 


1 ^ 


UMBKK 1 


V.\Ll'K 


Cattle 


1 


S4.14S 




$l,109,l)4.'> 


Horses 


1 


11,153 




ri.-i.jfo 


Mules 




e.A« 




Um.CxV. 


.■\sses and Jen 


nets 




49 




4.SHH1 


Sheep 






14,688 




44,(X>o 


Swine 






48,961 




4S!l,(iI0 


Chickens 






147,0061 
2,W9 [ 
4,13i) ,' 






Turkeys 
lieese 








lei.iw 


Ducks 






l.iWO 1 






Swarms of Be 


es 




S,f.l4 




.•>,(>i1.i 


Honev 






87,13.8 1 
48.1HX1 1 




I0,8!V 


Wool 








8,lHH1 


Milk 




l.t 


00,4<.Hi § 1 






Butter 




« 


94.:80 J \ 




IIO.TW 


KgRs 






839,IM0 II 




103.740 


Total 


i 


1 


R917,lt46 


* Bushels. 


t Poun 


ds. II Dor 


en. 


* Tons. 


§ Gallo 


ns. 





I'hotos ill lutttliiiii: Farm strnii 



FrCil H. i'ciijioiis. 
41S 



K\()X c()\'\'vy. 



4 1 U 



SCOTLAND 







\i<)\iu(i III': lall'-r. Hif/h'Hl, of t,h<;Hf; Ih al. K'liria, \iii.':\'. t'torri HoiiHi l''o(k of l''ablUH 

riv<:r. J{';t.wf;';n Hln-arnH aro paralN-liriK >ra';tH of uridulai iri^ j;rairi';, valu'id af. 

$:{0 to |r,0 an m-ri;. Hoi I Ih tilack vij-cciabl'; 

rnoiihJ, to a dopfh of thn;'! and ono-half ff;';l, 

ovo.r f.lay. Farm iniprov<!nionlH arf) hf;Kt, in 

Koiilh (cnirul and wfiHt, cont.ral portlonH of 

Knox cfjiinly. Katrri hornOH coHt.lnK $2,500 to 

$:{,r>00 ;u'; ffjiirid. 'Di'-rf! aro thirty or thirt,y- 

flvo Knox oouniy I'arrnH whl'-li contain a 

tboiiHand aftroK <!a';h. 

VVaoon KAf toi'./kh:- At, Kdina aro t.wo, 
on'; rriakinj< "MilUa-" wa«onH, tJio olhor ih<'. 
"H'^ofUdd." 'Ih'! formes rnakoH 1,000 a yoar. 
'J" wo KriHt, mi I Ik, a olgar and t.ohacf;o fact.ory, 
t,wo Haw nilllK, Hash and planing? mill, cold 
BtoraKe for poultry, grain olovator and a 
nurHcry, whi<;li HhipH Ht.ock Into adjoining 
Hlal'!H, an; a'lditional manijfaf,tori<;H of irn- 
jjorlancf;. 

'l'i£AN.si'oi'.iAT(r>.\: — MiloH of taxablf; rail- 
road : At':hiKon, Topfjka & Hania Fa, 17.75; 
Qulncy, Omaha & KanHaH City, 22.00. Itail- 
roadH pf;rniii f<Hi<i\n'^ cattle bought In. KanHan 
City to b'; jjillcd to Chicago; unloaded an 'I 
fattened in Knox county, and reloaded for 
C'hicago at the regular KannaH City-Chicago 
through rate. Dirt roadn are HUCf^f^HHfully 
dragged. 

Scho'h.h:— ^Jounty Hchool Hystem Ih headed with Edina High School, diploma 
from which admitn without examination to L'nlverKlty of MlKHourl. St. JoKCph'H 
College (Catholic), at Edlna haH one hundred Htudentn enrolled, with wnvent 
home for young women In connection. Oaklawn College, at Ilurdland, eKtab- 
linhed ]87fi, haw one hundred KtudentH. Literary and rnuHlc couthch are provided 
by both InHtitutlonH. Edina Hchool of iVIuHic enrollH forty pupllH in piano, organ, 
violin, mandolin, voice, French, eio'iution, and dramatic art. 

Hi';ji.n';.s: — ForcHi HpringH are of mineral value; undeveloped. There are 
many Hmall HpringH throughout the county. Stock Ih watered by th^jHC, by welln 
ranging in depth from twenty to thirty feet, and by pondn. The latter are giving 
way to windmill welln, in pace with modern farming. 

Tonv.vh: — Edina, county neat, largest town. Built around beautiful park; 
ban electric llgbtH, waterworkH, telephone connection with every corner of the 
county; JIurdland, Knox City, Newark, Novelty, LocuHthill, Colony, Kenwood, 
Uarlng are village farming centern. 

LivK Hiock: — TerhapH no county 
in the State HurpaHKCH Knox in matter 
of high bred cattle, horHCH and hogH. 
Percentage of low bred live Btock Is re- 
markably Hmall, renultlng from a move- 
ment some yearn ago to establish pure 
bred Htocks. Horse sale at Edina first 
Saturday in each month, is often at- 
tended by buyers from all over north 
Missouri and southern Iowa. 

OiiCsiAHhH: — Near Hurdland Is an 
S0-a/;re orchard, and others of less size. 

All frultH not tropical are grown. Applen, pears, peaches, apricots, and berries 
of all varieties excel. 

Pi;iiijcATJO.vs: — Edina lJerno';rat, Register, Sentinel; Hur'llan'J Times. 







FAK.M SCK.NK, KN'^X fOCW'iy. 




1 ACl.KDE COINTYS uxi-:; CRor 



I AORKS I PROPVCT j VALIK 



Corn 


40'.5<5T 1 


Wheat 


1S,21T 


Oats 


4.SSt> 


Hav 


31.dt» , 


Forage 


s.no : 


Flax^ 


8 


Broom Corn 


11 ' 


Clover Seea 




Grass Seed 




Tobiicco 


SO 


IVtaioes 


657 


Vegetables 


460 



Total 



Total 



Bushels. 
Tons. 



LACUEDE is in the "Land of the Big Ked Avn^le" Its 740 ssquare miles 
of land surface are located in the central v^J^rt of south Missouri, two 
hundred miles southwest of St. Louis, and chiefly uvmn a plateau of 
the O/.ark mountains. Apviles are its chief product. Many orchards 
number into hundi-eds of acres: the Frisco Oirhard Company has been 
euiijisied for moiv than a year in putting out what will be the largest apple or- 
chard in the world. It is to be five thousand acres, located northeast of Lebanon. 
ui>on the St. Louis & San Francisco railroad In the couitty are 4To.tUH"> acres, of 
which I0I.942 are cultivated. Farms number 2.t?14. including plow, orchard, and 
pasture land. 110.i> acres in average, aggreg^^ting a present market value of $2.- 
9S4.504. Besides apples, peaches, apricots, pears and berries, cattle, horses and 
mules, hogs and corn are exported. 

PovrLAT^o^■ : — "White, li>.150; colored. oti4: Ameri- 
can Iwrn. 16,147: foi-eign born. 37G: total, lt>,523. Farm 
homes owned. 1.S7S: rented. 7oo: other homes owned, 
oiH>: rented, 311: total. o.ooS. 

Timiver: — Originally all. except approximately 15.- 
OOt^ acres. Consisting of the various oaks, hickory, ash. 
cherry, cedar, and in the river and creek bottoms, ma- 
ple, black walnut, sycamore, mulberry, and elm. The 
bottom land timber was large growth, hut the plateau 
land more frequently grows the scrub variety. Even 
the 15.000 aci^es of prairie, scattered in small tracts 
throughout the southern half, have at some time or 
other supported a scrub oak growth. 

Iix>n, lead, zinc, kaolin, and limestone deposits are 
believed to exist, though mining has never been fol- 
lowed in Laclede county. 

L.vnd: — Located upon the top levels of the Ozark 
mountains, the genei-al elevation is approximately one 
thousand feet above the Mississippi river at St. Louis. 
The county includes some fine lying land, both in river 
bottoms and on plateau. There is, also, some rough land, 
fit for iv\sture or orchard. The roughest is along the 
Niaugua. the Grand Auglaise, Osage Fork of Gasconade, 
and the Gasconade rivers, bold, precipitous mountain 
bluffs bordering the river on one side and river bot- 
toms on the opposite side. Lebanon, the county seat, 
is located upon a small body of land nearly level. Its 
Photo ill hcxiiliiii/: Fruit foiiit of E. H. Cloiigh, Lftmnon. 

420 



l,»T„^rT*: 

144,AX1» 

SO.T.V. * 

2,675 + 

IS* 

ISo* 
21,0iX>: 

6j>,;oo «; 



$ s:o,9S5 

16.'>.5»0 
SS,4lX> 

l.VS.TTo 
1S,S75 

t.V 

8,1 S.^ 

;iS,=> 

t,'.>i>o 

•21.03O 

2S.130 



I * T91,6S.5 



LIVB STOCK AXD PRODCCrS 



KIND 


Nl'MKBK [ 


VALfK 


Cattle 


IT.STS 


$ 4;^l,j«. 


Horses 


6,66;> 


4lX»,140 


Mules 


l.TltS 


llO.ftV. 


Asses and lennc'.s 


SO 


7,vO^^ 


Sheep 


U\SS9 


.St. 170 


Swine 


55,^74 


255.740 


Chickens 


:5.S7tl 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


a,6Si' 

3,669,' 


69,(ttV 


Ducks 


1.563 




Swarms ot" Bees 


86$ 


i.ies 


Honev 


99,9SJJ 


s.ei.'i 


Wool 


.'SO.TOO { 


S.li'i 


Milk 
Butter 


l,S:ii.7S4§» 


IS6,K5 


Eggs 


45!:),340 II 


57,105 



$1, so; ,565 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dore:i. 



i:aci.ki)k county. 



421 




looallon in ono. of Uio 
rrfifjtKinl i)la1,f!auH which 
an; rar)i'lly bfjiiiK trans- 
forrrnMl into ajjplf! orch- 
ariJH. OrchartlH liOKiri- 
nin^ lo l)oar aro worUi 
$ir.O lo $200 per aero, 
whi<;li is alioiit $:'. a troo. 
One - tiiird ol' tlif; iin- 
provod landH oiilsido ol' 
orciiardH, (;an Ijo boiif^ht. 
al $10; anollnir ono- 
Ihird al. $15 to $20; ono- 
foiirth at. $25; romain- 
iriK ono-twrdftli at $:'.0 
to $40. A li:i.ir do/(;ii 
farmH adjoining liOlja- 
non are hold at $50 to 
$fiO. Sovon-twfiirths of 
the county is wild land, 
free live Block bincstcrn 
ran^e, whifth can bo 
bouj?ht at $2.50 to $10. 
One-half of this is own- 
ed by speculators and 
non - residents. Upland 
soil is a liKht colored clay over gravelly red fday. Uottorn land soil is brown clay 
alluvial. Soil and climate are the chief elements which make the section one of 
fruit. Laclede county, at the Paris Exposition, was awarded first prize for "The 
best disjday of Apples in the World." • 

Flour is the only manufactured product. 

Tka,\hi'oktatio.\: — Frisco main line, St. Louis to Springfield, is taxed upon 
30. o5 miles of roadbed. Gasconade, Niangua and Osage Fork of Gasconade are 
of great value in transportation of railroad ties and logs. 

Lebanon High School conforms to i'our years' study, meeting requirements of 
University of Missouri. 

Living water is had at dejjths from '.!,'> to 00 feet. Springs are of a frequency 
general to mountainous localities. 

Mi.NKHAi, Si'Hi.Nos: — At Lebanon is a well one thousand feet deep. The 
water is said to contain magnesium properties. It 
is without price. Among the remarkable forma- 
tions of nature are a saltpetre cave and a natural 
bridge seven miles west of Lebanon. 

FisiriiNG Axo Hij.NTixo: — The rivers offer all 
kinds of game fish, including bass, jacksalmon, 
crappie, i>erch, redhorse, buffalo and catfish. There 
are a few deer; wild turkeys are plentiful, and 
squirrels, quail, rabbits and foxes are abundant. 

Tow.Ns: — Lebanon, county seat, is the only 
town larger than the village. It is a fourth-class 
city, known as the home of the late Richard Parks 
Bland. A bronze monument to Congressman Bland 
stands in the court house yard. Lebanon is 50 
miles northeast of Springfield, on the Frisco rail- 
road. It has electric lights, waterworks, two flouring mills, and eight churches, 
including both Protestant and Catholic. 

Finance: — County tax, 51 cents; school tax, average 57 cents; total assessed 
valuation, $3,183,011; assessed valuation per cent of af;tual valuation 05; county 
debt, $55,000; no township debt. 

Nkwhi'ai'khs: — Lebanon Republican, Senlinel, Rustic; Conway liecord. 




A LA.NU OK AI'I'/.K OIU irAKDS. 




IN CITIZENSHIP; in agriculture; in schools; in coal, Lafayette is one of 
Missouri's first counties. It has always figured prominently in the history 
of the State; in agriculture it has been fertile; it is the seat of several 
leading institutions of learning; its coal output employs two thousand 
men and brings in a million dollars a year. Lafayette county is located 
upon the south bank of the Missouri river, thirty miles east of Kansas City. It 
contains G22 square miles, 398,080 acres, 326,718 acres of which are under culti- 
vation. There are 3,043 farms averaging 120.8 acres each, worth actually $16,- 
071,645. Corn, cattle, horses and mules, hay and wheat afford large agricultural 
income. In bee raising the county has a distinction. Confederate Home of Mis- 
souri is located at Higginsville. 

Population: — Families long established. Population one-fifth German and 
German descent, located at Concordia and Napoleon; some at Wellington and 
Higginsville. White, 28,002; colored, 3,677; American born, 29,337; foreign born, 
2,342; total, 31,679. Farm homes owned, 3,879; rented, 1,007; other homes 
owned, 1,733; rented, 1,672; total families, 8,291. 

Finance: — County tax, 75 cents on one hundred dollars; school tax from 10 
cents to $1.20; average, 40 cents; assessed valuation per cent of real valuation, 
40; assessed valuation, $11,628,755; county debt, $535,000; township debt, $255,700. 

Timber: — Timber primevally embraced a two-mile 
strip along the Missouri river and less wide strips 
along other streams — total area, 33 per cent. Species 
were black oak, burr oak, hackberry, walnut, hard and 
soft maples, locust, white oak, catalpa, red elm, white 
elm, coffee bean, box elder, alder, and hickory. Growth 
was large and heavy; 75 per cent cleared. Few porta- 
ble mills. 

Coal: — Annual output, 539,612 tons, second largest 
coal county in Missouri. Mines have been operated 
sixty years. Vein is eighteen inches to two feet in 
thickness, forty-five to one hundred and twenty feet 
from surface. Mines operated at Alma, Bates City, 
Concordia, Corder, Higginsville, Lexington, Mayview, 
Odessa, Waterloo, Waverly and Wellington. Operating 
mines, 54. At Waverly vein is four feet thick. 
Limestone is taken from bluffs for local consumption; 
not considered commercially important. 

Land: — Approximately fifteen sections of rich, 
black, sandy, alluvial lands along Missouri river, priced 
at $50 to $60. Subject to overflow, averaging once in 
seven years. Adjoining these are limestone bluffs, pre- 
cipitous, rising two hundred feet on the river side but 
sloping gradually into prairie level upon the south. 
Soil is limestone, black, fertile. Improvements splen- 
did. Finest farm house in Missouri is located here, at 
a cost of $50,000, two miles southeast of Lexington. 
Enjoying the Bath; Artillery Drill, Wentworth Military 
422 



LAFAYETTE COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACKES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


]:M,308 


5,-372,320 * 


^1,692,280 


Wheat 


4.S,!I4.S 


l,2-.'3.700* 


703,630 


Oats 


11.^)2 


325,148* 


84,,540 


Hay 


32,111 


56,195 t 


365,270 


Forage 


2,9fi0 


3,945 t 


19,725 


Flax 


86 


860* 


895 


Broom Corn 


29 


15,950 t 


440 


Clover Seed 




2.250 * 


12,375 


Grass Seed 




260* 


405 


Tobacco 


15 


13,5iJ0 t 


1,350 


Potatoes 


l.aoti 


175,840 * 


42,200 


Vegetables 


1,810 




76,320 


Totiil 1 1 


$2,999,4 30 


LIVE, STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


;^8,r4tj 




$1,259,245 


Horses 


12,981 




865,400 


Mules 


5,109 




8<S7,675 


Asses and Jennets 


9? 




97,700 


Sheep 


8,4G5 




28,215 


Swine 


77,801 




778,010 


Chickens 


248,429) 






Turkeys 
Geese 


4,747 ( 




188,625 


Ducks 


3,812 1 






Swarms of Bees 


2,903 




7,125 


Honey 


96,933:: 
32,450:: 




12,115 


Wool 




5,410 


Milk 


4,126,846 § ( 
.591,406 t( 




275,275 


Butter 




Eggs 


1,476,279 II 




184,535 


Total 1 1 


$4,001 ,3:^0 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do; 


en. 


t Tons. § G;illons. 





Photos 
Academy. 



in heading 



LAFAYETTE COUNTY. 



423 



Prices are $60 to $75 an acre. Balance of the county excepting two 

ridges, is prairie, ranging from undulating to a high, rolling surface. 

The prices of $60 and $75 limit most of it, though there 

are a few farms as low as $55 and some at 

Approaching Higginsville, one farm 

sold recently at 

and one 



rough 




farm near Lexington brought $105 an acre. Ridges which are located at 
Chapel Hill and Greenton are rocky and rough. Comparatively this land area is 
small. Farms are found at $20 to $30. One-third of the average farm in this 
section is too rough for advantageous cultivation. In majority of cases rock is 
sixty feet from surface. No surface rock. Top soil is loamy, one to four feet 
deep; in the bottoms endless. The representative farm is well stocked; farming 
done with modern machinery; land worth $65 an acre; two-story, six room 
house, large substantial barns, well-kept fencing, five-acre orchard. 

Furniture and Other Factory Products: — Furniture, flour, pressed brick, 
beer, tile, and cigars are made. There are four canning factories, and four 
creameries. 

Transportation: — Chicago & Alton, 36.70; Missouri Pacific, 42.83; same, 
Marshall & Boonville branch, 25.55; Higginsville Switch Co., 3.62 miles roadbed. 
Miles of telephone, 158.20. 

Schools: — Six high schools in six leading towns. Wentworth Military Acad- 
emy, established 23 years; military in- 
structor supplied by United States govern- 
ment; 125 students; twelve instructors; 
for boys. Central Female College; Meth- 
odist Episcopal church, South; 135 stu- 
dents; endowed; eighteen officers and 
teachers; organized 1869. Lexington Col- 
lege for Young Women; Baptist church; 
115 pupils; established 1855. At Concor- 
dia: St. Paul's College; German Lutheran 
church, 120 pupils; 90 boarding pupils. 
Odessa College, of Odessa; co-educational, 
non-sectarian. 

Newspapers: — Lexington I n t e 1 1 i - 
gencer. News; Odessa Ledger, Democrat; 
Higginsville Thalbotte, Leader, Jefferson- 
ian; Concordia Concordian; Waverly 
Watchman. $50,000 farm residence, lafayette county. 





i 'j. 




1 ff u. » 




]i i n in 


■it i !l ft 1 


ill 1 ^M '■ 




L-AWRENCB^ 




INER, farmer and tradesman direct the commerce of Lawrence 
county. Two of its first cities are devoted to mining lead and 
zinc. The farmer raises wheat, strawberries and small 
fruits as specialties, in addition to the more staple ci'ops of corn, 
hay and vegetables, and horses and cattle. Railroad interests 
are foremost at one point. Another town, besides being center 
to splendid horticultural and agricultural area, is the seat of a college. With 
reference to conditions relating higher, Lawrence county is especially noted for 
its Sunday Schools. First Sunday School south of Missouri river was here 
founded. County is now under complete organization, including 5,980 homes en- 
rolled in the work. It is situated 270 miles southwest of St. Louis and 185 miles 
miles south of Kansas City. It embraces 606 square miles, equal to 387,840 acres, 
of which 264,343 acres are in cultivation. There are 3,414 farms, averaging 
103.1 acres. Total actual valuation is $7,448,660. 

Population: — White, 31,379; colored, 283; American born, 30,586; foreign 
born, 1,076; total, 31,662. Farm homes owned, 2,261; rented, 1,085; other homes 
owned, 1,887; rented, 1,397; total families, 6,630. 

Finance:' — County tax, 30 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 40 cents to $1.30; total assessed 
valuation, $6,537,917; estimated one-third actual valua- 
tion; county debt, $33,000; township debt, $42,000. 

Timber: — Black oak, white oak, post oak, and 
black-jack are leading varieties, covering in small sec- 
ond gi'owth, one-third of county. The first amounts to 
one-half. Local demand for mining timbers has con- 
sumed the first growth timber. Hickory and walnut 
occur along streams. 

Minerals: — One of the important mineral counties 
of Missouri. Lead and zinc and silicates are mined. 
Southern half of the county is indicative of mineral 
deposit; one-seventh is developed. Districts center at 
Aurora and Stotts City. Outputs average approximately 
as follows: zinc, 11,959 tons; silicates, 2,364 tons; lead, 
460 tons annually. Fine limestone, sandstone and fire 
clay are found. 

Land: — Everywhere the county is suitable for 
farming. Best mines underlie good agricultural lands. 
Uplands are fertile, dark-colored clay loam, with gravel 
mixed in, red clay beneath. In central eastern portion 
and in a few other places where there are hills, stony 
land is found, but never too rough for cultivation. Bot- 
toms are sandy loam, rich in vegetable matter and very 
fertile. South half of county is table land, gently rolling. 

I'hotos in. )iiitdiiuj : Lawrence County Courthouse, Ml. Vniunt ; Pierce City Street 
Kcenc ; Vonarcudlional Church, Pierce City. 

424 



LAWKENCE COUNTY'S 1902 


CROP 


1 ACRES 1 FRODUCT j 


VALUE 


Corn 


59,709 


2,080,815*, 


S 658,290 


Wheat 


100,320 


1,906,080* 


1,048,345 


Oats 


15,758 


512,135 *, 


135,715 


Hav 


11,687 


18,695 t 


121,520 


Forage 


1,375 


1,835 t 


9,175 


Flax 


1,006 


4,021*1 


4,185 


Broom Corn 


8 


4,400 t' 


120 


Clover Seed 




845*1 


4,730 


Grass Seed 




725 *| 


1,160 


Tobacco 


30 


19,500 X\ 


1,950 


Potatoes 


959 


119,875*1 


41,9.55 


Vegetables 


1,510 


1 


66,395 


Total 1 1 1 


$2,093,540 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND i NUM15F.R 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 


19,086 




1? 572,580 


Horses 


9,534 




619,060 


Mules 


3,391 




237,370 


Asses and Jennets 


rz 




7,200 


Sheep 


4,081 




12,245 


Swine 


20,076 




260,760 


Chickens 


191,0811 






Turkeys 


5,469 1 
2,834 f 

4,i(;4j 




115,7.S0 


Geese 






Ducks 






Swarms of Bees 


2,28.5 




5, '120 


Honey 


7,167 X 




9,520 


Wool 


14,.540 X 




2,425 


Milk 


2,833,353 § ( 
584.349 X J 




168,245 


Butter 




Eggs 


893,760 II 




111,E45 


Total 1 1 


82,122,100 


* Hushels. t Pounds. || Dozen. | 


t Tons. S Gallons. 


1 



LAWRENCE COUNTY. 



425 




Northern part is prairie; and in the 
west approaching hilly. Pennsboro 
prairie upon the east side of Frisco 
railroad is productively unsurpassed. 
Best bottom lands are selling at $25 
to $35 an acre; best prairie and table 
lands at $25 to $40. Good farming 
and fruit growing lands are plentiful 
at $15 to $25 an acre. Ridge lands, 
under improvement, are variously 
valued at $10 to $15 an acre. 

Fruit aist> Fruit Lands: — All up- 
lands are adapted to fruit raising. 
Climate, soil and surface are favor- 
able to fruit. Subsoil is porous. 
Strawberries are largely grown in vi- 
cinities of Logan and Marionville. 
In the latter vicinity are 5,000 acres 
of commercial apple and peach orch- 
ards. An average shipment of ap- 
ples is 24,078 barrels annually, and 
thirty-one thousand crates of straw- 
berries for the year. There are sev- 
eral small nurseries. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills, planing mills, canning factories, saw mills, 
carding mill, distillery, creamery, brick plants, iron foundry, wagon factories, 
felloe factory, lime works. 

Transportation: — Main line and branch of Frisco, and White River Branch 
of Missouri Pacific give direct connection with St. Louis and Kansas City. There 
are twenty miles of fine gravel roads in the county. 

Springs: — Paris Springs, on Sac river, in northwest corner of county, and 
Spring River Head, near Marionville and Verona, are small local camping places. 
Water of former is claimed to be of mineral properties. 

TovPNs:^ — Aurora, mining town, population, 6,191; gravelled streets, electric 
lights and gas, waterworks. Pierce City, railroad town, 2,151; Marionville, 1,290, 
fruit center; Mt. Vernon, county seat, 1,206; Stotts City, mining, population 902; 
Miller, Verona. Bowres Mills, Friestatt, Lawrenceburg, Chesapeake, Paris Springs 
and Logan. 

Schools: — Aurora and Pierce City have school system headed by high 
schools, whose diplomas admit without examination to University of Missouri. 
One hundred school districts, each supplied with proper facilities. Marionville 
Collegiate Institute and an Industrial School for Boys are further educational 
institutions at Marionville. 

Lawrence County Sunday School Association: — Organized 1870, holds an- 
nual conventions; embraces 100 schools; 940 officers and teachers; 7,920 scholars 
(children of school age in county, 8,860) ; two whole municipal townships with ev- 
ery home, and sixty school districts with 
every member of each family connected. 
The famous Lawrence County Map shows 
every home in the county and its relation 
to the work. 

Newspapers:— Mt. Vernon Fountain 
and Journal, Record, Chieftain; Pierce 
City, Journal, Democrat; Aurora Adver- 
tiser-Herald, Argus; Stotts City Sun- apple packing, marionville, Lawrence 
beam; Marionville Free Press. county. 





GENERAL agriculture and pearl button manufacturing support Lewis 
county. Corn and wheat are raised; cucumbers are grown and 
pickled in immense quantities; tomatoes and other vegetables are 
preserved. Canton and LaGrange, located upon the Mississippi 
river, are important steamboat shipping points. They are also loca- 
tion of as many colleges. Western Lewis county is devoted to cattle and horse 
raising. County contains 510 square miles surface, 326,400 acres, of which 235,- 
437 acres are improved farms. These number 2,277, averaging 136 acres in ara- 
ble, pasture, timber and waste lands. Farm properties are estimated at $6,987,- 
420 actual value. 

Population: — White, 15,680; colored, 1,044; American born, 16,210; foreign 
born, 514; total, 16,724. Farm homes owned, 1,600; rented, 617; other homes 
owned, 891; rented, 657; total families, 3,765. 

Finance: — County tax, 45 cents; school tax, from 16 cents to $1.05; average, 
60 cents; total assessed valuation, $5,330,646; 40 per cent of actual valuation; 
no county debt; township debt, $30,000. 

Timber:' — Originally covered eastern one-third and land elsewhere adjacent 
streams, total amounting to one-half surface; consisted of oak, hickory, sugar 
tree, walnut, ash, maple, two-thirds of which have been 
cleared. Most people burn coal, which saves wood sup- 
ply. Half a dozen portable saw mills dot county. 
Sawed posts sell at 15 cents; cordwood, $3 to $4. 

Land: — One-half the county area is prairie land, 
covering western one-third and ridges alternating with 
streams running northwest to southeast in whatever 
other portions of county found. One-third of county is 
hill land and shading into bluff land; the balance is 
bottom land, the Mississippi bottom growing to three 
miles in width north of Canton, and likewise widening 
as one goes south from LaGrange. Extreme width of 
latter is nine miles. Prairie land averages $40 per 
acre; from $25 to $40, with an occasional well improved 
farm at $65. Best hill land averages the same; from 
$20 up to $100 within a mile of Canton and LaGrange. 
First bottom land brings $20 to $50; second bottom, 
which is higher elevation, $50 to $100, quantity of first 
being in excess of second. North Fabius, Middle Fabius 
and Wyaconda rivers have narrow bottoms. Probably 
5,000 acres of bluff land along Mississippi, which can 
be bought at $10 an acre. One-half of all the land in 
county may be had at $30. 

Manufactures: — At Canton are four button facto- 
ries, which make their product from mussel shells 
taken from the Mississippi river. Four hundred men 
are employed in pearl button mannfacture and in the 
ChvisHan Utnversity. Canton. 
426 



LEWIS COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


66,750 


2,603,250 * 


1 793,990 


Wheat 


6,800 


160,540 * 


96,325 


Oals 


7,753 


294,615* 


73,655 


Hay 


43,980 


65,965 t 


362,810 


Forage 


4,210 


4,910 t 


24,550 


Broom Corn 


G 


3,000 t 


85 


Clover Seed 




200* 


1,320 


Grass Seed 




2,350 * 


3,390 


Tobacco 


18 


17,100 % 


1,540 


Potatoes 


565 


67,560 * 


16,890 


Vegetables 


935 




30,4t;0 


Total 1 1 


$1,394,915 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Catt'e 


28,483 




* 925,697 


Horses 


9,681 




645,400 


Mules 


1,870 




140,250 


Asses and Jennets 


57 




5,700 


Sheep 


16,083 




48,2.-i0 


Swine 


:^7,821 




378,210 


Chickens 


139,4441 






Turkeys 
Creese 


4, .562 ; 

2,' 45 r 




137,680 


Ducks 


1.125) 






Swarms of Bees 


2,1.% 




4,4.30 


Honey 


71,000 1 
58,200 t 




8,875 


Wool 




9,700 


Milk 


2,034,886 § 1 






Butter 


357,616 1 \ 




126,365 


Eggs 


857,890 II 




107.235 


Total 1 1 


$2,537,792 


* Bushels. 1 Pounds. || Doz 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





I'liolo in licadinu 



LEWIS COUNTY. 



427 



exportation of mussel pearl used for 
nicknack ornamentation. A plan- 
ing mill employs fifty men; a flour- 
ing mill sends flour to England and 
Scotland as well as into various 
cities of America; two salting 





SHELBY CO f MARION 



NOT FAR FROM THE MISSISSIPPI. 



plants preserve pickles and tomato pulp; a canning factory and glass bottle goods 
factory uses large quantities of cucumbers; one car load of artesian well water 
is shipped weekly, and Canton also has a wholesale lumber yard. LaGrange has 
a large flouring mili, four button blank factories, and one finishing plant. 

Transportation: — St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern; Quincy, Omaha & 
Kansas City. Ten miles of pike roads out of Canton; drag system on dirt roads 
is highly successful. 

Schools and Colleges: — Christian University, Canton, founded 1851; Col- 
lege of Art and Science, Bible, Commercial College and Conservatory of Music; 
co-educational; LaGrange College, at LaGrange, established forty years; under 
supervision of Baptists; 100 students; co-educational; academic and music. 
There are four high schools: Canton, LaGrange, LaBelle, and Lyon, the latter 
being a co-operative high school supported by districts of Lyon township. There 
are eleven churches in Canton and seven in La Grange. 

Artesian Wells: — Two artesian wells are located at LaGrange, and one at 
Canton. Water is bottled and shipped from all. 

Towns: — Canton, 14 miles 
macadamized streets and al- 
leys; public ownership water- 
works, horse fire department, 
electric lights. Ferry crosses 
river. Manufacturing, ship- 
ping, and farming. LaGrange 
location of LaGrange College; 
electric lights, public owner- 
ship; boat shipping point; 
manufacturing and farming. 
LaBelle, Lewistown, Monti- 
cello, all farming centers; lat- 
ter is county seat. Poultry 
interests are of considerable 
importance to towns. 

Newspapers : — LaGrange 
Tribune, Indicator; LaBelle 
Star; Lewistown Leader; 
Monticello: Lewis County 
Journal; Canton News, Press, 
Christian Educator. a north Missouri apiary. 





LINCOLN lies upon the west bank of the Mississippi river, forty miles 
north of St. Louis. Leading commercial and industrial activities are 
builded upon agriculture, live stock and horticulture. It is one of 
Missouri's leading wheat producing counties and also exports corn to 
the extent of a million or more dollars annually. Cattle, horses and 
mules and hogs are among surplus products of every farm; Buchanan College, at 
Troy, county seat, is a felt influence; and a distinguishing feature upon the east 
side of the county is that of the club house, several of which have been erected. 
County acreage is 382,720, equal to 598 square miles; improved farms embrace 
2.52,984 acres of plow land. There are 2,7(53 farms, in 
average size, 92.9 acres. Valued at $7,726,050. 

Population: — ^ Estimated one-sixth German and 
German descent, mainly found in the south end of the 
county. White, 16,621; colored, 1,731; American born, 
17,685; foreign born, 667; total, 18,352. Farm homes 
owned, 1,982; rented, 798; other homes owned, 630; 
rented, 503; total, 3,913. 

Finance: — County tax, $1.07; school tax up to $1; 
average, 38 cents; total assessed valuation, $5,445,454, 
one-third of actual valuation; county debt, $184,000; no 
township debt. 

Coal: — Underlies ten thousand acres in vicinity of 
Hawk Point and Truxton. Fields have just been 
opened. Burlington railroad building switch. Hereto- 
fore local demands have been supplied; mineral, wagon 
hauled. Near Silex are vast deposits of white sand, 
suitable for glass manufacture. Portland cement ma- 
terials are found in abundance near Elsberry. Neither 
sand nor stone is utilized. 

Land: — Beginning on the east with the strip of 
bottom land bounded by limestone cliffs traced by the 
St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern railroad, the land 
therein is of two classes: upper, protected; and lower, 
unprotected. Land levee-protected in north end sells at 
$50 to $75 an acre, owing to improvements and loca- 
tion. Behind the levee, near Winfield, land brings $50 
to $60. In southeast section of the strip, low bottom 
I'lioto in hmdiiuj: In \\'(xl(rn Lincoln Voiintij. 

4:;s 



LINCOLN COUNTY'S 1902 CROP | 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


79,175 


3,562,965 * 


$1,086,705 


Wheat 


42,.'540 


1.042,150* 


625,310 


Oats 


16.330 


636,830 * 


159,210 


Hay 


19,880 


29,815 t 


223,615 


Forage 


1,100 


1,285 
1,000:: 


6,425 


Broom Corn 


2 


30 


Clover Seed 




150* 


1,000 


Crass Seed 




35* 


50 


Tobacco 


25 


23,750 X 


2,140 


Potatoes 


605 


75,875 * 


18,970 


Vegetables 


955 




6.^,365 


Total 1 1 


1 *2,I88,820 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER \ 


VALUE 


Cattle 


25,678 




$ 834,535 


Horses 


10,111 




674,065 


Mules 


1,752 




131,400 


Asses and Jennets 


56 




5,600 


Sheep 


10,827 




32,480 


Swine 


48,534 




485,340 


Chickens 


11)0,439 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


6,704 I 
6,370 f 




161,9,30 


Ducks 


2,03H J 






Swarms of Bees 


1,703 




3,805 


Honey 


56,767:; 
44,275 :: 




7,095 


Wool 




7,380 


Milk 
Butter 


2,434,268 § ( 
373,.S44 I \ 




150,185 


Eggs 


1,099,260 II 




137,405 


'total 1 1 


$2,631,220 


* Bushels. \ Pounds. || Do? 


en. 


t Tons. <i Gallons. 





LINCOLN COUNTY. 



429 



COUNTY 




ST. CHARLES 



land, subject to overflow, 
sells as low as $5 or $10, 
up to $30. Low portions of 
the middle townships are 
of similar value. This land 
often adjoins higher bot- 
tom worth $50 and $60. 
Soil in the bottom varies 
from a very sandy loam to 
a heavy black bottom soil, 
all exceedingly rich. West 
of this strip defined by a 
line north and south 
through New Hope, Brus- 
sels and a point three 
miles east of Moscow, lies 
a strip of hill land rising 
in places one hundred and 
fifty feet above the valleys 
and worth $40, $50 or $60 
an acre. Better portions 
are situated in the north- 
ern and southern one- 
thirds. Cuivre river and other stream valleys comprise choicest of the strip. 
Adjacent to this on the west for an average width of six miles is a rougher, less 
productive land, selling for $10 to $30, depending upon amount of creek bottom 
land embraced. West of this land gets gradually better, increasing in price to 
a range of $20 to $35. Land west of Troy brings as high as $40; that to the 
northward, $25, and Cuivre bottom land, $60, all being within a few miles of 
town. More desirable locations around Elsberry bring $40 to $60. In extreme 
northeast Lincoln county are a series of round-rising hills, three hundred to four 
hundred feet high, trending north and south, peculiarly valuable as fruit lands. 
Section is known as "Knob Lands." High rolling prairie occupies western one- 
third of county. All west of line from Louisville to Millwood and southwardly 
through Linn's Mill, is of this character, except frequent bluffs are found along 
creeks. Prairie sells at $30 to $40 an acre, except in extreme southwest, where 
it can be had at $15 to $30. Best improvements are in northeast, southeast, west 
central and southwest sections. Two-thirds land grew oak, ash, hickory, walnut, 
maple, elm, sycamore, ash, linden and hackberry. 

Flour: — Is the leading manufactured product. Mills at Troy, Winfield, 
Moscow and Silex. 

Transportation:' — St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern, 21 miles roadbed; 
St. Louis & Hannibal, 33 miles; Burlington, 31 miles. 

Turnpike Roads: — Twenty-three miles, connecting Elsberry to New Hope; 
Auburn to Silex to Olney. Twelve miles of rock and gravel road extends south 
and southwest from Troy. 

Buchanan College: — At Troy; enrollment, 119; established 1894. Nonsec- 
tarian. 

Winfield is location of sulphur spring 
spring; undeveloped. Club houses along 
sloughs and lakes fringing the Missis- 
sippi river, owned largely by St. Louis 
sportsmen. 

Towns: — Troy, Elsberry, Winfield, 
Silex, Moscow, Truxton, Foley, Olney, 
Whiteside and New Hope; all supported 
by agriculture. 

Newspapers : — Troy Free - Press ; 
Silex Index; Elsberry Democrat. of good breeding. 



Whiteside location of lithia water 





ARMING and stockraising, rail- 
roading and manufacturing are 
the activities employing Linn's 
population. The county is lo- 
cated in northern Missouri, 
twenty miles north of the Missouri river, half-way between St. Joseph and Han- 
nibal. Cattle and corn surpluses add three millions; horses and mules contri- 
bute a million and two railroad division points account for a million dollars 
annually to Linn county. In square miles there are 620, or 396,800 acres, 304,- 
720 acres of which are improved farms. There are 2,925 farms, embracing 134.5 
acres each of land utilized for grain, pasture and feed-lot purposes; value, 
$9,297,810. 

Population: — White, 24,717; colored, 786; Amer- 
ican born, 24,455; foreign born, 1,048; total, 25,503. 
Farm homes owned, 2,211; rented, 644; other homes 
owned, 1,600; rented, 1,309; total families, 5,764. 

Finance: — County tax 32 cents on $100 valuation; 
school tax average 50 cents; total assessed valuation 
$7,005,000; one-third of real valuation. No county debt; 
no township debt. 

Mining: — Eight coal shafts operating; 307 men 
employed; 79,221 tons annual output, worth $139,440. 
Veins 26 to thirty inches thick, 130 to 210 feet deep; 
mines located near Brookfield, Marceline, Bucklin and 
Ste. Catharine. 

Tijiher: — Once covered sixty per cent of surface, 
being the eastern one-half and ten per cent along 
streams of other portions. Embraced white, burr, 
black, red and pin oak, ash, sycamore, hickory, walnut 
and elm. Two-thirds removed. Portable saw mills 
in every township. Walnut logs have in past made 
an industry, and are yet exported from Purdin, Brown- 
ing and Brookfield; likewise white oak railroad ties. 
Hickory cord wood is shipped to Omaha for meat cur- 
ing. 

Land: — Western one-half of Linn county is a roll- 
ing prairie with occasional small streams. It is sel- 
dom flat except in creek bottoms. Eastern half em- 
braces strips of a billowy sort of prairie, though this 
Hereford C'aUlc; Ihii; Rale Fdctory, TAnncus. 
430 



LINN COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


83,C86 


3,765.870 * 


$ 1,148.590 


Wheat 


3,630 


88,120 * 


52,270 


Oats 


5,266 


173,780 * 


43,445 


Hay 


77,000 


115,495 t 


635,225 


Forage 


4,930 


5,750 t 


28.750 


Flax 


IM 


10* 


10 


Broom Corn 


3 


1,500 J 


40 


Clover Seed 




.50* 


330 


Grass Seed 




33,000 * 


30,800 


Tobacco 


16 


15,200 X 


1,.370 


Potatoes 


780 


97,750 -■* 


24,440 


Vegetables 


1,030 




50,505 


Total 1 1 


1 l; 2,015,775 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


.')4,254 




$ 1.763,2.55 


Horses 


12,710 




847,335 


Mules 


1,725 




129,375 


Asses and Jennets 


45 




4.500 


Sheep 


14,840 




44,.530 


Swine 


.39,974 




399,740 


Chickens 


166,0761 






Turkeys 


5,165 i 




147 285 


Geese 


6,689 ( 






Ducks 


2,.536 \ 






Swarms of Bees 


3,12.^ 




9,140 


Honey 


104,167 1 
67,070 \ 




i3,o:o 


Wool 




11,180 


Milk 


3,143.211 §( 




217,730 


Butter 


59-.,412 1 S 




Eggs 


956,570 II 




IIT.OT'^ 


Total 1 1 


$3,704,150 


* Bushels. X Pounds. || Doz 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photos in heading 



LINN COUNTY. 



431 



SULLIVAN 




part is mostly hill land, once 
covered with timber and con- 
tains infrequent bluffs and 
ravines. Blue grass is indige- 
nous. Best prairie land sells at 
$50 to $65, with good farms at 
$40. One-half of this land brings 
$50. Eastern half sells at $20 to 
$45, a few farms reaching $50. 
One-half of this sells at $30. 
Around Brookfield land is in in- 
crease of price over the same 
land less favored in location 
with reference to market. Hill 
land reaches $90 in rare in- 
stances. Bottoms along Yellow, 
Locust, Parsons, Turkey and 
East Yellow creeks are from a 
quarter of a mile to two miles 
wide. Farms bring $20 for first 
or low bottom subject to over- 
flow, up to $50 for that more ele- 
vated. Soil is black, alluvial. 
Prairie soil is black, vegetable mould, 
grass, vegelables, corn, oats, rye. 

Manufactoriks : — Hay stacker manufacturing companies at Linneus and 
Browning; pressed and vitrified brick yards, iron casting works, cigar factory 
at Brookfield; railroad shops at Brookfield and Marceline. 

Transportatiox:' — Railroad interests cover four roads, two of which, the 
Burlington and the Santa Fe, have shops and division points within the county; 
former at Brookfield and latter at Marceline. Other roads are Wabash, St. Louis 
to Omaha, and Chicago, Burlington & Kansas City, from Carrollton, Missouri, 
to Burlington, Iowa. Dirt roads are well graded and dragged; steel bridges 104. 

High Schools: — Brookfield, Linneus and Marceline. 

Towns: — Brookfield: Population, 5,484; railroad, farming, mining; sew- 
erage, waterworks, electric lights, gas, fire department; business streets vitri- 
fied brick. Marceline: Population, 2,638; railroad, farming, mining; electric 
lights, waterworks. Railroad salaries in both towns amount to $80,000 monthly. 
Each town is location of railroad shops, division offices and the home of train- 
men. Linneus is county seat; electric lights; Meadville, Bucklin, Laclede, Brown- 
ing, Purdin and Ste. Catherine are vigorous, healthful farming centers. 

Further Information: — For further information address Secretary Commer- 
cial Club, Brookfield. 

Newspapers: — Brookfield Gazette, Budget, Argus; Marceline Mirror; Laclede 
Blade; Meadville Messenger; Bucklin Herald; Browning Leader-Record; Lin- 
neus News; Linneus Bulletin. 



ten to thirty inches deep, favorable to 




MILKING TIME. 



L.1VINGSTON 




L 



LIVINGSTON COUNTV^S 1902 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tens. 



IVINGSTON is one of Missouri's first counties by virtue of four fore- 
most causes: agriculturally it is among the leading; it is a center 
of livestock; intersection of three main line railroads one of which 
maintains a division point at Chillicothe; location of Chillicothe Nor- 
mal School. County is situated sixty miles due east of St. Joseph. 
Five hundred and twenty square miles of land, equal to 332,800 acres, are 
embraced. Acreage under cultivation 246,638; number of farms, 2,752; average 
size 116.7 acres including lands of various characters; total estimated value 
$8,492,481. Hereford, Shorthorn and Galloway cattle herds are among the rich- 
est in, the State. Chillicothe is one of the largest mule and horse markets in 
Missoari. 

PopffTLATioN:. — Fifty Welsh families near Dawn. White, 21,507; colored, 
795; .Lanaericaa born, 21,463; foreign born, 839; total, 22,302. Farm homes owned, 
1,896;^ rented, 794; other homes owned, 1,289; rented, 958; total families, 4,937. 

Finance: — County tax 40 cents on one hundred 

dollars; school tax 10 cents to 90 cents, average, 40 
cents; total assessed valuation $7,904,549; assessed 
valuation per cent of real value, 30; no county debt; 
no township debt. 

Land: — Three classes of land are found: broad 
bottoms along Grand river and Medicine creek; high 
rolling prairie between east fork of Grand river and 
Medicine creek, running north from center of county, 
and across the county south of Grand river bottom; 
and rougher, hill .land, between forks of Grand river. 
Grand river bottom reaches three miles in width and 
Medicine creek bottom averages two miles wide. Se- 
rious overflows once x" seven years. Price $25 to $40; 
reaching $60 within ti^vee miles of Chillicothe. Soil 
black loam, less fertile in spots in southeast. Ridge 
land, rolling prairie, best of the county's offerings, em- 
bracing one-third the coun ty, $40 to $65. Altitude 970 
feet average. Soil deep above impervious clay. 
Rougher, hill land, between ^o^'^^^ of Grand river, and 
small strip south of Dawn, $2,.' to $45. Fine orchards 
and blue grass meadows air© eha. '-acteristic. Fine farm 
improvements; number of e\es.''^^ country homes. 
AVheat adaptable to all lamis. Blue S^ass native. Farm 
yields for last year are as follows: ^V,*''*'^ ^^'^"^^ *" ^°^^' 
crop 5,000,000 bushels; 25.,mi in whwaf, 
bushels; 10.780 acres in rye;' grew 275, 44^ 
.1 h'cprCdCiiUitive Cattle Bant; Corrector, T. /- 





1 ACRES 


PIEOraCCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


8fi,709 


S,J6«.5.133 * 


81.160,815 


Wheat 


8, .500 


SI2,440 * 


123,1.50 


Oats 


4,4.56 


1178,240 * 


46,340 


Hay- 


46,568 


81,495 t 


407,475 


Forage 


4,08.T 


5,445 t 


27,226 


Broom Corn 


118 


64,900 t 


1,785 


Clover Seed 




410* 


2,255 


Grass Seed 




4,140* 


6,415 


Tobacco 


14 


12,600 t 


1,260 


Potatoes 


890 


] 12,375* 


26,970 


Vegetables 


835 


1 


50,975 



I igl, 8,53, 665 



LIVE STOC K AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


36,928 


§1,200,160 


Horses 


11. -,90 


772,665 


Mules 


1,727 


129,525 


Asses and Jeanets 


46 


4.600 


Sheep 


10,739 


35,795 


Swine 


.54,811 


518,110 


Chickens 


160,9981 




Turkeys 


2,755 ! 




Gee'je 


2,617,'" 


121,435 


Ducks 


2,055 j 




Swarms of Bees 


3.476 


8,205 


Honey 


115,867 t 
55,350 1 


14.485 


Wool 


9.225 


Milk 
Butter 


3,019,0a5 § ( 
595,,5ti2 X \ 


201,655 


Eggs 


916,110 II 


114,51/) 



$3,160,375 



Pounds. 
Gallons. 



II Dozen. 



Photos in heading 
ChUticotlte. 



aised 850.000 
bushels; 
tham. 



I'- 0. 



432 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 



433 




11,328 acres of oats, crop of 30 
bushels to acre; 46,550 acres in 
timothy hay, raised 98,490 tons 
of hay and five to fifteen busliels 
seed; one-half uncultivated lands 
are in blue grass. 

Poultry and Dairying: — • 
Poultry and eggs are large 
source of income. From Chilli- 
cothe alone there were shipped 
last year 652,372 pounds of poul- 
try; 125 car loads of eggs gath- 
ered from Livingston and sur- 
rounding counties; 2 00,000 
pounds of wool; one-half million 
pounds of hides and $20,000 
worth of raw furs gathered 
within radius of 100 miles; 60,- 
000 pounds tallow and 2,000 
pounds beeswax. Farmers are 
rapidly increasing dairying in- 
terests. 

Chillicothe is mule market 
center for buyers active over portions of Iowa, Missouri, Illinois and Nebraska. 

Railroads: — Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul division-end employs 300 men 
at Chillicothe. Mileage within county: Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, 31.08; 
Burlington, 23.62; Wabash, 25.61; Chicago, Burlington & Kansas City, 3.07. 

Schools: — Chillicothe High School approved by University of Missouri. 
Catholic church has schools for boys, for girls and a monastery; also hospital. 
Young Ladies' Academy is conducted by Sisters of St. Joseph; 200 pupils; seven 
teachers; literary, scientific, music, art and needle-work. St. Columbian Parish 
School has 125 boys and girls enrolled. Franciscan Monastery connected with 
church; three fathers. Hospital conducted by St. Mary sisters; cost $35,000; 
eleven trained nurses. One hundred families in St. Joseph's parish. State 
Industrial Home for Girls; 110 inmates, corresponds to Training School for 
Boys at Boonville. Maupin's Business College; 100 students. Chillicothe Nor- 
mal School; private educational institution; 746 students enrolled; nineteen in 
faculty; established 23 years. 

Water :^ — Chillicothe is supplied from driven wells alongside Grand river. At 
350 feet is found sulpho-saline water; Mooresville Mineral Spring; Roach lake 
and Dayton lake near Chillicothe are play grounds. 

Towns: — Chillicothe, county seat, railroad center; waterworks, gas, electric 
light; school town; live stock market; flouring mills; department store employ- 
ing fifty people; foundry; Chula, Wheeling, Utica, Mooresville, Dawn, farming 
centers. 

Newspapers: — Chillicothe Democrat, Constitution, Tribune, Crisis; Chula 
News of Chula; Wheeling Democrat; Utica Herald; Avalon Aurora. 




HORSES FRANK PLATTER, CHILLICOTHE. 



Mo. — 28 




ONE hundred and sixty-five miles south of Kansas City, in the extreme 
southwest corner of Missouri, is McDonald county, embracing 580 
square miles of land surface. Its 87,712 acres of improved lands are 
devoted to fruit and to grain. The balance of the county, 283,488 
acres, is timbered and unimproved. As a whole the county is moun- 
tainous. Number of farms, 2,066; average size, 90.3 acres; estimated actual val- 
uation, $2, 111, .536. Leading farm products are corn, horses, hogs, cattle, wheat, 
butter and milk, eggs, hay. 

PopuLATiox: — White, 13,560; colored, 14; American born, 13,474; foreign 
born, 100; total, 13,574. Farm homes owned, 1,446; rented, 599; other homes 
owned, 385; rented, 353: total families, 2,783. 

Finance: — County tax, 60 cents on one hundred dollars; school tax from 40 
cents to 81 cents; total assessed valuation, $2,213,516; assessed valuation per cent 
of actual valuation, 50, on improved lands; assessment based on $1.25 an acre 
for unimproved lands. 

Timber: — Consists of all varieties of oak; hickory, 
walnut, wild cherry, sycamore, maple, ash and locust. 
Formerly there was a small per cent of pine, but this 
has been removed. Saw mills are located at South- 
west City, Pineville, Lanagan, and Madge. There 
are many portable mills, making mine props and hard- 
wood lumber used in adjoining sections. Native lum- 
ber, $1. 

Coal: — One mine at McNatt; operations small. 
Tiff is plentiful, but not extensively utilized. Lead, 
zinc, and iron indications are found, but there are no 
mines. 

Land: Character and Price: — Surface of McDon- 
ald embraces all characters of land. One-fourth of the 
county, largely in the north one-half, is high, flat land, 
timbered with large growth trees. Four plots are prai- 
rie, being about equally divided among the four cor- 
ners of the county, embrace 38,000 acres. The balance 
is rough, broken land, precipitous along the streams, 
and river and creek bottoms, alluvial and fertile. The 
chief bottoms lie along Elk and Indian rivers, and Buf- 
falo and Sugar creeks. Southeast portion of the county 
is most rugged. The soil of prairies is a prairie loam, 
varying in color from mulatto to black. Improved 
farms here are worth $20 to $30, with a very few farms 
bordering towns bringing $40 to $50. Flatwoods soil is 



McDonald county's loo:. 


CROP 




ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


28,954 


1,013,390* 


1 319,220 


Wheat 


a4,!t85 


424,745 * 


23^,610 


Oats 


2,34Z 


58, .575 * 


15,520 


Hay 


7,811 


11,715 t 


82,005 


Forage 


895 


1,195 t 


5,975 


Flax 


7 


28* 


30 


Broom Corn 


20 


11,000 t 


315 


Clover Seed 




450* 


2,530 


Grass Seed 




40* 


65 


Cotton 


15 


4,500 1 
1^2,750 I 


315 


Tobacco 


35 


2,275 


Potatoes 


471 


37,680* 


13.190 


Vegetables 


635 




30,700 


Total 


1 1 


1 $705,740 


LIVE S 


TOCK AND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 


1 NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




9,697 




* 242,435 


Horses 




4,523 




•271,:W0 


Mules 




1,4.31 




93,015 


Asses and Jen 


nets 


71 




6,390 


.Sheep 




0,i)C8 




lO.'IOO 


.Swine 




23,.363 




233,630 


Chickens 




87,016 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 




2,644 ' 
2,374 ( 




42,925 


Ducks 




a,534 J 






Swarms of B< 


cs 


T87 




1,780 


Honey 




26,233:; 
19,880:: 




3,3«(» 


Wool 






.•!,315 


Milk 




1,418,138 § 1 




99,310 


Butter 




252,876 t f 




Kggs 




649,570 II 




81,195 


Total 


1 1 


$1,098,350 


* Bushels. 


t Pounds. II Do 


zen. 


t Tons. 


§ Gallons. 





Photo in heading 



Apples by the Aer<s. 
434 



McDonald county. 



435 



generally mulatto, though in some places it is of less fertile color. This is 
the ideal apple orchard land, worth $10 to $15. Bottom land, all of which is 
now in cultivation and improved with buildings, sells at $25 to $35. The 
rough, bluffy land is very largely unimproved. It sells at $2.50 to $4 an acre. 
It bears gravel. For fruit production it is first class. Eighty thousand acres 
of hill land in the county 
are owned by non-resident 
companies, which hold the 
property at $3 to $4 an 
acre, making effort to se- 
cure families for settle- 
ment. It is estimated that 
$5 per acre would con- 
vert this land into culti- 
vable shape. 

Manufactures : — 
Flour, lumber, railroad 
ties, mining timbers, logs 
constitute the manufac- 
tured products. Timber 
for railroad ties, mining 
timbers, and hardwood 
lumber is inexhaustible. It 
is found upon two hundred and fifty thousand acres. 

Trais-sportation : — Direct railroads to Kansas City, St. Louis, and the south- 
west. Kansas City Southern has 20.96 miles; Frisco, 2.20 miles of taxed track. 

Sunday Schools: — In this regard the county is unusual. Along railroads 
and in northern half, churches are easily accessible. Sunday Schools are organ- 
ized at each of these places. Elsewhere school houses are pressed into service. 

Schools: — Southwest Citj"^ has high schools. Pineville, Anderson, and Lana- 
gan, schools of more than one room. 

Springs: — Are numerous. Saratoga, Indian, Healing, Sulphur, Lanagan and 
Noel Springs claim laxative properties. 

Fish and Game: — Salmon, perch, suckers, and catfish are caught from small 
streams. Wild turkey shooting is a chief pastime for sportsmen, both local and 
non-resident. 

Towns: — Pineville, county seat; Southwest City, population 691; Tiff City, 
population 164; Indian Springs; Anderson; Lanagan, railroad point for county 
seat. All are supported by fruit and farming interests. 

Newspapers: — Pineville Democrat, Herald; Anderson Argus; Southwest City 
Republic; Rocky Comfort; McDonald County Guide. 





partial view of orchard at lanagan. 




M 



ACON is the greatest coal producing county of Missouri. It is in 

the St. Joseph-Hannibal latitude, and the third county west of 

the Mississippi river. There are seventeen mines, operating to 

the aggregate output of 1,198,133 tons a year. Schools are of the 

highest plane. Blees Military Academy, at Macon, is one of the 

foremost military schools in the west. Manufacturing is a large 

industrial element, to the end of the county's advance position. Agriculture and 

live stock add more than $6,000,000 annually to the gross income of the 4,233 

farms — $1,500 to every farmer for surplus produce in 

these two items. Exportations in cattle, corn and 

horses and mules overreach the million dollar mark 

every year. These three items last year amounted to 

$4,270,270. 

Population: — White, 31,438; colored, 1,580; Ameri- 
can born, 31,122; foreign born, 1,896; total, 33,018. 
Farm homes owned, 3,221; rented, 997; other homes 
owned, 1,547; rented, 1,620; total families, 7,385. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 10 cents to $1.50; 
average, 47 cents; total assessed valuation, $11,211,497; 
farm real estate is assessed on basis of 25 per cent of 
actual valuation; town real estate on 33 1-3 per cent 
basis. 

Timber: — Originally there stood a large area of 
timber, mostly in the western half of the county. It 
grew largest along the Chariton river and its many 
tributaries. Oaks, hickory, elm, and walnut were the 
most numerous. Considerable timber remains to-day, 
and is to be had at almost any price. 

Minerals:^ — Coal is the greatest mineral. Mines 
are located near Ardmore, Keota, Bevier, Lingo, and 
Macon. The same seam of mineral is worked through- 
out the county. It averages four feet in thickness, at a 
depth of eighty to one hundred and fifty feet. Nine- 
teen hundred men are employed in the mines. Clay 



MACON COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 




ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


103,410 


4.J46,555 * 


S 1,356,200 


Wheat 


5,850 


140,200* 


87,720 


Oats 


4,155 


141,200* 


35,300 


Hay 


7:>,030 


115,230 1 


576,150 


For:ige 


10,500 


12,250 t 


61,250 


Broom Corn 


75 


37,000 t 


1,020 


Clover Seed 




75* 


495 


Grass Seed 




2,7.50 * 


3,850 


Tobacco 


45 


40,850 t 


3.675 


Potatoes 


1,095 


130,430* 


.30,115 


Vegetables 


1,225 




59,325 


Total 






$ 2,215,100 


LIVE i 


STOCK 


AND PROI 


JUCTS 


KIND 


1 


NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 






48,518 




$ 1,576,835 


Horses 






15,869 




1,057,935 


Mules 






3,724 




279,300 


Asses iind Jei 


inets 




230 




23,000 


Sheep 






16,608 




49,825 


Swine 






42,206 




422.660 


Chickens 






223,979 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 






6,912 ', 
6,075 1 




171,465 


Ducks 






3,031 J 1 




Swarms of B 


ees 




5,590 


12,720 


Honey 






186,333 1 
63,700 t 


23,290 


Wool 






10,615 


Milk 




3, 


"65,304 § 1 1 


342,835 


Butter 






?49,608 1 f 1 


Eggs 






1,239,460 II 


154,930 


Total 


1 


1 


$ 4,025,410 


* Bushels. 


t Pou 


Ids. II Do 


zen. 


t Tons. 


§ Gall 


Dns. 





Photos in head in f) : 



Coal Mininn /Sccius, Macon County. 
4.36 



MACON COUNTY 



437 



/COUNTY 




for brick manufacture is 
used for building purposes 
witliin the county. Lime- 
stone is deposited along all 
the streams. Sand is avail- 
able along the Chariton 
river. 

Land: — In physical 
area the county contains 
820 square miles of land 
surface, 524,800 acres, of 
which 364,444 are in a 
state of cultivation. The 
actual farming value of 
land in the county is esti- 
mated in aggregate at $13,- 
586,963. This estimate does 
not consider the mineral 
value. Coal varying in 
thickness from three feet 
to four feet ten inches un- 
derlies the land and fore- 
stalls accurate attempt at 
general valuation estimate. 
Dealing with the purely 
agricultural value of the 
land, one-half of the coun- 
ty may be bought for $45 

an acre, and the balance, lying mainly along streams and bearing numerous 
small strips of second growth timber, at $27.50. Macon comes within the blue- 
grass belt. Blue grass takes all pastures. The eastern half of the county is of 
comparatively level lay, and the soil is the vegetable loam common to the level 
prairie of northeast Missouri. It grows all grains of the zone. Soil is of a uni- 
form depth, two to four feet, over clay. The western half of the county is roll- 
ing. Along the streams are frequent cliffs, confined to a perpendicular height of 
forty feet. Owing to the rolling character of the land, soil depth varies more 
than in the eastern half, ranging from six inches on hilltops to six feet on lesser 
altitude. Blue grass is native. 

Manufactures: — These are not numerous, though they are of comparatively 
large individual size. At Macon is a large wagon and carriage factory, a scissor 
manufacturing plant, products of which are sold throughout this section of 
States. There are also flouring mills of considerable capacity, cold storage plants, 
cigar factories, brick making establishments. 

Tr.\n SPORT ation: — Hannibal & St. Joseph; 
Wabash main line; Iowa & St. Louis; Atchison, 
Topeka & Santa Fe; Missouri & Louisiana 
short line. 

Towns: — Macon county seat, population 
4,068; supported by mining, manufacturing, 
school and farming interests. La Plata, popu- 
lation 1,345, a cattle and agricultural center, 
situated upon high prairie. Bevier, population 
1,808, mining and agriculture. Callao, 498; 
Ethel, 397; New Cambria, 325; Elmer, 236, 
and College Mound, 230, are supported mainly by agricultural and live stock 
interests. 

Newspapers : —Macon : Times-Democrat, Republican, Record; New Cambria 
Independent; La Plata Home Press, Republican; Bevier Appeal; Callao Herald; 
Atlanta News; Ethel Courier. 





MADISON COUNTY'S 190:^ CROP 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



INING of lead, 
nickel, cobalt, 
copper, granite, 
marble, and 
iron, consti- 
tutes the chief 
industrial interest of Madison county, seventy-miles due 
south of St. Louis. In the northern part of the county 
is located Mine La Motte, center of the district. This 
mine has been operated continuously for one hundred 
and thirty-two years and periodically for sixty-eight 
years prior to the commencement of its continuous oper- 
ation. It has yielded lead, nickel and cobalt in the main; 
it is now giving up copper in addition. Madison county embraces 492 square 
miles of land, equal to 314,880 acres. Second to min- 
ing in industrial importance is farming. Sixty-seven 
thousand, two hundred and twenty-five acres are under 
cultivation, the rest being timbered or mine properties. 
There are 1,163 farms, of an average size of 127 acres, 
of an estimated actual valuation of $1,968,770. Private 
dairying is increasing among the best farmers. Exports 
of milk and butter now amount to $67 a year for each 
farmer in the county. 

Population: — White, 9,732; colored, 243; Ameri- 
can born, 9,800; foreign born, 175; total, 9,975. Farm 
homes owned, 890; rented, 289; other homes owned, 
283; rented, 527; total families, 1,989. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 40 cents to 80 cents; 
average, 60 cents; assessed valuation, $2,261,571; as- 
sessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, 65; 
county debt, $4,800; no township debt. 

Timher: — Good timber is yet abundant. Hardwood 
lumber and railroad tie exports are considerable. 
White oak logs three feet in diameter find their way to 
the railroad. Fredericktown is a timber center. Along 
St. Francis river, in the western part, are large bodies 
of white oak in almost undisturbed state. White oak 
is the chief timber. Next to white oak in point of com- 
mercial value is pine, in southwestern corner of the 
county. Black oak, post oak, yellow oak, elm, sycamore 
and maple are other varieties. 

Photos in heading: Silrcr Dam, St. Francis River; La Motto District Lead Min- 
ing Scene; Plant American Lead Co.; Moulding Lead in Smelter. 

438 





1 ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


15,961 


606.518 * 


S 237,445 


Wheal 


10,218 


183,9;i4 * 


108,515 


Oats 


1.976 


43,470 * 


14,4S0 


Hay 


9,775 


14,6ti0 t 


131,940 


Forage 


1.005 


1,170 t 


5,850 


Broom Corn 


4 


2,000 t 


55 


Clover Seed 




190* 


1,045 


Cotton 


.3 


990 t 
17,7.50 J 


75 


Tobacco 


2.T 


1,T75 


Potatoes 


349 


31,410* 


15,075 


Vegetables 


500 




18,935 



$525,200 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


8,995 


$ 202,387 


Horses 


2,416 


144,060 


Mules 


1,060 


63,600 


Asses and Jennets 


17 


1,.530 


Sheep 


4,751 


14,2.53 


Swine 


l;i.'.)7I 


139,710 


Chickens 


30,027 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


'.m I 
a.822 f 


23,120 


Ducks 


994 J 




Swarins of Bees 


835 


1,541 


Honey 


27.83;i t 
15,824 l 


3,479 


Wool 


2,637 


Milk 


856,884 § ( 


07,790 


Butter 


174,467 t ( 


Eggs 


174,700 II 


21,840 



§686,8 47 



I Pounds. 
5) Gallons 



Dozen. 



MADISON COUNTY. 



439 



ST. FRANCOIS 




Minerals: — Signs of minerals exist 
all over the county. Centering around 
Mine La Motte, is a lead district of large 
output. This main mine, worked for gener- 
ations, has yielded, besides enormous quan- 
tities of lead, nickel and cobalt to an ex- 
tent claimed to be ninety per cent of the 
output of the United States. Granite and 
marble are quarried at a point twelve 
miles southwest of Fredericktown and in 
southeastern part of county. A superior 
quality of white building stone is depos- 
ited near Fredericktown. Kaolin and 
pottery clay are shipped from south 
county railroad points. 

Land: — Rolling and mostly timbered; 
sometimes very rough. Soil is gravelly 
clay loam, with porous subsoil. Often it 
is stone-bearing in uplands. Bottoms are 
alluvial and of unsurpassed fertility. 
Eight to ten miles from railroad timbered 
land may be bought at $1.25 to $3 an acre. 
Improved uplands are selling at $8 to $15; bottom lands, improved, $15 to $20. 
Best farming lands of county are found in north central portion, near Freder- 
icktown. There are 6,187 acres of government land, awaiting homestead, at 
$1.25 an acre. This entire acreage is rock-bearing and rugged, but sustains a 
heavy timber growth. 

Fruit:— The red clay lands with subsoil of porous, gravel-laden subsoil are 
admirably adapted to fruit growing. Apples, peaches, plums, pears, and berries 
of all kinds may be profitably grown. The industry is in its infancy. 

Manufactories : — Saw mills, 
flouring mills, granite and rock 
crushing mills, stave factories, wool 
carding mills, distillery, ice plant, 
and planing mill. These industries 
are of local dimension. 

Transportation: — Frisco main 
line, St. Louis to Memphis, and Bel- 
mont branch of Iron Mountain rail- 
road. 

Mineral Springs: — White Spring 
located eight miles south of Freder- 
icktown, has medicinal value and is 
a health resort. Some of the most 
entrancing scenery of the State is 
along the St. Francis river near Sil- 
vermine. 

Towns: — Fredericktown, coun- 
ty seat, population 1,577; shipping 
point for lumber, mines' output and 
farm produce. Marquand, saw mills 
and live stock. Mine La Motte, 
mining town and farming center. 

Water: — Big and Little St. Francis rivers, Castor river 
dant. 

Newspapers:- — Fredericktown Democrat-News; Fredericktown Tribune. 




^ly^fff 





COMPANY, attention! 

Springs are abun- 




MARIES COUNTY'S 1902 CROP. 

I ACHES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



FOR greatest usefulness Maries county relies upon its mineral, agricul- 
tural and horticultural resources, rich and varied. At the present 
time but 92,440 of its 329,600 acres ai'e in a state of improvement. 
The balance is enshrouded in a heavy, coarse fibered cloak of timber, 
forty per cent black oak, twenty per cent white oak, a like percentage 
of post oak, and the balance of scrub oak, walnut, sycamore, maple, hickory, ash 
and hackberry. This immense timber area represents, in itself, an important 
commercial asset, and its removal, together with consequent pasturing of the 
lands, will create blue grass pastures and promote live 
stock interests. Maries is situated twenty miles south 
of Jefferson City, capital of Missouri. Its surface is 
rough, in rare places mountainous, but the county is 
crossed by the Gasconade and Maries rivei'S and tribu- 
taries, which account for forty-eight thousand acres 
of river and creek bottoms, black soiled and fertile. 
Total value of farms is estimated at $2,235,660. Num- 
ber of farms is 1,619, embracing an average of 153.5 
acres, plow land and timbered. Last year there were 
$407 worth of cattle, horses and mules exported for each 
farmer in the county. 

Population: — White, 9,615; colored, 1; American 
born, 9,335; foreign born, 281; total, 9,616. Farm homes 
owned, 1,123; rented, 491; other homes owned, 117; 
rented. 111; to*al families, 1,842. German is the type 
of those foreign born. 

Finance: — County tax, 45 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax, average, 46 cents; total 
assessed valuation, $1,988,403; fifty per cent of actual 
value; no county nor township debt. 

Timbkh: — Main part of commercial timber is in the 
western half of county, where it has been little drawn 
upon. Railroad ties have been the leading timber pro- 
duct. Half a dozen portable saw mills provide rough 
board lumber for local demand. 

Minerals: — Lead, zinc, iron, copper, and limestone 
comprise the minerals. Wholly undeveloped. Fire 
In Au/wri ' 



Corn 


29,966 


898,980 * 


$ 265,200 


Wheat 


18,025 


21H,565 * 


119,110 


Oats 


3,5(J8 


103,325 * 


27,380 


Hay 


ll,lfi2 


16,745 t 


117,215 


Forage 


1,030 


l,!i85 t 


6,425 


Broom Corn 


7 


3,500 t 


95 


Clover Seed 




350* 


1,960 


Tobacco 


42 


29,400 t 


2,795 


Potatoes 


34(5 


.39,790 * 


12,735 


Vegetables 


335 




20,060 



$ 572,975 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KINU 




NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




12,.386 


S 309,f.50 


Horses 




3,921 


235,260 


Mules 




1,912 


114,720 


Asses anil J 


ennets 


52 


4,680 


Sheep 




7,422 


22,265 


Swine 




2,137 


211,370 


Chickens 




63,957 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 




1,2.57 i 
5,785 f 


35,670 


Ducks 




1,394 J 




Swarms of 


Bees 


369 


• ' 870 


Honey 




12,300 1 
23,949 J 


1,.540 


Wool ' 




3,990 


Milk 




916,400 § 1 
149,587 t I 


59,:W5 


Butter 




Eggs 




365,425 II 


45,680 



$ 1,045,060 



Pounds. 
Gallons. 



Dozen. 



I'hoto in hiudimj : 



Dominion. 
440 



MARIES COUNTY. 



441 




clays, gravel, and sand 
offer an industry, with rail- 
road facilities extended. 

Land: — Soils of all up- 
lands are of limestone ori- 
gin and have a generous 
admixture of small frag- 
ments of flint. Subsoil is a 
red clay, usually rich in 
most of the mineral ele- 
ments necessary to plant 
growth. Valley lands are 
extensive, prcpoi'tionately. 
The largest bottom areas 
are abutting the Gascon- 
ade river. Big Maries creek. 
Little Maries creek, Bour- 
beuse, Peavinjs, Dry Fork, 
Long, Cedar, Springs, Fly, 
Dry, and Tavern creeks. Eighty-five per cent of the county's 515 square miles of 
area is hill land, three-fifths of which, with timber removed, would be arable land. 
Government, land, 2,100 acres. Best lands of the county are in the eastern one- 
half and along the Gasconade river and Big Maries creek. Those in highest 
cultivation bring $20 to $30 an acre; unimproved, best, $3 to $10 an acre; rough, 
$1.25 to $3. Best upland farms, partially in cultivation, may be bought at $5 to 
$15 an acre. 

Fruit: — One-half of the land is adapted to fruit growing. Flint hills and 
level plateaus are excellent locations for apple and peach orchards, and are close 
to market. Strawberries and tomatoes in those sections close to railroad may be 
made a profitable industry. The soil is well filled with gravel and overlies a 
gravelly clay subsoil, insuring bottom drainage necessary to best fruit results. 

Manufacturb:s : — Flouring mills, wool carding mills, and hardwood saw 
mills are the manufacturing base. Farmers are individually engaged in making 
railroad ties during the months unfit for farming. 

Transportation:^ — Maries county is situated between the Rock Island and 
the St. Louis & San Francisco railroads, which parallel its north and south 
boundary lines. The first road passes through a small part of the northeastern 
corner, skirting the balance of the border. Gasconade river, third in size in Mis- 
souri, affords log and railroad tie transportation. 

Fishing: — Gasconade river and lesser streams afford fine bass, trout, goggle- 
eye and catfish angling. River is largely contributed to by springs which ooze 
from the mountain sides. Scenery is picturesque and many fishing parties spend 
summer vacations along the streams. Deer are scarce; wild turkeys, quail and 
squirrels are plentiful. 

Towns: — Vienna, county seat; Belle, upon the Rock Island railroad, in 
northeast corner of county; Summerfield; Richey; Brinktown, and Paydown. 

Newspapers: — Vienna: Maries County Gazette, Times; Republican Star. 



V COUNTY 




A iMKssoiKI I'AH.M llO.Ml':. 



MARION 




A 



MARION COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 1 


VALUE 


Corn 


59,440 


•2,074,890* 


$ 815,8(0 


Wheat 


17,ti80 


38(1,120* 


S28,0:o 


Oais 


4,580 


174,080 * 


43,520 


Hay 


38,700 


48,890 t 


268,895 


Forage 


1,230 


1,435 t 


7,175 


Clover Seed 




400* 


2,610 


Gra^s Seed 




650* 


910 


Tobacco 


20 


19,000 t 


:,T10 


Potatoes 


555 


69.250 * 


17,315 


Vegetables 


565 




30,970 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


19,663 


? 639,045 


Horses 


8,560 


570,665 


Mules 


1,961 


147,075 


Asses and Jennets 


46 


4.600 


Sheep 


16,560 


49,680 


Swine 


31.683 


316,830 


Chickens 


128.4961 




Turkeys 
Geese 


5.234 1 
3 462 ( 


108,030 


Ducks 


1.387 J 




Swarms of Bees 


1.550 


3.650 


Honey 


51,867 :: 
60.100 :: 


r.,485 


Wool 


10,015 


Milk 


1,902,382 § / 


182,320 


Butter 


354.670 i (■ 


Eggs 


935,580 II 


116,945 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



: Pounds. 
Gallons. 



GRICULTURAL endowment, natural mineral resource and proximity 
to great markets account for Marion county being a felt force in 
northeast Missouri and surrounding territory. It is situated upon 
the Mississippi river ninety miles north of St. Louis. At its south- 
ern edge is Hannibal, seventh in size among Missouri's cities, and 
its northeast corner is straightway across the river 
from Quincy, Illinois. Marion is one of the largest 
lime and cement manufacturing counties of the State. 
The mineral is taken from the abundance of limestone 
forming the river bluffs. It is also the source of ma- 
terial for the making of rock roads, which contribute 
so much to modern farming methods largely in vogue 
in the county. Wholesale lumbering has long been a 
leading element of trade centering at Hannibal. These 
yards, receiving lumber by raft from both north and 
south timber districts, have thus been enabled to un- 
dersell market points less favored of transportation and 
have built up a large business west of the Mississippi 
river. Burlington railroad shops are located at Han- 
nibal, giving employment to large numbers of men and 
creating a market for farm produce. 

Population: — White, 22,974; colored, 3,357; Ameri- 
can born, 24,904; foreign born, 1,427; total, 26,331. 
Farm homes owned, 1,436; rented, 531; other homes 
owned, 2,013; rented, 2,240; total families, 6,220. The 
foreign population is German. 

Finance: — County tax: general revenue, 30 cents, 
county road, 10 cents; court house, 10 cents; special 
road, 15 cents; school tax, average, 35 cents on one 
hundred dollars. Total assessed valuation, $9,553,657; 
farm property is assessed upon a basis of one-third 



1,417,045 



I $2,155,340 



Dozen. 



Photos in hciiiVing: The Old ^y(l1cr Whrrl, Iti/ R. L. Dohcrti/: People's Mills; Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church, t!outh; Residence of Dr. Alonzo M'hile, I'ulmyru. 

442 



MARION COUNTY. 



443 



-h.,^ COUNTY "■ ri~ _ 




MONROE COUNTY 



actual valuation, and town 
property at 40 per cent basis. 
County debt, $100,000; town- 
ship debt, $125,000. 

Timber: — There were orig- 
inally 258,000 acres of timber- 
ed land. Species indigenous 
are: Elm, white oak, hickory, 
cherry, walnut and hackberry. 
Sixty-eight thousand acres yet 
bear timber, generally of small 
second growth, along the Mis- 
sissippi river bluffs and the 
broken land along other 
streams. A few portable saw 
mills supply rough plank lum- 
ber for local demand. 

Minerals : — The Mis- 
sissippi river bluffs are of lime- 
stone formation. Percentages 

of composition vary. Stone found affords the different mineral substances neces- 
sary to Portland cement manufacture, besides in all cases being adaptable to 
lime making. Hannibal cement works are classed among the foremost in the 
United States. Lime kilns are also of extensive proportions. 

Land:— County area, 420 square miles, 268,800 acres, of which 199,145 acres 
are in a high state of cultivation. Number of farms, 2,022, of an average size of 
132.4 acres; estimated to be worth in aggregate, according to actual selling price, 
$7,992,166. Along the Mississippi river the land is broken, but back thereof are 
rolling lands, part prairie and part cleared timber lands. There are twenty-five 
to thirty thousand acres of Mississippi river bottom, alluvial soil, and inex- 
haustible depth. Some of this land occasionally overflows. Twelve thousand 
acres are protected by levee. Westward are the bluffs, yielding much mineral 
and also adapted to fruit growing. Uplands west of bluffs embrace four-fifths 
of the county. Soil is a dark clay loam. Prices are as follows: Bottom lands, 
average, $25 an acre; twenty thousand acres of elm land, average, $80 an acre; 
thirty thousand acres of creek land, $40 to $50 an acre; fifty thousand acres of 
white oak land, $30 to $35. Prairie, $25 to $30 an acre. 

Manufactories: — Practically all located at Hannibal. Include the mineral 
working plant, railroad shops, and 
many factories of less extent. 

Transportation: — Hannibal & St. 
Joseph system operates three divisions 
within the county, and the Quincy, 
Omaha & Kansas City comes into the 
county at the north line, crossing the 
river to Quincy. There are 100 miles 
of gravel wagon roads in the county. 
This mileage is rapidly extending, ow- 
ing to the availability of limestone 
material. It is constructed at a cost of 
only $800 a mile. 

High Schools: — Hannibal and Pal- 
myra each have high schools, work of 
the former being approved by the State 
University. 

Towns: — Hannibal, population, 12,- 
780; manufacturing, railroad, and distributing center for lumber. Palmyra, 
county seat, population 2,323, agriculture and live stock. Philadelphia, 211. 

Newspapers: — Hannibal: Journal, Courier-Post; Palmyra Spectator, Pal- 
myra Herald. 




AT THE SITE OF OLD MARIO.N CITY. 




MERCER COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



nERCBR is fiftJi in position of the nine Missouri counties which 
l^order Iowa. Cattle are the largest source of income. Leading 
herds of stock cattle are Hereford, and Durham. Princeton, 
county seat, is headquarters of the Missouri Pure-bred Breeders' 
Association, and hence a live stock center. Corn is grown in vast 
quantities, export therein reaching close to the million mark in 
dollars. One variety grown was awarded a first premium at Chicago in 1893. 
Horticulture is successful. There are two orchards of two hundred acres each, 
and many smaller. Limestone is a natural resource now developing into activity. 
Quarries are opened along Grand river, south of Princeton, and the Rock Island 
railroad has recently established there a rock crusher, 
giving employment to three hundred men. In matter 
of telephones, the county is in front rank. A net-work 
of 537 miles of wire penetrate the four corners; 752 in- 
struments. County contains 484 square miles of land, 
309,760 acres, of which 235,774 acres are improved 
farms. Number of farms, 2,507; average size, 116.4; 
total estimated valuation, $7,714,917. 

Population: — White, 14,648; colored, 58; Ameri- 
can born, 14,606; foreign born, 100; total, 14,706. Farm 
homes owned, 1,790; rented, 306; total families, 3,143. 

Finance: — County tax, 32 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 42 cents on one hundred dollars; assessed valua- 
tion per cent of real value, 25; total assessed valuation, 
$5,014,485; no county debt; no township debt. 

Timbkr: — One-third of county surface was ofigi- 
nally timbered with oak, hickory, ash, elm, walnut, 
hackberry; seven-tenths of this has been removed. It 
occurred principally along streams. 

Minerals: — White limestone and coal. Quarries 
of former are just now attracting first operators. At 
Princeton a thirty-inch vein of coal is found at a depth 
of 340 feet. No mines. 

Land:. — In general direction, numerous streams, 
Grand river as chief, flow southward through the 
county. Between these water courses are prairie 





ACKES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


66,124 


2,644,960 * 


1 833,160 


Wheat 


1,674 


28,460 * 


16,305 


Oats 


5,206 


130,150 * 


33,840 


Hay 


48,192 


67,470 t 


303,615 


Forage 


10,444 


13,920 t 


<i9,600 


Flax 


9 


90* 


95 


Broom Corn 


4 


2,200 t 


60 


Clover Seed 




25* 


140 


Grass Seed 




0,900 * 


10,695 


Tobacco 


7 


6,a()0 1 


630 


Potatoes 


709 


85,080 * 


20,420 


Vegetables 


990 




42,305 



$1,:330,925 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



I NUMBER I VALUE 



45,918 
10,646 
1,359 
51 
5,325 
39,472 
200,74 n 
14,407 ! 
5,457 ! 
3,579 J 
2,666 
88,867 1 
22.150 I 
3,152,170 § 
505,915 X 
989,010 



,489,115 
709,735 
101.925 
5,100 
17,750 
394,720 

135,815 

8,010 
11,110 
3,690 

164,880 

123,625 



I $3,165,47 



: Pounds. 
i Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photos in heading: 



Mcrctr County Hvcnes, 
444 



MERCER COUNTY. 



445 



STATE OF IOWA 



ridges, uniformly so, except in the southwest 
corner where fifty square miles were orig- 
inally included in one vast forest. What 
rough land obtains is along streams; very 
little is untlllable; all is capable of blue grass 
pasture. Land the county over brings $40 to 
$55, reaching $65 within two miles of Prince- 
ton. The little rough land brings $25 an 
acre. Grand river bottoms are generally one- 
half to a mile in width, in most places gently 
sloping upward into hills reaching an ex- 
treme of two hundred feet above their val- 
leys. Largest farms in county are about 600 
acres; the smallest, 40 acres. Average farm 
house is erected at a cost of $600; many 
houses cost $1,500 to $3,000. Soil is black 
loam with clay subsoil. On the prairies it 
ranges in depth from one to three feet; in 
river and creek bottoms it is often six feet 
deep. 

Manufactured Products:- — Flour, crush- 
ed rock railroad ballast and cheese are prin- 
cipal mill products. Cheese factories are located at Ravanna and Saline; rock 
crusher at Princeton; flouring mills at Princeton and Mercer, and at the latter 
town is a small woolen mill. 

Transportation: — Two railroads: Rock Island, 24.69; Chicago, Burlington 
& Quincy, 8.87 miles of taxed roadbed. County roads cross main streams over 
steel bridges. Roads are dragged. 

Schools:— Terms of public schools range from seven to nine months. At 
Princeton is located a well equipped high school, with laboratories and libraries. 
It is approved by the University of Missouri. 

Drinking water is limestone seepage. Wells are generally twenty to thirty- 
five feet deep on prairie; ten to fifteen in bottoms. 

At Lineville, situated, as its name indicates, upon the Iowa-Missouri line, 
is a mineral spring of some prominence. 

Towns: — Princeton, county seat, owns waterworks and electric lights. Tele- 
phone center of a large area of county. Mercer, Mill Grove, Ravanna, Modena, 
Half Rock; all supported by farming and live stock. 

Newspapers:— Princeton Press, Post, Telegram. 





BEBBIES, H. E. WYMAN & SON. 




MILLER is situated twenty miles southwest of Jefferson City. As a 
unit the county is mountainous, but includes in the northwestern 
part an area of tablelands which, together with river bottoms, 
are location of valuable farms embracing a total of 116,683 acres 
in cultivation. Timber Interests are accredited with the largest 
single item of export. More railroad ties are loaded at Bagnell, 
Miller county, than at any other point in Missouri. Large numbers of ties are 
hauled by wagon to this central market; large numbers come in "drives" down 
the Osage river from far off points. Extensive pockets of coal are found in 
Miller. The field has been opened by the Rock Island railroad recently completed 
between St. Louis and Kansas City. At Aurora Springs lithia water exists. 
Schools are a feature favorable to immigration. Academies are located at Olean, 
Iberia, and Spring Garden. 

Population: — White, 14,995; colored, 192; Ameri- 
can born, 14,958; foreign born, 229; total, 15,187. Farm 
homes owned, 1,700; rented, 587; other homes owned, 
339; rented, 373; total families, 2,999. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax, average, 44 cents; total 
assessed valuation, $2,683,415; one-half actual value; 
no county nor township debt. 

Timber: — Originally one vast forest. Sixty -five per 
cent now timbered. Largest year's shipment of rail- 
road ties, 900,000. Hardwood lumber amounts to above 
nominal aggregate. Black oak represents twenty per 
cent; white oak of commercial size, five per cent; black 
jack, thirty-five per cent; post oak, thirty per cent. 
Hickory is next abundant, and sycamore, elm, maple, 
and walnut are prominent. 

Minerals: — Lead, zinc, coal, iron, glass sand, kao- 
lin, baryta, copper and building stone. Townships of 
Franklin, Jim Henry, Glaze, Saline and Osage are par- 
tially developed. Lead and zinc are found in each. 
Franklin yields mostly lead and coal, but some zinc; 
while signs of iron are all over the county, the mining 
of this mineral is done only in central eastern part. 
Glass sand of a good grade is found near Eldon, in the 
northwest. Kaolin occurs eight miles from Eldon and 
in other less extensive deposits. Baryta is found 



MILLER COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRE.S 1 PRODUCT 


value; 


Corn 


36.627 


1,208.690 * 


$ 356,565 


Wheat 


19,^55 


358,070 * 


196.940 


Oats 


4,179 


135,820* 


35,990 


Hay 


1.5,62(; 


23,440 t 


140,810 


Forage 


1.005 


1,255 t 


6,275 


Flax 


10 


00* 


60 


Broom Corn 


6 


3,000 1 
2.30 t 


85 


Clover Seed 




1,290 


Grass Seed 




55* 


100 


Tobacco 


35 


24,500 t 


2,.330 


Potatoes 


470 


47,000 * 


15.040 


Vegetables 


615 




30,105 


Total 1 1 


1 $785,420 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


16,728 




% 451,655 


Horses 


5,465 




327,900 


Mules 


1,4.32 




93,080 


Asses and Jennets 


29 




2,610 


Sheep 


10,957 




33,870 


Swine 


at,;«2 




243,230 


Chickens 


78.537 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


4.98.i 1 
4, ,599 ( 




61,175 


Ducks 


a,124 J 






Swarms of Bees 


473 




1,190 


Honey 


15,767 1 




1,970 


Wool 




5.970 


Milk 
Butter 


1,318.315 § 1 
235,352 t \ 




90,340 


Eggs 


387,540 II 




48,440 


Total 1 1 


$1 ..363,370 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


/.en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Pliolo in heading: Miller County 



Scene. 
446 



MILLER COUNTY. 



447 




extensively in the lead regions. 
It is exported. Building stone is 
of high quality. Coal pockets 
are of a size insuring attention. 
Coal is especially abundant in 
western and northwestern por- 
tions. 

Land: — Area, 590 square 
miles, equal to 377,600 acres. 
Farms number 2,251, average 
size, 123.3, including lands of dif- 
ferent descriptions; actual value 
of farms, $2,889,820. Improved 
farming land lies mostly in the 
northwestern part of county and 
in valleys of Osage river. Tavern, 
and Grand Auglaise creeks and 
tributaries. Bottom land is most, 
productive, but in the northwest, in 
vicinity of Eldon, there is a large area 
of tableland where is a deep, black soil 
of superior fertility. Here quantity of 
gravel is small; elsewhere it is large. Soil 
is deeper, since thei-e is no erosion. All cereals 
and hay are grown here. The section is also rap- 
idly becoming a leading stock center. Roughest 
land is adjacent to Osage river. Bottoms interlie river and hills. Best of these 
are valued at $30 to $40 an acre. Best uplands sell at $30 an acre. Improved 
hill lands are available at $15 an acre. Undeveloped upland sells at $6 to $S. 
South of Osage river large areas may be had at $2.50 an acre. Government land 
to extent of 3,420 acres is subject to homestead entry at $1.25 an acre. Some of 
best fruit lands in entire Ozark region are located in Miller. Railroad facilities 
are also superior. Soil and subsoil are gravelly and porous, and major portion 
of that part north of river supports a vigorous growth of timber. Very little fruit 
is now shipped, being consumed locally. Commercial orchards are being planted. 

Transportation: — Rock Island crosses county east and west; Missouri Pa- 
cific, Bagnell branch, Jefferson City to Bagnell, runs north and south, intersect- 
ing at Eldon. 

LiTHiA Springs: — Lithia water is abundant from wells at Aurora Springs, a 
leading health resort of this section. Elsewhere are mineral wells, not improved. 

Towns: — Eldon, railroad di- 
vision point; location wagon and 
buggy factory, brick yard, broom 
factory, flouring mill. Aurora 
Springs, health resort. Iberia, 

flouring mill, schools. Olean, i 

flouring mill and canning factory. 
Tuscumbia, county seat, flouring 
mill. Spring Garden, school town 
and farming. Rocky Mount, coal. 
Bagnell, lumber and tie business. 
Distillery at Mary's Home. 

Newspapers : — T u s c u m b i a 
Autogram; Osage Valley Western 
Preacher; C. M. A. Companion, 
Olean News, Eldon Advertiser, 
Blue Ribbon; Eldon Eagle; 
Iberia Impetus. 





MISSISSIPPI COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



ACRES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



MISSISSIPPI county is situated upon ttie Mississippi river, one hun- 
dred and sixty miles south of St. Louis, within the delta district, 
a leading lumber, alfalfa and cereal growing section of Missouri. 
It is the most eastern point in the State. Its acreage is 275,000, 
of which 97,453 acres are in cultivation, producing an annual 
corn and wheat surplus worth in excess of one million dollars. 
Topographically it is level and low-lying, all excepting a one-fifteenth portion 
immediately to the west and southwest of Charleston, county seat, and it necessi- 
tates dike protection from spring floods. Successful levees are bringing about 
the zenith of timber working and the advancement of agriculture. 

Population:^ — White, 9,572; colored, 2,265; American born, 11,687; foreign 
born, 150; total, 11,837. Farm homes owned, 460; rented, 729; other homes 
owned, 509; rented, 751; total families, 2,449. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred dollars; school tax from five 
cents to 65 cents; average, 50 cents; total assessed valuation, $3,308,102; county 
debt, $25,000; no township debt. 

Timber: — Black and red oak; hickory, cypress, red gumwood, sycamore, Cot- 
tonwood, walnut of universally large growth. In north 
portion practically all commercial timber has been re- 
moved. 

Sand Undersoil: — Sand constitutes mineral wealth. 
Most land is sand underlaid, of high service in drain- 
age. 

Land: — Wholly alluvial, level, sand-mixed in vary- 
ing quantities. So long has the land been formed, sand 
is in quantity desirable rather than detrimental. Black 
dirt predominates in the composition. Eighteen thou- 
sand acres immediately to the west and southwest of 
Charleston are prairie. Here is location of highest 
priced farms. North of the Iron Mountain railroad and 
west of a line north and south through Samos, farms 
l)ring $40 to $50 an acre. An occasional tract may be 
had at $30. A few surrounding Charleston reach $80. 
These farms are finely improved and within a mile of 
the city. They are characterized by modern improve- 
ments, large frame residences, well painted and, being 
within an unsurpassed grain district, by large barns 
and live stock. North and east of the railroad which 
connects Charleston and Belmont, but one-fourth of the 
area is in actual cultivation, and farms of this locality 
are generally held at $25 to $35 an acre. All the above 
described land is protected by levee which extends from 
liig Lake on the north to Wolf Island, almost at the 
southeastern point of the county. South of the St. Louis 
& Southwestern and Iron Mountain railroads, which 



Corn 


47,414 


1,612,076* 


$ 604,530 


Wheat 


33,415 


768,550 * 


453,445 


Cats 


176 


5,280 * 


1.760 


Hay 


2,439 


3,660 t 


45,750 


Forage 


2,030 


2,370 t 


11,850 


Cotton 


40 


13,600 t 


1,020 


Tobacco 


1 


710 J 


70 


Potatoes 


273 


34,125* 


16,380 


Vegetables 


685 




22,990 



I Si, 157,795 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


8,961 


f wrfi2ii 


Horses 


1,934 


]i(;,i)i() 


Mules 


3,260 


2'_'S,20() 


Asses and Jennets 


25 


2,250 


Sheep 


132 


396 


Swine 


21,755 


217,550 


Chickens 


45,395-1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


1,573! 
2.907 r 


26,630 


Ducks 


3,418J 




Swarms of Bees 


867 


1,702 


Honey 


28,900 :: 


0,613 


Wool 


660:: 


110 


Milk 


771 ,680 §( 
135,564 i i 


72,.500 


Butter 


Eggs 


171,330 II 


21,420 



$892,033 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons 



PJwto in hcaOhig: 



Ciilliraiing Corn, W. L. Lvc, Cliinhstnn. 
448 



MISSISSIPPI COUNTY 



449 



intersect at Samos, only one-tenth of the 
land is actually plowed. This portion is 
to be had at $25 to $35 an acre. Soil is 
black sandy loam, of surpassing fertility, 
but farm improvements are less mention- 
worthy than those of the northern part 
of the county. Nine-tenths of this area 
is unimproved. At short winter and 
early spring intervals it frequently over- 
flows from inland. From the river it is 
nearly all protected, and draining ditches 
are attending now to inland overflow 
problem. Unimproved land is to be had 
at $15 to $20 an acre. The entire county 
is destined to corn, wheat, clover, tim- 
othy, cowpeas, watermelons and alfalfa. 
In the south half cotton will be a staple 
crop. 

Manufactures: — Flour and timber prod- 
ucts. Principal towns have flouring mills up 
to 150 barrels capacity. Timber products in- 
clude native lumber, handles, spokes and hoops 
for barrels. 

Transportation: — Three railroads, two of which 
are direct lines to St. Louis. Taxed roadbed totals 
eighty-five miles. 

Schools: — Charleston High School. 
Water: — Wells are driven. Water soft. 
Fishing: — Mississippi river bounds Mississippi county 
on three sides. Big Lake in north and numerous lakes in 
south abound in river varieties of fish. Duck shooting is sel- 
dom paralleled and never surpassed. Wild turkeys and other 
small game are plentiful. 

Towns: — Charleston, population 1,893; Bertrand, 266; Whit- 
ing, 244; Anniston; all supported by timber and agricultural interests, 
information address Charleston Commercial Club. 

Newspapers: — Charleston Courier, Star, Enterprise. 




For 




A FIELD OF cowpeas. 



Mu. — 29 



MONITBAU 




^^^^^\x^ 



MONITEAU COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



SURROUNDED and intersected by railroads, Moniteau county, washed 
upon the northeast by the Missouri river and immediately west of the 
State Capital county; long devoted to general farming and stock raising; 
is just now swinging into the column of Missouri's coal producing coun- 
ties. California is the county seat. Superior railroad facilities are ac- 
countable, too, though not in whole, for the location here of one of the three 
largest wholesale harness factories in the State. Poultry raising is a leading 
and very profitable industry. Milk and butter are shipped daily to St. 
Louis and Kansas City consumers, reached in from five to three hours respect- 
ively. Lead and zinc ores are mined within the county borders. In physical 
area Moniteau covers 420 square miles of land surface, or 268,800 acres, of which 
183,348 acres are under plow. Two thousand one hundred and forty-four farms 
average in size 119.2 acres each, estimated to be an actual present cash value of 
$4,489,013. 

Population: — White, 15,223; colored, 708; Ameri- 
can born, 14,863; foreign born, 1,068; total, 15,931. 
Farm homes owned, 1,577; rented, 499; other homes 
owned, 763; rented, 483; total families, 3,322. Foreign 
population is German. 

Finance: — County tax, 30 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; average school tax, 48 cents; total 
assessed valuation, $5,009,523; assessed valuation per 
cent of actual valuation, 35; county debt, $10,000; no 
township debt. 

Timber: — All the oaks, ash, hickory, sycamore, Cot- 
tonwood and linden were originally found upon the 
north part of the county's surface. Along the Missouri 
river the growth was dense and of large size individ- 
ually. The commercial size trees are practically all 
gone, save where preserved for pasture shade. Along 
the river bluffs, however, still remain some scattering 
trees two or three feet in diameter. 

Minerals: — Lead and zinc and coal are mined. The 
first two are produced from mines located at Fortuna, 
upon the Versailles-Tipton branch of the Missouri Pa- 
cific railroad. Coal deposits of remarkable depth exist 
throughout this section. One near California is eigh- 
teen feet thick, at a depth of sixty feet. Twenty-five 
years ago a number of isolated deposits were worked 
and were then thought to have been exhausted. Re- 
cent findings refute this. Upon Osage river, in the 
VuuvthouHc ; Thrcshiiuj Scene in Moniteau County; Harness 





ACRES 


PKODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


50,38a 


2,166,425* 


$ 639,095 


Wheal 


30,569 


641.945* 


253,070 


Oats 


9,371 


318,615* 


84,430 


H;iy 


33,176 


37,080 t 


222,480 


F"orage 


2,330 


2,910 t 


14,550 


Flax 


28 


168 t 


170 


Broom Corn 


22 


11,000 t 


305 


Clover Seed 




3,700 * 


20,720 


Grass Seed 




80* 


145 


Tobacco 


32 


22,400 t 


2,13(1 


Pot;itoes 


650 


81,250* 


20,000 


Vegetables 


615 




30,205 



SI ,393,300 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


19,601 


* 539,025 


Horses 


6,533 


431,180 


Mules 


2,801 


196,560 


Asses and Jennets 


45 


4,5011 


Sheep 


6,249 


18,745 


Swine 


29,267 


292,670 


Chickens 


109,329^ 




Turkeys 
Geese 


4,654 1 
4,929 f 


100,920 


Ducks 


1,.-)83| 




Swarms of Bees 


781 


1,525 


Honey 


26,033 : 
25,410: 


3,2,55 


Wool 


4,235 


Milk 


1,966,328 § 1 


123,490 


Butter 


329.563 t S 


Eggs 


571,730 


71,4i;.5 


Total 


1 


$1,787,57(1 



X Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



I'liolijn in hcdiliiitj : 
t'\irtori/, Califdiuiu. 



450 



MONITEAU COUNTY. 



451 



south part of the county, and Saline creek, in the north, limestone is found, 
though not sawed. 

Land: — Physically, Moniteau is one of the curiously shaped coun- 
ties of Missouri. The Missouri river cuts off what would else be its 
northeast corner, and, for some reason, the southwest corner is 
shaped to match in parallel. Beginning at the river, a gener- 
ous strip of bottom is encountered and then the bluffs, nar- 
row, high, gradually softening on the west into a hilly sur- 
face, until is reached the main line of the Missouri 
Pacific railway, which divides the county in two. Here 
is where originally grew the timber. Soil is black 
accretion in bottoms and brown loam loess upon 
the bluffs. The balance of the county is a red 
limestone clay, more or less flinty. South 
of the railroad the land lays level; an 
undulating prairie. It grows grass to 
perfection, accounting for a hay surplus 
of a quarter million dollars worth an- 
nually. Farms in hills sell at $30 to 
$35 an acre; those in prairie one-half of 
county, at $25 to $30. 

Fruit: — Nowhere are to be found 
better fruit growing adaptabilities than 
in the loess bluffs and adjacent hills. 
These bluffs are of formation favor- 
able to tree growth, and alongside of 
this is railroad, putting the orchardist 
within a few hours of St. Louis and 
Kansas City markets. 

Manufactories : — Wholesale harness 
factory at California; a tannery and 
woolen mills are the chief manufacturing interests. 

Transpoktation : — Missouri Pacific has four divisions intersecting the 
county: Main line from Kansas City to St. Louis crosses in the center, east and 
west; River Route, following the river bluffs on the north side of county; Ver- 
sailles branch from Tipton south; Bagnell bi-anch, crossing southeast corner. 

Towns: — California, population 2,181; location of factories, county seat. 
Tipton, population 1,337. Clarksburg, 509; Jamestown, 344. All these towns de- 
rive principal support from general farming and live stock interests. 

Newspapers: — California: Democrat, Dispatch, Herald; Tipton Times-Ga- 
zette, Mail; Clarksburg Review; Jamestown Journal; Fortuna Record. 





CALIFORNIA OPERA HOUSE. 



MONROB^ 




FOR every acre of farm land — of whatsoever character — in Monroe 
county there was an aggregate last year of $14.95 worth of farm 
products. Monroe is situated twenty miles west of the Mississippi 
river and is the third county north of the Missouri. Corn, cattle, 
horses, mules, hogs and hay are the leading products. Aside from 
large contribution to material wealth, Monroe is an important factor in other, 
higher interests. Its schools rank among the best in Missouri. Literature and 
music are fostered. There is marked culture and the lustre of its intellectual 
products has gilded wider borders than the State. Mark Twain was born here. 
Population: — White, 18,108; colored, 1,608; American born, 19,483; foreign 
born, 233; total, 19,716. Farm homes owned 2,323; rented, 811; other homes 
owned, 694; rented, 582; total families, 4,410. 

Finance: — County tax average 30 cents on one 
hundred dollars valuation; total assessed valuation, 
$7,172,439; assessment based upon one-third actual val- 
uation; no county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Originally one-half of the county was 
timbered with the various oaks, hickory, walnut, elm. 
ash, maple and other less numerous varieties. One- 
half of the timber was found along the bottom lands 
of the streams. Here it was exceedingly dense and of 
immense individual growth. In the hills it was lighter, 
though of growth indicating fertility of soil beyond the 
ordinary. Timber in the bottoms has been removed: 
in the hills is yet found commercial quantities. 

Minerals: — Coal and limestone. Two veins of 
coal underlie the county. One is within a few feet of 
the surface and is worlied in numerous places. At 
Paris this vein is about eighteen inches thick. The 
deeper stratum is unworked. It is claimed to be eight 
feet thick in some places. The annual production of 
coal for the county is approximately two thousand 
tons. Limestone for rough purposes is found abund- 
antly along all streams. 

Land: — Monroe county contains 644 square miles 
of surface, 112,160 acres, of which 331,911 acres are 
in a high stale of cultivation, devoted principally to 
corn. One-half llio county is a high, level-lying prairie 
and the remaiiulcr is hill land. There are 3,217 farms, 
embracing on I lie average 126 acres each. By actual 
S<))nc of Monroe Voiiiitij's I'rizc M'iinirr.t. 



MONROE COUNTY'S 1902 


CROP 


1 ACKES 1 I'ROOUCT 


VAl.UK 


Corn 


106,425 


5,321,150* 


jil ,622,950 


Wtieat 


9,500 


213,750* 


138,250 


Oats 


8,825 


286,845 * 


71,710 


Hay 


49,800 


83,910 t 


419,.550 


Forage 


48,000 


5,600 t 


28,000 


Fla.x 


10 


75* 


75 


Broom Corn 


18 


9,000 X 


250 


Clover Seed 




10* 


65 


Grass Seed 




9 000* 


12,600 


Tobacco 


-)! : 48,450 t 


4,31)0 


Potatoes 


655 


78,720 * 


19,680 


Vegetables 


910 




55,665 


Total 1 1 


$2,863,1.55 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


vai.uk 


Cattle 


3T.689 




$1,224,890 


Horses 


14,086 




939.005 


Mules 


4.919 




368,925 


Asses and Jennets 


290 




29.0110 


Sheep 


48,577 




145.7;?0 


Swine 


48,950 




489,500 


Chickens 


180,503 1 






'lurkeys 
Geese 


8,235 [ 
8,18:i f 




186,400 


Ducks 


1,840 1 






Swarms of Bees 


8,714 




9,915 


Honey 


123.800 1 
193,:W0 t 




15,475 


Wool 




33,215 


Milk 
Butler 


2,527,296 § 1 
569,629 t ! 




136,0;i0 


Eggs 


982,930 II 




122,865 


Total 1 1 


$3,700.01(1 
f.en. 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


+ Tons. § Gallons. 





I'lioton iit licddin;/ 



iMONliOK COUNTY. 



453 




l)resent selling prices, 
farms are estimated to 
represent a n aggregate 
worth of $10,525,470. The 
prairie land soil is a dark 
alluvial composition, one 
to four feet in depth, over 
clay subsoil. Farms are 
generally well improved 
and bring an average price 
of $45 an acre. There are 
perhaps twenty-five farms 
finely improved, lying 
close to towns for which 
would be asked $75 to $90 
an acre; and a like num- 
ber of outlying farms to 
be had at $30. Three 
branches of Salt river 
break into the county 
from the north, northwest 
and south, respectively, 

and form near the eastern edge a confluence which leaves on a direct course for 
the Mississippi river. Bottoms along these river branches are from a few yards 
to a half a mile in width. They unite in claiming one-fifth of the county area. 
The soil ia alluvial, black, fertile. The land occasionally overflows, but never 
suffers thereby. It is seldom found without some bluff land adjunct and hence 
may be had at $40 an acre. Three-tenths of Monroe county is rough timber land, 
ranging in price from $25 to $30 an acre. It is never too rough for pasture or 
fruit. Upon this character of land are found the best orchards of the county. 

Manufactures: — They are of a character incident to agriculture and stock 
raising. A great many sheep are raised, hence the location at Paris of a woolen 
mill of local capacity. A few flouring mills are also found. 

Transportation: — Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad crosses from east to 
west. The Burlington route also touches the county at the northeast corner. 

Schools and Sciiooi. Fund: — Monroe county has a perpetual school fund of 
$125,000 loaned at six per cent interest. There are three high schools, at Paris, 
Monroe City and Madison. The first two are articulated with the State Univer- 
sity. 

Churches: — All Christian 
denominations are represented. 
Christian and Baptist churches 
are strongest in membership. In- 
dian Creek township is com- 
posed of Catholics. 

Telephone: — Every farm 
house has privilege of telephone 
connection with a 
subscription embrac- 
ing almost the entire 
county. 

Newspapers : — Paris 
Mercury, Paris Ap- 
peal; Monroe City: 
News, Democrat; Mad- 
ison Times; Stouts- 
ville Banner. 




\ 




MONTGOMERY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



MONTGOMERY is situated upon the north side of the Missouri river 
seventy miles west of the city of St. Louis. Three-fifths of the 
county is topographically of that level prairie which distinguishes 
northeast Missouri. Live stock and general agriculture form 
the base stone of county commerce. Corn is king. It feeds two 
million dollars' worth of home live stock while the annual wheat production 
amounts to nearly 400,000 bushels. Mining of coal and fire clay, mineral paint 
substance, and the glass and sand industry upon the Missouri river are also 
among the more important industrial interests. There are two direct railroads 
into St. Louis, affording excellent transportation facilities. Mineola Springs is 
a summer resort, for years patronized by local people, and now receiving notice 
from wider territory. 

Population: — White, 15,160; colored, 1,411; Amer- 
ican born 15,869; foreign born, 702; total, 16,571. Farm 
homes owned, 1,646; rented, 596; other homes owned, 
766; rented, 577; total families, 3,585. 

Finance:- — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 10 cents to $1.10; average, 48 
cents; total assessed valuation, $5,129,679; assessment 
valuation based upon fifty per cent of actual worth of 
property. No indebtedness. 

Timber: — Walnut, hickory, white oak, burr oak, 
sycamore, hackberry, elm, ash, and sugar maple were 
the most numerous species of a timber growth which 
primevally covered forty per cent of the county. It 
grew chiefly along the Missouri river and Loutre river. 
Minerals :^ — There are several coal mines in vi- 
cinity of Wellsville. Vein is reached at a depth of one 
hundred and twenty feet. Mines are worked only dur- 
ing winter season, outputting last year 2,400 tons, lo- 
cally consumed. At High Hill, upon the Wabash rail- 
road, clay is mined. It is of diverse compositions. Some 
of it is utilized in the manufacture of tiling, fire brick 
and pressed brick. Sand for glass manufacture is taken 
from the river in the south end of the county. A sub- 
stance from which mineral paint is made is contribut- 
ing to the mineral output. Zinc prospects exist in the 
rough lands in the south part of the county. Building 
stone is plentiful along all streams. 

llcrcfords, L. D. Mvdd, Bellfloirrr ; Halancc I'ncl;. vrnr Ddinillr. 
4 54 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


77,205 


3,101,955* 


$ 946,095 


Wheat 


16,725 


367,9,50 * 


220,770 


Oats 


14,780 


443,370 * 


110,845 


Hay 


26,035 


39,050 t 


214,775 


Forage 


1,545 


1,800 t 


9,000 


Flax 




1,100* 


1,105 


Broom Corn 


150 


14,000 t 


385 


Clover Seed 


28 


250* 


1,6,30 


Grass Seed 




360* 


3i;5 


Tobacco 


35 


33,230 t 


2,9'.t5 


Potatoes 


610 


85,400 * 


21,350 


Vegetables 


705 




49,400 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


23,005 


$ 


747,(100 


Horses 


7,779 




318,600 


Mules 


2,,'J72 




192,900 


Asses end Jennets 


104 




10,400 


Sheep 


12,200 




;i6,600 


Swine 


40,341 




403,410 


Chickens 


182,098 1 






Turkeys 


5,156 I. 




130 275 


Geese 


8,015 f 






Ducks 


1,464 J 






Swarms of Bees 


1,936 




6,0,50 


Honey 


64 533: 

44,200;; 




8,065 


Wool 




7,365 


Milk 


1,904,248 § 1 
343,451 t (■ 




103,175 


Butter 




Eggs 


703,250 II 




87 920 


Total 


1 


1 $ 2.052,420 



I Pounds. 
^ G:illons. 



Dozen. 



riiolos in licitdiiKj : 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



455 



LA>iu:^The soil map in this volume 
shows sixty per cent of Montgomery's soil to 
be that which is found upon northeast Mis- 
souri level prairie. It is mulatto loam, one 
to four feet deep. Blue grass is of spontane- 
ous growth. The south portion of the county 
is red limestone clay, moderately flinty, in- 
dicating mineral deposit. Immediately ad- 
joining the Missouri river is a narrow 
strip of alluvium. It Is estimated that 
this portion, plus the bottoms of Loutre 
river and tributaries, amounts to ten per 
cent of the county. It sells at $60 an acre. 
Ten per cent of the land is of white oak 
growth and may be had at $10 an acre; the 
prairie land, amounting to sixty per cent, 
may be owned for $45 an acre. Twenty per 
cent of the surface is rolling upland, selling 
at $45. The cheaper land is of the Ozai'k bor- 
der soil notably conducive to the commer- 
cial orchard's success. It all grows blue 
grass. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills consti- 
tute the manufactories. They are located in 
the principal towns. Nearly every postoffice 
point has a feed mill. 

Schools: — Montgomery City, Wellsville, 
New Florence, and Jonesburg have graded 
school systems. Montgomery City system is 
headed by a high school, doing approved work, 
without examination to the State University. 

Health Resort: — Mineola Springs is a picturesque point on Loutre 
river three miles southwest of Danville. For many years it has afforded place 
for local summer gatherings, and within the past few seasons its guests have 
come from out-of-county points as well. 

Towns: Montgomery City, population 2,026, is located near the center 
of the county, upon the Wabash railroad. Wellsville, population 1,160, is upon 
the railroad in the northwest corner of the county. New Florence, 424; Jones- 
burg, 407; Middletown, 375. All are supported wholly by farming and live 
stock interests. Stock sales are held in all towns. Danville is the county seat. 
Newspapers: Montgomery City Standard, Tribune; Wellsville Record, 
Optic-News; Middletown Chips; New Florence Leader; Jonesburg Journal; 
Rhineland Sunbeam; Bellflower News. 




A diploma therefrom admits 




MINEOLA SPRINGS, PICTURESQl'E RESORT ON LOUTRE RIVER 




COAL deposit seventy-two feet thick is the substantiated boast of Mor- 
gan county. North of a center line land is of undulating lay, of high 
farming value. South thereof it is rough and rock covered. Morgan 
is second county south of the Missouri river and the fourth east of 
the Kansas line. Coal underlies, east to west, a large area through 
the center. Scientific and practical investigations reveal pockets of bituminous 
coal twenty-one to seventy-two feet thick, the latter record belonging to the 
Stover coal bank between Versailles and Eldon. Drift is entered with wagon 
and team, mineral loaded, outfit turned 'round and driven out. The new Rock 
Island railroad, St. Louis to Kansas City, opens this heretofore dormant district. 
Fire clay, kaolin, and other clays exist in large extent. Cattle, horses and mules 
demand chief attention of farming section. County area, 638 square miles; 
408,320 acres; 139,649 acres cultivated. Number of farms, 2,013; 132.9 acres 
average size; estimated actual aggregate value $3,853,- 
410. 

Population: — White, 11,737; colored, 438; Ameri- 
can born, 11,705; foreign born, 470; total, 12,175. Farm 
homes owned, 1,510; rented, 500; other homes owned, 
245; rented, 251; total families, 2,506. Foreign popula- 
tion German, mainly in northwest. 

Finance: — County tax, $1,30 on one hundred dol- 
lars valuation; school tax, 10 cents to $1; average, 70 
cents; total assessed valuation, $2,762,800; assessed 
valuation per cent of actual valuation, 40; county debt, 
$124,500, railroad bonds. No township debt. 

Timber: — Sixty-five per cent of surface, including 
south half of county and along streams of north half, 
was primevally timbered with all varieties and sizes of 
oak, walnut, hickory, sugar tree, elm, sycamore, in 
quantities according to precedence in enumeration. 
Twenty per cent of original timber lands are cleared. 
Minerals: — Coal: heretofore used locally and for 
blacksmithing purposes; field now opened commer- 
cially; deposits in pockets ten feet or more below sur- 
face. Fire clay and kaolin pits opened at Versailles, 
where utilizing plant has recently been installed. Lead 
and zinc findings on surface; no deep prospecting. 
Iron ore, surface mined, been little exported. Barite 
and onyx are available. 

Land: — Following line crossing county east to west 
through Versailles, dipping gradually to four or five 
Lead Minina, Morgan Coutit// : A Chnrniimj nil of St(ii(iy. 



MORGAN COUNTY S 1002 


CROP 




ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


46,292 


1,. 501. 490* 


? 443,825 


Wheat 


13,160 


289,720 * 


159,346 


Oats 


5,476 


197,135* 


52,240 


Hay 


19,348 


29,075 t 


159,915 


Forage 


4,175 


5,220 t 


26,100 


Fhix 


140 


840* 


855 


Broom Corn 


loe 


53,000 t 


1,460 


Clover Seed 




;no* 


1.7:^5 


Grass Seed 




600* 


1,080 


Tobacco 


36 


25,200 t 


2.395 


Potatoes 


516 


61 ,920 * 


19,815 


Vegetiibles 


490 




24,510 


Total 






1 $893,276 


LIVES 


TOCK I 


\ND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 


1 


NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 






20,2G8 




$ .557,360 


Horses 






5,979 




394.615 


Mules 






2,554 




177,780 


Asses and Jen 


nets 




97 




9,700 


Sheep 






10,862 




32.585 


Swine 






19.809 




198,090 


Chickens 






111,1651 






Turkeys 
Geese 






3,548 ', 
3,822 r 




69,330 


Ducks 






934 J 






Swarms of Be 


es 




600 




1,410 


Honey 






20,000: 
;i5,280 : 




2,.500 


Wool 








5,880 


Milk 




1,' 


•08,908 § ) 




107,.560 


Butter 






!93,179 t \ 




Eggs 






629,140 II 




78,680 


Total 


1 


1 


$1,635,490 


* Bushels. 


t Pour 


ids. II Do 


ten. 


t Tons. 


§ Gall 


ons. 





Photos in heading 



]\IORGAN COUNTY 



4.57 



miles' extent to southward upon either 
side, is the watershed between Missouri 
and Osage rivers. North of this water- 
shed lies three-fifths of Morgan county, 
undulating prairie land of fine fertility, 
the evenness being broken only by 
friendly creeks which ideally drain. 
Here are farms, uniformly; good dwell- 
ings, woven wire fences, windmills, 
well stocked with blooded cattle, hogs, 
horses and sheep. Prices range from 
$20 to $40, with three-fourths worth 
$25 to $35 per acre. These farms are 
from eighty to three hundred and sixty 
acres. Within a mile of Versailles, 
chief town in county, prices reach $65. 
Ten per cent of prairie has small sur- 
face rock. Of the south two-fifths, 
only fifteen per cent is improved. Land 
is mountainous. Best farms are in 
Osage and Gravois river bottoms; 
worth $20 to $30, with a few asking 
$40 an acre. Hill farms, usually con- 
taining some creek bottom, are worth 
$8 to $15, according to extent of latter 
character of land. Eighty-five per cent 
is wild, timbered land with mineral in- 
dication; worth $6 to $12. Stock range 
is free. Bluestem grass and nut crop 
support live stock ten months a year. 
Fruit is the ultimate crop of this sec- 
tion. 

Clay Products and Handles: — Clay of widely diverse character underlies 
Morgan county. A deposit opened at Versailles is said to possess fire resisting 
qualities. Kaolin is included. Timbered portions of county supplies Versailles 
handle factory. 

Transportation: — Rock Island railroad, Kansas City to St. Louis, 26 miles; 
Missouri Pacific, main line, 7.30; branch, 12.76. Wagon roads include ten miles 
gravel, in several directions from Versailles. 

Churches: — Presbyterian, Methodist, Christian, Baptist, Episcopalian, 
Catholic and German Lutheran are represented at county seat. 

Mineral Water; Caves: — Water of iron property is bottled at Versailles. 
Caves abound in south Morgan county. Principal ones are Jacob's, Spears' and 
Dry Branch. 

Newspapers: — Versailles Leader, Statesman, Democrat. 






NEW MADRID COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



To^al 

* Bushels. 

t Tons. 



NEW MADRID is in the southeast corner of Missouri. Its entire sur- 
face is of the lowland type. Originally the county was an unbroken 
forest, which flooded with the approach of spring. Along the pres- 
ent course of St. Louis, Memphis & Southeastern railroad is a strip 
of land four to five miles wide, averaging ten feet higher than the 
balance of the county. Farm settlements started here, and the timber was ruth- 
lessly removed to make room. Balance of the county has furnished hardwood 
timber to extent of making it foundational to the leading industrial activity. 
Eight large hardwood lumber mills and countless small ones operate within the 
county. Sixty-five per cent of land has been cut over; 90,635 acres are under 
plow. North of New Madrid corn and wheat are leading agricultural products; 
South thereof, cotton lands. Alfalfa is to become the leading crop. Farming 
acreage is rapidly increasing. Three drainage ditches, one extending from 
Morehouse south through Point Pleasant, and two taking same direction and 
lying between Hough and Laforge, have been constructed. On the west side 
drainage districts have been organized to build deep 
ditches north and south, paralleling one mile apart. 
Cost is to be $3.50 to $4 an acre. 

Timber:— Red gumwood, cypress, oak, ash, hickory, 
walnut, elm, hackberry, sycamore, pecan, cottonwood. 
Red gumwood is a close imitation of mahogany; is sus- 
ceptible of high finish. Largely shipped to Europe. 

Population:— White, 9,253; colored, 2,027; Ameri- 
can born, 11,170; foreign born, 110; total, 11,280. Farm 
homes owned, 303; rented, 787; other homes owned, 
514; rented, 609; total families, 2,213. 

Finance: — County tax, 60 cents; school tax, five 
cents to $1.25; average, 73 cents; total assessed valua- 
tion, $3,064,101; assessed valuation per cent of actual 
valuation, 40; no county nor township debt. 

Land:— Square miles, 620; acreage, 396,800, of 
which 90,635 acres are cultivated; number of farms, 
1,063; average size, 114.6; estimated actual valuation, 
$6,869,145. Underlaid at six to eight feet with sand, 
serviceable in removing surface water, in manner sim- 
ilar to tiling. A drain divide is described by course of 
St. Louis, Memphis & Southeastern railroad. It touches 
towns of Sikeston, Laforge, Lilbourn, New Madrid, 
Marston and Portageville. Soil is sandy mulatto. Here 
are best farms, representing one-fifth of the county in 
acreage; worth $40 to $50; in the immediate vicinities 
of New Madrid and Sikeston, $60 to $70. In the lower 
l'li(iti) ill lieudincj : Krir Madrid County Farm .Scrxr. 

45S 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


47,310 


1,419,.300* 


* .532, 235 


Wheat 


20,155 


423,208 * 


249,690 


Oats 


280 


8,400 * 


2,800 


Hay 


1,907 


2,860 t 


37.180 


Forage 


705 


820 t 


4,100 


Clover Seed 




90* 


495 


Cotton 


5,265 


1.842,750 t 


1.38,20.3 


Tobacco 


1 


710 t 


70 


Potatoes 


112 


11,200* 


5,375 


VegelaDles 


210 




7,715 



* 977,865 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


8,067 


% 181,507 


Horses 


2,280 


136,800 


Mules 


2,986 


209,020 


Asses and Jennets 


30 


2,700 


Sheep 


612 


1,836 


Swine 


21,955 


219,.550 


Chickens 






Turkeys 
Geese 


23,820 


Ducks 


2,644 J 




Swarms of P,ees 


1,643 


4,165 


Honey 


54,767 


6,846 


Wool 


2,355 


392 


Milk 
Butter 


6)7,860 §) 
127.918 % \ 


53,910 


Eggs 


176,360 II 


22,045 



* 862,591 



X Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



NEW MADRID COUNTY 



4.59 



land section east of divide are 
a few highly improved farms, 
but bulk of land is unim- 
proved; all overflows. 
Soil is largely Missis- 
sippi deposit, is 
blacker and 
stiffer than 
that else 
where in 
county. 
Few 




improved farms sell at $25 to $35; bulk of land unimproved, $5 to $10. West 
lowlands represent one-half of county. Soil is brown deposit, of overflow from 
hills. Drainage districts covering 160,000 acres exist; proposed to vote $500,000 
bonds, build ditches one mile apart. Money is forthcoming upon bonds due in 
three years, first payment, twenty-five cents per acre, increasing for twenty years. 
Cost per acre estimated to average $3.75. One-fifteenth now drained; cultivable 
land selling at $25 to $35. 

Transportation:- — Railroads: Frisco, 25.46; Iron Mountain, 3.67; Cotton 
Belt, 34.14; branch to New Madrid, 6.90; Frisco (St. Louis, Memphis & South- 
eastern), 31 miles taxed roadbed. Lee Line steamers, St. Louis to New Orleans, 
anchor at New Madrid, which is a heavy freight distributing point for surround- 
ing towns. 

Driven Wells: — Are the chief mode for obtaining water. Pipe point pene- 
trates sand, giving inexhaustible supply. 

Fisn AND Game:- — Lake Cushion, near Point Pleasant; Lake Como, and Lake 
Hubbard are bountifully stocked with fish; canals and Mississippi river like- 
wise. Black bass, crappie, rock bass, catfish and perch. Deer, wild turkeys, 
ducks, quail, rabbits, squirrels and other game. Duck shooting is superb. 

Towns: — New Madrid, county seat, electric lights, two lumber mills, grist 
mill, stave and heading factory; cotton gin; two white Protestant, one Catholic 
and two negro churches. Morehouse, hub and spoke factory, two hardwood saw 
mills employing 300 men; three Protestant churches; Portageville, two saw 
mills, two cotton gins, two Protestant churches. Point Pleasant, cotton gin and 
saw mill. Parma, two saw mills. 

Newspapers: — New Madrid Weekly Record, Southeast Missourian; Portage- 
ville Push. 




NEWTON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Toial 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



NEWTON, situated upon the Kansas border and separated by McDonald 
county from Arkansas, is known as the great tripoli county of Mis- 
souri, as location of the government fish hatcheries, and as a lead- 
ing zinc mining district. Its area is 648 square miles. Tripoli 
mines at Seneca have an annual output of over six and one-half 
million pounds of product. Zinc, including jack, silicates and dry-bone, yields 
twenty thousand tons a year. At Granby a mine has been in continuous opera- 
tion since 1854. A smelter is here located. Other prominent featurizing inter- 
ests are nurseries, woolen mills, mineral waters, gravel roads, and Grand Falls 
Park with summer theater and picnic grounds. Horticultural interests are ex- 
tensive. Near Neosho many strawberries, dewberries, blackberries and rasp- 
berries are raised. Elsewhere apples, peaches, grapes, and pears are profitably 
grown. Apple products average approximately sixteen thousand barrels a year. 
Strawberries are produced to the extent of twenty-five thousand crates an- 
nually. Of the county's 414,720 acres, 193,560 are devoted to agriculture, being 
under plow. Farms number 3,043, of an average size of 92.1 acres, estimated to 
be worth at market price, an aggregate of $8,032,400. 

Population: — White, 26,280; colored, 721; Ameri- 
can born, 26,427; foreign born, 574; total, 27,001. Farm 
homes owned, 1,917; rented, 1,155; other homes owned, 
1,650; rented, 827; total families, 5,549. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 10 cents to $1.60; average, 53 
cents; total assessed valuation, $6,417,151; assessed val- 
uation per cent of actual valuation, 50; county debt, 
$30,000; no township debt. 

Timber: — Isolated bodies preserved for firewood 
and general farm purposes. Black oak constitutes 
sixty per cent of timber. Walnut and hickory are found 
in valleys. Small growth timber covers about half of 
the county. 

Minerals: — Mineral signs obtain nearly all over 
the county, but less than one-half have been earnestly 
prospected. Minerals found are tripoli, zinc, lead, lime- 
stone, sandstone, fire clay. Representative annual out- 
puts are: jack, 12,183 tons; silicates, 9,251 tons; dry 
bone, 198 tons; lead, 3,015 tons, tripoli, 6.660,000 
pounds. 

Land: — Soil is a dark, fertile, gravelly, clay loam, 
underlaid by porous subsoil of deep, red or mulatto col- 
ored clay. All farm crops thrive. In some of the 
rougher districts soil is sometimes thin through erosion, 
and stony bearing. This soil is usually located by its 
dense growth of black-jack and post oak. Best lands are 

atrinrhnri/ FiiUI, »<ar Xl'OhIio, irliicli supplier Our IIuiuIikI ami 





ACKES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


44,443 


1,3:«,290* 


* 419,985 


Wheal 


.59,243 


880, (J25 * 


488,750 


Oais 


8,259 


218,865* 


.58,000 


Hay 


9,,'iG(i 


16,31)0 t 


li:i,820 


Forage 


1,420 


l,S!)5t 


9,475 


Flax 


l,2t;6 


5,068 * 


5,270 


Broom Corn 


15 


8,250 X 


225 


Clover See-d 




1,020* 


5,710 


Grass Seed 




2o0* 


400 


Tobacco 


18 


11,700 t 


1,700 


Pota;oes 


1,270 


120,6.50 * 


42,230 


Vegetables 


875 




28,630 



$1,184,195 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBEK 


1 VALUK 


CaltU- 




lr,465 


% 480,290 


Horses 




8,505 


510,300 


Mules 




1 ,866 


121,290 


Asses and 


Jennets 


28 


2,520 


Slieep 




811 


2,4:-i5 


Swine 




15,:^60 


1.53,1.00 


Chickens 




117,1831 




Turkeys 




2,818 ', 
2,024 \ 


79,885 


deese 






Duck.. 




3.795 J 




Sv\arms o 


liees 


1 ,962 


4.200 


Honey 




(;.5.400 X 


.s,175 


VVo.il 




2.990 X 


500 


Milk 
Buucr 




2.572,260 § f 
5;0,478tf 


164,020 


Iif,'^-'s 




1.000,250 11 


125.030 



$1,0.52.245 



I Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Do/.en. 



Photo in headifu; : 
Fifty Car Loads Avtiualti/. 



NEWTON COUNTY. 



401 




Land in these districts is rapidly being developed 



in northern parts, much of 
this being prairie. In the 
north part of county lands 
are well developed. All 
parts of the county are to 
some degree developed, but 
settlement is thinner in 
the southwest corner. Im- 
proved prairie lands sell at 
$25 to $40 an acre; valleys 
$25 to $35; ridges from 
$8 to $15. Unimproved 
lands, $5 to $10 an acre. 
All elevated lands — higher 
the better — are by nature 
adapted for fruit growing. 
Upon either side of shoal 
creek, and upon prairies in 
the northeastern, northern, 
southeast and all over west 
parts of the county, fruit 
lands approach the ideal, 
horticulturally. 

Manufactories: — These consist of flouring mills, saw mills, wagon factory, 
smelters, carding machines, woolen mills. There might be added tripoli works 
and nurseries. 

Transportation: — Frisco, St. Louis to Southwest, main line; Missouri Pa- 
cific, and Kansas City Southern. Several miles of gravel wagon roads have been 
built by the county. 

Mineral Springs: — At Neosho are iron and sulpliur springs. Grand Falls 
Station, on Shoal creek, in northwest corner of county, is a place of natural 
scenery. At this place. Joplin, largest city of southwest Missouri, obtains its 
power for electric lights and waterwoi'ks. A dam is constructed across stream, 
forming a large lake. Boating and fishing are thus afforded. A summer garden 
and park make it a popular summer resort. 

Towns:- — Neosho, county seat, population 2,725; has flouring mill, planing 
mills, plow and wagon factory, foundry, woolen mills, fish hatchery. Public 
school system approved by University of Missouri. Gi-anby, population 2,315, 

mining town, center of 

mining district; has 
smelter, flouring mill. 
Seneca, population 1,- 
043, tripoli mining. 
Newtonia, population 
355, metropolis of Oli- 
ver's prairie, a lead- 
ing farming district. 
Wentworth, 238; Sagi- 
naw, Spurgeon, and 
Diamond are mining 
towns. 

Newspapers : — Neo- 
sho Times, Miner and 
Mechanic, Free Press, 
Daily Tutor, Herald; 
Seneca Dispatch ; 
Granby Miner; New- 
tonia News. 





NODAWAY is the first cattle county in Missouri. Tlie value of this 
one live stock item amounts to approximately three million dollars. 
Besides this large value of cattle, horses, mules and hogs aggre- 
gate three and one half millions, and corn products add more than 
three additional millions. Other important products of the farm 
in this county are blue grass, timothy, and clover hay, poultry and eggs, 
butter, and oats. County borders Iowa on the north and is the second east of 
the Missouri river, separating Missouri from Nebraska; located within the belt 
of country which makes it purely agricultural. 

Population: — White, 32,809; colored, 129; Amei'ican born, 31,680; foreign 
born, 1,258; total, 32,938. Farm homes owned, 3,002; rented, 1,437; other homes 
owned, 1,707; rented, 994; total families, 7,130. 

Land; its Topography and Price: — Nodaway is a high rolling prairie, with 
some timbered, rough land along the Nodaway, One Hundred and Two and 
Platte, the three rivers of the county. There are 848 square miles of land, 542,- 
720 acres, of which 486,462 acres are improved. Farms 
number 4,490, averaging 123.9 acres each, of an actual 
value of $18,740,160. Originally stream-bordering, tim- 
bered land amounted to one-tenth; two thirds of this 
has been removed. Soil is an even black prairie loam, 
ranging generally from two and one-half to four feet 
deep, especially adapted to cereal production. The 
river One Hundred and Two, flowing southwardly 
across the entire county, divides it into two almost 
equal parts. East of this small stream, the farms aver- 
age in price $55 an acre; the cheapest ten per cent are 
$40 and a like percentage $85, elegantly improved. Soil 
in the western half is similar texture to that of the 
eastern portion, but of slightly deeper general average. 
Improvements are also of more pretension. Improved 
farms average $75 an acre. The cheapest are $50; ten 
per cent of the land brings $60; bulk ranges from $70 
to $85. Adjacent Maryville one 100-acre farm recently 
brought $150, and around other Nodaway towns land 
has sold at $100. Farm improvements are equal to the 
best in Missouri or Iowa. Average farm residence 
costs $1,000. One near Burlington Junction cost $25,- 
000, and another $12,000. Five and ten thousand dol- 
lar residences are common. Barns are large for live 
stock feeding and shelter. 

Factory Products: — Consist of iron castings for 

stoves and sash weights, flour, wagons and carriages, 

brick, tile, cigars, and butter. Maryville wagon factory 

.St cue on Furm of R T. Laiinii\, Ehiio; Hnrii of C. D. HiIIoiis, 



NODAWAY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


247,194 


9,887,760 * 


S ;?,114,(i45 


Wheat 


6,631 


152,.585 * 


87.735 


Oats 


25,9:58 


713.295 * 


185.455 


Hay 


49,,377 


98,755 t 


543.155 


Forage 


7,125 


9,500 t 


47.500 


Broom Corn 


1 


.550 1 


15 


Clover Seed 




860* 


4,7.30 


Grass Seed 




5, TOO * 


8.835 


Tobacco 


3 


2.700 t 


270 


Potatoes 


2,036 


295,220 * 


70,855 


Vegetables 


1,305 




69,.320 


Total 1 1 


1 $ 4.132,515 


LIVE STOCK AND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBEK | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


90.202 




$ 2,931,565 


Horses 


21.149 




],609,9.S5 


Mules 


2,906 




217,950 


Asses iind Jennets 


65 




fi,.500 


Sheep 


5,168 




17,225 


Swine 


175,075 




1,750,750 


Chickens 


299,293 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


5,445 1 
5,705 f 




2,56,210 


Ducks 


6,126 J 






Swarms of Hees 


5.286 




14,295 


Honey 


176,5J(X)* 




22,025 


Wool 


22,410* 




3.735 


Milk 
Butter 


4,982,620 § 1 
909,612 t 1 




282,235 


RRgs 


1,629,260 II 




203,655 


Total 1 1 


"F 7^316,080 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do? 


en. 


+ Tons. § Gallons. 





J'liotos in Jicadiixj 
MdvuvilJe. 



462 



NODAWAY COUNTY. 



463 



STATE OF , ,, IOWA 




builds 75 jobs annually; 
four cigar factories employ 
forty men; gas lights are 
built. Creameries are lo- 
cated at Ravenwood and 
Hopkins, and canning fac- 
tory at Parnell. 

Transportation : — Di- 
rect lines to St. Joseph 
Kansas City, St. Louis, 
Omaha and Lincoln. Miles 
of taxable roadbed: Wa- 
bash, 45.38; Chicago, Bur- 
lington & Qulncy: Brown- 
ville & Nodaway Valley, 
9.76; Kansas City, St. Jo- 
seph & Council Bluffs, 
12.87; Same, Hopkins 
branch, 33.69; Chicago, 
Great Western, 23.75. 

Schools : Conception 
C o L L E G e: — One hundred 
and eighty - six country 
school buildings. Mary- 
ville has system of three 
ward schools, and central 
high school approved by 
University o f Missouri. 
Maryville Seminary, co-educational, founded 1888, preparatory college under 
Methodist church, North. Academic, business and normal courses; attendance, 
155. In 1873 Rev. Frowin Conrad, Benedictine, from Engleberg, Switzerland, 
founded a monastery at Conception. In 1881 Pope Leo XIII erected it into an 
abbey, with Father Conrad abbot. In 1884 Conception College was established by 
Benedictine Sisters, from Switzerland who, in 1875, had founded a convent, later 
an academy for young women, and in 1890 ati orphanage for girls. Monastery 
numbers 35 priests, ten clerics and 23 lay-brothers. Priests teach in Conception 
College, which boards 65 pupils and is in charge of 24 parishes and missions in 
Missouri and among North Dakota Indians. Clerics are preparing for priest- 
hood; lay-brothers work College farm. Seventy-three sisters teach forty orphans 
and young women in academy, and make vestments for the Catholic church. 

Mineral Springs :i — At Burlington Junction is a water of mineral properties. 
A hotel accommodates visitors. 

Towns: — Maryville, county seat, has waterworks, electric lights, sewerage, 
four miles of vitrified brick street paving. Has fourteen church edifices; in poli- 
tics about equally divided; two railroads, a Catholic hospital. Skidmore, Hop- 
kins, Burlington Junction, Barnard, are thriving farming towns. 

Finance: — County tax, 65 cents; average school tax, 47 cents; total assessed 
valuation, $10,823,245; one-third actual value; no debts. 

Newspapers: — Maryville Tribune, Republican, Forum, Democrat; Hopkins 
Journal, Pickering 
News, Parnell Sentinel, 
Ravenwood Gazette, 
New Conception Her- 
ald, Clyde Times, Bar- 
nard Bulletin, Burling- 
ton Junction Post, Gra- 
ham Post, Quitman Rec- 
ord, Elmo Register, 
Clearmont News; Skid- 
more Standard. 



• 


"'laBB*'^ 


.. 


*liit 
















.^M^Ml 


^ 


1^^^' 


' 


f ^ 


*^. 


" 


V 






P*^ 






OREGON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons 



LARGEST peach orchard in Missouri is in Oregon county. It numbers 
102,400 trees. Horticulture is the chief pursuit. Peaches, grapes and 
strawberries are leading exports and acreages are increasing. Agri- 
culture is second. There are 1,880 farms averaging 119.6 acres each, 
including an average of 46 acres improved. Farm lands estimated at 
aggregate worth of $2,508,730. Cattle, hogs, horses, and sheep are pastured on 
free range. Both pine and hardwood trees are indigenous. Mineral exists. Ore- 
gon has the only active gold mine in the State. The county is situated upon the 
Arkansas border, ninety miles west of the Mississippi river. It is mountainous, 
three-fourths originally timbered; one-fourth barren land. 

Population: — White, 13,899; colored, 7; American born, 13,661; foreign 
born, 245; total, 13,906. Farm homes owned, 1,381; rented, 521; other homes 
owned, 301; rented, 520; total families, 2,723. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred dollars; school tax, average, 
65 cents; total assessed valuation, $2,141,046; two thirds of actual valuation; 
no county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — North of Eleven Points river, one-half 
was pine; remainder was white oak, black oak, post 
oak, hickory and sycamore. South of river hardwoods 
grew. Pine will be exhausted in six years. One-fifth 
hardwood timber clean cut or culled. Ten saw mills in 
county; largest capacity, 25,000 feet daily, located in 
pine district. 

Minerals: — Iron, carbonate of zinc, sandstone, blue 
limestone, and gold. Carbonate of zinc mines at Alton 
and Thayer. Stone is not shipped out of county, but 
several stone business blocks attest its worth. Alpha 
gold mine, twelve miles east of Alton on Eleven Points 
river, produced one mill test assaying $100. Small 
pieces have assayed $250 a ton. 

Land: — One-fourth "barrens;" bore no timber and 
surface is high and rolling. Large bulk embraces a 
strip five miles wide, extending two-thirds across the 
county, just north of Alton. Here and in valleys are 
grain farms. Fruit farm district borders Frisco rail- 
road in southwest part of county. Grain farms, im- 
proved, are worth $12 to $15 an acre. Surrounding 
Thomasville is a section of valley farms selling at $50 an 
acre. Fruit lands with bearing trees are unpriced, 
since in good fruit years these lands net from $100 to 
$300 an acre. Rough, rock bearing fruit lands, unim- 





1 ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


31,383 


1,400.224* 


$ 376..585 


Wheat 


15,821 


157.210 * 


92,755 


Oats 


3,287 


101,900* 


33, 905 


Hay 


4,322 


6,485 t 


58,::565 


Forage 


84.5 


985 t 


4,925 


Broom Corn 


5 


2.500 1 


70 


Clover Seed 




10* 


55 


Cotton 


895 


223,750 X 


16,780 


Tobacco 


50 


35,500 t 


3,550 


Potatoes 


307 


30,700 * 


14,735 


Vegetables 


785 




30,295 



I 2 632,080 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCT 



KIND. 1 


NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 


11,102 


$ 277,550 


Horses 


3,628 


217,080 


Mules 


1.4(i2 


87,720 


Asses and Jennets 


33 


3,070 


Sheep 


4,(;77 


14,0.il 


Swine 


25,391 


2.53,910 


Chickens 


23,470 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


i,3;)5 ; 
2,443 f 


33,590 


Ducks 


1,940 J 




Swarms of Bees 


848 


2,100 


Honey 


28,207 :: 


:!,533 


Wool 


14,400 : 


2,4U0 


Milk 


1,192.300 § ( 
232,474 t I 


101,700 


Butter 


Eggs 


330,380 11 


u,:m 



$ 1,036,644 



Pounds. 

Gallons 



Dozen. 



PJiotos in hcadiiKj: J'cuvli Itlossoms ; I'ickhitj I'nnhcx^ luur Koshkijunnij ; A Saiiiitlc 



Tuig. 



464 



OREGON COUNTY. 



465 




ARKANSAS "V-. 



proved within six miles 
of railroad average $10 
an acre. Farther away 
sell at $3 to $5 an acre. 
Upland soil is dark red 
clay mixed with sand, 
with bright clay subsoil. 
Bottom land soil is brown, 
practically the same, but 
deeper. 

Manul'actoiues: — Flour- 
ing mills, lumber mills 
and cotton gins. Flour 
mills located at Thayer, 
Myrtle, Boze, Billmore, 
Surprise, Greer Spring, 
Koshkonong and Alton. 
Koshkonong mill has ca- 
pacity of 100 barrels daily; 
others are 50 barrels ex- 
cepting Billmore's, which 
is 25 barrels. Thayer and 
Thomasville have lumber 
mills, former also being 
location of planing mill making sash, door, blinds, and pickets. Cotton gins at 
Couch, Myrtle and Alton. Woolen mill at Alton. Canning factory at Thayer. 

Transportation: — Frisco, Springfield to Memphis, has 13 miles roadbed 
crossing southwest corner of county. Dirt roads profit from natural gravel upon 
surface. 

Churches: — Thayer has six, including Protestant and Catholic; Alton has 
Baptist, Presbyterian and Methodist; Koshkonong two; Thomasville two. 

Schools :^ — Sixty-three districts, seven months' average term. Thayer has 
well equipped ten room preparatory and high school, laboratory and library; 
nine months annual term; Alton school has six rooms, eight months' sessions; 
Thomasville has eight months. 

Springs: — County is famous therefor. Grand Gulf, a basin 150 feet deep is 
filled with clear spring water; natural bridge stands in foreground. Spring has 
connection with Mammoth Springs in Arkansas. Greer Springs and El Dorado 
Springs are picturesque places where water wells from the earth. 

Fish and Game: — Pike, buffalo, perch, sucker, bass and goggle eye furnish 
sport. Gigging is popular mode of fishing in clear water of Eleven Points river. 
Deer, wild turkeys, ducks in season and other small game. 

Towns: — Thayer, railroad division, 400 railroad men live here; electric 
lights, telephone, 
city hall, opera 
house; fruit shipping 
point. Alton, county 
seat, farming town; 
Koshkonong, mill 
and fruit shipping 
point; Thomasville, 
farming district. 

Newspapers: — 
Alton South Missou- 
rian, Oregon County 
Democrat; Thayer: 
Oregon County Trib- 
une, Thayer Repub- 
lican; Koshkonong 
Leader. 

Mo. — SO 





OSAGE COUNTY'S VdOi CROP 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



OSAGE is situated upon tlie south banlv of the Missouri river, ninety 
miles west of the city of St. Louis. Its surface is uniformly hilly and 
but thirty-five per cent is cleared of timber. It includes 586 square 
miles of land area, 375,040 acres, of which 137,186 are in cultivable 
condition. Farms number 2,022, embracing of land tillable, timbered 
and for pasture an average of 168.7 acres each, worth in aggregate, $4,319,078. 
Chief surplus products are cattle, wheat, corn, horses, and mules, hogs and hay. 
People are largely native born of foreign parentage. Many farmers have vine- 
yards, from which wine is made for home use and many farm homes are stone or 
brick, of German architecture. 

Population: — White, 13,822; colored, 274; American born, 12,770; foreign 
born, 1,326; total, 14,096. Farm homes owned, 1,638; 
rented, 405; other homes owned, 356; rented, 271; total 
families, 2,670. 

Finance: — County tax, 51 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 34 cents; assessed valuation, 60 per cent of real 
valuation. No county debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Entire acreage was originally timbered. 
White oak, black oak, scrub oak, black-jack and hickory 
predominated. Along the streams individual growth of 
trees was larger, walnut, sugar tree, ash, elm, sycamore 
and Cottonwood. White oak railroad ties and hickory 
hoops and implement handles are made in small way. 
Saw mills are portable, in size commensurate with local 
demands for rough board, hardwood lumber. 

Ikon and Kaolin: — Surface iron ore exists. Car 
load is occasionally shipped to smelter, but not regu- 
larly. Kaolin deposits are found in untouched vastness. 
Land: — Surrounded practically upon three sides by 
the Missouri river and its chief Missouri tributaries, the 
Osage and the Gasconade rivers, the county is notably 
hilly, deep cut by the numerous streams emptying into 
the rivers. Bordering the Missouri river, the hills at- 
tain an extreme height of five hundred feet above ad- 
jacent valleys. Steep blulTs along Osage and Gasconade 
rivers reach four hundred feet. These heights diminish 
toward the center of the county. Sixty-five per cent of 
the land is unimproved and brings $2 to $10 an acre. 
Tracts are each less than a thousand acres. Along the 

)lli)is' Fcviji Hriilfic. Cuxcunnilr I'inf. hii C. F. W'vcUx. 
•ICG 



• 


ACRES 


PROUUCT 


VALUE 


Cotton 


32,4.50 


1,200,685* 


if 354,200 


Wheat 


41,386 


703,. 560 * 


386,960 


Oats 


3,. 506 


115,700* 


30,660 


Hay 


14,093 


23,960 t 


167,720 


Forage 


15,5 


195 t 


975 


Broom Corn 


1 


■lOO t 


15 


Clover Seed 




1,880* 


10,.530 


Tobacco 


Is 


13,600 t 


1.195 


Potatoes 


706 


84,720 * 


27,110 


Vegetables 


645 




33,430 



$1,012,795 



LIVE STOCK. AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


17.164 


$ 462,010 


Horses 


4,022 


261,430 


Mules 


3,323 


232,6)0 


Asses and Jennets 


34 


3,060 


Sheep 


7,734 


23.200 


Swine 


23,939 


239,390 


Chickens 


126,4991 
2,206 [ 

4,847 ,'■ 




Turkeys 
Geese 


.51,300 


Ducks 


1,527 J 




Swarms of Bees 


4.50 


905 


Honey 


15,000 :: 


1,875 


Wool 


32,300 :: 


5,050 


Milk 


1,161,904 §( 


80,610 


Butter 


186,042 X f 


Eggs 


605,870 II 


75,735 


Total 


1 


$1,437,235 



: Pounds. 

Gallons. 



Dozen. 



I'IkiIo ill Iii'diliiiii : l{ 



OSAGE COUNTY. 



4G7 




Missouri river is a narrow strip of bottom land embracing five 
thousand acres, w^orth $75 to $90 an acre. This overflows on an 
average of once in five years. Osage and Gasconade river 
bottom lands average in price $35 to $45. Extreme find- 
ings are at $25 and $75, owing to improvements and 
quality of soil. Many fine stone farm residences are 
located in tlie county. Creek bottoms, narrow, 
are worth $20 to $30 an acre. Where bottoms 
are combined, as in most instances, with 
hill land adjoining, prices for farms tone 
down to $10. Improved hill land aver- 
age, $15 to $20 for the best fj 
Hill land with commercial ti 
ber removed is available at $5. 
Soil in hills is light clay, 
usually rock bearing. The 
earth texture is favorable 
to fruit tree growth and 
wheat. Blue grass grows 
wild upon pastures. Chief 
agricultural product of bot- 
toms is corn. Ninety-five 
per cent of county owned 
by local people. Five per 
cent is held by mineral 
prospectors. Titles are 
perfect. 

Flour, brick and wine are manufactured. Flouring mills are custom ca- 
pacity, except at Bonnots Mill, which exports flour. Brick and wine are made 
upon the ground where used. 

Railroads:— ^Two main lines, St. Louis to Kansas City. Missouri Pacific, 
23.83; Rock Island, 26.92 miles of taxable roadbed. A notable feature of county 
roads is that they represent many miles of gravel, and small streams are crossed 
on stone culverts, built at county expense. Linn, Bonnots Mill, Loosecreek, Cha- 
mois, Westphalia are credited with material aid in road building in their re- 
spective localities. Small barges and steamboats traffic upon the Osage, Gascon- 
ade, and upon the Missouri river from Rocheport to St. Louis. Heavy freight 
hauling and moonlight excursions make profitable business during the summers. 
Fishing axd Hunting: — Many hunting and fishing parties resort along the 

rivers in season. Catfish, 
carp, and some game fish are 
caught; wild turkeys, deer 
and smaller game are plenti- 
ful. 

Towns: — Chamois is the 
largest; located upon the Mis- 
souri Pacific railroad. Linn, 
county seat, inland town. Bon- 
nots Mill, a French settle- 
ment, founded upon the larg- 
est flouring mill of the county. 
Newspapers: —Linn Un- 
terrified Democrat, Osage 
County Republican; Chamois: 
Osage County Enterprise; 
Meta Herald; Belle Star- 
Times; Westphalia Volksblatt. 




i;i IK i'(H)i, 



OZARK 




OZARK is on the Arkansas border; the fifth county east of Missouri's 
west line. The surface is mountainous, embracing 780 square miles, 
or 499,200 acres. Of this 79,085 acres, chiefly in valleys, are improved 
farm lands. Farms number 2,029, thus averaging in size 135.7 acres, 
of an actual value estimated at $1,281,078. 
Population: — White, 12,119; colored, 26; American born, 12,098; foreign 
born, 47; total, 12,145. Farm homes owned, 1,570; rented, 450; other homes 
owned. 111; rented, 136; total families, 2,266. 

TiMnER: — Originally the entii'e surface was covered with a heavy growth of 
white oak, black oak, post oak, hickory, black-jack, walnut and pine. Yellow 
pine was confined to the northeastern one-twentieth portion, where to-day are 
saw mills at Rockl)ridge and Trail. Portable mills are also engaged in the pine 
district, which is as yet little drawn upon. Walnut, which grew upon the val- 
leys, has been largely removed in the land clearing. 
Other timbers are used only locally. Cordwood is had 
for the chopping; rough board lumber at 75 cents to $1 
a hundred feet. 

Zinc and Ikon: — Zinc is mined at Wetherill, loca- 
tion of the Alice Mine, yield of which is hauled by 
wagon to West Plains. Zinc indications are found at 
all points. Mineral prospecting is carried on by farm- 
ers, whose limited capital forbids extensive or deep 
search. Iron ore is found upon the surface. Inaccessi- 
bility of railroad and cheapness of ore prevents its util- 
ization. Fire clay, lead and sand are other minerals 
known to exist undeveloped. 

Land; its Character and Price: — The Ozark 
mountains attain greatest heights and most picturesque 
ruggedness in this section of Missouri. The valleys are 
of the highest agricultural value. The abundance of 
blue stem wild grass makes all useful for stock graz- 
ing. Ninety per cent can be bought for $1.25 to $2.50 
per acre. Farms range from $7.50 to $10 for the 
cleared land, averaging $6 per acre. These are chiefly 
located adjacent to Lick creek, Big North Fork of 
White river. Little North Fork of White river, and their 
tributaries. Everywhere the soil is a dark clay, inter- 
mixed with gravel and sand. The land has three alti- 
tudes; first the valleys, where the soil is darkest and 
of alluvial (;harac1or; secondlv, the hillsides leading up 



OZARK COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


31.539 


788,475 * 


$248,370 


Wheat 


15,031 


165,340 * 


90,935 


Oats 


1,809 


49,7.^0 * 


13,185 


Ihiy 


3,180 


3,9>5 t 


35,32.3 


Forage 


530 


705 t 


3,525 


Broom Corn 


3 


1,650 X 


45 


Clover Seed 




r 80* 


4.50 


Grass Seed 




- 70* 


110 


Cotton 


3,370 


943,600 1 


66,0.50 


Tobacco 


43 


27,9.i0 J 


2,795 


Potatoes 


394 


39,400 * 


13,790 


Vegetables 


200 




12,035 


Total 1 j 


1 $486,615 


LIVE STOCK AND PROD 


UCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBEK | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


15,463 




$ 386,.'j75 


Horses 


3,936 




236,160 


Mules 


1,181 




7'0,8ti0 


Asses and Jennets 


53 




4,770 


Sheep 


T.392 




22,175 


Swine 


22,005 




220,050 


Chickens 


42,6511 






Turkeys 
Geese 


1,055 1 
2,196 ^ 




25,180 


Uucks 


2,481 J 






Swarms of Bees 


358 




790 


Honey 


11,93'. t 
19,400 t 




1.490 


Wool 




3,235 


Milk 


i,:»o,no§) 

^28,643 X i 




76,.590 


Butter 




Eggs 


220,070 II 




27,510 


^Tolal ' -- 1 1 


Si, 075,38.5 


* Bushels. t l^ounds. || Uo 


/en. 


1 Tons. § Gallons. 





I'hiilii ill liriiillnn : I'l 



III! Ili(/liisl I'liinI ill (liiiiii 
4(;s 



Coiliilil St III. 



OZARK COUNTY. 



469 




ARKANSAS 



to table lands, heavily burdened with stone of all sizes and character; thirdly, 
the table lands, porous and almost free from small rocks; and the rugged moun- 
tain tops, stone-bearing and usually heavily timbered. Five hundred thousand 
acres unfenced range supports live stock nine months a year. In product total 
cattle, corn, horses and hogs lead; cotton is a leading crop. 

Churches: — There are fifteen church buildings: Methodist and Christian at 
Gainesville; Union churches at Bakersfield, Thornfield and Romance. The other 
edifices are located at various crossroads. Nearly every school house in the 
county is used for religious service. 

Transportation: — The Frisco railroad touches within twelve miles of the 
northeast corner and the White River Route Missouri Pacific within eight miles 
of the southwest corner. Daily mail hack plies between West Plains, on the 
Frisco railroad, and Gainesville, 47 miles distant. 

Springs: — Hodson Mill Spring; Double Spring at Lonsdale; Bratton Spring, 
near Isabella, and Rock Bridge Spring, are among the largest. Creeks are largely 
supplied by springs of countless numbers. 

Manufactories: — Grain mills, cotton gins and saw mills. Flour is made at 
Gainesville, Lutie, Theodosia, Thornfield, Rockbridge, Dora, Sycamore, and 
Bakersfield. Cotton gins are at Gainesville, Theodosia, Sycamore; two at Bakers- 
field and at crossroad postoffices. 

Fish and Game: — Bryant's creek and North Fork of White river afford abun- 
dance of jacksalmon, suckers, buffalo, drum, catfish. Wild turkeys, deer, quail, 

rabbits, squirrels are plentiful, 
and duck shooting, in season, is 
unsurpassed. 

Towns: — Gainesville, county 
seat; Bakersfield, Theodosia, are 
all inland towns, supported by 
farming. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 
cents; school tax, from 25 cents 
to 50 cents; average, 40 cents; 
lotal assessed valuation, $1,344,- 
i;73; assessed valuation per cent 
of real value, 50; county debt, 
$500; no township debt. 

Newspapers: — Gainesville: 
Ozark County Times; Ozark 
County News; Bakersfield Boom- 
erang. 




OZAIIK CorMV WAIIi; MILLS. 



■^Y«a^ 





-^ImiSr^ 







4 ' 


^ ^ « 


^ 


*J. 


THI^i^ 


^-*^, ';—f-^-- ■ 


.^- 




-^ 





PBMISCOT 



PEMISCOT COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



MOST southeastern of Missouri's counties is Pemiscot. It is entirely 
lowland in character, five-sixths timbered, striding for agricultural 
position. Soil is alluvial, deposits of the Mississippi river. Indi- 
vidual timber growth is large and forest dense. Cypress trees 
attain twelve feet in diameter^ and cottonwood ten to twelve feet. Lakes 
existed; within two years the largest of these has been drained and has yielded 
sixty-five to one hundred bushels of corn to the acre. Alfalfa crop records are 
more striking. Four to six tons of hay are harvested annually after the first 
year. Cotton product aggregates a quarter of million dollars annually. Gins, 
cotton seed oil mills, and timber product plants are of largest proportion. 
Caruthersville High School is among the best in Missouri. It is approved by 
the University of Missouri. County contains 480 square miles of surface, 
307,200 acres, of which 47,361 are in cultivation. Farms 
number 1,201, average size 71.5 acres, estimated actual 
value, $3,058,897. 

Population: — White, 11,253; colored, 862; Ameri- 
can born, 12,048; foreign born, 67; total 12,115. Farm 
homes owned, 462; rented, 729; other homes owned, 
577; rented, 652; total families, 2,420. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 10 cents to $1.30; avei'age, 66 
2-3 cents; total assessed valuation, $3,344,288; 65 per 
cent of actual valuation; county debt, $8,000; no town- 
ship debt. 

Timber: — Sycamore, cottonwood, red gumwood, wal- 
nut, ash, red oak, overcup oak, cypress. P^'our-fifths of 
acreage has been log cut; twenty thousand acres have 
been deadened. Estimated that mills are making 250,- 
000 feet of lumber weekly from Pemiscot land. In 
south of county, east of bayou, where forest was 
densest, land averaged 8,000 feet cottonwood acre yield, 
in addition to other timbers. Local mills have capaci- 
ties of 25,000 to 40,000 feet of soft wood daily. 

Land: — Level, protected from river by levee ex- 
tending along entire river front. To carry away water 
from hills inland ditches have been constructed west 
and southwest from a point between Hayward and 
Stewarts to Elk Chute, thence southwesterly into Lit- 
tle river which flows into St. Francis river. No 
PIiolos in li((iiliii(/: Alfalfa, Second Crop, Third Year, Carulhcrsrillr : One llinidnil 
mid One Cny l,ii(ids iif Luinhcr on One Haft. 





ACKES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


25,480 


764,400 * 


% 286,650 


Wheat 


0,620 


113,540* 


66,400 


Oats 


68 


2,175* 


725 


Hay 


515 


900 t 


11,2.50 


Foriige 


440 


515 t 


2,575 


Cotton 


8,685 


3,256,875 t 
4,260 t 


144,205 


Tobacco 


6 


425 


Potatoes 


131 


13,100 * 


6,290 


Vegetables 


190 




11,170 



*629,T50 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 




PEMISCOT COUNTY 



471 



COUNTY 




ditches in extreme west and northwest, 
where water stands generally during Jan- 
uary, February and March. Three drain- 
age districts have organized to ditch 
through central part of county, which will 
drain practically all now undrained, ex- 
cepting the extreme northwest. Cost de- 
frayed through taxation system covering 
twenty years. Settlements are principally 
surrounding Caruthersville and Hayti and 
upon waterways. Estimated that less than 
five per cent of county is waste land. Tim- 
ber land, representing four-fifths of area, 
is selling at $10 to $20 an acre. One-fifth 
in cultivation sells at $30 to $40. Small 
acreage of it away from market may be 
had at $25; some immediately touching 
Caruthersville will reach $100; at Hayti, 
$90. Soil is rich, alluvial, seldom contain- 
ing too much sand. A good farm house 
costs $250, made of native lumber. Per- 
haps 60,000 acres of land are owned by for- 
eign corporations and co-partnerships, 
holding for sure advance in prices. 

Manufactures: Timber and cotton 
are the basis of manufactures. Timber ~~~~~" ' 

for hoops, staves, barrel heads and other such interests will be plentiful for 
twenty years. Much timber is being destroyed in order to make land agricul- 
turally available. At Caruthersville a mill gins cotton and utilizes seeds in 
oil making. 

Transportation: — Railroads: Frisco control: St. Louis, Memphis & South- 
western, 41.89; St. Louis & Gulf, 25.78 miles. Lee Line Steamers. 

Towns: — Caruthersville, county seat; Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, 
Holiness and Catholic churches; two stave factories; heading plant: planing 
mill; cotton seed oil mill; money center for saw mills, paying $100,000 a month; 
electric lights; ice plant, cold storage, waterworks, wholesale hardware and 
saddle house; whole- 
sale grocery; annual | 
livestock and agri- <' , 

cultural fair. Hayti, 
railroad junction and 
division end; mill 
town, stave factory. 
Pascola, Holland and 
Steele are mill towns. 
Water : — Wells 
are driven gaspipe 
with pump attached. 
Water is iron flavor. 
One lake remains. 
Big Lake at Gayoso, 
1,400 acres. Caruth- 
ersville Hunting and 
Fishing Club of 20 
years have Big Lake 
under lease, build- 
ing club house. 

Newspapers : — Ca- 
ruthersville Press, 
Democrat; Hayti Ar- 
gus. 




LOG LOAUER at work. 



.-fit 




PBRRY 



.•1^ 



PERRY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels, 
t Tons. 



PERRY borders upon the Mississippi river, sixty miles south of the city 
of St. Louis. Originally its 436 square miles of land surface were 
one vast forest of oaks and walnut and willow and gum, with an 
occasional cottonwood tree and eight hundred acres in the south- 
west largely bearing yellow pine. At the present time 139,945 acres 
are under cultivation. Agriculture, timber and minerals are bases for county 
commerce and industrial pursuit. Popcorn growing is an agricultural feature. 
Corn, wheat, hay, oats and potatoes are leading crops of farms which number 
1,936, and are of an average size of 133.9 acres. Estimated actual valuation of 
farms $3,629,938. Lithographic stone is a valuable mineral deposit, found in 
thicknesses varying from two inches to a foot. Eastern edge of Perry county is 
generally Mississippi river bottom bounded by bluffs. The central portion is 
rolling and the west and southeast localities are rough. 
Silver Lake, situated in the west side of the county. 
Lithium Spring, in the north and Schenmer mineral 
springs, in the south, are points frequented by pleas- 
ure seekers. 

Population: — White, 14,694; colored, 440; Ameri- 
can born, 14,279; foreign born, 855; total, 15,134. Farm 
homes owned, 1,496; rented, 429; other homes owned, 
590; rented, 389; total families, 2,904. 

Finance: — County tax 37i/4 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax average 40 cents; total assessed 
valuation, $3,308,770; assessed valuation per cent of 
actual valuation, 40 cents; no county nor township 
debt. 

Timber: — Black oak, white oak, gumwood, wal- 
nut, post oak, hickory, pecan, willow and pine are the 
timbers indigenous. Present acreage 139,095. Black 
oak occurs to extent of forty per cent; white oak, 
twenty per cent; black gum, three per cent; 500 to 
1,000 acres of pine. 

Minerals: — Lithographing stone, silica, iron, lead, 
copper, building stone are deposited. Lead mines are 
found in center of county, near Perryville. Lead in- 
dications in eastern and extreme western portions are 
very promising. County borders on the west the fa- 
mous southeast Missouri lead mining district. Build- 





ACKES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


26,858 


872,875 * 


$ 327,330 


W heat 


51,919 


994,317* 


586,645 


Oats 


5,019 


125,475 * 


41,825 


Hay 


8,889 


13,335 t 


146,685 


Forage 


2,335 


2,725 t 


13,625 


Broom Corn 


7 


3,500 t 


95 


Clover Seed 




1,300* 


7,150 


Grass Seed 




10* 


20 


Tobacco 


15 


10,6.50 t 


1,065 


Potatoes 


564 


56,400 * 


27,070 


Vegetables 


305 




19,050 



I $ 1.170,.';60 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



NUMBER I VALUE 



Cattle 


11,158 


$ 278,950 


Horses 


4,331 


259.860 


Mules 


2,517 


176,1!)0 


Asses and Jennets 


27 


2,430 


Sheep 


7.651 


22,953 


Swine 


38,461 


384,620 


Chickens 


106,206 "1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


2,743 ', 
2,<l40 f 


66,965 


Ducks 


1,320 ) 




Swarms of Bees 


779 


1,445 


Honey 


35,967 
.35,000: 


3,246 


Wool 


5,833 


Milk 


1,168,984 ( 


92,085 


Hutter 


187,218 ( 


Kggs 


684,520 II 


73,065 



I $ 1,267,642 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons 



Dozen. 



Photo in heading: Perry County Scenes. 



472 



PERRY COUNTY. 



47^ 




iug stoue is abuudant in central section 
Iron was once mined, but operations were 
discontinued owing to low price of pro 
duct. Ten miles west of Perryville is 
a fine ledge of lithographic stone ly- 
ing in stratified beds. Zinc indica 
tions are near Silver Lake. 

Lands — There is much more 
first class farming land in Perry 
county than is shown in the 
cultivated acreage. Bottoms 
are of the traditional Mis- 
sissippi valley fertility 
and the uplands extend 
ing back from the river 
bluffs are likewise 
productive. County 
in western and south- 
eastern parts is 
rugged ; the central 
is rolling. Best im- 
proved lands are adjacent to the Mississippi. Best uplands are in the central 
part in a belt extending north to south. Farms are here well improved. Best 
improved lands sell at $75 to $100 an acre; interior bottom land at $40 to $50; 
best improved uplands in central part also $40 to $50; few central section farms 
may be found at $25 to $30. In the southern part improved and unimproved 
will range from $8 to $12; and in the west end and southeast corner from $1.25 
to $5 an acre. Government land, 461 acres. 

Fruit Land: — Adaptability of land to fruit growing deserves attention. 
Practically the entire county may be thus described. Apples, peaches, straw- 
berries, grapes, pears and all small fruits; fine soil; climate and transportation 
favorable. 

Manufactories: — Saw mill, flouring mills, distilleries, carding machines, 
creameries, brickyards, soda water factory, broom factory, wine press and ice 
plant. 

Transportation: — Frisco main line, St. Louis to Memphis; Chester, Perry- 
ville & Ste. Genevieve, from Perryville to West Chester. Mississippi river traffic 
in heavy freight is an important item of transportation. There are one hun- 
dred miles of gravel roads for wagon. 

Towns: — Perryville, county seat, population 1,275; has flouring mill, plan- 
ing mill, brick and wagon factories and soda water plant; leading interests are 
agricultural and mining. Altenburg, population 222, has creamery; Clary ville, 
Mississippi boat shipping point; Wittenburg, river shipping point; Longtown, 
farming; Perryville, farming; Lithium, seat of lithium water well, pleasure re- 
sort and agriculture; Silver Lake, Belgique, Crosstown, Brewerville, Brazeau, 
Frohna, Yount, Uniontown, Serens, Highland, Biehle. 

Newspapers: — Perryville: Perry County Sun; Perry County Republican. 




PETTIS 




PETTIS COUNTY'S I90i CROP 



Total 



Total _ 
* Bushels. 



IN attest of the resouixes ox Pettis county, twenty miles south of the Mis- 
souri river and forty-five miles east of Kansas, Missouri has established 
within its borders the annual State Fair. Pettis is especially noted for 
live stock. Some of the best known breeders in the State are here lo- 
cated, where lay of land and soil and transportation and climate are 
suited to the needs of the stockman. General agriculture claims the county. 
The leading crop is corn, this product amounting to almost two million dol- 
lars' worth annually. Cattle, horses and mules and hogs account for something 
over two million dollars to the farmers. There are 688 square miles of 
land, 440,320 acres, of which 344,809 acres are included in improved farms. 
Land is undulating. Farms number 2,935, of an average size of 139.2 acres, 
worth according to actual selling prices, $13,975,770. 
Sedalia, chief town and county seat of Pettis county, is 
a railroad center of prominence and is the location of 
the shops of the Missouri Pacific railroad. 

Population: — White, 29,541; colored, 2,897; Amer- 
ican born, 30,891; foreign born, 1,547; total, 32,438. 
Farm homes owned, 1,930; rented, 949; other homes 
owned, 2,099; rented, 2,142; total families, 7,128. 

Finance: — County tax: general revenue, 60 cents, 
road tax, 20 cents on one hundred dollars' valuation; 
school tax, 20 cents to $1.35, average, 50 cents; total 
assessed valuation, $12,226,800; assessed valuation per 
cent of actual valuation, 50 cents; county debt, $225,- 
000; no township debt. 

Timber: — Formerly covered in the aggregate 45,- 

000 acres, adjoining the streams and bounding bluffs. 

There is no commercial timber, excepting for local 

firewood and rough board purposes. Species found 

were oak, hickory, walnut, sycamore, elm, cottonwood. 

Minerals:— Practically all land is underlaid with 

limestone, and usually that formation is found within 

twenty or thirty feet of surface. In the western and 

northwestern portions coal underlies the surface and 

these measures bear deposits of shales and fire clays. 

A few small coal mines supply neighborhood need, but 

since 3 899 no coal has been exported. 

U ///(' Missouri t^tatc Fuif, Scdaiin ; I'cttis Couitlii Couil House. 

474 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


124,802 


5,491, w88* 


$1,915,930 


Wheat 


27,127 


678,175 * 


373,995 


Oats 


9,951 


447,795* 


118,665 


Hay 


40,5.-38 


64,860 t 


356,730 


F"orage 


5.325 


6,530 t 


32,650 


Flax 


3,277 


19,662 * 


20,0.i5 


Broom Corn 


319 


159,500 t 


4,385 


Clover Seed 




730* 


4,090 


Grass Seed 




;i,900 * 


7,020 


Tobacco 


26 


18,200 t 


1.730 


Potatoes 


1,124 


140,120* 


46,760 


Vegetables 


1,450 




76,120 



I 82,957,130 



LIVESTOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NU.MBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


39.841 


§1,294,832 


Horses 


12,030 


793,980 


Mules 


3,902 


292,650 


Asses and Jennets 


1.55 


17,050 


Sheep 


6,295 


18,885 


Swine 


46,820 


468,200 


( hickens 


103,1731 




i urkeys 
Cieese 


5,774 I 
3,283 f 


142,610 


Ducks 


1,990 J 




Swarms of Bees 


1,921 


5,600 


Honey 


64,033 t 
23.760 I 


8,005 


Wool 


3,960 


Milk 
Butter 


3,016,165 § ( 
593,069 t \ 


246,860 


Eggs 


934,010 II 


116,760 



I 

I Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



$3,409,382 



Dozens. 



I'liuios in litadiiKj : 



PETTIS COUNTY. 



475 




Land: — Generally high, undulating, 
fertile prairie lands, interspersed by 
small meandering streams, fringed with 
wooded bottoms and bluffs sometimes 
reaching a thirty foot altitude. There are 
three general divisions of soil. One-half 
of the county is dark red limestone clay 
common to Ozark border; the northern 
part is brown loam of loess character; 
and a strip along the western edge is a 
sandy clay loam. The creek bottoms are 
alluvium, black in color and endless in 
depth. Farms are well improved. The 
latest type of farm machinery is used. 
Windmills are seen on every farm. With- 
in the last two years there has been a re- 
newed influx of farmers. Many farms 
have brought $60 to $65; more have 
brought $40 to $45 an acre. The aver- 
age price is $50. Some of the fine farm 
homes near Sedalia may not be bought 
at any reasonable figure. Cheapest land 
in the county is $25 an acre. 

Fruit: — All orchard and garden fruits 
and berries are grown for the local mar- 
ket. Individual fruit is of superior size 

and quality. All except along part of the western border is eminently adapted 
to fruit. The south half lays claim to the Ozark merits in fruit culture and the 
north portion of the county is silt formation, unsurpassed in value for fruit 
growing. 

Manufactories: — Railroad interests comprise the manufacturing. The main 
western shops of the Missouri Pacific have recently been located at Sedalia. 

State Fair: — Established five years ago on 150-acre tract adjoining Sedalia. 
Valuation of property, $200,000. Annual fairs are held in late summer under 
management of State Board of Agriculture to the encouragement of stock rais- 
ing, general farming and other industrial pursuits. 

Transportation :' — Missouri Pacific main line and two branches, and main 
line of Missouri, Kansas & Texas have ninety miles of roadbed taxable. All 
enter Sedalia. There are 14 miles of graveled wagon roads leading into the 
county seat. 

Public Schools: — Outside Sedalia, county seat, there are 110 public schools, 
102 for white and 8 for negro children. Total enrollment of school age persons 
outside Sedalia is 3,991 and in Sedalia 3,029. 

Mail Service: — Twenty post offices in county and 17 rural free delivery 
routes. 

Towns: — Sedalia, population 15,231; 
Smithton, 420; Lamonte, 637; Green- 
ridge, 298; Houstonia, 207; Dresden, 
Georgetown, Hughesville, Longwood 
Beaman, Camp Branch, Ionia City, and 
Dumpville. Each is center of trade and 
social intercourse for its district. 

Newspapers:- — Sedalia: Democrat, 
Bazoo, Capital, Sentinel, Rosa Pearl's 
Paper, Journal, Harmony Baptist, Times, 
Conservator, Ruralist; Lamonte Record; 
Greenridge Local News; Smithton Sun- 
beam; Houstonia Spectator. 

l.OIil) I'UKMIKI!, .')()()() 1. X. U. (iENTUV, SEDALIA. 





j0^ 


W 


^^HH 


HiNiN" ' 




^^H 


r ■ "' 




^^flB 


■i^^ 












PHELPS 



PHELPS COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 

I ACRES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



THE School of Mines and Metallurgy, a department of the University 
of Missouri, is located at Rolla, county seat of Phelps county. It 
is the largest institution in the county. Next to this should come 
farming and then timber employment and mining. The School of 
Mines offers free tuition in four courses leading to degree of Bache- 
lor of Science, as follows: Mining Engineering; Civil Engineering; Chemistry 
and Metallurgy; General Science. It affords library of four thousand volumes, 
covering mines and metallurgy; laboratories and shops in which is complete 
mining machinery for ore concentration. There are eight buildings: Mining 
and Metallurgical, Chemical Laboratory, Gymnasium, Club House, Mechanical, 
and Engineering. Established 1870; student body, 209. Location: Half way 
between St. Louis and Springfield on St. Louis & San Francisco railroad. 

Population: — Nearly one-tenth is foreign born and descendant thereof. 
German settlement at Dillon; French near Dillon, and Italian at Knob View. 
White, 14,009; colored, 185; American born, 13,270; foreign born, 924; total, 
14,194. Farm homes owned, 1,490; rented, 533; other homes owned, 407; rented, 
392; total families, 2,822. 

Finance: — County tax, 45 cents; road tax, 20 
cents; total, 65 cents; school tax average, 52 cents; 
total assessed valuation, $3,170,944; improved lands 
are assessed at one-third value; wild land at $1.25 an 
acre; county debt $6,000; no township debt. 

Timber: — All but eight thousand acres was a forest 
of white, black and post oak, black-jack, sycamore, wal- 
nut, hickory, wild cherry, and ash. Growth generally 
less than one foot in diameter. Railroad ties have con- 
sumed one-fourth of commercial size white oak. Cord 
wood, $2.50; hardwood lumber, $1.40 per hundred. 
Mills are all portable. 

Minerals: — Pyrites of iron, iron ore, tiff and lead 
have been shipped. Iron ore is abundant in east half; 
mineral findings have always been pockets. Limestone 
and sandstone plentiful; unused. Onyx abounds in 
caves near Newburg. Kaolin, found adjacent to rail- 
road between Rolla and St. James, is only mineral com- 
mercially developed. Asphaltum is claimed. 

Land: — County area, 640 square miles, 409,600 
acres, of which 106,241 are improved. Farms number 
2,013; average size, 126.3 acres; aggregate value, $2,- 
274,100. Free grass range encourages stock growing, 
hence cattle are the chief farm export. Scarce one- 
third is under fence. This portion is plow, orchard, 
and pasture land. Topographically the county is hilly, 
in some places long, rolling; ofttimes precipitous; but 



Corn 


29,996 


899,880 * 


f 265,465 


Wheat 


14,062 


210,910 * 


116,010 


Oats 


4,594 


114,850* 


30,435 


Hay 


15,.5r3 


33,360 t 


180,880 


Forage 


555 


695 t 


3,475 


Broom Corn 


6 


3,000 t 


85 


Clover Seed 




80* 


450 


Grass Seed 




.50* 


90 


Tobacco 


14 


9,800 t 


930 


Potatoes 


432 


51,810* 


16,599 


Vegetables 


370 




19,250 



I 639,660 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


14,74(i 


$ 308,650 


Horses 


4,3^3 


2.59,380 


Mules 


1,.528 


99,.320 


Asses and Jennets 


37 


3,330 


Sheep 


8,181 


24,540 


Swine 


19.995 


199,950 


Chickens 


97,013 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


2,261 ; 
3,010 ( 


53,305 


Ducks 


2,326 J 




Swarms of Bees 


604 


1,600 


Honey 


20,133: 
23,1.50 : 


2,515 


Vl^ool 


3.690 


Milk 


1,201.8.50 § ( 


110,125 


Butter 


187,792 t \ 


Eggs 


518.750 II 


64,815 



_J 

^ Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



J $ 1,19 1.310 

Dozen. 



I'liolo ill liiiidhui : Dry Fork Viillcy. 



47f> 



PHELPS COUNTY. 



477 



always high. Most productive farm lands are valleys of the Gasconade and 
Little Piney rivers, Dry Pork of Meramec and Bourbeuse rivers and their 
many tributaries. Soil is alluvial, ranging from black to tan. Uplands are 
clay, flint rock bearing. Prices: One-third at $10; one-third at $20; one- 
fifteenth at $40 to $50; latter being in vicinity of Rolla and St. James. Wild 
lands compose two-thirds of the county and sell 
at $2.50 to $7.50, owing to timber, mineral pros- 
pects or proximity to railroad. Nine-tenths are 
owned by local individuals and co-partners. 
The representative farmer lives in a com- 




fortable frame house, markets poul- 
try, vegetables, apples, wheat, eggs, 
and ofttimes minerals. Last year 
corn averaged thirty bushels and 
wheat twenty to the acre. 

Flour and railroad ties are 
manufactured. Steam mills are 
located at Rolla, St. James and 
Relfe; water mills at Yancey; Beu- 
lah, and Meramec. Railroad ties 
are made by farmers. 
Transportation: — Frisco railroad, main line, St. Louis to Springfield, 32.58 
miles taxed roadbed in county. 

Schools: — School of Mines and Metallurgy; high schools at Rolla and St. 
James; seventy-seven rural districts, each having from six to nine months school 
a year. 

Meramec Springs: — These mammoth springs 
are situated in Phelps. They are the source of 
Meramec river and promise ultimately to become 
a water supply source for St. Louis. At these 
and the many other springs, numerous camping 
parties spend vacations in summer. Fishing in 
the three rivers. Wild turkej's, quail, and 
squirrels are the chief game. 

Towns:- — Rolla, school town; St. James, lo- 
cation Federal Soldiers' Home of Missouri; both 
centers of farming districts. Newburg is a new 
town, location of Frisco freight division. 

Newspapers: — Rolla Herald-Democrat, New 
Era. Sharpshooter: St. .Tames Journal. 




r^s 




PIKE COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 

I ACRES I PKODUCT | VAI-UE 



Total 



Total 

* I5iishels. 
f Toms. 



LOCATION of the world's greatest nurseries, a center of Portland cement 
manufacture in the west, seat of large lime industry, wholesale lum- 
ber interests, pearl button factories; with a quarter thousand miles of 
turnpike roads; corn and cattle footing two million dollars. Pike 
is one of Missouri's first and most famous counties. It is situated 
upon the Mississippi river, half way between St. Louis and Iowa. Land em- 
braces 620 square miles, 396,800 acres, of which 294,947 acres are in a high state 
of cultivation. Number of farms, 2,873, averaging 138.3 acres each, worth in 
total $9,965,075. 

Population: — White, 21,503; colored, 4,241; American born, 25,231; foreign 
born, 513; total, 25,744. Farm homes owned, 2,102; rented, 809; other homes 
owned, 1,357; rented, 1,592; total families, 5,860. 

Finance: — County tax, 30 cents; school tax, 65 cents to $1.50; average, 38 
cents; total assessed valuation, $8,966,840; forty per cent actual value. No 
county debt; township debt, $63,000. 

Timber:— Walnut, pecan, hickory, ash, elm, oak, 
Cottonwood, formerly covered nine-tenths. Commercial 
size white oak and walnut are nearly exhausted. Other 
species are yet found fringing streams. One tract 
specially preserved amounts to 3,000 aci-es. 

Stone: — Affords a leading occupation. Mississippi 
river bluffs comprise, in never ending supply, stone of 
silica, alumina and carbonate of lime, necessary to ce- 
ment manufacture and lime. White limestone for 
building purposes is also quarried at Love, Annada, 
Busch, Bowling Green, and Frankford. Lime and ce- 
ment plants are at Louisiana, where croppings excel 
both in quantity and natural proportion of composition 
the materials of Lehigh Valley. Mississippi Valley 
Portland Cement Company, capitalized $1,500,000, is in- 
stalling a plant of 5,000 barrel daily capacity, to require 
one thousand workers. Work began August, 1903; 
plant opens September, 1904. It covers fourteen acres. 
Marble Head Lime Company's plant covers sixty-five 
acres; employs 150 men; eight months' output 115.000 
barrels of lime and 2,000 barrels of cement; established 
1887, with branches at Hannibal, RiH-ingfiold, and Sar- 
coxie, Missouri. 

Lanh: — One-tenth is prairie, stretching west from 
Bowling Green, county seat, and in smaller strips else- 

where. It ranges from $25 to $50. Hough land is found 

Shirk's Xurscrirs^ LoiiiKunifi ; Miirhl( Hcml l.iiiic Ca., fy'iuiniinKi. 
•ITS 



Corn 


86,915 


3,470,600 * 


$1,060,365 


Wheal 


43,772 


1,001), 765* 


604,060 


Oats 


13.280 


698,400 * 


99,600 


H;iy 


38.725 


(15,88r, t 


329,17.^ 


Forage 


3,000 


3,500 t 


17.500 


Flax 


35 


255* 


270 


Broom Corn 


28 


14,000 1 


385 


Clover Seed 




175* 


1,155 


(irass Seed 




670* 


940 


Tobacco 


45 


42,750 t 


3,850 


Potatoes 


.572 


71,500* 


17,875 


Vegetables 


1,215 




68,470 



I 12,203,645 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 




.•!2.989 


$1,072,140 


Hoises 




1 1 ,895 


793,000 


Mules 




3,3i4 


250,0.50 


Asses and Jennels 


191 


19,100 


Slieep 




21,100 


63,300 


Swine 




44,0;0 


440,700 


Chickens 




172,000 1 




Turkeys 




8.143 ^ 


170,155 


Geese 




5,990 f 


Ducks 




2,281 J 




Swarms 


)f Bees 


3,0(;» 


7.365 


Honey 




102,133 i 


12. '65 


Wool 




73,709 J 


13,285 


Milk 




2,714,706 § 1 


195,311) 


duller 




465,253 1 1 


Kg«s 




889.020 II 


lll,l:.'5 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



I $3,147,920 

Dozen. 



I'liolo.s ill hi'iidh 



PIKE COUNTY. 



479 



along the Mississippi rivfer bluffs and in 
extreme southwestern corner. Land of 
this character embraces one-fourth 
and brings $15 to $25. Bottom 
land along the small streams 
and second bottom of the 
Mississippi river brings 
$45 to $50. In a few de- 
sirable localities, 
where farms are 
second bottom, 
highly im- 
proved, es- 
pecially 
near 




Annada, as much as $100 is asked. First 
bottom land, subject to overflow, brings as 
low as $30, the best of it $35. Balance of 
county area, embracing one-half, is hill land 
of gradual and long slope, all-round crop 
land, and favorable to fruit tree growth. Soil is brown silt, clay undersoil, and 
land brings $35 to $50. Blue grass is indigenous. Bottom land soil is heavy 
black alluvial in character. 

Nurseries: — In loess lands which border the Mississippi limestone bluffs are 
located the Stark Nurseries, largest in the world. Offices employ 100 men; field, 
650 men; road, 6,000 men. At Louisiana the company owns 850 acres and at 
Starkdale, close by, 3,000, where apple and peach tree nurture is emphasized. En- 
terprise established 1825; capitalization, $1,000,000; territory covered by sales- 
men: United States, India, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Corea and China. 
Pearl Buttons: — Are made from mussel shells obtained from the Missis- 
sippi river. Nord-Buffum Pearl Button Company's output: sixteen hundred gross 
daily. One hundred people are employed; fifty blank cut machines and propor- 
tionate finishing machines. 

Other leading commercial activities are wholesale lumber yard, of LaCrosse 
Lumber Company, head of a syndicate of twenty-two yards in Missouri. Sash 
and door factory, putting out $100,000 annual product; Buffum Telephone Com- 
pany, operating 500 miles of toll lines in Missouri; flouring mill, saw mill, steam 
laundry, at Louisiana; vinegar factory, flouring mill, at Clarksville; water bot- 
tling plant at Bowling Green; flouring mill at Prankford; powder plant, employ- 
ing 700 men, at Lamotte. 

Railroads: — Main line Chicago & Alton, Kansas City to Chicago and St. 
Louis; Burlington to St. Louis; St. Louis & Hannibal. Louisiana is on the St. 
Louis freight rate. 

Turnpike Roads: — Builded forty years ago, maintained by toll, connect all 
towns. Bridges, steel and wood; rate of toll, one cent single and one and one- 
half cent double teams per mile. 

Schools:— Pike College, at Bowling Green; College at Paynesville; Louisi- 
ana High School. At crossroads, four miles northwest of Louisiana, churches 
occupy three corners. 

Towns: — Louisiana and Bowling Green are chief with modern lighting 
and sanitation equipment. Clarksville, Frankford, Eolia, Annada, Curryville. 

Newspapers: — Louisiana Times, News, Press-Journal, Herald.; Clarksville 
Banner; Bowling Green Post, Times; Frankford Chronicle; Eolia Voice. 







PLATTE COUNTY'S li:02 CROP 



I ACRES I PKODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



Total 
Bushels. 

Tons. 



EITHER its geographical location, character of soil or schools would en- 
title Platte to a place among Missouri's leading counties. All these 
and other elements enter in its description. The county lies between 
two large cities. It is adjacent to Kansas City on the south and its 
northern boundary line is within twenty miles of St. Joseph. It is 
bounded on the west and south by the Missouri river, and Platte river flows 
through the center north to south, their bottoms combining a large portion of 
alluvial lands, bounded by bluffs of loess character, which recede into hill land 
and prairie. Park College, at Parkville, is one of the oldest and best educational 
institutions in the west, under Presbyterian auspices. It is a member of the 
Missouri College Union. Its course covers eight years' work. Owned by this in- 
stitution is a large farm upon which students desiring financial aid may work in 
return for all expenses. Blue grass is indigenous to all 
soils of the county. Originally hard and soft maple 
trees grew wild and the county thus came to have a 
unique reputation for maple sugar. 

Population: — White, 15,098; colored, 1,095; Amer- 
ican born, 15,821; foreign born, 372; total, 16,193: 
Farm homes owned, 1,369; rented, 646; other homes 
owned, 748; rented, 705; total families, 3,468. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 20 cents to $1.30; average, 46 
cents; total assessed valuation, $7,018,843; assessed 
valuation per cent of actual valuation, 33 1-3; county 
debt, $16,000; no township debt. 

Timber: — The present approximate area of timber 
is twenty square miles. It is in small scattering 
patches along the bluffs. It consists of black oak, elm, 
hickory, hackberry, linn and hard and soft maples. All 
large growth trees are found especially preserved for 
pasture shade. 

Minerals: — None developed, but the larger por- 
tion of the county, if not its entirety, is underlaid with 
coal. Platte county coal is taken from shafts in Kan- 
sas through tunnels underlying the bed of the Missouri 
river. It is soft coal, of unusually fine quality. 

Land:— Platte county contains 410 square miles of 
land surface, equal to 262,400 acres, of which 182,567 
are under cultivation. There are 2,042 farms, of an 



Corn 


7(1,820 


3,328,540 * 


81,018,490 


Wheat 


51,789 


983,990 * 


565,795 


Oats 


3,-J56 


107,448 * 


27,935 


Hay 


12,777 


23,000 t 


181,000 


Forage 


2,195 


2,925 t 


14,625 


Broom Corn 


1 


550 t 


ll 


Clover Seed 




410* 


2,2.^5 


Grass Seed 




270* 


420 


Tobacco 


64 


57,600 t 


5,760 


Potatoes 


877 


131,550* 


31,570 


Vegetables 


910 




40,910 



II 1.921.775 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


1 NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 




25,704 


H 833,380 


Horses 




9,129 


608.(UlO 


Mules 




3,890 


216,7.50 


Asses and Jenne's 


94 


9,400 


Sheep 




6,764 


22,r)45 


Swine 




62.134 


621,340 


Chickens 




141,382 l 




Turkeys 
Geese 




4,603 1 
2,814 i 


115,.575 


Ducks 




1,408 J 




Swarms < 


)£ Bees 


1,866 


4,850 


Honey 




62,200 t 
28.950 I 


7.775 


Wool 




4,830 


Milk 




2.047,203 § ( 


136,.510 


Butter 




336,586 X i 


Eggs 




828,240 II 


103,530 



L 

t Pounds, 
§ Gallons. 



I * 2,687,085 



Dozen. 



rhdtos in lirmliiifi : I'liilti Cniiulii Fiiriu ;'( chcs". 

ISO 



PLATTE COUNTY. 



481 



average size of 128 acres, of an 
actual valuation of $9,454,500. The 
largest farm crop is corn, products 
of which annually exceed a million 
dollars. The larger portion of this crop 
is grown in the bottoms of Missouri and 
Platte rivers where the soil is of unlim- 
ited depth, black and alluvial. Somewhat 
exceeding the river bottom land in extent is 
the long rolling hill land. Prairie is found. 
There is no difference in valuation of the threii 
characters of land, all things else, including loca- 
tion and improvements, being equal. Good tillable 
and pasture lands, well improved as to buildings and 
fences, $50 to $70 an acre. Finely improved farms, 
representing sixty per cent of the county, sell at $75 to 
$100 an acre. Along the silt land bluffs a small acreage 
is available at $30 to $45. 

Manufactures: — One canning factory, two distilleries, 
making whiskies and brandies, and five flouring mills. 

Transportation: — Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs, 
40 miles of railroad; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 36 miles; 
Chicago, Great Western, 14 miles in county. Direct service into 
Kansas City and St. Joseph. Turnpike roads, 12 miles. Dirt roads, 
well graded and otherwise improved, 665 miles. 

Banks: — Eight State and one private bank with a total capitalization and 
surplus of $215,300, and deposits amounting to $1,272,718.34. 

Mineral Springs: — In the southeastern part of the county are located arte- 
sian springs of chalybeate waters, similar to one of the wells at Excelsior Springs 
in adjoining county. Clay. 

Fishing: — Bean Lake, Sugar Lake and Horseshoe Lake are well stocked 
with bass, crappie, and perch. In the summer the lake parks are the resorts of 
fishing parties and picnics. In season duck shooting is a sport afforded by the^e 
lakes. 

Towns: — Weston, population 1,019; Parkville, 931; Platte City, 744; Dear- 
born, Edgerton, Waldron, latan, Beverly, New Market. All these towns are sup- 
ported purely by agricultural interests, excepting Parkville, which is the seat of 
Park College, and Platte City, county seat. 

Newspapers: — Platte City Landmark, Argus; Dearborn Democrat; Weston 
Chronicle; Parkville Gazette; Edgerton Journal; Camden Point Home Bee. 





where hemp has gh'en way to hay. 








J-^^W 



WQ^. 




OLK encompasses six hundred and forty square miles of land surface. It 
is three counties north of Arkansas and is the third east of Kansas. 
Three-fourths of its area is developed horticulturally or agricult- 
urally. Within these industrial confines, it is of general utility. Corn, 
wheat, hay, apples, cattle, horses, hogs, and poultry are staple pro- 
ducts. Schools are a worthy feature. There are two high schools, two colleges, 
and the county school fund at present aggregates $64,000. County acreage, 409,- 
600, of which 234,426 acres are cultivated. Farms in number are 3,673; average 
size, 98.2 acres, worth in aggregate, $4,232,270. 

Population: — White, 23,070; colored, 185; American born, 23,096; foreign 
born, 159; total, 23,255. Farm homes owned, 2,541; rented, 1,116; other homes 
owned, 689; rented, 489; total families, 4,835. Near Karlin is a small settlement 
of Bohemians, with a sprinkling of Germans. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on the one hundred 
dollars; school tax, five cents to $1.40; average, 35 
cents; assessed valuation, $4,827,671; assessed valua- 
ation per cent of real valuation, 50; no county debt; 
no township debt. 

Timber: — Two-thirds of Polk county's surface was 
once timber covered. Seven-ninths thereof is now 
cleared. Small, portable mills supply hardwood, rough 
lumber for local demand, at $1.50 per hundred feet. 
Cordwood, $2.25, price indicating abundance. There are 
some floating Indications of jack and lead. There has 
been no deep prospecting. Tiff is plentiful; not com- 
mercially mined. 

Land: — The lay of the land is gently rolling, ex- 
cept for breaks of Pomme de Terre, Sac rivers; Wilson, 
Shules, Deer, Hominy, Dry Fork, O'Possum, McKin- 
ney's creeks. Average altitude is 1,050 feet and fully 
one-third of the county is prairie, three large and count- 
less smaller ones. Main prairies are centered at Hu- 
mansville, in the northwest corner; Bolivar, in exact 
center; and Half Way, upon the east side. Soil is 
widely diversified. A soil peculiar to this section is of 
a red color; predominates in quantity and is pre-emi- 
nently adapted to wheat growing. Last year a field 
near Bolivar produced 41^4 bushels of wheat to the 
acre. Tobacco, oats, corn, and vegetables are also 

111 Pomiiic (Ic Tcrrc River BoUoin. 
4S2 



POLK COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


■; 4,9(5 


3,174,275* 


* 684,895 


Wheat 


a;i,884 


.567,195 * 


311,955 


Oais 


13,898 


486,430 * 


128,905 


Hay 


27,140 


43,425 t 


282,265 


Forage 


2,400 


3,200 t 


16,000 


Flax 


75 


300* 


310 


Broom Corn 


60 


33,000 X 


915 


Clover Seed 




30* 


ITO 


Grass Seed 




500* 


800 


Tobacco 


49 


31,850 t 


3,185 


Potatoes 


8.57 


81,415* 


28,495 


Vegetables 


1,850 




63,755 


Total 1 1 


1 $1,521,650 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


23,528 




S 647,020 


Horses 


12,537 




81 l,90r, 


Mules 


2,760 




193,200 


Asses and Jennets 


83 




7,470 


Sheep 


12,683 




28,050 


Swine 


.32,920 




329,200 


Chickens 


196,184" 






Turkeys 
Geese 


7,853 1 
5,699 / 




130,070 


Ducks 


2,969 J 






Swarms of Bees 


1,489 




4,323 


Honey 


49,633 ; 
46,650: 




6,204 


Wool 




7,775 


Milk 


2,611,260 § ( 




U9.2G5 


Butter 


5-^8,837 X \ 




Eggs 


928,640 II 




116,080 


Total 1 1 


$2,444,462 


* Bushels. t f'ounds. || Do/ 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





I'hoto in luuiUng 



POLK COUNTY. 



483 



favored of this soil. River and 
creek bottoms are black alluvial 
formation, once covered vi^ith heavy 
growth of linden, cottonwood, syca- 
more, box elder, mulberry, and paw- 
paw patches. Corn is the chief crop. 
Prairies range from black to ashy 
color and are best adapted to grass. 
All soils and land-lays are adapted 
to apple culture. One-third of farms 
are selling at $35 to $45 an acre; 
one-third at $20 to $30; one-fourth 
at $5 to $15, and the remaining one- 
twelfth, in vicinities of Humans- 
ville, Bolivar, Half-way, and Fair- 
play, at $45 to $55. County is long 
settled and farm improvements are 
better than the section's average. 

Manufactukes : — Are of a size 
commensurate with local needs. 
Brick, wagons, creamery products, 
native hardwood lumber are made. 
A bottling works at Bolivar and can- 
ning factories at Bolivar and Fair- 
play. 

Transportation: — Frisco rail- " 

road operates two lines north and 

south through county, connecting with Kansas City and Springfield, 
age, 65.41 taxed roadbed. 

Schools: — High schools are supported at Humansville and Bolivar. Mor- 
rison College, at Morrisonville, and Southwestern Baptist College, at Bolivar, 
afford local higher educational advantages. Churches are of Protestant denomi- 
nation. 

Water: — Living water is abundant in 
wells of fifteen to forty feet. No alkali. 
Streams are crystal clear and flow contin- 
uously, over gravel beds. 

Rod and Gun: — Graydon Springs is a 
summer resort of local importance. A 
small hotel accommodates fishermen and 
hunters. Eudora Springs is also a favor- 
ite sportsman headquarters. Streams are 
clear, swift, and are stocked with game 
fish. Small game is plentiful. 

Toavns: — Bolivar, county seat; Hu- 
mansville, Morrisonville, Fairplay and 
Aldrich are leading towns. 

Newspapers: — Bolivar Free Press, 
Herald; Fairplay Advocate; Humansville 
Star-Leader. 




Total mile- 




Mi ssouRi APIART. 



PUBi^SKI 




PULASKI is the center of that portion of the State lying south of the 
Missouri river. It is one hundred and ten miles southwest of St. 
Louis, on the Frisco railroad, and Waynesville, the county seat, is 
fifty miles due south of Jefferson City. The surface is mountainous. 
There are 520 square miles of land. Of the 332,800 acres, improved 
farms include 75,060. Farms number 151.2, embracing on an average 129 acres 
of cultivable, timber and pasture lands, of a total actual 
selling value of $1,720,080. 

Timber: — Excepting two thousand acres in the vi- 
cinity of Franks, all the land was formerly covered with 
timber. This consisted chiefly of white oak, black oak, 
post oak, scrub oak, and hickory, much of it small in 
individual size. Along the creeks were found sycamore, 
Cottonwood and walnut, of much larger growth. Two- 
thirds of the timbered lands have been cut over and bor- 
dering the railroad and creeks practically all merchant- 
able size trees have been made into railroad ties and 
rough board lumber. Mills are always small. Station- 
ary machinery is located at Kerr's, near Waynesville; 
Ott's, in the far southwest; and at Hooker. Portable 
mills are at work to the extent of eight or ten. Native 
undressed oak lumber is worth $1 per hundred. Owing 
to demand for walnut lumber, many farmers are propa- 
gating this timber. One three-acre walnut grove near 
Waynesville is due to this. 

Minerals: — Coal, iron, zinc, lead, tiff, pyrites of 
iron, and Missouri onyx are found. At twenty-foot 
depth coal is located, though not extensively mined, at 
Cookville. Iron ore is found upon the surface in nearly 
every part of the county. Tons of tiff and equal quan- 
tity of pyrites of iron are easily accessible. Along the 
high, rugged bluffs are many caves filled with most 
beautiful stalactitic and stalagmitic formations closely 
resembling onyx. Most of these caves are not fully 
Double-heading over Dixon Hill; Farm Scene near Wheeler. 
4S4 



PULASKI COUNTY'S 1902 


CROP 




ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


27.607 


966,245 * 


$ 285,040 


Wheat 


14,501 


232,015 * 


127,610 


Oats 


2,07.3 


45,605 * 


12,085 


Hay 


11,138 


16,705 t 


116,935 


Forage 


660 


825 t 


4,125 


Broom Corn 


4 


2,000 t 


55 


Clover Seed 




15* 


75 


Grass Seed 




90* 


160 


Tobacco 


15 


10,500 t 


1,000 


Potatoes 


291 


34,920 * 


11,175 


Vegetables 


340 




18,580 


Total 


1 


1 1 576,840 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 


1 NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




11,728 




1 293,200 


Horses 




3,794 




227,640 


Mules 




971 




62,115 


Asses and Jen 


nets 


65 




5,8,50 


Sheep 




8,803 




36,410 


Swine 




20,271 




202,710 


Chickens 




52,566 1 






Turkeys 




1,.336 1 

2,.'?99 r 




36,U75 


Geese 






Ducks 




1,241 1 






Sworms of Be 


es 


310 




80,5 


Honey 




10..333 

24,820: 




1,290 


Wool 






4,135 


Milk 
Butter 




1,043,850 § / 
205,422 1 ( 




61,565 


Kggs 




307,703 II 




38,465 


Total 


1 1 


S 962,160 


* Bushels. 


t Pounds. II Do 


zen. 


t Tons. 


§ Gallons. 





Photos 



heading : 



PULASKI COUNTY. 



485 




explored. They are known to embrace 
ofttimes five or ten acres, and water covers 
most of the floor space. 

Land: — Pulaski county is located in the 
heart of the Ozark mountains. But one- 
fifth, the stream valleys, is susceptible of 
cereal growth. The four-fifths Is high, bro- 
ken, rock-bearing mountain land, whose wild 
picturesqueness has won for this country the 
title, "The Switzerland of America." The 
St. Louis & San Francisco railroad runs on a 
ridge across the north end of the county. Its 
average elevation is 1,462 feet above sea 
level. South of this come the precipitous 
bluffs of Gasconade river, a deep-set, swiftly 
flowing mountain stream. From the south 
this river has two chief tributaries, the Pi- 
ney and Roubidoux rivers; all are chiefly 
supplied by springs of great magnitude and 
number. Between the two tributaries in the 
south side of the county, is a post oak flat- 
woods district. This is high, comparatively 
level land, embracing the towns of Blood- 
land, Big Piney and Cookville. In the rough 
lands of the southwest there stands the for- 
est primeval. The general basic formation 
of the land is largely soft, porous, volcanic rock and irregular magnesium lime- 
stone, which easily disintegrates. In the Gasconade, Roubidoux and Big Piney 
bottoms, and north of the Frisco railroad, together with the few scattering farms, 
the cultivated land is located, amounting to one-fifth of the county's surface. 
Thirty per cent of this one-fifth can be bought at $3 to $8; fifty per cent at $10 
to $15; eighteen per cent at $25, and two per cent at $40 to $50. The wild land, 
amounting to nearly four-fifths, is available at $1.25 to $5 an acre. Nine months 
a year it is coated with a growth of bluestem grass. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills at Dixon, Richland, Waynesville, Blood- 
land, Schlicht. Railroad ties are a leading source of income to all farmers liv- 
ing within hauling distance of the railroad or rivers. 

Tkansportatjon: — The Frisco railroad has 36.16 miles of track within the 
county. Much timber product is rafted upon the rivers to market. 

Springs: — On every quarter section of land. Eight springs have proved 
each of sufficient power to move milling machinery. 

Towns :- — Richland, fruit, live 
stock and cereal market, and ship- 
ping point; Dixon, center of fruit 
raising district; Waynesville, county 
seat; Crocker; Swedeborg, a Swedish 
settlement; and Hancock, are lead- 
ing. 

Population and Finance : — 
White, 10,357; colored, 37; American 
born, 10,144; foreign born, 250; total, 
10,394. Farm homes owned, 1,075; 
rented, 450; town homes owned, 262; 
rented, 248; total families, 2,035. 
County tax, 40 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 65 cents; total assessed valuation. 

$2,177,220; assessed valuation per cent of real valuation, 50; no county debt; 
no township debt. 

Newspapers: — Waynesville Democrat; Dixon Echo; Richland Cyclone. 




A farming section, PULASKI COUNTY. 



PUTNAM 




AT the northern edge of Missouri, midway east and west, is Putnam 
county, where live stocli and mining and manufacturing tramp the 
treadmill of commerce. Cattle values reach a grand total of one 
and one-half million dollars. Horses and mules are second in 
importance. Hay is a farm product of extensive proportion. Private 
dairying and poultry raising are growing. The county is seventh in coal, annual 
output 125,543 tons. The largest manufacturing plant is Putnam Dye Works, 
Unionville, second largest establishment of its kind in the world. There is a 
permanent school fund, long established. In square miles the county measures 
542, equal to 346,880 acres, of which 246,194 acres are in a high state of cultiva- 
tion. There are 2,596 farms, averaging 125.9 acres of cultivable, pasture and 
timber lands. Farm property is estimated at $7,210,074. 

Population: — White, 16,672; colored, 16; American 
born, 16,378; foreign born, 310; total, 16,688. Farm 
homes owned, 1,962; rented, 599; other homes owned, 
453; rented, 431; total families, 3,445. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents; school tax, aver- 
age, 45 cents; total assessed valuation, $4,482,033; as- 
sessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, 35; county 
debt, $11,000; no township debt. 

Timber :^ — One-third area of Putnam county origin- 
ally bore all varieties of oak, elm, walnut, hickory, 
sugar maple, soft maple, linden and hackberry. Very 
little commercial timber remains; removed, not for its 
own value, but in order to render land cultivable. 

Minerals: — Bituminous coal, high grade, -under- 
lies one-third of county. Annual production 125,543 
tons. In output comparison, eight times in the past 
eleven years, Putnam has ranked seventh among the 
counties of the State. Only six mines, along the 
Chicago, Burlington & Kansas City railway, have been 
developed for shipping, but several new mines are open- 
ing along the new Iowa & St. Louis railroad. Some one 
hundred or more "banks" distributed over an area of 
200 square miles are in operation. Limestone for 
foundation purposes. 

Land: — Chariton river forms eastern boundary. 
Locust creek parallels it, flowing southwardly, midway 

Coal from Mcndota Mines; Residence of F. If. Went worth, 
Unionville; Mendota Mines; Qcorgc Hitues, Aged 11, Prize Corn, Cultiriitcd !,0 Acres. GO Bushels 
to Aere, Timothy S Feet, t, Inches High. 

486 



PUTNAM COUNTY'S 1902 


CROP 




ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


61,500 


2,460,000 * 


$ 750,300 


Wheat 


1,669 


36,720 * 


22,030 


Oats 


4,875 


170,590 * 


42,6.o0 


Hay 


63,695 


108,285 t 


541,425 


Forage 


4,060 


7,4.35 t 


24,675 


Broom Corn 


5 


2,500 t 


70 


Grass Seed 




9,500* 


13,.300 


Tobacco 


9 


8,550 t 


770 


Potatoes 


725 


93,990 * 


23,500 


Vegetables 


695 




32,985 


Totai 


1 


1 $1,450,705 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 


1 NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




43,521 




$1,414,430 


Horses 




12,331 




822,065 


Mules 




1,169 




87,675 


Asses and Jen 


nets 


47 




4,700 


Sheep 




13,708 




41,135 


Swine 




28,792 




287,920 


Chickens 




1<16,.3931 






Turkeys 
Geese 




6,020 ; 

4,100 r 




121,395 


Ducks 




2,620 J 






Swarms of Be 


es 


2,474 




6„325 


Honey 




82,467 ;: 
52,495 :: 




10,.310 


Wool 






8,7.')0 


Milk 




2,493,.346 § 1 
515,223 X i 




129,700 


Butter 






Eggs 




860,810 II 




107,000 


Total 


1 1 


13,051,995 


* Hushels. 


t Pounds. II Doz 


en. 


t Tons. 


S Gallons. 





Photos in heading : 



PUTNAM COUNTY 



487 




the county east and west. Along these streams 
and their tributaries are alluvial lands of great fer- 
tility, bounded in most places by narrow strips of rough lands gradually toning 
into a rolling topography, of which general character the county is. All the 
cereals of this latitude are grown. Timothy hay, clover and blue grass rival in 
luxuriance and quality the most noted portions of the United States. For 
timothy seed the county has a distinct reputation. The great percentage of 
land sells at $25 to $35 an acre. Small acreages of rough land, fit chiefly for 
fruit or pasturage, is available at $10. Best farms, well improved in fence and 
residence and outbuildings, bring $50 an acre. Immediately adjacent to Union- 
ville or Lucerne, small acreages range higher, on account of location. Water- 
melons and cantaloupes are grown in the bottoms of Chariton river. 

Manufactures: — Putnam Dye Works at Unionville employ a large number 
of people. Several kilns produce sufficient brick of first quality for local de- 
mand. At Powersville is located a cheese 
factory, products from which cover large 
section in Missouri and Iowa. Wagon and 
hay stacker factory at Unionville. 

Schools: — Enumeration, 5,087. School 
terms range from six months, in the rural 
districts, to eight months in towns. Union- 
ville High School is approved by the 
State University. 

Transportation : — Three railroads 
traverse the county north and south: 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, Chicago, 
Burlington & Kansas City, Iowa & St. 
Louis. Total mileage 33.45. Miles of dirt 
road, 2,000. 

Towns : — Unionville, 
county seat, population, 
2,050; waterworks, electric 
lights, location of mines; 
commercial and geographi- 
cal center of county. Lu- 
cerne, population, 292; 
Powersville, Mendota and 
Blackbird are mining 
towns. Agriculture contri- 
butes most of support to 
all towns. 

Newspapers: — Union- 
ville: Republican, Panta- 
graph. Democrat; Powers- 
ville Record ; Lucerne 
^ Standard. 





PUTNAJt FADELESS DYE BUILDING, UNIONVILLE. 
MENDOTA COAL MINE, MENDOTA. 




//RALI.S <(t: 






RALLS is adjacent to the jVIississippi river, tialf way between ttie city of 
St. Louis and the Iowa line. While its topography is generally roll- 
ing, and along the river hilly, its soil is universally of that produc- 
tive type common to Missouri's undulating prairie district. The 
county is devoted to general agriculture, chiefly. There are 490 
square miles of territory, three-fourths given to farming and in a high state of 
cultivation. A great many pure bred cattle and horses are raised and corn pro- 
duct amounts to almost a million dollars a year. A towering industry in 
Ralls is that of Portland cement and lime manufacturing. This county is 
famous for Bear Creek limestone, which tests 98 per cent pure lime. Peculiar 
to the northern portion of the county are some springs of salt impregnation, and 
an artesian well where the water spouts from the ground to the height of six 
feet. In a salt spring, three miles west of New London, 
have been found implements used long ago by the 
the French in securing salt sediment from the water. 
Good schools are the pride of the people of Ralls. There 
are two high schools and Van Rensselaer College, one of 
the oldest in the State. 

Population: — White, 11,360; colored, 927; Ameri- 
can born, 11,990; foreign born, 297; total, 12,287. Farm 
homes owned, 1,415; rented, 534;, other homes owned, 
377; rented, 359; total families, 2,685. 

Finance: — County tax, $1.20 on one hundred dol- 
lars valuation; school tax, average, 38 cents; total val- 
uation, $4,971,094; assessment valuation is one-half the 
actual valuation of lands. County debt, $272,000; no 
township debt. 

Timiser: — The northeastern one-third along the 
Mississippi river, is original timber bearing land. The 
trees were black oak, white oak, red oak, walnut, elm, 
liackberry, hickory, and sugar maple. There is yet suf- 
ficient timber for local rough board and firewood pur- 
poses. 

Minerals: — Limestone is the greatest mineral. The 
Mississippi bluffs are of this material and along Bear 
Creek, in the northern part, are limestone bluffs almost 
of pure lime. At Oakwood are located the lime kilns 
for which Ralls is famous. From the same material is 
made cement. Quarrying is done mostly near Ilasco. 
Coal is mined in the southwest part of the county at 
Photos in heading: Atlas Portland Ce-ment Co.; Home of E. O. Matson, New London; 
Home of May Gill, Perry; ^yiUialn Wood's Farm, Near Perry; The Garth Farm. 

488 



RALLS COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


74,200 


3,190,685 * 


1 973,160 


Wheat 


14,395 


823,845 * 


11I4..305 


Oats 


S,20.5 


258,460 * 


64,615 


Hay 


30,900 


52,535 t 


288,945 


Forage 


1,005 


1 ,290 t 


6,450 


Broom Corn 


102 


51.000 t 


1,405 


Clover Seed 




80* 


530 


Grass Seed 




3,050 * 


4,270 


Tobacco 


19 


18.050 J 


1,625 


Potatoes 


571 


65,065 * 


16,415 


Vegetables 


820 




31,165 


Total 1 1 


1 $ l,.'i88,S85 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


27,224 




* 484,780 


Horses 


8,891 




592,735 


Mules 


2,132 




1.59,900 


Asses and Jennets 


145 




14,500 


Sheep 


5,412 




16,235 


Swine 


31,685 




316,850 


Chickens 


151,114 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


4,820 V 
4,700 I 




95,900 


LHicks 


1,580 1 






Swarms of Bees 


1.861 




4,490 


Honey 


62,033 :: 
59.820: 




7,755 


Wool 




9,970 


Milk 


1,865,784 § \ 




134,725 


Butter 


345,535 t \ 




Eggs 


575,910 II 




71,990 


Total 1 1 


% 1,999,836 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 
t Tons. § Gallons. 


zen. 





RALLS COUNTY. 



489 




Perry. Seventy men are em- 
ployed in the mines. Shafts 
are about sixty feet deep; 
vein twenty-six inches thiclt. 
Most of the production is con- 
sumed at the cement and lime 
works, within the county. 

Land: — Total number of 
acres, 313,600, of which 230,- 
319 acres are included in im- 
proved farms. There are 1,- 
996 farms, of an average size 
of 144.3 acres, worth $6,910,- 
400, according to present sell- 
ing figures. Two-thirds of the 
county is prairie, beginning 
billowy upon the eastern bluff 
border and gradually toning 
down to the undulating kind 
at the west edge of Ralls. 
Farms are well improved gen- 
erally, and sell at $25 to $60 
an acre. That portion of the 
county which has been cleared 
of trees sells at an average price of $40 an acre. In the immediate vicinity of 
New London some finely improved acreages are held at $75 to $90. The remain- 
ing ten per cent, lying along Salt river and the Mississippi river bluffs, is rough 
and timber bearing and may be had at $15 to $20 an acre. This land is especially 
favorable to orcharding and live stock grazing. 

Manufactures: — Cement and lime are the chief manufactured products. 
Some flour and corn meal are made. 

Transpoutation : — Chicago & Alton, St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern, St. 
Louis & Hannibal, two divisions, Hannibal & St. Joseph. 

Schools: — Attendance enumeration, 3,556; number of schools, 69; number 
of high schools, two, at ew London and Perry. Van Rensselaer College, at the 
town of its name, is an old and respected institution. 

Springs: — Spalding Springs, Salt Springs, Saverton and Tremore's Lick are 
springs of water heavily charged with 
salt. At the first named place is also 
an artesian well and thereupon is 
founded a summer resort. Here are a 
two-acre lake and hotel. 

Towns: — New London, county seat, 
population, 881; Perry, population 624; 
Center, 300, are the towns incorpor- 
ated. Each is mainly supported by its 
live stock and general agricultural in- 
terests. Perry has coal fields of im- 
portance. Ilasco, on the Mississippi 
river, is location of cement manufac- 
turing center, and Oakwood is the 
home of lime manufacture. 

Newspapers: — New London: Ralls 
County Record; New London Times; 
Perry Enterprise. 




gabth residence, ralls county. 




RANDOLPH, half way between Kansas City and St. Louis, twenty miles 
north of the Missouri river, is a foremost county by reason of its coal, 
railroads and agricultural interests. It is the third coal producing 
county of the State. Coal measure underlies virtually the whole 
county to the extent of greater abundance than has any other. 
Railroad interests are large and must be accounted to for markets which greatly 
encourage agriculture, the third pillar of industry. Moberly, chief city, is one of 
the most important railroad centers of north Missouri. From five directions 
trains enter its union station. The main western shops of the Wabash railroad 
are located here where are also the offices of three main divisions of the road. 
Two divisions of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas meet here. At two other points 
in the county the Chicago & Alton main line from Kansas City to St. Louis and 
to Chicago crosses the Wabash and the Missouri, Kan- 
sas & Texas railroads. Vegetables and poultry 
are the source of support for many small farms 
which supply Moberly markets. Private dairying also 
is carried on. The larger farmers own cattle, horses 
and hogs to the extent of nearly two millions of dol- 
lars worth and grow a crop of corn which sells for 
from eight hundred thousand to a million dollars 

annually. 

Population:— White, 21,600; colored, 2,842; Ameri- 
can born, 23,435; foreign born, 1,007; total, 24,442. 
Farm homes owned, 1,863; rented, 574; other homes 
owned, 1,569; rented, 574; total families, 4,580. 

Finance:— County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax from 40 cents to $1.00, 
average, 65 cents; total assessed valuation, $7,784,588; 
assessment for taxes is based upon a valuation forty 
per cent of actual valuation. There is no indebtedness. 

Timber:— Originally was found along the two 
branches of Chariton river and other lesser streams. 
Comprised hickory, black oak, white oak, post oak, red 
oak, walnut, elm, cottonwood and hackberry. The com- 
mercial timber has been removed. 

Manufactories:— Railroad shops are the chief fac- 
tories. At Moberly are extensive brick kilns and brick 
is made at other towns for local purpose. Flour and 
cigars are manufactured. 
Photos in heading: Union Station; Wabash Hospital; Wabash Machine Shops; 
Railroad Younrj Men's Christian Association Building, Moberly. 

490 



RANDOLPH COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT | VALUE 


Corn 


57,577 


2,821,265^ 


' $ 832,275 


Wheat 


3,809 


82,725 ' 


k 45,500 


Oats 


3,302 


115,570 


•= 30,625 


Hay 


39,359 


96,910 


581,460 


Forage 


2,290 


2,860 


14,300 


Broom Corn 


8 


4,000 




Clover Seed 




155 


* 870 


Grass Seed 




225 


* 405 


Tobacco 


6 


4,200 


X 400 


Potatoes 


41- 


59,250 


* 18,960 


Vegetables 


1,04E 




53,425 


Total 1 1 1 «l.-V'H.-iaO 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | VALUE 


Cattle 


29,774 


$ 967,1)55 


Horses 


9,180 


605,880 


Mules 


2,697 


202,275 


Asses and Jennets 


146 


18,250 


Sheep 


19.569 


65,230 


Swine 


24,845 


248,450 


Chickens 


119,6341 




Turkeys 


5,5'.i2 ' 


118,945 


Geese 






Ducks 


947) 




Swarms of Bees 


2,804 




Honey 


93,467 t 
71,9.50 t 


11,685 


Wool 


11,990 


Milk 2,137,144 § t 
Butter 387,046 X I 


186,920 


Eggs 


586,750 III 


73,345 


Total 


1 $2,516,920 


* Bushels. X Pounds. || Dozen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 



RANDOLPH COUNTY. 



491 




Land: — From a standpoint of soil, Ran- 
dolph county is three-fourths vegetable 
loam, mulatto colored, found upon the 
undulating prairies of northeast Missouri 
and southern Iowa. The northwest corner, 
comprising the balance, is the same except- 
ing that it is deeper in places and less deep 
in others owing to the country being more 
rolling. Originally the surface was covered 
with a matter mass of tall wild prairie 
grass. Wherever the land is pastured blue- 
grass springs up to the crowding out of all 
other kinds of grass. There are 470 square 
miles of land surface, 300,800 acres, of which 
224,515 acres are in a high state of improve- 
ment. There are 2,460 farms of an average 
size of 116.9 acres. Estimated valuation of 
farming lands, $9,043,005. Forty per cent, 
the black, loamy prairie land, sells at $45 an 
acre; ten per cent of the prairie at $35; 
ten per cent rough timber land at $12 to $15; 
forty per cent, rich soil, originally timbered 
land $40 an acre. 

Tkansportatiox : — Wabash, Missouri, Kansas & Texas, and the Chicago & 
Alton have main line roads intersecting the county. Moberly is division center 
for the first two named. The Chicago & Alton intersects the Wabash at Clark 
and the M., K. & T. at Higbea. The railroads touch the main coal camps. 

Minerals : — Annual production of coal approximates 450,181 tons. Other 
counties of Missouri have larger developed areas but none equals Randolph in 

coal deposited. Last 
year 21 mines were 
operated, employing 
one thousand men. 
Most extensive oper- 
ations were carried 
on at Higbee, Elliott, 
Huntsville and Ren- 
ick. Shafts are from 
100 to 200 feet deep. 
Vein of coal averages 
four feet thick. 
Schools: — There are three high schools: MoDerly, Huntsville and Higbee. 
The first is articulated with the State University. 

Springs: — Randolph Springs on the Wabash railroad is a favorite excursion 
point. An improved park is here located in which is a spring of mineral water. 
Towns: — Moberly, population, 8,012, railroad town and central market. 
Huntsville, population, 1,805, county seat. Higbee, 1,151, mining town; Clark, 
223; Renick, 196; Jacksonville, 195; Cairo, 173, Clifton Hill. All towns are 
centers of fine farming districts and derive large income as trading centers and 
as centers for live stock sales and shipments. 

Newspapers: — Moberly Monitor, Democrat; Huntsville Herald; Clifton Hill 
News; Higbee Rustler; Clark Chronicle. 



/ BOONE 




MISSOURI HEREFORDS. 





RAY COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 



I ACRES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



Total 



* Kusliels. 
1 Tons. 



RAY is agricultural, and it has extensive coal interests. It is upon the 
north bank of Missouri River, one hour and a half east of Kansas 
City. Corn, cattle, horses, hogs, blue grass, timothy and alfalfa hay, 
and mules lead, in order, in point of income. County has reputation 
in Irish potato production and in butter. It contains 584 square miles, 
373,760 acres, of which 288,627 acres are included as cultivable. Farms number 
3,321, average size, 102.6 acres, worth in aggregate, $11,171,973. 

Population: — American born, 24,241; foreign born, 564; white, 23,197; 
colored, 1,608; total, 24,805. Farm homes owned, 2,199; rented, 1,032; other 
homes owned, 946; rented, 1,104; total families, 5,276. 

Finance: — County tax, 99 cents on $100; school tax, 25 cents to $1.20; aver- 
age, 44 cents; total assessed valuation, $9,049,279; forty per cent of actual value. 
No debts. 

Timber: — Owing to high state of land develop- 
ment, far past commercial state. Originally surface 
was practically covered with large growth of all oak 
denominations, hickory, walnut, elm, ash and hack- 
berry. Fire wood timber is yet in quantity sufficient 
and a few portable mills find occupation in lumber 
manufacture. 

Coal: — "Not a foot of land in Ray county without 
coal under it," is a concise statement of this mineral 
resource. High grade soft coal is extensively mined 
at Richmond, Fleming, Swanwick, Rayville and Knox- 
ville. Limestone is within wagon haul of all points. 

Land: — The land which lends distinction to Ray 
as corn producing area, is that situated in the Missouri 
bottoms. At Camden, on the river, central point east 
and west, bluffs touch the river bank. From this point, 
they take directions northwest, and northeast at angles 
of 45 degrees, defining wide bottoms. Bluff line west 
of Camden runs north of Albany, this bottom being, 
therefore, two to five miles wide. East of Camden, 
bluff line follows due northeasterly until Morton is 
reached, whence hills range easterly, crossing county 
line into Carroll. First time in ten years, land south 
of Wabash railroad, across entire county overflowed 
last spring, and while enriched, may now be bought, 

west of Camden, at prices ranging from $45 to $75. 

Photos in heading : Oats High as a Man's Head, Farm of O. W. Folk, Richmond; 
Mules Owned by Whitmer Brothers, Richmond; Richmond Coal Shaft No. 17. 

492 



Corn 


126.315 


6,315,750 * 


$ 1,989,460 


Wheat 


11,976 


299,400 * 


172,155 


Oats 


3,023 


75,575 * 


19.650 


Hay 


40,279 


64,445 t 


451,115 


Forage 


3,480 


4,640 t 


23,200 


Broom Corn 


6 


3,300 t 


90 


Clover Seed 




740* 


4,070 


Grass Seed 




510* 


798 


Tot)acco 


28 


25,200 t 


2,530 


Potatoes 


1,517 


327,550* 


54,610 


Vegetables 


1,205 




60,160 



I $ 2,7 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


.38,595 


.$1,254.33.") 


Horses 


l-',43n 


829,365 


Mules 


4,464 


334, 800 


Asses and Jennets 


142 


14,200 


Sheep 


6,068 


22,325 


Swine 


84,394 


843,910 


Chickens 


206,444 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


5,831 1 
5,041 { 


170.280 


Ducks 


2,046 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2,353 


7,385 


Honey 


78,433:: 
29,190 :: 


9,805 


Wool 


4,805 


Milk 


3,001,126 §1 


213..32.'-. 


Butter 


570,0.58 t ( 


Eggs 


1,222,310 II 


152.790 



I $ 3,863,215 



t Pounds 
§ Gallons, 



Dozen. 



RAY COUNTY 



493 




East of Camden it sells at $50 to $75, with 

an occasional second bottom farm at $100, 

because of elegant improvements and loca- 
tion with reference to town. Soil of entire 

strip is rich, black loam. It is of inex- 
haustible depth. Corn is known to excel on 

this land after thirty years' consecutive 

yield. Wheat grows as luxuriously. Prairie 

embraces eight square miles to northeast, 

east and southeast of Lawson; a square 

strip of twenty square miles northeast of 

Knoxville; eight square miles centering at 

Georgeville; and for the most part in strips 

within that section in eastern part de- 
scribed by a circular line through points 

one mile south of Tinney's Grove, a mile 

east of Millville, and at Morton. Soil is 

black, light-weight loam, average three-foot 

depth, friendly to clover, blue grass and 

timothy. Sells at $35 to $60, averaging $50. 

Near Lawson it reaches $100, though rarely. 

Bulk of balance of Ray county is blue grass 

hill land, ranging in price from $35 to $70. 

Within half a dozen miles of Richmond, 

prices range $50 to $75, to $100 within a 

mile of town. Untillable land is practically unknown. A few farms adjoining 
Crooked river, three to five miles northeast of Vibbard, and some in extreme 
northeast corner of county contain this surface; selling as low as $20. Adjoin- 
ing land ofttimes sells at $40 to $50. Farm improvements are splendid, com- 
paring with best districts of Iowa or Illinois. Every farmer has orchard bear- 
ing apples, pears, peaches, apricots and berries. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills at Richmond, Hardin, Orrick and Vibbard. 
Brick and tile factory at Lakeview. Soda waters bottled; vegetables canned in 
season at Richmond plants. Watkins' butter marketed at Lawson, said to be 
best in State. 

Transportation: — Three main line railroads to Kansas City; branch to St. 
Joseph. 

Schools and Churches: — Richmond High School, approved, heads county's 
splendid public system. Woodson Institute, co-educational academy, correlated 
with Central College, Fayette. All Christian churches represented. 

Water: — Drinking water in hills and prairies of limestone seepage; in 
bottoms, strongly iron impregnation. St. Cloud Springs, three miles north 
Richmond, is picnic ground. Sulphur spring near Millville. 

Towns: — Richmond, county seat, has waterworks, electric lights, telephone, 
business streets brick paved. Hardin, Lawson, Orrick, and Morton, have 
electric lights, telephones, and macadamized streets; Camden, Vibbard, Ray- 
ville, Elmira and Floyd are railroad towns; Millville, Knoxville, Russelville, 
Tinney's Grove and Georgeville are inland. Agriculture and stock raising sup- 
port all. 

Newspapers: — Richmond Conservator, Missourian, Democrat, Republican; 
Ray County Review, of Lawson; Hardin News; Orrick Star, Times. 




PURE BRED HOLSTEINS. 



REYNOLDS 




REYNOLDS COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



1 ACRES I PKODUCT | 



VALUE 



Corn 

Wheat 

Oats 

Hay 

Forage 

Broom Corn 

Clover Seed 

Tobacco 

Potatoes 

Vegetables 



Total 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Hulicr 

I'-KSS 



)f Bees 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



NATURE'S endowments to Reynolds comprise timber, minerals and a 
few broad river and creek bottoms for grain growth unexcelled 
The county is situated in southern Missouri, three counties north of 
Arkansas and five west of Mississippi river. Timber interests may 
be considered dual; those of yellow pine and of hardwood. Pme 
timber is native to 275,000 acres of the 531,000 acres included within county 
domains lying in the south and west. Pine lands have been cut up to eight 
lousancl feet'an acre; averaging five thousand. A Wayne county milling com- 
pany owned 180,000 acres, 30,000 acres of which it recently sold as land wit^h 
trmber removed Hardwood acreage grew white, black and post oak. It is 
us^d for railroad tie and lumber making. Mill -f^^^^^^f ^^^ ^'.^ i\^J- 
ton and Bee Fork, having a sawing capacity of 15,000 feet or less /iauy. 
ton, and i^e Railroad ties are floated down Black river; withm the 

year one tie drive represented 650,000 railroad ties. 
Acres of solid beds of red granite and of grey sand 
stone, and iron ore comprise chiefly the minerals, un- 
touched. Quality of granite deposited is seen m build- 
ings of Washington University at St. Louis and in 
street pavements. Ginseng in grown in eastern Rey- 
nolds. ^ , . „„ 
Population :-White, 8,161; colored, 0; American 
born 8 100; foreign born, 61; total 8,161. Farm homes 
owned,' 797; rented, 388; other homes owned, 192; 
rented, 129: total families, 1,506. 

Finance:— County tax. 47 cents; school tax aver- 
age 43 cents; total assessed valuation $1,804,513; two- 
thirds of real valuation; no counly debt; no township 

debt. . 

Land:— There are 8:'>0 square miles, making 5oJ,- 
200 acres, of which less than one-tenth, 50,271 acres, is 
cultivable. Farms number 1.165. averaging 103.3 acres 
each in lands of various characters, valued at $2,220,- 
866 actual worth. As a whole the surface is mountain- 
ous In a few localities there are quarter sections 
largely solid rock. Generally, however, surface bears 
small rocks. One-half the fifty thousand cultivable 
acres are river bottom land, rich, rock free, surpris- 
ingly well improved. Soil is clay, darker in bottoms. 
Black River near Lcstcrville; Johnson's 8hut-In. 
494 



15,503 

2,782 

898 

7,457 

1,275 

3 

41 
328 
380 



410,830* 

41,730* 

17,960 * 

10,440 t 

1,485 t 

1,500 t 

40* 

39,110 t 

29,520 * 



$ 154,060 

24,620 

5,985 

93,960 

T,435 

40 

220 

2,910 

14,170 

13,0«5 



$316,45.5 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



12.275 

2,112 

1,393 

19 

5,173 

20,823 

38,5531 

83 



2.840 ,' 
3,414) 

19,233 

13,100 

786,15.5 § 1 

163,424 t I 

224,180 



« 276,187 

126.720 

77,5H0 

1,710 

15,516 

208,230 

15,025 

939 
2,404 
3,183 

58,190 

38,025 



$812,709 



t Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photos in heading 



REYNOLDS COUNTY. 



495 



Corn, grass, wheat and 

oats are raised in bottoms 

of Black river, Logan's 

Creek, Bushy Creek, Doe 

Run Creek, locations of 

principal farms. Farm 

lands under cultivation 

will average ?20 an acre. 

With this a timber area of 

equal extent of land bought 

would be gratuitously given 

Recently a 1,000-acre farm sold 

for $6,000; 250 acres were under 

cultivation. The 250 acres were 

priced at about full extent of con 

sideration, the 750 acres of timber 

bringing a merely nominal price 

One-fourth of the improved, cultivable 

land can be bought for $10; about one 

fifth, in vicinity of Lesterville and Ell- 
ington $30 to $40. These latter farms 

are well improved, crops have been ro- 
tated intelligently and buildings and fences 
are trim. Farms around Centerville sell at 
$15 to $25. One-half the county acreage is 
owned by mill men. This can be bought with 
pine privileges reserved or timber already cut 
for 75 cents to $1 an acre. Government lands, 
6,522 acres. 

Manufactories : — A hub factory, spoke and fel- 
loe factory at Lesterville; flour mills at Ellington, 
near Lesterville and Carter's Mill; several grist mills 
and lumber mills at cross roads. 





Tbakspobtation : — Missouri Southern 
Railroad, narrow guage, logging road with 
passenger accommodation, 37.17 miles tax- 
able road. Sabula, in Iron county, on the 
Iron Mountain is passenger point for Les- 
terville and Centerville, the county seat. 

Schools: — Fifty-three districts with 
school buildings and average six months 
term. 

Rod axd Gux: — Many people fish and 
hunt along Black river and tributary 
streams. Red perch, catfish, goggle-eye 
and buffalo fish are plentiful. Deer, tur- 
keys, squirrels, pheasants and other 
smaller game are found. Johnson's Shut- 
in is a favorite point for campers. 

Towxs: — Lesterville, Centerville and 
Ellington are chief. Trallaloo, fostered 
by Clarkson Saw Mill Company, of Leeper, 
has 200 inhabitants within a year of es- 
tablishment. 

Newspapers: — Centerville Outlook, 
Centerville Reformer. 

IX THE 
WILD WOODS. 




RIPLEY COUNTY'S 190-2 CROP 



Total I 

* Bushels. J Pounds 
t Tons. § Gallons 



THE Ripley county farmer is a manufacturer and a miner. In sup- 
port of Ills table he tills the soil and pastures live stock upon the 
free range. For clothes and luxuries he depends well upon his 
broadaxe, with which he makes railroad ties, and his pickaxe, with 
which he soon collects a wagon load of iron ore for market. Ripley 
is upon the Arkansas border, sixty miles west of the Mississippi river. Its 
northern one-third is situated within Missouri's yellow pine belt. The south 
two-thirds bears hardwood timber. Its surface is rough, excepting 20,000 acres 
at the southeast corner which is of lowland character. County contains 640 
square miles of land, 409,600 acres, of which 63,496 
acres are in cultivation. There are 1,740 farms, aver- 
aging 91.8 acres, including land of all characters. 
They are estimated at $2,585,848. Area of vacant land, 
4,285 acres. 

Population: — White, 13,185; colored, 1; American 
born, 13,091; foreign born, 95; total, 13,186. Farm 
homes owned, 1,198; rented, 591; other homes owned, 
309; rented, 504; total families, 2,602. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 40 cents to $1.25, average, 61 
cents; total assessed valuation, $2,445,280; assessed 
valuation per cent of actual valuation, 70 cents; county 
debt $8,000; no township debt. 

Timber: — Commercial timbers are yellow pine, 
white oak, black oak, red gum wood. These predomi- 
nate, with hickory, elm, and in the lowlands, corkwood. 
One of the largest pine lumber mills in Missouri is 
located at Grandin, Carter county, at the north edge 
of Ripley. At this point and Doniphan most of Rip- 
ley's log output is shaped into boards, dressed and un- 
dressed. Estimated that Ripley's pine timber will last 
five years. Three saw mills at Doniphan and seven 
or eight portable mills are helping to convert pine 
and hardwood into cash. Cord wood, $1.25; in the 
tree, free. 
Photo in heading: On Picturesque Current Rircr, not for from Doniphcii. 

49G 





1 ACRES 


PKODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


27,514 


687,8.50 * 


$ 2.57,945 


Wheat 


7,0:51 


77,340 * 


45,630 


Oats 


2,031 


5.3,945 * 


18,650 


Hay 


3,266 


4,900 t 


49,000 


Forage 


1,310 


1,530 t 


7,650 


Broom Corn 


3 


1,500 J 


40 


Grass Seed 




75* 


165 


Cotton 


565 


192,100 t 


14,510 


Tobacco 


23 


16.330 t 


l,6-!5 


Potatoes 


234 


23,400 * 


11,230 


Vegetables 


405 




20,580 



I $ 427,035 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



K 


ND 


1 NUMBEK 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 




9,140 


$ 228,500 


Horses 




.3,126 


]87'..560 


Mules 




1,514 


90,840 


Asses and Jennets 


22 


1,980 


Sheep 




3,929 


11,787 


Swine 




21,313 


213,130 


Chickens 




42,914 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 




787 1 
3,335 { 


24,430 


Ducks 




1,897 J 




Swarms o 


f Bees 


809 


1,964 


Honey 




26,967 1 
9,370 t 


3,371 


Wool 




1,562 


Milk 




1 ,093,404 § ) 


90,2.55 


liutter 




233.420 t ( 


EgKS 




296,220 II 


37,0.30 



I $ 892,409 



Dozen. 



RIPLEY COUNTY. 



497 




Minerals: — Iron in every township. Also clay and limestone. 

Land: — Topography varies from lowlands in southeast to mountains in 
northwest. In the lowlands improved farms average $25 an acre; unimproved 
$5 to $10. Cotton and corn are chief products. Westwardly and northwest- 
wardly from lowlands hills are encountered. These grow higher and more 
abrupt until in the northwest they assume mountain importance. Wherever in 
vicinity of creeks they are rock covered. Eastern one-half is more thickly settled 
and better improved. Land in improved condition sells at $20 up to $30 in ex- 
ceedingly rare instances, and improved hill farms are to be found at $5 to $10 
an acre. Unimproved mountain land in tracts of less than three or four hun- 
dred acres is had at $1.25 to $2.50 an acre. As the timber is removed, mining 
is increasing, and this with fruit raising is the hope of the county. Berries 
ripen one week in advance of crops even further south, owing to hill protection 
from north. Peaches grow perfect. 

Manufactured Products: — Railroad ties bring 26 cents in Doniphan, where 
annual shipments amount to half a million ties. Doniphan is location of two 
saw mills and one planing mill, grist mill, two roller flouring mils of 75 barrel 
capacities, small foundry, ice and cold storage plant and two stave factories. 
At Naylor is a 50 barrel flour mill; at King Bee a saw and planing mill. 

Transportation: — Frisco (Southern Missouri & Arkansas), 9.29; Iron 
Mountain (Doniphan branch), 15.93 miles of taxed roadbed. 

Schools and Churches: ^Doniphan has five churches; Naylor four. There 
are 68 school districts, averaging six months terms. Doniphan public high 
school of eight rooms contains laboratory for physics and chemistry and a refer- 
ence library. School term 9 months. Course comprises: four years English, 
four years Latin, three of history, one of science. It is approved by University 
of Missouri. 

Towns: — Doniphan, county 
seat, 1,500 inhabitants; new $20,- 
000 court house; $15,000 water- 
works system. Naylor, Varner, 
Gatewood, Pine, Poyner, Fair 
Dealing, Ponder, Current View, 
King Bee; all supported by tim- 
ber and farming. 

Newspapers : — D o n i p h a n 
Hustler, Prospect-News. 

Mo. — 32 





DONIPHAN, RIPLEY COUNTY. 




ST. CHARLES lies immediately north and west of the confluence of the 
Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Agriculture, manufacturing, horticul- 
ture and limestone are the elements of its commercial basis. Wheat 
and corn are the largest grain crops, and the county is first in onion 
production. St. Charles white corn for seed crosses the Atlantic an- 
nually. Best equipped car plant in the United States is located at St. Charles, 
the county seat. Three quarries ship immense quantities of blue limestone. 
In square miles the area is 520, or 332,800 acres, of which 220,491 are in actual 
cultivation. There are 2,297 farms, averaging 130.7 acres each in cultivable, 
pasture, and timber lands. Actual value of farm lands $11,127,188. Originally 
hard wood timber, white oak, black oak, hickory, ash, w^alnut, elm, covered 
two-thirds area. One-third this former acreage, in western part of county and 
along the Mississippi river, remains; portable saw mills are found in the 
locality. Large numbers of railroad ties are being cut. 

Building Stone: — St. Charles county court house 
is monument to stone resources. Blue limestone is quar- 
ried along the Missouri river immediately south of St. 
Charles and at St. Peters. Fire clay is mined for car 
and foundry works. Pits are located four miles west 
of St. Charles. 

Land: — One-third is rich, alluvial bottom land. 
It is defined by the rivers and on the opposite sides 
by the Wabash railroad from St. Charles to St. Peters, 
thence by the St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern to 
Old Monroe. It may be subdivided into three parts: 
first, high bottom, representing one-half of the land, 
worth $80 to $125 an acre, according to improvements 
and altitude; second, lower bottom drained, embrac- 
ing one-third of bottom land, $50 to $70; third, four 
thousand acres, approximately, of overflow land east 
of St. Peters, $20 to $25. If tiled, the latter division 
is as valuable as first. The next dividing line would 
be run through Melville, Wentzville, Mechanicsville 
and Hamburg, bounding the south and west land 
averaging $G0 an acre; this embraces one-third of the 
county. It is high-hill land, and the farms are in a 
high state of improvement. Perhaps a thousand acres 
within this strip are rocky, bluff land, and could be 
bought for $20 to $30; one-third would bring $75 or 
$80, best situated farms $100. South and west of the 
I'hoto in heading : St. Charles from the Miasouri River. 

498 



ST. CHARLES COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACKES 1 PRODUCT 


1 V.\LUE 


Corn 


59,550 


3,156,095 * 


* 962,610 


Wheat 


75,530 


2,039.310 * 


1,223,58.5 


Oals 


n,4C5 


458,56(t * 


114,640 


Hay 


Ui,14.') 


32,295 t 


209,920 


Forage 


645 


7.iOt 


3,7.50 


Broom Corn 


8 


4,000 t 


110 


Clover Seed 




2,200 * 


13,330 


Grass Seed 




50* 


70 


Tobacco 


10 


9..500 t 


a55 


Potatoes 


i,'2;« 


172,620 * 


43,155 


Vegetables 


655 




46,045 

1 $2,618,070 


Total 1 1 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


17,201 




% 5.59,0.30 


Horses 


7,4*7 




497,12.'-) 


Mules 


a,809 




210,675 


Asses and Jennets 


77 




7,700 


Sheep 


3,967 




11,900 


Swine 


:^7,137 




371,370 


Chickens 


218,5111 






Turkeys 


2,333 ', 






Geese 


2.261 {■ 






Ducks 


2,6;!7 J 






Swarms of Bees 


1.8.57 




3,190 


Honey 


41,900 t 
18,820 f 




5,240 


Wool 




;i,i:i5 


Milk 
Butter 


2,146,182 § 1 
346,975 1 (■ 




156,220 


Eggs 


1.191,!S10 II 




148,940 


Total 1 1 


$2,072,025 


* Bushels. 1 Pounds. || Do 


zen. 


t Tons. i Gallons. 





ST. CHARLES COUNTY 



491) 




last line drawn, 
the land varies more 
price and producing qual- 
creek bottom farms sell 
$65 an acre while adjoining it is land 
to be had for $5 or $10. Tax assessment at two- 
thirds valuation for this section is $15 an acre. 
Creek bottoms sell at $40 to $65 an acre. 

Population:— White, 22,332; colored, 2,142; 
native born, 21,874; foreign born, 2,600; total, 
24,474. Farm homes owned, 1,360; rented, 903; 
other homes owned, 1,223; rented, 1,336; total families, 4,822. 

Finance: — County tax, $33,242.67; school tax average, 28 cents; total as- 
sessed valuation, $12,215,190; assessed valuation one-half of real valuation; no 
county debt; no township debt. 

Manufactories: — St. Charles is a manufacturing city. American Car & 
Foundry Co., employing 1,700 men, make I'ailway cars from the ground up. The 
plant covers seventeen blocks along the river and is thoroughly equipped. Wa- 
bash, and Missouri, Kansas & Texas systems are supplied from St. Charles shops. 
Cars are sent to every civilized country. Departments include brass and malle- 
able iron foundries, wheel foundry, gray iron foundry, pattern shop, iron and 
machine shop, freight paint shop, coach wood machine shop, coach cabinet mill, 
coach erecting shop, coach paint shop, upholstering shop, mirror department, 
glass etching department, brass machine shop, brass finishing shop, brass 
lacquer and finishing department, coach blacksmith shop, lumber drying kilns, 
mechanical engineering department; organized 1873 and transferred to present 
corporation March 1, 1899. Capacity, 650 freight or thirty passenger coaches a 
month. Compressed brick plant, two stone quarries, cob pipe factory employing 
60 persons, five cigar factories, two steam laundries, three wagon and carriage 
shops; creamery at New Melle; fiouring mills at St. Charles, New Melle, Wentz- 
ville and O'Fallon. 

Transportation: — Wabash, 27.72; Missouri, Kansas & Texas, 43.80; St. 
Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern, 32.77; St. Louis & Hannibal, 5.77; St. Clair, 
Madison & St. Louis Belt Line, 2.80; St. Peters' branch St. Louis, Kansas City & 
Northwestern, 10.60 miles. Pike roads, 146; dirt, 660 miles. 

Schools: — Lindenwood College, Presbyterian school for young women, 
founded 1830; enrollment, 74; faculty, 15. Collegiate, music, elocution, and dra- 
matic art. Sacred Heart Convent, for young women; 65 enrolled. St. Charles 
Military Academy, for boys, preparatory school, St. Charles. Woodlawn Semi- 
nary, O'Fallon. High School. St. Charles. Seventy-one districts with one-third 
more schools. 

Newspapers: — St. Charles Banner-News, Cosmos-Monitor, Demokrat; 
Wentzville Union; O'Fallon Hausfreund. 




CI^AIR, 



mmmmim^'er^ 



'yuwwui'mil iip— giWj 



'V »- am- * 1 




ST. CLAIR is situated on the west side of southern Missouri. It is fifty 
miles east of Kansas and seventy miles south of the Missouri river at 
Lexington. Agriculture, stock raising, and mining are principal occu- 
pations. Tomato growing, live stock ranches and lime manufacture 
give it feature. Ranch is applied in St. Clair county to half a dozen 
farms each of not more than five hundred acres, devoted to cattle or sheep rais- 
ing. The owner places the property in the hands of an overseer, who lives upon 
the place and conducts the feeding of stock. The owner resides in town. North- 
west one-fourth of St. Clair county is prairie, commercial and industrial inter- 
ests thereof centering at Appleton City, largest town, 
population 1,133. Osceola, upon Osage river, is county 
seat; population 1,037. Lowry City, in northeast, is 
best town in its section of the county. Lime is manu- 
factured at Osceola. 

Population: — White, 17,645; colored, 262; Ameri- 
can born, 17,590; foreign born, 317; total, 17,907. Farm 
homes owned, 1,925; rented, 866; other homes owned, 
617; rented, 409; total families, 3,817. 

Finance: — County tax: general revenue, 50 cents; 
road, 15 cents; sinking fund, 15 cents; total, 80 cents; 
school tax from 12 cents to $2.40; average, 60 cents on 
one hundred dollars; assessed valuation: land and per- 
sonal, $3,521,545; merchants, $114,980; railroads. $511,- 
640; total, $4,481,165.16; assessed valuation per cent of 
actual value, 50; county debt, $7,000, outstanding war- 
rants; no township debt. 

Timber: — Forty per cent of land originally tim- 
bered; white, black, and post oak, hickory, pecan, wal- 
nut, hackberry, mulberry, elm, sycamore, cottonwood, 
chiefly in east, southeast and along streams. Com- 
mercial size almost exhausted. 

Minerals: — Coal production, 3,139 tons annually; 
operated mines at Appleton City, Dottie, Lowry City, 
luka Springs, Monegaw Springs, Taberville, Tiffin and 
Osceola. Vein at Dottie, Taberville, Tiffin and vicinity 
of Lowry City is three to four feet thick; best deposits 
eight miles or more from railroad. Iron in northeast; 
RosemonI Ranch on Sac River. 
500 



ST. CLAIR COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES ! PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


88,913 


3,111,955* 


$ 980,265 


Wheat 


10,710 


198,-300 * 


109,065 


Oats 


8,5(i6 


231 ,380 * 


61,2110 


Hay 


2T,057 


43,290 t 


231,095 


Forage 


3,480 


4,640 t 


23,200 


Flax 


1,578 


18,.312 * 


19,045 


Broom Corn 


745 


409,750 X 


11,370 


Clover Seed 




00* 


335 


Grass Seed 




1 ,600 * 


2,560 


Tobacco 


26 


16,900 t 


1,690 


Potatoes 


652 


61,940* 


21,680 


Vegetables 


1,230 




56.185 


Total 1 1 


1 8 1,517,680 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 PRODUCT | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


27,359 




$ 820,770 


Horses 


9,953 




663.535 


Mules 


1,711 




110,770 


Asses and Jennets 


82 




8,200 


Sheep 


5,022 




15,065 


Swine 


;{2,8a5 




328,250 


Chickens 


147,208 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


3,760 1 
2.853 [ 




111,245 


Ducks 


2,637 ) 






Swarms of Rees 


1 ,681 




3,i)26 


Honey 


56,033 t 




7,004 


Wool 


1!),9!)0 t 




3,332 


Milk 
Butter 


2,780,584 § ) 
457,2.57 t ( 




1.53,825 


Eggs 


200.4 JO II 




150,055 


Total 1 1 


$ 2,384,57 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || 


Dozen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photo in heading 



ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 



501 




limestone and sandstone 
along Sac and Osage riv- 
ers. Whetstone deposits in 
pockets near Monegaw 
Springs; used for souve- 
nirs of the resort. Kaolin 
and earth paint in west 
half of county. "White clay 
analyzes 61 per cent silica 
and 28 per cent alumina. 

Land: — Area, 690 
square miles; 441,600 
acres; cultivated, 219,404 
acres; number of farms, 2,- 
851; average size, 121.9 
acres; aggregate valuation, 
$5,467,725. Entering at dif- 
ferent points in the south- 
west corner of the county, 
two prongs of the Osage 
river very soon flow to- 
gether and thence con- 
tinue a northeasterly di- 
rection to the county line 
and into Benton county. 
At Osceola, this stream is joined by Sac river, which enters St. Clair county at a 
middle point on the south border. Osage has approximately 65 miles and the Sac 
27 miles of bed within the county. Northwest one-fourth of the county is undu- 
lating prairie. It is crossed by small creeks with narrow timber strips. Soil is 
uniformly prairie loam, black, with clay undersoil. Thin limestone rock is found 
at shallow depth. Bulk of prairie brings $40 to $50. One-fourth of it, embracing 
more creek, timber strips sell at $20 to $30. Along the main streams are bottom 
lands averaging three-eighths of a mile in width. Estimated at 25,000 acres. 
Soil is black, sandy, bottomless loam. Prices, $40 to $50 an acre. One-fourth of 
the county east of Sac and Osage confluence is cultivable farm lands, worth $15 
to $25. Balance ranges from $1.25 to $10 an acre. Three thousand three hun- 
dred and twenty-flve acres of government land are embraced. Wild land is 
clothed in blue stem grass. 

Manufactured Pkoducts: — Cheese, brick, and lime are manufactured. Ap- 
pleton City has three cheese plants and creameries; Osceola two lime kilns. 

Transportation: — Missouri, Kansas & Texas, 6.75; Kansas City, Osceola & 
Southern, 26.91; Kansas City, Clinton & Springfield, 29.91 miles of taxed railroad. 
Last two lines are operated under Frisco leases. County roads cross rivers by 
five large steel bridges. 

Schools: — Number of buildings, 114. High schools at Osceola, Appleton 
City. Appleton City Academy gives courses in primary, preparatory, academic, 
music, elocution, military and physical culture departments; 125 students. 

Mineral Springs: — White and black sulphur, magnesia and various chaly- 
beates, free and limestone waters. 



Monegaw Springs, Appleton City 
Springs, Taberville Springs, Chaly- 
beate, Salt Creek and County Line 
Sulphur Springs are points of min- 
eral water virtues. First two are 
provided with hotels which are pat- 
ronized during summers. Fishing 
is good. ' ' ' 

Newspapers : — Osceola Demo- osage river bridge, osceola. 

crat. Republican; Collins Advance; Lowry City Independent; Appleton City Trib- 
une, Journal. 





CENTER of the far famed southeast Missouri lead mining and smelter 
district, is St. Francois county, forty-five miles south of St. Louis. 
Last year seventy per cent of the output of lead in Missouri was 
from this county. The developed district extends along the line of 
the Mississippi River & Bonne Terre railroad from Doe Run to Jef- 
ferson county. Iron mining is likewise an important commercial and industrial 
factor of the county. Its location is in the southwest corner, centering at Iron 
Mountain, which has yielded large annual outputs for many years. Some copper 
is mined also and baryta is found in the lead district. In other things St. Fran- 
cois is not backward. All directions rock roads run out of Farmington, location 
of one State institution, the Hospital for Insane; Carleton College and Elmwood 
Seminary, and a thorough system of public schools. Bonne Terre, another lead- 
ing town, location of one of the largest concentrating plants in Missouri, is seat 
of a high school approved by the University of Missouri. 
County embraces 410 square miles of land, 262,400 
acres, of which 97,765 are devoted to agriculture. There 
are 1,277 farms, averaging 162.6 acres each in lands of 
cultivated, pasture, and timber character. Total value 
of farm lands, $8,350,675. 

Population:- — White, 23,440; colored, 611; Ameri- 
can born, 23,136; foreign born, 915; total, 24,051. Farm 
homes owned, 900; rented, 390; other homes owned, 
1,458; rented, 1,910; total families, 4,658. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents; county road tax, 
10 cents; school tax from five cents to $1.30; average, 
54 cents; total assessed valuation, $6,357,942; based 
upon thirty per cent of actual value; no county nor 
township debt. 

TiMHEu: — Varieties: White oak, black oak, post 
oak, red oak, sugar maple, black walnut, elm, cherry, 
hickory, black gum, pine, pawpaw. Red and black oak 
comprise one-half. Wherever accessible to railroad the 
largest timber has been removed. White oak repre- 
sents one-fourth of timber growth, but has been cut 
over more than any other sort. Large growth white 
oak is yet found in rough regions touching Big river 
in north, and St. Francis river in south and south- 
western corner of county. In the western and south- 
ern portions, sugar maples are numerous. Pine equal 
to two per cent of timber remains in districts remote 
from railroads. 

I'lioldK ill hfiKlini/ ; /.(</</ Miiiiiu/ histiici ; Cohiiiihhi l.iuil Ciiiniiiniji. Slid/ 1 \(i. 1'. 

502 



ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


20,546 


608,.564 * 


* 261,960 


Wheat 


14,410 


230,560 * 


136,030 


Oais 


2,.51 1 


62.775 * 


20,925 


Hay 


11,8.34 


17,750 t 


177,500 


Forage 


.3,310 


3,860 t 


19,300 


Broom Corn 


5 


2,500 t 


70 


Clover Seed 




125* 


690 


Tobacco 


18 


12.780 t 


1,280 


Potatoes 


505 


45,450 * 


21,815 


Vegetables 


525 




36,350 


Total 1 1 


1 $675,920 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


13,021 




1 .325,525 


Horses 


3,427 




205,620 


Mules 


1,295 




84,17.T 


Asses and Jennets 


1.5 




1,350 


Sheep 


:j,,547 




10,641 


Swine 


12,971 




129,710 


Chickens 


54,344 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


1,029 1 
1,.376,'' 




36,910 


Ducks 


1,060 J 






Swarms of Bees 


790 




2,0S4 


Honey 


26,-533 :: 
12,590 ; 




3,317 


Wool 




2,098 


Milk 


1,358,211 § ( 




!)9,145 


Butter 


268,963 t f 




Eggs 


347,350 II 




43,420 


Total 1 1 


$913,995 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Do 


Jen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY 



503 




Minerals : — More than 
two-thirds of county area has 
mineral prospects. One-tenth 
of prospects are developed. 
Minerals consist of lead in 
form of disseminated ore, 
zinc, iron, barite, nickel, red 
and gray granite, limestone, 
and sandstone. Copper is 
mined in small quantity. 

Land : — There are two 
clas.ses: first, the rough hill 
land found in a large area in 
southwestern corner, and the 
broken regions adjacent to 
principal streams; and the 
gently rolling areas in the 
eastern and central parts of 
the county. The latter class, 
which embraces the plateaus 
and upland valleys, is quite 
free from stones and of suffi- 
cient fertility to support ev- 
ery kind of crop. The native 
growth of linden, elm, paw- 
paw and like vegetation is 
indicative of its richness. 
Poorest land amounts to only about five per cent and is in southwest corner, 
priced at $5 an acre. The average unimproved land of southern end of county may 
be bought for $10 an acre, and the best, amounting to twenty per cent, lying be- 
tween French Village and Libertyville, will bring $12 to $15 an acre. Of the im- 
proved lands, the best is situated in the eastern part and along streams else- 
where; prices range from $15 to $20. Ridge lands are sometimes found at $5 to 
$10 an acre, intervening strips of more even and higher priced areas. Major por- 
tion of county is exceptionally well adapted to fruit growing, soil being deep, and 
subsoil of red, porous clay. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills, wagon and machine shops, nurseries, saw 
mills, creamery, bottling works, planing mills, ore reduction works, granite quar- 
ries and brick works. 

Transportation: — Iron Mountain railroad, main line and Belmont branch; 
Missouri Southern, and Mississippi River & Bonne Terre. Thirty miles of rock 
roads in county. 

Towns: — Farmington, county seat, 1,778; three flouring mills, wagon and 
machine shop, bottling works, saw mills, large nursery, Carleton College and Elm- 
wood Seminary, State Insane Asylum. Bismarck, 708, division point. Knob Lick, 
209; Bonne Terre, largest town, but unincorporated, location of concentrating 
plant, creamery, flouring mill, wagon factory. Doe Run, terminus of Bonne 
Terre railroad, mining town with large concentrating plant. Libertyville, mining 
district, population 15,000, embracing Flat River, Elvins, Desloge, Cantwell, 
Esther, Huntington, Cen- 
tral and St. Francois. 

Newspapers : — Farm- 
ington Times and Her- 
ald ; Progress. News; 
Bonne Terre Star, Demo- 
crat-Register; Flat River 
l^ead Belt News; Elvins 
Argus. 





STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



I ACRES I PKODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



KIND 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Hotiey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



FIFTY miles south of St. Louis, upon tlie Mississippi river, is Ste. Gene- 
vieve county, seat of the first settlement in Missouri. Its contribu- 
tions to the history of the State thus began early and have ever since 
extensively continued. The Catholic church exerts a strong influence 
from this center. Commercially and industrially the county is varied. 
Aux Vases sandstone is an export item of importance. Abutments for Eads 
Bridge at St. Louis were quarriea here. A large deposit of sand suitable for 
glass manufacture is found. Agriculture occupies 94,600 acres of cultivated land. 
County exports pecans. Wine making is incident to farm life. There are 
450 square miles of laud surface, equivalent to 288,000 acres. Farms number 
1,364, averaging an acreage of 169 in total of cultivated, pasture and timber lands. 
The actual aggregate value of farms is estimated at 
$2,766,934. 

Population: — White, 9,885; colored, 474; Ameri- 
can born, 9,859; foreign born, 500; total, 10,359. Farm 
homes owned, 1,149; rented, 215; other homes owned, 
335; rented, 245; total families, 1,944. Foreign popu- 
lation is German and French. 

Finance: — Total assessed valuation, $2,136,535; 
assessed valuation per cent of actual valuation, 66 2-3; 
no county nor township debt. 

Timber: — Sixty-five per cent of county is timbered. 
Black oak represents thirty-five per cent thereof; white 
oak, twenty per cent; post oak, fifteen per cent; wal- 
nut, hickory, and pecan, bearing abundance of fruit, 
represent the remainder. Walnut and pecans are 
mainly along Mississippi river and inflowing streams. 
Black oak is in south and southwest; white oak upon 
north hillsides, and post oak grows throughout the 
county. 

Minerals:— Copper, lead, zinc, iron, glass sand, 
kaolin, marble, and building stone are commercially 
utilized. Copper is mined in the eastern portion near 
the county seat. Disseminated lead was mined in Sa- 
line township in south Ste. Genevieve county, and zinc 
is found in Jackson township. Building stone quarries 
are located eight miles south of Ste. Genevieve city; 
product classed first rank. Antique marble is found 
Farm Scene; Catholic Church, Ste. Ocnevieve. 
504 



Corn 


18.35() 


578,214* 


$ 216,830 


Wheat 


33,870 


511,930* 


319,735 


Oats 


2,114 


,50,7:^5 * 


10,910 


Hay 


7,798 


11,095 t 


146,100 


Forage 


1,130 


1,670 t 


8,350 


Broom Corn 


7 


3,500 t 


'.15 


Clover Seed 




525* 


3,8il0 


Tobacco 


12 


8,520 t 


850 


Potatoes 


585 


58,.^00 * 


38,080 


Vegetables 


305 




35,6!l5 



I .f 765,625 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



I NUMBER I VALUE 



10,394 

3,586 

1,076 

20 

3,545 

30,946 

60,,5(i2 1 

1.636 ', 

2,:>10 ; 

1,007 J 

540 

18,300 1 

13,170 } 

833,1.30 § ) 

Uii,:o:i t i 

337,080 II 



$ 257,350 

215,160 

61.560 

1 ,S{IO 

10,635 

200,460 

43,965 

S41 
2,375 
2,195 

63,940 

42,135 



Pounds. 
Gallons. 



J 

Dozen. 



$ 913,613 



Photos in heading : 



STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY. 



505 



near central part of county, ten miles from Ste. 
Genevieve. Glass sand deposit extends in a 
ridge seven miles long, near the eastern bound 
ary. Granite and kaolin are found on railroad 
betMreen Ste. Genevieve and Farmington. Red 
and gray granite and oolitic limestone are 
found in western part of county. 

Land: — Best land is adjacent to the 
Mississippi river and the Saline and 
Aux Vases creeks. It sells at $50 to $75, 
and vi'here close to market occasionally 
brings $100 an acre. Uplands are 
above the average hill land for gen- 
eral farm crops, but there is some 
land rough and too rock-bearing 
for profitable cereal culture. Best 
upland improved is priced at 
from $15 to $20; the next grade, 
$10 to $15 an acre. Best class of up 
land, timbered and unimproved, is yet 
to be had at $5 to $10 an acre. There are 
2,092 acres of land owned by the United 
States government, awaiting homestead, at 
$1.25 an acre. It is located mainly in the south 
southeast and western portions. 

Fruit: — All land in Ste. Genevieve county except- 
ing the river and creek bottoms, is eminently adapted to 
fruit growing. Upland regions of Saline and Aux Vases 
creeks are specially favorable to apples, peaches, pears, grapes 
and berries. Frisco railroad, just opened direct to St. Louis, means development 
in this line. 

Manufactories: — Flouring mills are chief. About one hundred thousand 
dollars worth of surplus wheat is raised annually. Saw mills, brick yards, lime 
kilns, brewery, soda water factory, ice plant, cigar factories, creameries, are main 
supports of a large inhabitance. There are some small nurseries and every 
farmer grows grapes for table wines. 

TRAN.SP0KTATI0N : — Facilities have been trebled within the past year. Frisco 
has opened a road giving direct connection with St. Louis, broadening Ste. Gene- 
vieve markets. This is in addition to a branch line of the Missouri Pacific 
which connects with main line at Elvins. Steamboat service transports heavy 
freight from up and down the river, making Ste. Genevieve a distributing point 
for an inland area. 

Towns :^ — Ste. Genevieve, 1,707 population: two flouring mills, two cigar fac- 
tories, ice plant. St. Marys, population 576; flouring mills and general trading 
center. Bloomsdale, flouring mill, stock center. River Aux Vases, Offenberg, 
Weingarten, Avon, Lawrenceton, and Zell. 

Newspapers: — Ste. Genevieve Fair Play, Herald, News; St. Marys Progress, 
Times. 






ST LOUIS 



s 



city. 



ST. LOUIS COUNTY'S 190a CROP 



ACKES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Corn 


44,323 


2,216,150 * 


$ 831.055 


Wheat 


51,891 


1,349,165* 


796.005 


Oats 


3,381 


98,050 * 


3i,685 


Hay 


24,652 


49,315 t 


C90.270 


Forage 


7.405 


8,640 t 


43,200 


Broom Co rn 


8 


4,000 t 


no 


Clover Seed 




125* 


690 


Tobacco 


o 


1,420 1 


140 


Potatoes 


7,611 


951,375 * 


4.56,660 


Vegetables 


6,925 




452,085 



Total 



I $ 3,302,900 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 



TotaJ 

* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



T. LOUIS is a counly of liomes. It bounds the nortli, west and soutli lim- 
its of St. Louis city, metropolis of the Mississippi Valley, fourth city in 
size in the United States. The suburban feature is its first claim. 
Kirkwood, Webster Groves, Ferguson, Florissant, Maplewood, Clayton, 
are homes to an inhabitance having professional occupation in St. Louis 
DeHodiament, Wellston, Bridgeton, Valley Park, Fenton, Luxenburg, Glen- 
coe and Centaur are towns of agricultural and manu- 
facturing importance. Meramec Highlands is a sum- 
mer resort, having hotel and cottages. Truck gardens 
and small poultry farms are many. County has 250 
miles of graveled roads. 

Population: — White, 46,511; colored, 3,529; Ameri- 
can born, 42,680; foreign born, 7,360; total, 47,040. 
Farm homes owned, 2,205; rented, 1,723; other homes 
owned, 2,877; rented, 2,817; total families, 9,622. 

Finance: — County tax, 35 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax, 10 cents to $1.05; average, 
39 cents; total assessed valuation, $36,016,799; two- 
thirds actual valuation; no county nor township debt. 
Land: — Area, square miles, 492; acres, 314,880; 
number of acres cultivated, 206,863; number of farms, 
3,908; average size, 64.8 acres; estimated actual value 
of farms, $32,607,621. River bottom lands, approximat- 
ing fifty thousand acres, lie adjacent to confluence of 
Missouri and Mississippi rivers; on Missouri river, east 
of St. Charles, extending interiorward to Florissant; in 
a strip one mile wide adjoining for eight miles the Mis- 
souri river south and west of the city of St. Charles; 
and upon Meramec river, where bottom ranges up to a 
mile in width. Fertility of Meramec bottom land equals 
that of the other bottoms. Bluffs adjoin Mis sissipp i 
river south of St. Louis. Balance of St. LouTs" county 
is upland, shading to the mountainous in extreme 
I'hotoK in hcadhu) : Mcriimw llighlundii ; Kvvnlny i)i Ihc ifcromrc VuUrfi : Missnuri 
I'fiiific h'oihnij/ Stiilion. 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 

KIND I NLIMBEK | VAU 



12,365 

8,561 

4,052 

15 

1,719 

22,496 

207,803 1 

1,475 ' 

1,49,5 f 

2,806 J 

1 ,201 

40.033 ] 

7.075 i 

4,376,310 § ( 

760,006 t \ 

1,118,050 I 



ifi 401,862 

570,733 

283,640 

],.500 

5,1.57 

2-'4,960 

114,190 

3,093 
5,(101 
1,195 

471,210 

139,755 



$ 2.222, •J9;i 



: Pounds 
Gallons 



Dozen. 



ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 



507 



southwest corner. Five townships: St. 
Ferdinand, extending across county 
on north; Carondelet, soutli of 
city of St. Louis; Central, 
Bonhomme and Meramec, 
in order from east to 
west through the 
center. S t . 
Ferdinand 




contains a large portion of the finest agricultural bottom lands along the Mis- 
souri and Mississippi rivers. It also adjoins St. Louis city. Prices are as fol- 
lows: One-fifth nearest St. Louis, $250 an acre; two-fifths at $150, and two-fifths 
at $100. Carondelet township adjoins St. Louis on south; embraces Mississippi 
bluffs and rolling surface back thereof. Prices: Nearest city, one-fifth, $300; 
three-fifths, $150; one-fifth, $75 an acre. Central defines highest priced land, ad- 
joining city on west and held in small lots by speculators; middle one-third oc- 
cupied by truck gardens; in extreme west strip are few forty to eighty-acre farms, 
cheapest at $100 an acre. Highest price yet paid, $7,000 an acre. Clayton, county 
seat, here located, surrounded by farm of 460 acres, which can not be bought in 
small tracts. Surface is that of long, rolling hill land. Bonhomme adjoins Cen- 
tral on west. Average price of land, $75 an acre. Embraces Creve Coeur lake, 
favorite resort for St. Louisans. In vicinity of lake good bottom farms bring 
$100 to $125 an acre. Few tracts adjoining Missouri river may be had at $35 to 
$45. General topography, high, clay hills. Meramec, extreme west, has eight 
square miles of Missouri river bottom, worth $55 to $65, all in cultivation. Mera- 
mec river bottom likewise improved, farms sell at same prices. Most of this 
township is broken to point of mountainous. Small acreage, $10 an acre; one- 
half of it unimproved, at $20; one-fifth valley farms, near railroad, $100; ordi- 
nary farm land, $30 to $40. Hills bear gravel. Location of peach orchards. 

Glass anu Ljme: — Plate glass is made at Valley Park; lime kilns burn at 
Glencoe and Centaur. On smaller scale dairy products, wagons and buggies, 
soda water plants, canning factories operate. Flouring mills use local wheat. 

Minerals: — Fire clay, kaolin worked extensively in central portion. Sand 
taken from Meramec is coarse and sharp; forms large industry. Stone taken 
from Mississippi bluffs made into cement. Lime is also made therefrom. 

Newspapers: — Clayton Argus, County Watchman-Advocate; County Waech- 
ter. Kirkwood Courier; Wellston Herald; Maplewood: Suburban Home .Journal. 




SALINE, land of agriculture, raises annually eight million bushels of corn 
crop and in use of this immense yield its local live stock re- 
quirements for feed equal those of any other Missouri county. Saline 
is situated in a broad bend of the Missouri river, upon the south side, 
sixty miles east of Kansas City. Accretions of years account for one 
hundred miles of continuous river bottom, estimated at 125,000 acres. There are 
760 square miles of land surface, equal to 486,400 acres, of which 384,236 acres 
are cultivated. Farms average 120.7 acres; number of farms, 3,638; aggregate 
value, $18,974,190. 

Population: — White, 28,939; colored, 4,764; American born, 32,721; foreign 
born, 982; total, 33,703. Farm homes owned, 2,312; rented, 1,312; other homes 
owned, 1,835; rented, 1,561; total families, 7,020. Population of German and Ger- 
man descent largely in southwest and northeast sections. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred dollars valuation; school 
tax, average, 50 cents; total assessed valuation, $11,452,970; assessed valuation 
per cent of real valuation, 40; no county debt; township debt, $25,000. 

Timber originally skirted Missouri river in strips one hundred yards to one 
mile in width, and in narrower average along Blackwater and Saltwater cheeks. It 
occupied one-tenth surface in heavy growths of cotton- 
wood, oaks, walnut, hackberry, hickory, elder. Hill tim- 
ber was principally hickory and of less large growth. 

Near Napton coal mines supply local demands. 
Seam is too small for profitable competition. 

Land: — Basis of county's notable wealth. Consid- 
ered generally. Saline county is a high rolling prairie, 
with bottom lands on north, bounded by bluffs of lime- 
stone character. Bottoms range one to three miles in 
width, extending along river front of one hundred 
miles. Back of the first bottom is a second higher 
bottom land extending from Miami to Malta Bend, em- 
bracing twelve thousand acres, approximately. It is 
called Ptetesaw Plain. This plain includes the highest 
priced agricultural land in Missouri. Centered by the 
Chicago & Alton railroad, through the county east and 
west is an eight-mile strip of high prairie, exceptionally 
fertile. In southeast the streams cause land to be less 
level; even broken immediately upon the courses. Soil 
is here less deep — six inches on hill summits, to three 
feet upon less higher places — though still of "Saline fer- 
tility." Northwestern one-third of Saline brings $75 to 
$100 an acre, most of the farms selling at $80 to $90. 
Highest price yet paid was $131 an acre. East of this 
the per acre price is $60 to $70. South of the strip of 
ridge land centered by the Chicago & Alton railroad, 
prices range from $35 to $60; averaging $40 to $50 an 
On Farm of R. B. Wright, Mt. Leonard. 
508 



SALINE COUNTY'S 1903 CROP 


1 ACRES i PRODUCT 


V.\Ll E 


Corn 


169,400 


8,046,500 * 


$2,373,720 


Wheat 


59,345 


1.894,615* 


767,035 


Oats 


7,755 


232,650 * 


61,650 


Hay 


31.684 


63,370 t 


443.590 


Forage 


4,430 


5,5-J5 t 


27,625 


Flax 


6 


36* 


35 


Broom Corn 


146 


73,000 t 


2,010 


Clover Seed 




440* 


2,465 


Grass Seed 




180* 


325 


Tobncco 


104 


72,800 t 


6,915 


Potatoes 


1,259 


157,375 * 


50,360 


Vegetables 


1,295 




68,045 


Total 1 1 


$3,803,775 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 


49,499 




$1,608,715 


Horses 


14,776 




985,065 


Mules 


6,713 




503,475 


Asses and Jennets 


151 




18,12(1 


Sheep 


4,820 




14,4(;() 


Swine 


91,103 




911,030 


Chickens 


314.9531 






Turkeys 
Geese 


7,541 ', 
4.064 ,'■ 




176,580 


Ducks 


3,1 40 J 






Swarms of Bees 


2,712 




5.510 


Honey 


90,400 t 
23,M0 t 




11,300 


Wool 




3,725 


Milk 


3,311,895 § j 




210.665 


Butter 


579,885 t ( 




Kggs 


1,121,740 11 




140.215 


Total 1 1 


$4,594,860 


* Bushels. 1 Pounds, || Dozen. 
t Tons. § Gallons. 



Photo in heading : 



SALINE COUNTY. 



509 




acre. Representative farm home costs $1,800; fencing, wire; farm implements 
are modern; every farmer raises cattle, which account for an annual exportation 
exceeding one and one-half million dollars. 

Flour: — Constitutes the only mill product. Wheat aci'eage is vast, hence 
the location of flouring mills in nearly every town and village. 

Transportation: — Chicago & Alton, 38.808; Missouri Pacific, Lexington 
branch, 7; Missouri Pacific, Jefferson City & Boonville, 35.42 miles of taxed road- 
bed. Marshall, chief town, is within three hours of Kansas City; half a night of 
St. Louis, and one night of Chicago. 

Missouri Valley College: — Co-educational institution ranking with best 
colleges of the west. Auspices of Cumberland Presbyterian church. St. Xavier's 
Academy, conducted by Catholic church. Both schools located at Marshall. High 
schools are inducements offered by half a dozen leading towns. 

Sappington School Fund: — This is a fund established 1853 by Dr. John Sap- 
pington, a Saline citizen, for assistance to children in educational need. It now 
amounts to $53,700. 

Mineral Springs: — There are many salt springs. Sweet Springs, because of 
its salt water springs, is a popular summer resort; Big Salt Spring, seven miles 
west of Marshall, is seventy feet in diameter; McAllister Spring, on Blackwater, 
and Sulphur Spring, on Cow Creek. 

Towns: — Marshall, Miami, Gilliam, Slater, Sweet Springs, Blackburn, Arrow 
Rock, and Malta Bend. Marshall, county seat, population, 5,086; modern improve- 
ments, including asphalt streets, sewerage, waterworks, electric lights, gas. Sla- 
ter is Chicago & Alton division point; Sweet Springs is characterized by its salt 
springs. All towns are agricultural and live stock centers. 

Newspapers:— Marshall Index, Democrat-News, Citizen, Progress, Republi- 
can; Miami News; Slater Rustler; Gilliam Globe; Arrow Rock Statesman; Sweet 
Springs Herald; Blackburn Record; Malta Bend Qui Vive. 



u 





BORDERING Iowa, third west of Des Moines 
river, is Schuyler, county agricultural. In 
land and land production diversity is marked. 
It embraces prairie, and bluffs. It produces to- 
bacco, and coal. Chief among its values is live stock: 
cattle, horses and mules, swine, sheep, in order named. For comparison, however, 
sheep raising, dairying, tobacco and grass growing, pickle manufacturing and 
woolen mills may be mentioned. During the recent British-Boer war, Lancaster, 
county seat, became an important horse and mule market for a large section ex- 
tending into Iowa and Illinois. Apple orchards are an asset of every farm; one 
of these contains seventy-five acres. Farms are valued at $4,375,731. They num- 
ber, 1,645, of an average acreage of 120, including land of cultivated, pasture and 
timber types. The plow lands are 162,867 acres, out of a total of 215,040 acres 
embraced within the county's 336 square miles of land 
surface. 

Population: — White, 10,840; colored, 0; American 
born, 10,625; foreign born, 215; total, 10,840. Farm 
homes owned, 1,235; rented, 379; other homes owned 
428; rented, 299; total families. 2,341. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax, average, 46 cents; total assessed val- 
uation, $3,171,126; assessed valuation one-third actual 
valuation. County debt, $99,500; township debt, $3,500. 
Timber: — Four-fifths originally; three-fourths 
thereof has been removed. Timber embraced all except 
the pz-airie ridge, which is now traced by Wabash rail- 
road. Species are elm, oaks, hickory, in the east half; 
western one-half was largely white oak, with scattering 
elms, birch, maple and walnut. Largest timber enclos- 
ures now to be found are forty acres. Threshing ma- 
chine engines operate saw mills in making firewood and 
occasionally lumber. 

Coal: — Two seams, forty-two to forty-six inches in 
thickness, twenty-five to forty feet beneath the surface. 
Last annual produ(!tion, 3,373 tons. F'ields have just re- 
cently been opened by Iowa Central railroad. This 
year's output will exceed beyond comparison. Chief 
mines are near Zola and Queen City, seeming to follow 
Chariton river. Sand for local building purposes is ob- 
tained upon Chariton river. 
Tobacco Fields and Tobacco Barn. 
510 



SCHUYLER COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


4-^,.590 


1,831,415* 


* 585,.580 


Wheat 


2,475 


56,935 * 


34,1.55 


Oats 


4,340 


115,035* 


24,760 


Hay 


33,270 


49,910 t 


269,515 


Forage 


3,745 


4,370 t 


21,850 


Flax 


■> 


14* 


15 


Broom Corn 


2 


1 ,000 t 


30 


Grass Seed 




10,4:^5 * 


14,610 


Tobacco 


164 


155,800 J 


14,020 


Potatoes 


343 


42,875 * 


10,720 


Vegetables 


585 




20,340 


Total 1 1 


1 $995,595 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


22,195 




S 721, 3:« 


Horses 


6.985 




4(;5,665 


Mules 


899 




67,425 


Asses and Jennets 


15 




1,500 


Sheep 


27.092 




81,275 


Swine 


23,913 




239,130 


Chickens 


88.920 1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


4,785 ', 
2,958 f 




101,810 


Ducks 


1,365 1 






Swarms of Bees 


1,583 




4,935 


Honey 


52,767 1 
107,2^5 I 




(),595 


Wool 




17,870 


Milk 
Butter 


1,.597,048§( 
306,634 t * 




90,625 


Errs 


538,660 II 




67,3.30 


Total 1 1 


$1,865,485 


* Bushels. t Pounds. || Doz 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





Photos MI headiny : 



SCHUYLER COUNTY. 



511 



STATE OF IOWA 




Land: — Prairie, crossing the county 
north to south along the longitude of the 
Wabash railroad, spreading in the vicinity 
of Queen City, together with considerable 
undulating land near Vinita, covers one- 
fifth of Schuyler county's surface. Ad- 
joining Queen City are some finely im- 
proved farms, which would bring $60 to 
$70; per cent, however, is small. Best im- 
proved hill farms, the higher one-half of 
the fifteen thousand acres of bottom land, 
and the representative, well improved 
prairie farm of more than a mile and one- 
half from town, may be bought for $40 to 
$50 an acre. Along the Chariton river, 
which bounds Schuyler on the west, twen- 
ty thousand acres include some land 
which would wash away if plowed. It originally grew a dense forest of white 
oak timber. Land may be bought for $17.50 to $22.50 an acre. Estimated that 
one-half of the farms in the county sell at $35 to $40 an acre. Blue grass is indig- 
enous. Soil on prairie is a vegetable loam, black, one to four feet in depth. On 
hills it is less deep, of much similar character. In valleys soil is, of course, allu- 
vial, caused from overflows of a day's duration. 

Manufactories: — Foundry, at Queen City, makes cane mills, stationary 
steam engines, and farm implements; a woolen mill, with $30,000 worth of ma- 
chinery, has operated for years: flouring mill and creamery. Lancaster has 
flouring mill and pickle factory; Downing a flouring mill and creamery; Glen- 
wood a mill. 

Transportation: — Wabash railroad, Moberly to Des Moines, 20.05; Keokuk 
& Western, 19.57; Iowa Central, 4.32, miles taxed roadbed within the county. 

High Schools: — Lancaster High School is approved by the University of 
Missouri. School building has seven rooms, modern; Queen City High School 
has six rooms; Glenwood and Downing have graded systems, employing four 
teachers each. 

Tow.Ns; — Lancaster, county seat, population 980; hill town; court house cost- 
ing $35,000, in ceflrter square. Queen City, 770 inhabitants; prairie town and 
shipping point, on main line of Wabash railroad. Downing, 501; Glenwood, 434; 
Green Top, 284; all are supported by farming. 

Newspapers:— Lancaster Excelsior, Republican; Queen City Leader, Tran- 
script; Glenwood Phonograph; Downing News. 






SCOTbAND 







-^S^:::.^ 




SCOTLAND COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 





ACRES 1 


Corn 


64,865 


Wheat 


755 


Oats 


11,615 


Hay 


47,340 


Forage 


4,900 


Broom Corn 


54 


Clover Seed 




Grass Seed 




Tobacco 


44 


Potatoes 


613 


Vegetables 


960 



PRODUCT I VALUE 



,789,195* 
14,345* 

360,095 * 
71,010 t 
4,770 t 
27,000 t 
15* 
14,175* 
41,800 t 
88,885 * 



$ 850,705 

8,605 

90,0-,'5 

385.455 

23,850 

745 

100 

19.815 

3,760 

22,200 

36,115 



Total 



Total L 

* Bushels. ^ Pounds. 
t Tons. § Gallons 



SCOTLAND is on the Iowa border, the second county west of the State line. 
While it is devoted to general agriculture, cattle raising and vegetable 
growing are marked industries. For each farm in the county $550 worth 
of cattle values exist. Twelve and one-half thousand horses, and mules 
are to be found upon the farms. Like several counties in this section, Scot- 
land grows and pickles a large quantity of cucumbers. 
There are 440 square miles of land surface, 281,600 
acres, of which 222,498 acres are under plow or other- 
wise highly improved. There are 2,118 farms averag- 
ing in size 131.1 acres, of an actual valuation of $6,- 
479,190. The live stock values and agricultural prod- 
ucts each year nearly equals the aggregate of farm 
values. The land is generally prairie. 

Population: — White, 13,152; colored, 80; Ameri- 
can born, 13,020; foreign born, 212; total, 13,232. 
Farm homes owned, 1,556; rented, 536; other homes 
owned, 612; rented, 312; total families, 3,016. 

Finance: — County tax, $1.10 on one hundred dol- 
lars assessed valuation, which is one-fourth of the act- 
ual valuation; school tax from 15 cents to 90 cents; av- 
erage, 41 cents; total assessed valuation, $4,479,972; 
county debt, $300,000; no township indebtedness. 

Timber: — White oak, walnut, hickory and elm were 
the principal timber, which grew along the stream-ad- 
jacent portions in narrow strips. Some commercial 
timber of these five varieties is yet to be had almost 
for the asking. A few portable saw mills make rough 
board lumber for home consumption. 

Minerals: — Coal and limestone are county depos- 
its. The former in 26-inch vein has been found, but is 
without development. Limestone for local, rough foun- 
dation work, is taken from the river bluffs. 
iherdcen-Angus Cattle; Pure Scotch Collie Doijs, W. IJ. Cone. 



$ 1,441,405 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



I NUMBER I VALUE 



Cattle 




34,115 


$ 1.108,735 


Horses 




11,0.39 


735,9.35 


Mules 




1,440 


108,000 


Asses and 


Jennets 


109 


10,900 


Sheep 




14.724 


44,170 


Swine 




.38.092 


380,920 


Chickens 




128,066 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 




43,660 ', 
3,292 f 


113,535 


Ducks 




1,793 J 




Swarms o 


Bees 


2,112 


5,055 


Honey 




70,400 t 
60,180 t 


8.000 


Wool 




10,015 


Milk 
Butter 




1,83 .960 §( 
327,662 X f 


98.190 


Eggs 




629,800 II 


78,72.-) 



S 2,702,18 
Dozen. 



Photos in heading : 
Memphis; Corn Qathering. 



512 



SCOTLAND COUNTY. 



513 



STATE OF IOWA 




Character and Price of Land : — 
The soil map of Missouri shows that Scot- 
land county soil and surface is of the kind 
general in the northeast quarter of Mis- 
souri. It is generally undulating in lay and 
the soil is the mulatto colored, vegetable 
loam of from two and one-half to four feet 
deep over a subsoil of clay. Along the 
creeks there is some deviation from the 
general topography. Two branches of the 
Fabius river, two branches of the Wyacon- 
da creek, and the south branch of Fox 
river flow southeasterly to the Mississippi. 
Along these streams is bottom land, level, 
alluvial soil, amounting in total to one- 
fifth of the county. It sometimes over- 
flows, though not to the extent of serious 
injury. Farms here are selling at an av- 
erage price of $40 an acre. One-twenty- 
fifth of the county is precipitous and 
grows white oak of a scrubby size. Here 

land brings $20 to $25 an acre. The more than three-fourths of the county is 
high prairie, bringing $42.50 an acre. Prices in the prairie are remarkably uni- 
form. Improvements are high class, as characteristic of cattle raising sections. 
Creeks mentioned furnish stock water to more than one-half of the stock farms; 
wells supply the balance. Farmers are within the last few years devoting con- 
siderable time to dairying in a small way. Four large markets are within few 
hours' run of local shipping points. 

Manufactures: — Axe handles, flour, wagons, brick, tile, and cucumber 
pickles are manufactured. Material is wholly of local production. Hickory 
is perhaps the most numerous timber growing upon the streams. Farmers have 
cucumbers to sell, and the brick and tiling are made from the clay which under- 
lies the rich, black surface dirt. The wagon factories sell the pi'oduct over a 
large territory, embracing northeast Missouri, southeast Iowa, and western cen- 
tral Illinois. There are pickle tanks in the county, with capacity for a thousand 
bushels of cucumbers. 

Schools:- — Good schools are within reach of every farm home, and the towns 
have school systems of merit. Memphis public school system is crowned with a 
high school doing work approved by the State University. 

Towns: — Memphis, county seat, population 2,195, is supported by farming 
and stock raising. Stock sales are held here, and the town is the leading trad- 
ing point in the county. Rutledge, population 292; Arbela, 169; Granger and 
Gorin, 87, are live centers of their respective farming districts. 

Newspapers: — Memphis: Scotland County Democrat, Reveille, Chronicle; 
Gorin: Argus, Missouri State News; Rutledge Record; Arbela Rural Route 
News; Granger Gazette. 




SCOTT 




FOUR million, nine hundred and thirty-five thousand watermelons and 
twenty thousand baskets of cantaloupes were grown in Scott county 
last year. Scott is situated upon the Mississippi river, fifth county 
south of St. Louis, and holds the State record for melons. Eight to 
ten thousand acres in the southeastern corner of the county are de- 
voted to melon growing. Yield per acre reaches six hundred melons — half a car 
load. One hundred and twenty-five thousand and ninety-four acres of the coun- 
ty's 277,760 acres are in a state of cultivation. There are 1,341 farms, averaging 
135.6 acres each of land of different descriptions. Estimated actual valuation of 
farms, 4,517,063. Topographically, Scott county is both level and uneven, former 
character embracing lowlands in all places excepting 
in the northeast corner. Wheat is the largest cereal 
export and corn is second. 

Population: — White, 12,587; colored, 505; Ameri- 
can born, 12,765; foreign born, 327; total, 13,092. Farm 
homes owned, 606; rented, 745; other homes owned, 
442; rented, 790; total families, 2,583. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars; road tax, 15 cents; school tax, 10 cents to $1.30; 
average, 54 cents; total assessed valuation, $4,274,120; 
farm lands assessed on one-fourth; town property on 
one-third basis; no county nor township debt. Land in 
three drainage districts is under a total Indebtedness 
of $180,571.88, each farm bound for its proportionate 
part. 

Timhkr: — Indigenous species are gumwood, white 
oak, black oak, elm, maple, cypress, cottonwood, poplar. 
Cypress has been mostly removed. Gumwood, now of 
most commercial value, exists in southern and western 
portions and originally amounted to 30 per cent of low- 
land timber. Acres timbered, total, 152,666. 

Minerals: — Iron, limestone, sandstone, pottery, 
brick and paint clays. Kaolin is found on west side of 
hills, near Oran. Yellow ochre also occurs here. 

Land: — Soils are of these classes: Gravelly clay 
loam, in hills; alluvial, along streams; lowlands, rich 
in vegetable matter, but water-soaked, and sandy 
Photos in hendiny: I.„iiilin<i WatcrmclotLi. nriii<;iti<i to Riiilinin Cur iit HUtiUntt. 
and Slacked in Car. 



SCOTT COUNTY'S 190i CROP j 




ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


85,461 


931 ,986 * 


$ 345,745 


Wheat 


oil, 190 


819,040 * 


483.235 


Oats 


884 


«,4.50 * 


3.8 1.-) 


Hay 


4,983 


7,400 t 


96,200 


Forage 


2,808 


2.690 t 


i;i,450 


Clover Seed 




655* 


3,60;i 


Tobacco 


8 


5,680 1 


570 


Potatoes 


.324 


25,920 * 


12,440 


Vegetables 


4,43? 




9.i,14() 


Total 


1 


1 $1,053,200 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 


1 NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




10,646 




$ 2(;6,1.50 


Horses 




2.916 




174,960 


Mules 




3,415 




221,Hr;) 


Asses and Jen 


nets 


11 




990 


Sheep 




671 




2,013 


Swine 




23,588 




235,830 


C'hickens 




61,949 1 






Turkeys 




2,39vJ ; 




37,870 


Geese 




2,613 ,'' 






Ducks 




4,069 ) 






Swarms of Be 


es 


1,600 




2,5 IS 


Honey 




53.333 1 
3,680 J 




6,667 


Wool 






ti05 


Milk 




78.5.761 § I 






Hutter 




134,745 t ( 






l^'KSs 




a68,080 II 




32,885 


Total 


1 1 


$ 1,048,84.! 


* Bushels. 


t Pounds II Do 


zen. 


^t Tons. 


§ Gallons. 





SCOTT COUNTY. 



515 



textured. Line drawn through Com- 
merce, Morley, Oran, Rockview, Kel- 
so, and Gray's Point, back to point of 
beginning, circumscribes the first, 
adapted to fruit growing and general 
farming. Unimproved lands sell at 
$.5 to $1.5; improved, at $30 average. 
Improved bottoms, $40 to $60; unim- 
proved, $10 to $30. In southern, 
southwestern and western Scott coun- 
ty, land is generally level. One- 
fourth in southwest corner is low- 
land, four-fifths drained and in grain 
service. One-fifth undrained is con- 
fined to extreme west side. Between 
the railroads, in southern extreme, is 
triangular shaped region, one angle 
at Oran and other two on county 
line in south, that consists of a fertile 
black loam. In southwest corner of 
this area is located Sikeston ridge, 
where soil is unsurpassed. East of 
black soil region is sandy land, ex- 
celling in melon production. Be- 
tween this and Mississippi river are 
several hundred acres of best bottom 

soil, land selling at $40 to $60 an acre. Last of lowlands have recently been se- 
cured from government and drainage begun. 

Transportation: — Railroads: St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, Bel- 
mont Branch and Cairo Branch; St. Louis, Memphis & Southwestern; St. Louis 
& Gulf; Cotton Belt. Mississippi river is highway for heavy freight traffic. 

Fish and Gamk: -All Mississippi river varieties of fish are plentiful and 
small game abounds. An occasional deer is killed. Duck shooting is chief 
sport for huntsmen. 

Newspapers :^ — Sikeston Democrat, Herald; Benton Record, Kicker. 
Towns: — Sikeston, population, 1,077, railroad junction, center of farming, 
flouring mill, cooperage works. Commerce, population, 588, on Mississippi river, 
being thus a river freight point, flouring mill and cooperage; Oran, railroad 
junction, shipping point and business center; Morley, 437 people, railroad junc- 
tion, third in watermelon shipping importance; Benton, in- 
land county seat; Blodgett, 209, chief watermelon shipping 
point, large luml er interests; Diehi- 
stadt. New Hamburg, 
Vanduser, Gray's 
Point, Kelso; all trad- 
ing centers. 





BOWMAN-MATTHEWS 
MILLING CO., 
SIKESTON. 




SHANNON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



THE leading commercial feature of Shannon county is timber. It is in 
the second tier of counties north of Arkansas and the fifth west of 
the Mississippi river. The area is 960 square miles, 614,400 acres, 
upon which originally grew an unbroken forest of white, black, post 
and scrub oak; pine, hickory, elm, maple, ash, sycamore, hackberry, 
Cottonwood and walnut. Yellow pine and the oaks predominated and yet are 
found in intermingled strips throughout the county. Yellow pine has yielded 
wealth to large lumber concerns at Winona and Birch Tree. Oaks are dis- 
appearing rapidly owing to railroad tie manufacture, wherein farmers employ 
winter months. 

As the timber disappears, farming, stock raising and mining take its place. 

More than a thousand cars of iron were exported in 1903. Carbonate of zinc, 

zinc, silver and traces of gold are found upon or near the surface. Copper ore 

yielding eighty-five per cent copper and $6 a ton gold has been found at the 

Casey Copper Mine, two miles north of Eminence. 

Lead ore almost pure is found. Capital is awaited for 

the development of these mineral indications. 

Population: — White, 11,241; colored, 6; American 
born, 11,131; foreign born, 116; total, 11,247. Farm 
homes owned, 961; rented, 393; town homes owned, 
341; rented, 474; total families, 2,169. 

Land: — Shannon county is mountainous. Of its 
960 square miles, 50,665 acres are included in the 1,311 
Improved farms. These farms average 120.5 acres, of 
an actual value of $2,705,636, in total. In live 
stock importance, hogs lead, because of free range and 
minimum amount of attention required. Fat hogs are 
generally marketed without corn. Cattle come next, 
and then horses. One-tenth of the county is in actual 
cultivation. Of this, three-fourths is valley and bottom 
land bordering streams, though more extensively along 
the railroad and in the northeast one-fourth of the 
county. The remaining one-fourth is ridge land, lying 
chiefly between Eminence and Ink, and in the south- 
western part of the county. One-half of the farms are 
to be had at $10 per acre and the balance at less than 
$25. The nine-tenths wild land may be classified into 
pine lands and cut-over lands. The former are mainly 
held by saw mill companies who refuse to sell. Small 
tracts, however, are sometimes to be had at $3 to $5 

Log Train and 8aw Mill, Oznrk Land & T^umhrr Cn.^ Witwnn. 





ACRES 


PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


21,680 


542,000 * 


$203,250 


Wheat 


4,035 


44 ,.385* 


2t5,185 


Oats 


913 


18,'^60 * 


fi,n85 


Hay 


4.791 


7,185 t 


61,075 


Forage 


535 


6-^5 t 


3,125 


Clover Seed 




15* 


85 


Grass Seed 




10* 


20 


Tobacco 


22 


15,620 t 


l,5t;0 


Potatoes 


273 


20,475 * 


9,830 


Vegetables 


350 




21,100 



I $332,315 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VA'.UE 


Cattle 


8,811 


$ 198,347 


Horses 


2,429 


145,740 


Mules 


1,081 


64,860 


Asses and Jennets 


24 


2,160 


Sheep 


2,391 


7,173 


Swine 


18,210 


182.100 


Chickens 


39,0071 




Turkeys 
Geese 


891 ', 
1,195 1' 


22,540 


Ducks 


2,311) J 




Swarms of Bees 


327 


915 


Honey 


10,900: 
7,140:; 


1 ,363 


Wool 


1,190 


Milk 


864,720 § ( 


74,925 


Butter 


151,122 t \ 


Eggs 


209,930 II 


26,240 



1727,453 



X Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photo in heading : 



516 



SHANNON COUNTY. 



517 




per acre. The bulk of 
the wild land is cut 
over and sells at $2 to 

Manufacturing is 
the chief industry, in 
line with the timber 
interests. Two lum- 
ber mills, one at Wi- 
nona and another at 
Birch Tree, employ 
750 men. The mill of the Ozark Land & Lumber Company at Winona, draws 
from the pine lands of Shannon, Carter and Oregon counties, where the com- 
pany owns 45,000 acres of untouched timber, besides 100,000 acres of cut over 
land ready for homestead. The mill includes: saw mill, planing mill, loading 
shed, refuse burner; and the lumber stock covers 30 acres. The sawing capacity 
is 140,000 feet daily and the planing capacity 150,000 feet. The company oper- 
ates 40 miles of standard guage road, 45 miles of telephone system, and an 
electric light plant of 600 sixteen-candle power lights and arc lights. 

The Cord-Fisher Lumber Company, at Birch Tree, owns 10,000 acres of 
yellow pine forest and 60,000 acres cut over. The mill capacity is 130,000 and 
the planer 85,000 feet daily. It can put out 22,000 laths per day and has a dry 
kiln capacity of 30,000 feet. The mill operates 26 miles of telephone. 

Railroad tie industry is large. Most ties are rafted down Current river to 
Chicopee, in Carter county, where they are put on the railroad. 

There are several grist mills in Shannon, and flouring mills are located at 
Alley, Cedargrove and Birch Tree. 

The Frisco railway from Springfield to Cape Girardeau crosses the south 
end of the county and has 27.30 miles of track therein. 

Water is largely furnished by springs, which in the main supply the clear, 
swift-running streams. Current river is the largest stream. It abounds in 
trout, bass, jacksalmon, crappie, mountain trout, redhorse, suckers and fish of 
other less plentiful varieties. Current river scenery is famous. 

Towns:— Principal towns are, Winona, Birch Tree and Eminence, the first 
two being railroad towns and the latter the inland county seat. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents; school tax, average 55 cents; total as- 
sessed valuation, $2,213,438; two-thirds actual valuation. No debts. 

Newspapers: — Eminence Current Wave, Journal; Winona Democrat; Birch 
Tree Record. 




:.dfm^ 




SHELBY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



I ACKES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



Total 



* Hiishols 
t Tons. 



SHELBY is situated in noi'theast Missouri. Its eastern border is thirty 
miles west of Hannibal; its southern line seventy-five miles north of 
the Missouri river; its northern boundary forty-five miles south of 
Iowa. General farming and live stock raising are the chief pursuits. 
In timothy seed production the county excels. Corn, horses and mules, 
pure bred and beef cattle aggregate in value more than a million dollars each. 
A feature in the cattle industry of Shelby is that of pure bred sales, one of 
Hereford and one of Shorthorn each year. Footings therefor run from twenty 
to thirty thousand dollars annually. Sheep are raised. At Shelbina is held an 
annual fair which gives stimulus to live stock breeding and agriculture. The 
chief social event of the year is the Old Settlers' Reunion at Shelbyville, county 
seat. There are 514 square miles of land surface, equal to 328,960 acres, of 
which 245,638 acres are subject to plow. Farms average in size 124.2 acres 
each, to the number of 2,475, of an estimated actual worth $6,993,148. 

Population:- — White, 15,488; colored, 679; Ameri- 
can born, 15,829; foreign born, 338; total, 16,167; farm 
homes owned, 1,790; rented, 639; other homes owned, 
707; rented, 511; total families, 3,647. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents; road tax, 20 
cents; school tax from 10 cents to $1.00, average 38 
cents; total assessed valuation, $5,826,014; assessed 
valuation of real valuation forty per cent. No county 
debt; no township debt. 

Timber: — Originally five-twelfths timbered with 
oak, elm, walnut, ash, sycamore, cherry, hackberry and 
birch. Two-thirds removed. Large trees stand for 
shade in midst of blue grass pastures. Railroad ties 
and pile stuff are shipped from Shelbina, Clarence, 
Hunnewell, Lakenan and Lentner. 

Limestone and Coal: — Limestone of commercial 
quality is found upon Salt river. It is used only 
locally. Coal is found at a point five miles east of 
Shelbyville. Mining methods are crude. The min- 
eral is worked by farmers who haul it by wagon to 
town. 

Lam): — Shelby county embraces level prairie, 
long-rolling hills and, along the creeks, bluff land. The 
prairie lies largely in the south and west, is the high- 
est priced and attains the price summit adjacent Clar- 
ence and Shelbina, the leading railroad towns. Hill 
_ lands obtain throughout the county, alternating with 
Sliilhy County Furtii Heme. 
618 



Corn 


80,440 


2,458,835 * 


$ 1,054,945 


Wheat 


14.ab0 


371,350* 


321,600 


Oats 


6,085 


281,805* 


,'i7,8-'5 


Hay 


4.3,750 


((5,6-JO t 


.328,100 


Forage 


10,115 


1 1 ,800 t 


59,000 


Flax 


2(1 


140* 


145 


Broom Corn 


11 


5,500 t 


1.50 


Cloi/er Seed 




40* 


265 


Gr,iss Seed 




2r,-J.iO * 


;iS,1.50 


Tobacco 


88 


86,100 \ 


8,2.^0 


Poia.oes. 


.574 


86,100 * 


21 ,.52.5 


Vegetables 


760 




38,1.50 



I $ 1,821,1 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 


29,051 


$ 944,1.55 


Horses 


1 1 ,870 


758,000 


Mules 


3,888 


2.51,100 


Asses and Jennets 


114 


11,4(10 


Sheep 


28,887 


71, 495 


Swine 


89.905 


399,050 


Chickens 


]3i),910 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


3,T23 1 
4,286 [ 


115,910 


Ducks 


1.959 J 




Swarms of Bees 


2,867 


6,22.-) 


Honey 


95„567:: 
89.450:: 


11,046 


Wool 


14,910 


Milk 


1,988,674 § / 


135,:i(i0 


Butter 


:W5,808 t \ 


EgRS 


1,0:)2,620 II 


131,575 



I * 2,884,126 



t Pounds 
§ Gallons 



Doisen. 



riiuio 



In ililiiifj 



SHELBY COUNTY. 



519 



prairie strips, and growing more dis- 
tinct toward the northeast corner, 

where is the remaining timber. Bluffs 

are mostly along ravines in northeast 

Shelby county. Prairie farm lands 

along the Burlington railroad range 

in price fi'om $35 an acre, to $75 in 

the vicinities of Clarence and Shelbina. 

Two-thirds of the pi'airie may be 

bought at $50. Away from the rail- 
road same character of land brings 

$30 to $50. One-fourth may be had 

at $35 and less. Land originally tim- 
bered sells at $25 to $60. One-half 

hill land is available at $35. Bottom 

lands, which are generally less w^ell 

improved, sell at $25 to $45 an acre. 

In the northeast corner of Shelby 

county perhaps one thousand acres 

of rough land may be bought at $15. 

Hill land soil is adapted to bluegrass, 

timothy, clover, wheat and oats. In 

color it is brown and in texture por- 
ous. Prairie soil is black loam. Largest farm in the county is two thousand 
acres. 

Flour, cornmeal, wagons and cigars are manufactured. Flouring mill of 
100 barrel capacity is located at Shelbina; one is at Clarence and one at Bethel. 
"New Century" and "Morgan" wagons are made at Shelbina. 

Railroads: — Burlington, Kansas City to St. Louis, Hannibal and Chicago: 
30 miles roadbed crossing county east to west. 

Chukches: — At least one church within three miles of any given point. 
Represent all Protestant denominations. 

"High Schools at Shelbina, Shell)yville and Clarence are among first rank 
high schools of Missouri. 

Fish: — Bass, channel and mud cat and crappie are caught. The record is 
sixteen two-pound fish in one hour. 

Towns: — Shelbina, Clarence and Shelbyville are vigorous, farming com- 
munities with modern improvements; electric lights, telephone exchanges, ma- 
cadamized streets, public parks. First two have additional advantage of ship- 
ping points. Last named is county seat. There are no saloons in the county. 
Jury trials average less than half dozen a year. Court holds about eight days 
a year. Hunnewell, Bethel, Lakenan and Lentner, farming towns. 

Newspapers: — Shelbina Torchlight, Democrat; Shelbyville Herald, Guard; 
Clarence Courier, Farmer's Favorite; Hunnewell Graphic. 



I LEWIS COUNTY 






STODDARD 



TIMBER and agriculture are the reliance of Stoddard county. Origin- 
ally the land, of two distinct types, was covered with a timber growth 
representing eighty-three different varieties. In natural sequence, as 
the former is converted into shingles, handles, hubs, lumber, spokes, 
cooperage and other products of local mills, agriculture is extended. 
Couniy is one hundred and ten miles south of St. Louis and twenty miles west 
of the Mississippi river. It embraces 840 square miles of land, 537,600 acres, 
including both hill and the southeast Missouri lowlands. Improved farms in- 
clude 142,759 acres, less than one-third. Farms num- 
ber 2,873, average acreage of which is 79.2 acres, of a 
total actual valuation of $5,342,340. 

Population: — White, 24,622; colored, 148; Ameri- 
can born, 24,521; foreign born, 148; total, 24,770. Farm 
homes owned, 1,819; rented, 1,288; other homes owned, 
687; rented, 1,170; total families, 4,964. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 10 cents to $1.35, average 53 
cents; total assessed valuation, $5,065,230 assessed val- 
uation fifty per cent of real value; no county debt; no 
township debt. 

Land: — Middle part of county north to south is 
Crowley's Ridge, which swings, with occasional breaks, 
in a broad curve from Cape Girardeau, Missouri to 
Helena, Arkansas. In Stoddard, upon the east edge it 
presents a cliff, averaging 100 feet high. Cotton Belt 
railroad marks this cliff. On the west, the ridge 
gradually seeks level with lowlands. Ridge land rep- 
resents one-half of the county. Soil is yellow-red clay, 
some sand, and overlays gravelly clay, very tenacious. 
Top soil is one to four feet in depth. In this half, the 
representative farm is 100 acres with sixty acres un- 
der cultivation, farms worth $20 an acre. Adjoining 
towns of Bloomfield and Dexter it reaches $50. Fif- 
teen per cent of hills, timbered, sells at $10. East of 
and adjoining Crowley's Ridge is lowland, only ten per 
cent improved. Away from town this sells at $15 to 
Wheat and Corn at Bloomfield and Cuttimj Oats at <Dudlcy. 
520 



STODDARD COUNTY'S 190 


•CROP 


1 ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


59,042 


1,712.318* 


* 642,080 


Wheat 


28,3S4 


482,540 * 


284,690 


Oats 


3,080 


84,840 * 


28,280 


Hay 


7,5.il 


11.325 t 


113,250 


Forage 


500 


E85t 


2,925 


Broom Corn 


20 


10,000 \ 


275 


Clover Seed 




15* 


8-1 


Grass Seed 




110* 


2J0 


Cotton 


5,8.50 


2,183,7.50 1 
40,470 t 


163,780 


Tobacco 


57 


4.045 


Potatoes 


440 


39,000 * 


19,010 


Vegetables 


760 




33,150 


Total 1 




1 S 1,291, .'^lO 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 


MUMBKR 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 




15.752 




$ 393,800 


Horses 




6,428 




385,680 


Mules 




:{,ilo 




217,700 


Asses and Jennets 




37 




3,330 


Sheep 




2,405 




7,224 


Swine 




39,708 




397,080 


Chickens 




109,380 1 






Turkeys 




2,.304 1 




65 605 


Geese 




8,132 i 






Ducks 




7,524 J 






Swarms of Bees 




2,934 




6,443 


Honey 




97,800 t 




12,225 


Wool 




9,510 X 




1,585 


Milk 
Butter 


\; 


35.035 § ( 
29,,S48 X \ 




133,215 


Eggs 




509,480 II 




03,685 


Total 1 


1 


$ l,687..5-3 


* Bushels. t Poun 


ds. II D02 


en. 


t Tons. § GalU 


ns. 





Photos in heading : 



STODDARD COUNTY. 



521 




$20; near Essex, Dexter Gray's Ridge, Frisco, Ber 
nie, Idalia, Bell City, Ardeola and Zeta $20 to $30 
with an occasional $40 farm. Remaining ninety 
per cent is wild land selling at $6 to $10. 
To this $5 an acre may be added for 
drainage. Nearly $200,000 has been 
spent in draining. United States 
government, Missouri State gov- 
ernment and Stoddard county 
co-operate in drainage. Some 
farmers shallow ditch, 
three feet, to good result. 
Public drainage ditches 
number three: one ditch 
south from Bernie; sec- 
ond in same direction on 
a line with Dexter and 
third south from Essex. 
Soil is mulatto alluvial, 
adapted to wheat, cotton, 
corn hay and vegetables. Places 
are strongly sand and here are 
grown melons. Twenty thousand 
acres of this in north belongs 
to a land and lumber company. 
Nearly all originally overflowed. 
One-sixth portion remaining is about 
same type lying west of Crowley's 
Ridge. North one-third is cleared and 
in fairly well improved farms, worth 
$20 to $25; near Puxico a few farms sell at $40; south two-thirds improved 
sells at $15 to $20; wild land, $10. All overflows. Titles are warranted. 

Timber:— Twenty-one kinds of oak; walnut, hickory, red, black and white 
gum, poplar. Forty per cent land is cleared. Saw mills 20,000 to 35,000 feet 
daily capacity, located at Bloomfield, Dexter, Essex, Dudley and Zeta. 

Clay for brick, tile and earthenware manufacturing is plentiful; likewise 
gravel in hills. Limestone in hills. 

Manufactures: — Timber products are fii'st. Flour, whiskey, earthenware. 
Cotton is ginned. Flour mills are up to 300 barrels daily capacity. 

Traxsfortatign: — Three railroads into St. Louis; Iron Mountain, Cairo, 
Arkansas & Texas, 28.05; Cotton Belt, 37.46; Frisco (St. Louis & Memphis), 
25.80; (St. Louis & Gulf), 27.71 miles taxed roadbed. New road is being built 
through Bloomfield from Van Duser, Scott county, to Campbell, Dunklin county. 
Levee roads: west from Bloomfield toward Greenville, ten miles; part of old 
line from Cape Girardeau to Poplar Bluff lies across northwest corner; Old New 
Madrid levee road crosses southeast bottoms from Bloomfield. 

Schools: — High schools at Dexter and Bloomfield approved. Buildings 
contain 12 and 7 rooms respectively and are among best in Missouri. Christian 
College at Dexter, preparatory school. 

Towxs:— Dexter, supported by wood work factories and farming; cotton 
gin, heading and stave factory, hub and spoke factory, coiled elm hoop factory, 
two axe handle factories, machine shop, brick yard, ships seven hundred car 
loads timber products annually. Bloomfield, county seat, farming and earthen- 
ware factory. Puxico, fai-ming; Advance, Bell City, Bernie, Dudley and Essex. 

Newspapers: — Dexter Messenger, Stoddard County Democrat; Bloomfield 
Vindicator, Courier; Puxico Index; Advance Guard. 



STONE 




STONE COUNTY'S lOOa CROP 



I ACKES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Corn 


29,606 


Wheat 


12,770 


Oats 


1,834 


Hay 


7,8 lo 


Korage 


210 


Broom Corn 


U 


Clover Seed 




Cotton 


30 


Tobiicco 


60 


Potatoes 


217 


Vegetables 


420 



Total 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of liees 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butler 

Eggs 



Total I 

* Bushels. t Pound: 
t Tons. § Gallon 



NATURAL resources of Stone county include timber, both hardwood 
and yellow pine, minerals, mineral waters from numerous springs, 
picturesque scenery and fruit and live stock pasture lands. Stone 
is three counties east of Indian Territory and borders Arkansas 
on the south. Land is mountainous, especially so in the southern 
liart and adjacent to White river and its principal tributary, James Pork. Along 
these streams are caves known to embrace large acreages. They are usually 
filled with stalactitic and stalagmitic formations of matter resembling onyx. 
Area of the county is 516 square miles, 330,240 acres, of which 257,113 acres are 
timbered. Pine timber is estimated at three per cent, worth approximately fifty 
thousand dollars. The various oaks are chief, aggregating a value several 
times that of the pine and largely augmented by the recent construction of the 
Missouri Pacific main line railroad from Kansas City to Memphis which runs 
across Stone county from northwest to southeast. Sulphur springs include the 
famous Ponce de Leon spring where many parties camp in the warm summer 
months. Well known Marble Cave, sixteen miles southeast of Galena is a won- 
derfully attractive cavern in which scientists have 
taken much interest because of its onyx deposits. 
Agriculture is confined to the valleys of White river 
and tributary creeks. Seventy-three thousand, one 
hundred and twenty-seven acres are in cultivation. 
The farms number 1,627, averaging 104.8 acres each of 
tillable, pasture and timber lands. Estimated worth 
$1,174,170. Government land subject to homestead at 
$1.25 an acre, 13,044 acres. 

Population:— White, 9,888; colored, 4; American 
born, 9,847; foreign born, 45; total, 9,892. Farm 
homes owned, 1,282; rented, 376; other homes owned, 
165; rented, 168; total families, 1,991. 

Finance: — County tax, 65 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax. 40 cents to $1.00, aver- 
age, 65 cents; assessed valuation per cent of real valu- 
ation, 50 cents; assessed valuation, $1,432,310; county 
debt, $22,500; no township debt. 

TiMHEu: — Railroad ties and cedar posts have for 
many years been wagon hauled and floated to market, 
and recent railroad has lent impetus to the industry. 
The entire county is timbered except in extreme north 
end and along the stream bottom lands, where lie the 
farms. Estimated that white oak represents twenty- 
seven per cent; black oak, twenty per cent; black-jack, 
twelve per cent; post oak, ten per cent; pine, hickory. 



888,180 * 

191,640* 

5\120* 

9,145 t 

280 t 

7,150 i 

(;20 * 

8,400 t 

39,000 t 

21,700* 



$ 279,775 

105.400 

14,.'J80 

64,015 

l,4i'0 

1 '.)-> 

3,170 

570 

3,900 

7,.595 

15,215 



,115 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



I NUMBER I VALUE 



10,939 

3,914 

1,183 

51 

4,4,56 

18.736 

64,5121 

2,183 I 

2,372 f 

1,643J 

50.S 

16,8:33 t 

14,215 t 

1 ,080,.i:i6 § / 

197,087 t f 

402,3-30 II 



$ 27:3,475 

2!4,840 

70,980 

4,860 

13,:370 

187,:3t;0 

39,740 

1 ,272 
2.104 
2,369 

70,725 

50,290 



Photo in heading: A tilone County UiiUiile. 

522 



STONE COUNTY. 



523 




walnut, sycamore, maple, elm, ash and 
linden the balance. 

Minerals: — Marble, onyx, lead, 
zinc, tripoli, iron, clays. Lead is found 
all over county, but not as yet in pay- 
ing quantities. Most favorable indi- 
cations found are ten miles east of Ga- 
lena. Marble and onyx are found in 
caves along river sides. Limestone is 
abundant. No mineral development of 
consequence. 

Land: — Northern one-third is 
rough as a whole, but contains many 
gentle slopes and table lands and val- 
leys. In a general way the southern 
portion is very broken, the most moun- 
tainous being along the rivers. Along 
White and James rivers are valleys of 
alluvial soil, fertile enough to grow 
best of grain crops. Hill sides are 
generally too rough for cultivation but 
are clothed in a blue stem grass. In 
extreme southwestern coi'ner and also 
a section northwest of Galena land is 
suitable for general farming purposes. 
Soil the county over, excepting bot- 
toms, is limestone with a heavy admix- 
ture of flint fragments and a red lime- 
stone subsoil also containing flint 
gravel. Improved bottom lands are 
bringing $15 to $25 an acre; unimproved $8 to $12. Uplands may be had for $5 
to $10 where under improvement and $1.25 to $7.50 unimproved, depending 
mostly upon individual size and quantity of timber. 

MANaFACTORiEs: — County boasts flouring mills run by water, canning fac- 
tories, broom factories, distilleries and saw mills. 

TRANsror.TATioN : — Missouri Pacific railroad, Kansas City to Memphis, just 
completed. White river is used for timber transportation. 

I'oNCE DE Leon Spring: — There are numerous springs welling from the 
mountain sides. Limestone and sulphur waters are found. A spring of the 
latter is located at Galena. The largest is at Ponce de Leon. River scenery 
and mountain air, fishing and hunting and spring water attract many camping 
parties in summer. 

Towns: — Galena, county seat; Crane, Ruth, are trading centers of respective 
farming districts. 

Newspapers: — Galena News, Galena Oracle. 





SULLIV^ 



SULLIVAN is in nortli Missouri. It lies fifteen miles south of Iowa, sixty- 
five miles west of the Mississippi river, and contains 656 square miles 
land area. Cattle raising and feeding, and horse breeding are main 
sources of revenue. Within the county are twelve pure-bred cattle 
herds, some of which are among the best Hereford, Shorthorn, PoUed- 
Angus, and Red Polled herds of Missouri. There are also several horse stables, 
one of which handles Percheron. Last year this stable sold eleven stallions and 
thirty-one mares under the hammer at an average of $514.37 per head. Regina, 
28817, one of the number, brought $2,500. Dr. Horine, 28821, yearling stallion, 
sold for $1,100. There are 419,840 acres, of which 323,868 acres are improved 
farms. Number of farms, 3,101, average size, 129.9 acres of arable, pasture and 
feed-lot land. Estimated value of farm lands, $6,382,353. 

Okiginal Timber: — It was elm, white oak, black oak, hickory, maple, wild 
cherry, birch, walnut, box elder, pin oak, cottonwood, hackberry and sycamore. 
Eastern and western creeks grew more white oak, while abundance of elm in 
central portion gave strip extending north and south 
across the county the name of "Elm Woods." Two 
thirds timber has been removed as cordwood and rail- 
road ties. Former is now shipped from Greencastle and 
Reger. Sawed posts sell at fifteen to twenty cents; ten 
cents for hewn posts. Milan is seat of two stationary 
saw mills and there is one at Reger. Portable mills are 
many. 

Coal: — Thought to underlie half the county. At 
Milan a 42-inch vein was worked until 1895, when shaft 
burned; it has not been replaced. Limestone in great 
quantity is found upon the streams. It is used only for 
local foundation purposes. 

Land: — Topographically, Sullivan county is rolling, 
even broken along the streams, making the soil widely 
diversified. Here a rich bottom farm, adjacent thereto 
is one comprising hills and low-lying bluffs, and a third 
next adjacent of undulating prairie. Medicine, Yellow, 
Mussel, and Spring creeks parallel north to south and 
furnish abundant stock water. All lands grow grasses 
with native adaptability; hence Sullivan is a stock rais- 
ing county. Timber lands skirt the streams; it is bot- 
toms and bluffs. Then are the hills, one hundred and 
fifty feet higher than complemental valleys, rising 
gradually, and thirdly, high, rolling prairies, more ex- 
tensive and frequent in the western one-third and in 
the south half of the eastern one-third. Soil is 
black loam, ten to twenty inches deep over clay subsoil, 
both in prairie and hills. One-half the prairie can be 
Photos in headiny : SulUvan County Cattle. 

624 



SULLIVAN COUNTY'S 190'2 


CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


71,620 


2,793,100 * 


% 8.il,S95 


Wheat 


741 


14,820* 


8,890 


Oats 


2,000 


68,000 * 


17,000 


Hay 


84,610 


126,920 t 


63»,600 


Forage 


9,600 


112,0001 


56,000 


Broom Corn 


4 


2,000 X 


55 


Clover Seed 




10* 


65 


Grass Seed 




4,020 * 


5,6.S0 


Tobacco 


20 


19,000 t 


1,710 


Potatoes 


784 


117,600* 


29,400 


Vegetables 


1,215 




52,360 


Total 1 1 


1 $1,657,605 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


63,107 




$2,050,975 


Horses 


14,201 




946,735 


Mules 


1,657 




124,275 


Asses and Jennets 


53 




5,:^00 


Sheep 


15,3:i5 




46.005 


Swine 


29,8:i5 




298,350 


Chickens 


169,395-1 






Turkeys 
Geese 


9,011 ! 
5,225 ; 




171,130 


Ducks 


;i,it;oj 






Swarms of Bees 


;i.i47 




8,355 


Honey 


101,900 t 

59,8i5 t 




13,115 


Wool 




9,970 


Milk 


2,937,891 §, 




1.52,280 


Butter 


525,604 \ \ 




Eggs 


1,020,420 II 




128.675 


Total 1 1 


13,955,165 


* Bushels. t Pounds. 1| Doj 


en. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





SULLIVAN COUNTY. 



525 



had at $30 to $37.50 an acre, up 
to $45 in case of high improve- 
ments. Timber land is at hand 
for $12.50 an acre, averaging $20, 
up to $35, for the best. Within a 
mile of Milan, $50. There are at 
least ten 1,000-acre farms. Fenc- 
ing mostly wire. 

Manufactories : — One wood- 
working plant in Milan employs 
twenty men, making sash, doors, 
door sash and other building sup- 
plies. A mill is maintained, in- 
cluding lumber sheds, dry kiln 
of 10,000 feet capacity. Flour is 
milled at Milan, Green City, 
Humphreys, Harris and Green 
Castle. Two brick plants are lo- 
cated at Milan. 

Transportation : — Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul, Kansas 
City to Chicago, 18.40; Quincy, 
Omaha & Kansas City, 33.74; 
Burlington & Quincy, 26.30. 

Schools: — Milan High School conforms to course of study laid down by 
University of Missouri. It is capsheaf to ten rooms graded school with modern 
library. Building steam heated and otherwise modern. Humphrey's College, 
Green City, established fifteen years, private academic institution. 

Towns: — Milan, county seat, at intersection of two railroads, location of 
Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City railroad shops, employing 250 men. "Waterworks 
and electric light plants, owned by city. Green City, Newtown, Harris, Green 
Castle, Humphreys; all live stock centers. 

Population: — White, 20,168; colored, 114; American born, 20,059; foreign 
born, 223; total, 20,282. Farm homes owned, 2,294; rented, 749; other homes 
owned, 683; rented, 517; total families, 4,243. In Milan one person in three is a 
member of some church. 

Finance: — County tax, 75 cents; school tax, 42 cents; total assessed valua- 
tion, $5,544,812; two-fifths real value; county debt, $130,000; sinking fund loaned, 
$70,000; no township debt. 

Newspapers: — Milan Standard, Republican; Green City Press; Newtown 
Chronicle; Humphreys Tribune. 




V \ 



RIBBON, 

A SULLIVAN 

COUNTY 

HORSE. 





-sr-fSfeSSS*- 



TANEY COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



I ACKES I PKODUCT | YAH E 



Corn 


27,a81 


Wluat 


0.55G 


Oats 


2,i:iS 


Hay 


3.038 


Forage 


505 


Flax 


7 


Bronm Corn 


4 


Cotton 


2,010 


Tobacco 


54 


Potatoes 


3ia 


Vegetables 


340 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



TIMBER, minerals, wild game, fruit and picturesque ruggedness consti- 
tutes the wealth of Taney county. It has 660 square miles of moun- 
tainous land, 422,400 acres, of which 66,988 acres are included in im- 
proved farms. It has the largest game preserve in Missouri. It is rich 
in stone and granite. There are caves of onyx and deposits of zinc 
and lead and marble. Peaches, pears, grapes, apples and strawberries grow luxu- 
riously. Farms number 1,671, found along streams and adjoining hills, averag- 
ino' an aercage of 144.5, counting cultivated, pasture and timber lands. Total 
actual value of farm lands, $1,520,884; total farm production four times as much 
each year. 

PoPULATiox:— White, 10,125; colored, 2; American born, 10,030; foreign 
born, 97; total, 10,127. Farm homes owned, 1,372; rented, 380; other homes 
owned, 120; rented, 143; total families, 2,015. 

Finance: — County tax, 60 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 40 cents to $1.45; average, 65 
cents; total assessed valuation, $1,331,466; assessed val- 
uation per cent of actual valuation, 55; county debt, 
$7,128.60; no township debt. 

Timber: — Black oak is chief, comprising thirty-five 
per cent of the timber which covered originally seventy- 
five per cent of county. White oak embraced twenty- 
five per cent of it, of best individual size in south half. 
It grew in groves, many of which have in recent years 
yielded to the tiemaker's axe, without, however, percep- 
tibly diminishing supply. It is estimated that half a 
million dollars worth of white oak timber is available. 
Post oak grows on ridges and flats. Twelve per cent of 
timber is black-jack. These two species are useful only 
for fuel. Pine in primeval quantity, eight per cent, 
stands in southwest corner. Cedar is an important 
scattering growth. It occurs upon bluffs of rivers 
mostly in southern half. Trees attain a height of forty 
feet. 

Minerals: — Signs of zinc, lead, granite, marble, 
onyx and building stones. Lead prospecting has been 
accompanied with some success along Turkey, Bylin 
Swan, Bull, Bear, Beaver, and Short creeks. Shaft on 
Caney creek is 100 feet deep. Lead and zinc are both 
tak«n therefrom. Marble deposit is found on Pine 
Tnvrii CniiTtty Virwa. 

ri2(; 




§2)9,210 



8,MT5 

;i0 

(iO 

45.>'25 

3,500 

10.920 

15,025 



$444,520 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 


15,144 


* 378,(100 


Horses 


3,838 


2311,280 


Mules 


953 


.57,180 


Asses and Jennets 


57 


5,130 


Sheep 


5,602 


lfl,'.l85 


Swine 


21,iJ67 


215,070 


Chickens 


44,941 ] 




Turkeys 
Geese 


938', 
2,050 f 


31.830 


Ducks 


213j 




Swarms of Bees 


245 


687 


Honey 


S.inr ;: 
14,648:: 


1,021 


Wool 


2,440 


Milk 
Butter 


940,840 § I 
150,003 t f 


63,110 


RgRs 


330,930 II 


41,360 



$1,044,299 



I Pounds, 
§ Gallons 



Phnfox m hernlinp : 



TANEY COUNTY. 



.)27 




Mountain in south part of 
county; also granite, dolo- 
mite and limestone. 

Land: — Upland soils 
are limestone clay, admix- 
ed generously with gravel. 
Subsoil is red, gravelly 
clay. Surface is stony. 
Fruit may be grown on 
most all the land, and corn 
in the darkest places. Up- 
lands have yielded forty 
bushels to the acre in corn. 
Clover and other grasses 
grow here and tomatoes do 
well. Best land is in the 
northeastern corner, along 
Beaver creek, and else- 
where along White river. 
The bald knobs and rocky 
glades are common in the 
southeastern corner and to a less extent all over the south half. They are worth- 
less for farming. These places are caused by surface being underlaid by solid 
rock. They often cover whole hills or an elevated flat. Improved river bottom 
farms sell at $10 to $25 an acre. Best improved uplands, $10 to $1.5: unimproved, 
$1.25 to $5 an acre. Government lands, 13,474 acres. 

Manufactories: — Small saw mills, cotton gins, distillery, steam flouring 
mills and water mills, and corn crackers constitute the manufactories. 

Transportation: — White River Route, Missouri Pacific, Carthage to Mem- 
phis, has recently been built through the southwest corner of Taney county, giv- 
ing it railroad outlet. White river is used extensively for rafting timbers to 
market. 

Water: — White river winds through county for one hundred miles. It is 
clear, cool, countain stream and affords fishing unsurpassed. Striped and black 
bass, goggle-eye, jacksalmon, catfish and buffalo are caught. Sulphur springs are 
frequent, though wholly unimproved, through the county. Some of these are near 
Forsyth, where many parties camp in summer, bathing and hunting. Deer, wild 
turkeys, squirrels and other small game are killed. 

Towns: — Forsyth, county seat, situated upon White river, in center of a val- 
ley farming district; population 204. Cedar Valley, center of farming, location 
of water flouring mill and cotton gin. Lucia, in western part, is on new railroad. 
Pine Gap, west of Forsyth, is a lumberman's camp. Kirbyville has cotton gin, 
Walnut Shade, Day, Stow and Bluff are trading points. 

Newspaper: — Forsyth Republican. 





T&XAS 



LARGEST county in Missouri is Texas, with its 1,145 square miles of sur- 
face. It is in the heart of the Ozark mountains, second county north 
of Arl\;ansas, six counties east of Kansas State line. All the products 
of general farming are counted among its products. Six hundred thou- 
sand bushels of corn are produced; cattle, horses and hogs following 
in imporrance. Unique among its leading industries, however, is that of growing 
ginseng, used by Chinese as a great cure-all. Isolated gardens about the county 
total seven acres in plant. It grows beneath sheds covered with branches of 
young trees. Roots sell at $8 a pound. Of the 732,800 acres of land in Texas 
county, 185,681 are in cultivation. Farms number 3,729, of an average size of 
135.5 acres, estimated at $3,953,426 in actual valuation. 

Population: — White, 22,187; colored, 5; American born, 21,849; foreign born, 
343; total, 22,192. Farm homes owned, 2,990; rented, 756; other homes owned, 
317; rented, 260; total families, 4,323. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars valuation; school tax average, 60 cents; total 
assessed valuation, $3,359,235; assessed valuation per 
cent of actual valuation, 66 2-3; no county or township 
debt. 

Timber: — Over one-half a million acres yet in tim- 
ber. Of this, black-jack comprises thirty-five per cent; 
black oak, twenty-five per cent; white oak, twenty per 
cent; balance mainly pine. The last formerly was scat- 
tered throughout the county, but became predominant 
only in Jackson and Current townships, bordering the 
southwest corner of Dent county. It is valued at $5 to 
$7.50 an acre, making a total resource of approximately 
$100,000, rapidly being converted into money. Mills are 
portable. 

Mineral: — No developed mines. Indications of 
lead and zinc are found in eastern and southern parts; 
iron in north central; copper in extreme west. Iron is 
especially promising. Building stones and clays are 
abundant. Chalk is found. 

LAND:^Adjacent to principal streams, Piney river 
and tributaries, Current river, Roubidoux river and 
Jack's Fork, county is much broken and most of hills 
are very stony, but there are large areas which are in 
the nature of upland valleys and undulating plateaus. 
These are almost free from stones and may be farmed 
Photos in hcadivf) : Fruit ficrnr : Oivscnfi. 

r)2s 



TEXAS COUNTY'S 190i CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


VALUE 


Corn 


54.362 


1,6.30,860 * 


S 611,570 


Wheat 


24,800 


324,800 * 


]97,.530 


Oats 


4,551 


91,220* 


,30.405 


Hay 


22,974 


34,460 t 


223,990 


Forage 


2,330 


2, .590 t 


12,9:-.0 


Broom Corn 


10 


5,000 t 


135 


Clover Seed 




15* 


85 


Grass Seed 




20* 


45 


Cotton 


fiO 


18,000 t 


1,350 


Tobacco 


r,8 


41,180 t 


4,1-20 


Potatoes 


(■>^2 


65,200 * 


31,295 


Vegetables 


715 




23,820 


Total 1 1 


1 $1,137,295 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


18,699 




f 467,475 


Horses 


7,695 




461,700 


Mules 


2,175 




141, .375 


Asses and Jennets 


83 




7,470 


Sheep 


18,527 




.55,581 


Swine 


:^3,42:? 




324,330 


Chickens 


93,84;n 






Turlteys 
Geese 


2,867 ', 
3,346 C 




58,890 


Ducks 


2,201 J 






Swarms of Bees 


734 




2,005 


Honey 


24,467 t 
54,185 t 




3,058 


Wool 




9,030 


Milk 
Butter 


2,356,776 § ( 
468,541 t i 




138,860 


Eggs 


1,615,300 11 


86,915 


Total 1 1 


$1,756,.589 


* Bushels. i Pounds. || Do 


zen. 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





TEXAS COUNTY. 



529 




to profit. Soil is gravelly clay loam, of moderate fertility. Subsoil is uniformly 
of red clay in uplands, in bottoms a rich, sandy alluvium with wealth of humus. 
Bottom land is selling at $15 to $20 an aci'e; upland valleys, $5 to $15, these fig- 
ures being for improved lands. Unimproved lands and hills and plateaus bring 
$2 to $6. 

Fruit Lands: — Two-thirds of county is adapted to fruit raising. Soil and 
climate combine thereto. At present, plantings border railroad in south- 
west corner. Away from railroad peaches are fed to live stock, being so plentiful. 

Manufactories: — Several flouring mills, saw mills, stave factories, shingle 
factories, spoke and axe handle plants, a wool carding machine; small nurseries. 

Transportation: — Memphis route of St. Louis & San Francisco railroad cuts 
across the southwestern corner. Principal streams afford log transportation. 

Mineral Springs: — Blankenship mineral spring, located three miles north 
of Houston, is a local resort in summer. Very attractive scenery is found at the 
"Narrows," between east and west prongs of Piney river, three miles west of 
Houston. Unexcelled fishing is found in the three rivers, noted also for scenery. 

Towns: — Houston, population 514, inland town, is largest. Has flouring mill 
and planing mill; it is center of ginseng culture. Cabool, situated on railroad, 
has 471 population; it is a leading shipping point; has flouring mill. Licking, 
193, in northeast part of county, has flouring mill and is purchasing point for 
that section. Summerville and Plato are trading points of importance. 

Ginseng: — Grown in specially prepared native soil of leaf mould and shaded 
by awnings of leaves and branches. Planting is only expense, except that of re- 
placing branch coverings each spring, which is slight. Four-year-old roots lose 
two-thirds weight in drying. Market is found in New York. 

Newspapers: — Houston Hei-ald, Star, Republican; Cabool News. 
Mo. — Si 



RPjoJE^erss 




VERNON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



1 ACKES 1 


Corn 


156,016 


Wheat 


14,338 


Oats 


9,814 


Hay 


51,346 


Forage 


4,425 


Flax 


9,172 


Broom Corn 


142 


Clover Seed 




Grass Seed 




Tobacco 


21 


Potatoes 


1,296 


Vegetables 


1,375 



I'RODUCT 



5,928,646 * 

284,760 * 

360,070 * 

93,390 1 

5,900 t 

36,688 * 

78,100 t 

470* 

2,850 * 

13,650 X 

ICZfiOO * 



Total 



KIND 



Cattle 

Horses 

Mules 

Asses and Jennets 

Sheep 

Swine 

Chickens 

Turkeys 

Geese 

Ducks 

Swarms of Bees 

Honey 

Wool 

Milk 

Butter 

Eggs 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



VERNON is situated one hundred miles south of Kansas City. Among 
its products corn is king. Cattle and horses are next in rank with 
export surplus exceeding two millions of dollars annually. Hay and 
hogs add the third of the six and one-half millions of dollars worth 
of farm surplus. Coal is a prominent factor in income. In molas- 
ses nuts, castor beans and plums the county leads Missouri. Nevada, county 
seat of Vernon, is famed as a central market for these products, for its schoo s 
and colleges, location of a State Hospital for Insane, and for Lake Park, with its 
boating and bathing, summer theater, its flowers and walks and driveways and 
groves, enjoyed by hundreds of visitors during the summer ^eason^ Th^ P^J^ 
embraces 132 acres. Farm lands are assessed upon a basis of $12,029,59., fitty 
per cent of actual value. Area in square miles, 850, equal to 544,000 acres, of 
which 408 694 acres are included in improved farms. These number o,988, aver- 
aging 121.6 acres of land of different descriptions. 

Population:— White, 31,378; colored, 241; Ameri 

can born, 30,595; foreign born, 1,024; total, 31,619. 
Farm homes owned, 2,495; rented, 1,423; other homes 
owned, 1,493; rented, 1,286; total families, 6,697. 

Finance:— County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax from 15 cents to $1.20; average, 66 
cents; county debt, $140,000; no township debt. 

Timber:— Originally one-eighth of surface, located 
in southeast corner; white oak, black oak, walnut, hick- 
ory, elm, ash. Cordwood, $4 on market; coal is cheaper 

fuel. 

Minerals:— Coal production, 207,125 tons a year; 
most productive mines south and east of Panama; vein 
four feet thick; depth, eighty to one hundred and fif- 
teen feet; Harwood and Moundville. Seventh county in 
coal output. Four hundred men engaged. Coal at 
banks as low as $1.25 a ton. Asphaltum in paying quan- 
tities located near Bellamy, in south central Vernon. 
University of Missouri analysis: petrolene, 88.51; as- 
phaltene. 10.23; organic matter, 1.14; mineral matter, 
12. This encourages belief that petroleum underlies. 
Building stone for local rough work is found upon 

streams. 

L^Nir.- Three-fourths of county is undulating prai- 
rie. One-fourth is accounted for in breaks made by 
numerous streams, especially in southeast one-eighth 
part. Prairie soil is rich black limestone, which grows 
Railway Station, Nevada ; Lake Park. Nevada; Bananas Grow- 
l. Chtirchills Home Nevada, 
5 30 



81,867,535 

l.iti,b20 

68,920 

551,340 

29,500 

38,155 

2,150 

2.630 

4,560 

1,365 

56,700 

61,035 



$2,844,100 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 

I NUMBER I VALUE 



40,672 

15,»43 

3,;i92 

07 

5.469 

50,840 

194,703 1 

5,127 1 

2,886 ! 

4,7<4J 

4.844 

161,467 1 

27.970 ] 

3,629,096 § / 

746,158 t i 

1,195,300 I 




156,330 

11,874 

20,183 

4,662 

212,0.50 

149,412 

~j $3,684,456 



Pounds, 
i Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photos in heading : 
imj in Open Ground at Dr. 



VERNON COUNTY. 



531 




- COUNTY 



corn, wheat, oats, flax, tame 
grasses and small fruits. 
Blue grass is native. Finest 
farms, outside those adjoin- 
ing Nevada, are selling at 
$40 to $50. Those excepted 
sell at $60 to $75. One-half 
of the farms may be bought 
for $35. Near Nevada are 
numerous truck and fruit 
farms of small acreage, for 
which would be asked fabu- 
lous figures. In river bot- 
toms land ordinarily brings 
$20 to $30; small percentage 
$15. These lands overflow; 
water subsides in five days 
at outside and without dam- 
age to land. In southeast 
section soil is sandy loam, 
selling at $25 to $35 for well 
improved farms. Unimprov- 
ed timber lands are to be 
had at $10 to $15. These 
are in southeast and are 
adapted to fruit growing 
and grazing. 

Traxsportatiox : — Railroad center. Miles of taxed track: Missouri, Kansas 
& Texas, 36.48; same, Eldorado branch, 10.59; Missouri Pacific, Lexington & 
Southern, 29.03; same, Nevada & Minden, 16.73; same. Ft. Scott branch, 18.51; 
St. Louis & Santa Fe, Rich Hill branch, .88. Gravel roads, four miles east and 
west from Nevada. 

Schools: — One stone, eight brick and 140 frame school buildings. Average 
teachers' salary, $42. Three colleges: Cottey College and St. Francis' Orphans' 
home and Convent School, at Nevada; and Cooper College, Moundville. First is 
Methodist school for girls; founded 1S84. Cooper College, non-sectarian, pre- 
paratory, academic, music and art; established 1892. Convent School, seventeen 
sisters; 35 boys and girls; Catholic church, Nevada, to which ninety families be- 
long; established 1894. Catholics also have parochial school, established 1904. 
Nevada Business College, five years old. Nevada High School articulates with 
State University. 

MixEKAL Spbixgs: — Iron Springs, White Sulphur Springs, Black Sulphur 
Springs, located in Lake Park, Nevada. Fair Haven Mineral Springs is small 
summer resort with hotel accommodations. Good fishing in lakes. Nevada has 
an organized fishing club. 

Tow?fs: — Nevada, junction of Missouri Pacific and Katy railroads, and ter- 
minal for other roads; electric line depot to Asylum and to Lake Park; electric 
lights, gas, waterworks, federal building, one mile brick street paving and four 
miles of gravel. In manufactures: two brick yards, two ice plants, candy fac- 
tory, foundry and machine shops; two cigar factories, zinc smelter, planing mill, 
300-barrel flouring mill, two grist mills, two poultry packing houses. Schell City, 
Walker, Richards. Metz, Sheldon, ^loundville, and Bronaugh are farming centers. 

Newspapers: — Nevada Post, Mail, Herald; Sheldon Enterprise; Walker Her- 
ald; Richards Progress; Schell City News; Metz Times. 




WARREN COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 

I ACRES I PRODUCT | VALU 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



WARREN is forty miles east of Jefferson City and the same distance 
west of St. Louis, upon the north side of the Missouri river. Its 
natural adaptabilities lie in two directions: agricultural and min- 
eral. It embraces 435 square miles of land, 278,400 acres, of which 
116,770 acres are cultivable. There are 1,358 farms, embracing in 
agricultural, timbered, mineral and pasture lands, 160.3 acres on an average, 
worth an aggregate of $4,075,225. Five-eighths of the land is timbered with 
white oak, black oak, walnut, linden, cottonwood, and cedar. Here are minerals, 
clays of all kinds. Vast deposits of clay occur near Bridgeport and along the 
river bluffs from a few miles east of Holstein to a point three miles east of Mar- 
thasville. This is shipped from Warrenton and Marthasville, and utilized within 
the county for ballast, after being burned. Clay is drift formation and forms 
immense hills. Surface mining is employed wholly. A spur of Wabash railroad 
opens up one section, running two miles southeasterly 
from Truesdale. Sandstone, cotton rock and brown 
granite are found along central section streams and in 
juxtaposition with clay deposits upon the river. Sand 
is plentiful along the Missouri river. 

Land: — Warren county land may be divided into 
four classes: first and most valuable is Missouri river 
bottom, varying in width, bounded upon north by bluffs 
traced by the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad track. 
Prices range according to improvement and elevation 
of land, from $40 to $100. Most farms bring $50, $60, 
and $65. North of this line, touching Bridgeport and 
Tuque, is a second line defining northern limit of most 
valuable bluff land. It is especially favorable to wheat 
and fruit. Price, $10 to $40, frequent creek bottom land 
being best. Water which falls upon Warren county 
drains in two principal directions. Northern side 
drains into the Mississippi river and that south of di- 
viding ridge flows immediately into the Missouri. Clay 
ridge occupies six miles of space, bounded on the south 
by the line through Bridgeport and Tuque, and on the 
north by one east and west through Warrenton. The 
clay surface is rugged and rocky. Prices are from $2 
to $8; half a dozen farms adjoining Warrenton held at 
$30 because of location. Entire strip is thickly tim- 
bered. North of the clay ridge arc two kinds of land: 
first, which in character is like that lying immediately 
north of Missouri river bottom, is of like price. The 
Tnicf<ilah' Fire Clay Mine, 70 Feet Face; The Cinion on Char- 



Corn 


.33,170 


1,724,840* 


? 526,075 


Wheat 


29,690 


682,825 * 


409,69.5 


Oats 


10,4,55 


34,5,015* 


86,255 


Hay 


9.400 


14,105 t 


84,(;:» 


Forage 


7ao 


8.50 ■ 


4,250 


Broom Corn 


2 


1,000 :: 


30 


Clover Seed 




240:: 


1,58.5 


Grass Seed 




60* 


8.5 


Tobacco 


21 


19,950 t 


1,795 


Potatoes 


r)25 


78,750 * 


13,690 


Vegetables 


360 




18,855 



$1,152,945 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NQMBER 


VALUE 


Cattle 




11,941 


$ 388,080 


Horses 




3,709 


247,265 


Mules 




L.'-iSI 


118,575 


Asses and 


Jennets 


18 


1,800 


Sheep 




3.826 


11,480 


Swine 




19,169 


191,(190 


Chickens 




138,501 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 




1,737 1 
2,7.36 f 


68,3.50 


Ducks 




1,005 J 




Swarms o 


f Bees 


562 


1,155 


Honey 




18,733 :: 
1H,300 :: 


2,340 


Wool 




3,0.50 


Milk 




1,207,.590§ ) 


74,890 


Butler 




196,126 t 1 


Eggs 




737,580 II 


92,195 



$1,200,870 



J Pounds, 
it Gallons. 



Do/en. 



Phoios in heading : 
rctie; Furm Seenc. 



632 



WARREN COUNTY 



533 



balance, occupying the western half of 
most northern township, and as far 
south as Pendleton, is high, rollin 
prairie, worth $30 to $50 an acre, 
dependent upon improvement and 
distance from town. Agricult- 
urally, one-third of Warren is >^/.?-^ 
wasteland, upon the dividin 
ridge. Hill land is favor- 
able to fruit trees and 
there are two commercial 
orchards near Warrenton. 
Manufactories : — A 
wagon factory at Wright 
City employs fifteen men; 
fire-clay pit, south of War- 
renton, twenty-five men; 
brick yard at Warrenton; 
fiouring mills at Warren- 
ton, Wright City and Mar- 
thasville. 

Tkansportation : — Three rail 
roads: Missouri, Kansas & Texas, 30 
miles; Wabash, 25 miles; Burlington, 4 miles, 
paralleling through the south, middle and northern 
portions respectively; lines trending east and west Kan- 
sas City to St. Louis. Missouri river is the only navigable water- 
way. 

Central Wesleyan College: — Located at Warrenton; has enrollment 
of 335; under direction of German Methodist Episcopal church. Excepting theo- 
logical, all courses are taught in English. Established 1864; productive endow- 
ment, $75,000; five buildings, worth $75,000. Co-educational; twenty-seven pro- 
fessorships and instructorships. Military department, normal and business de- 
partments, besides collegiate and music. 

Population: — White, 9,297; colored, 626; American born, 8,818; foreign 
born, 1,101; total, 9,919. Farm homes owned, 1,022; rented, 325; other homes 
owned, 312; rented, 282; total families, 1,941. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents; school tax, 10 to 80 cents; average, 37 
cents; total assessed valuation, $3,716,915; one-third of real valuation; no county 
debt; no township debt. 

Towns: — Warrenton, county seat, home of Central Wesleyan College; Mar- 
thasville, Wright 
City, Holstein, Peers 
and Pendleton; all 
supported largely by 
farming. 

Newspapers: • — ' 
Warrenton V o 1 k s - 
freund; Banner, Cen- 
tral Wesleyan Col- 
lege Star, Herald ; 
Marthasville Record. 









WASHINGTON COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



SOUTH of St. Louis, two hours' journey by rail, is Washington county, 
fifty miles south of the Missouri and scarce forty miles west of the Mis- 
sissippi river. It is a land of minerals. In shipment of baryta it is first 
of Missouri's counties. This mineral is found in many different places 
and in great quantities. Lead is mined. In 1797 a lead mine was oper- 
ator at Potosi, county seat. Lead furnaces followed shortly, under patronage of 
the Spanish government, which sought thus to encourage development of the fa- 
mous southeast Missouri lead district, about which even then fabulous tales were 
told. Topographically, the county is rough. Less than one-fourth is now devoted 
to culture of grain. Horticulture is gaining headway. Lumber interests draw 
upon both hardwood and yellow pine, the latter being in the western section and 
amounting to ten per cent of the timber. Another feature of which the county 
boasts is its rock road system, centering at Potosi. These roads spread in four 
directions and embrace sixty miles in length. County 
contains 780 square miles, 499,200 acres, in land sur- 
face, 93,743 acres devoted to the plow. There are 1,724 
farms, embracing 123.6 acres each on an average, count- 
ing cultivated, pasture and timber lands. 

Population: — White, 13,622; colored, 641; Ameri- 
can born, 14,015; foreign born, 248; total, 14,263. Farm 
homes owned, 1,068; rented, 723; other homes owned, 
350; rented, 661; total families, 2,802. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax, from 10 cents to $1.30; average, 46 
cents; total assessed valuation, $3,146,020; assessed val- 
uation estimated to be one-half actual valuation, no 
county nor township debt. 

Timbkr: — Four hundred thousand acres are yet 
timbered with all varieties of oak, yellow pine, hickory, 
sycamore, ash, maple, walnut, elm. White oak repre- 
sents thirty-five per cent; most abundant in northeast- 
ern and southwestern corners. Black oak covers twen- 
ty-five per cent of the quantity; chiefly in western and 
southwestern parts; black-jack exists to approximately 
fifteen per cent; pine represents ten per cent, but is 
rapidly disappearing. It is in the western part, east of 
Fourche a Renault creek, and along some of its tribu- 
taries. Post oak amounts to five per cent in eastern 
part. Hard maple is a valuable timber along creeks in 
■' certain localities. Maple sugar is made from the sap. 
Washington County Farm Scene. 
534 





ACRES 1 


PRODUCT 1 


VALUE 


Corn 


a.,ajii 


1,119,423* 


1419,785 


Wheat 


lU,»li) 


413,110* 


243,735 


Oats 


«,oua 


86,760 * 


28,920 


Hay 


iU,lU-f 


17,220 t 


154,980 


Forage 


i,ooU 


1,815 t 


9,225 


Broom Corn 


1 


3,500 t 


95 


Clover Seed 




.35* 


193 


Tobacco 


2'J 


20,590 J 


2,060 


Potatoes 


449 


53,680 * 


25,860 


V^egetables 


525 




24,485 



$909,340 



LIVESTOCK AND PKODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 


15.422 


$385,550 


Horses 


3,658 


219,480 


Mules 


1,656 


107,640 


Asses and Jennets 


21 


1.890 


Sheep 


6,569 


19,707 


Swine 


20.111 


201,110 


Chickens 


52,034 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 


2,116 1 

1,655 r 


.35,160 


Ducks 


1,424 J 




Swarms of Bees 


455 


1,190 


Honey 


15,167 : 
18,710 :: 


1,896 


Wool 


3,118 


Milk 
Butter 


1,309,205 § 1 
273,427 t f 


81,090 


Eggs 


316,350 II 


39,515 



I $1.097,376 



I Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photo in heading: 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 



535 



Minerals: — Baryta, lead, zinc, iron, 
copper, brick and pottery clays, lime- 
stone, sandstone, marble and whet- 
stone. Developed districts are around 
Palmer, where lead is mined; Potosi, 
location of lead and tiff; Shibboleth, 
lead and tiff; Old Mines, lead and tiff; 
Richwoods, and Kingston, lead and 
tiff. Iron is found in northwest, south- 
west and southeast corners of the coun- 
ty. Copper is found in northeast. Zinc 
is mined near Potosi. 

Land:' — There are three general 
classes of lands: farming, mineral and 
fruit. The northeast is a tableland, 
which is best for farming purposes'. It 
sells at $20 to $30 an acre, under culti- 
vation. Tablelands also occur in the 
southeast and are valued at $20 to $25 
an acre; likewise along the Potosi 
branch of the Iron Mountain railroad. 
Bottom lands in the interior, improved, 
are selling at $10 to $15; ridges at $3 
to $5 an acre. In the northeast, south- 
east, and much of the east, the land is 
gently rolling, but is elsewhere gener- 
ally rough. All upland soil is gravel- 
laden and sometimes stony. Usually 
there is a red gravelly clay subsoil. 
Government lands to extent of 2,242 acres are available at $1.25 per acre. All 
the land outside bottoms, is adapted to fruit growing. Wild land near railroad 
may be had at $5 to $6 an acre; and same in interior at $2 an acre. Cultivated 
fruit land from $5 to $10 an acre. 

Transportation: — St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern railroad, main line 
and Potosi branch. Potosi rock road system. 

Water: — Big river, Indian creek, Big and Little Fourche a Renault creeks, 
Curtois and Mine a Breton creeks are chief water sources. Many springs con- 





CORN FIELD, WASHINGTON COUNTY. 



tribute to these streams. Fishing is afforded by all streams. 

Towns: — Potosi, county seat, population G38; has flouring mill, stave fac- 
tory, lead and baryta mines. Irondale, mining town; Caledonia, flouring mill and 
mineral interests. Belgrade, center of farming region; flouring mill. Richwoods, 
farming and mining. Palmer, mining. Undine, saw mill and shingle mill. Shir- 
ley and Blackwell have lumbering. 

Newspapers: — Potosi Independent, Journal; Irondale Gazette. 




WAYNE COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 



I ACRES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t 'I'ons. 



YELLOW pine lumber has ever been the base for labor and commerce 
in Wayne county. Originally the quantity of pine timber exceeded 
that of oaks, cottonwood, elm, red gum, hard maple, or sycamore, 
other prominent varieties. Twenty saw mills operate within the 
county, one at Leeper and another at Greenville, having daily ca- 
pacities of two hundred thousand feet. One-fifth of the timber, 83,022 acres out 
of 512,000, has been clean cut and land subjected to the plow. Pine has nearly all 
been removed from the eight hundred square miles of county surface. Mills are 
now drawing material fromt surrounding counties in the pine belt of Missouri. 
Farms raise corn and live stock, latter having access to two hundred thousand 
acres of free, blue stem range. Actual value of farm lands, $2,261,298. 

Iron Ore and Building Stone: — Former is surface gathered and by wagon 
loads hauled to railroad towns, to market. Building stone is plentiful, both 
lime and sand. In towns are found business blocks and residences made of hand 
hammered stone from local quarries. It is not shipped. 
Land: — Wayne county's surface is for the most 
part exceeding hilly; even mountainous in the north- 
west. River valleys, 13,500 acres of lowlands fringing 
southeast border, and approximately two thousand 
acres of flatwoods immediately south of Greenville, con- 
stitute the exception. Wild mountain land can be 
bought, pine timber removed, for $1.25 an acre. Flat- 
woods, which is mountain plateau land with less tim- 
ber than hills, is worth $5. Swamp lands, comprising 
one-tenth of the county, bring $4 to $10 in the timber. 
River bottom farms adjoining St. Francois, Black and 
Castor rivers, well improved, bring $25 to $35, a very 
small acreage. Creek bottom lands, improved, run from 
$10 to $20; soil, mulatto alluvial. Hill soil is of two 
kinds: limestone, free from surface rock, centering 
around Patterson; and a gravelly clay, with surface 
rock. Former embraces some of the best farms, worth 
$10 to $20 an acre; uncleared, $2 to $5. The latter, 
post oak land, worth $3 to $6, cleared, and less when in 
timber. In the 2,500 acres adjoining Greenville, one- 
half is cleared. Best farms have sold for $50 adjoin- 
ing town. Within a mile, however are timbered lands 
at $1.50 an acre. 

Yellow Pine Lumber. — For many years Wayne led 
in shipment of yellow pine lumber. As other counties 
yielded to the saw it divided honors, in which position 
Saw Mill at Lccpcr; Waijne County Scoir. 
536 



Corn 


33,335 


970,720 * 


¥ 364.020 


Wheat 


8,526 


119,365 * 


70,425 


Oats 


2, .375 


65,310 * 


21,770 


Hay 


8,36T 


11,715 t 


117,150 


Forage 


2,495 


2,910 t 
6,500 i 


14,550 


Broom Corn 


13 


180 


Grass Seed 




20* 


45 


Tobacco 


33 


23,4.30 X 


2,34t 


Potatoes 


515 


46,350 * 


22,250 


Vegetables 


685 




34.050 



$ 646,785 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



VALUE 



Cattle 


14,261 


S320,872 


Horses 


2,401 


144,060 


Mules 


1,643 


98,5X0 


Asses and Jennets 


32 


2,880 


Sheep 


4,210 


12,6.30 


Swine 


27,299 


272,990 


Chickens 


65,5681 




Turkeys 


639! 


37,265 


Geese 


5,;^87 f 


Ducks 


3,227 J 




Swarms of Bees 


1,:340 


2,815 


Honey 


44,667 t 


5,583 


Wool 


14,860 t 


2,477 


Milk 


1,248,019 § / 


106,240 


Butter 


2.59,891 t i 


Eggs 


334,864 II 


41,860 



$1,048,252 



I Pounds, 
i Gallons. 



Dozen. 



Photos in hvudtng 



WAYNE COUNTY. 



537 




BUTLER 



it stands to-day. Two large saw mill companies operate mills, cut timber in 
forests, employing 2,000 men. At Greenville lumber is planed, mill being of 
150,000 feet daily capacity. 

Transportation: — Missouri Southern, 4.24; Iron Mountain, 32.34; Southern 
Missouri & Arkansas, 32.74; Williamsville, Greenville & Arkansas, 25 miles of 
taxed roadbed. 

Concordia College, at Gravelton, has an enrollment of 60. 

Springs and Caves: — Near Bruno, Patterson and Lick Valley Springs are 
outcropping streams of clear water, claimed to possess medicinal value. Holmes' 
Cave, ten miles north of Greenville, is eighty yards deep and twelve feet entrance. 

Towns: — Piedmont is largest, supported by Iron Mountain freight division 
point, farming and timber. Greenville, county seat, supported by milling; Wil- 
liamsville is a railroad junction; Leeper is a mill town. 

Population: — White, 15,194; colored, 115; American born, 15,183; foreign 
born, 126; total, 15,309. Farm homes owned, 1,239; rented, 538; other homes 
owned, 302; rented, 920; total families, 2,999. 

B'inance: — County tax, 40 cents; school tax, five cents to $1.30; average 59 
cents: total assessed valuation, $3,304,638; thirty-three per cent of actual valua- 
tion, on improved lands; $1.25 an acre on wild lands. No county debt; no town- 
ship debt. 

Newspapers: — Piedmont Banner, Greenville Journal, Greenville Sun. 




WAYNE COUNTY TIMOTHY. 




WEBSTER is one of the foremost of those counties which won for south 
Missouri the significant title "Land of the Big Red Apple." Two 
hundred miles southwest of St. Louis, on the Frisco railroad, it 
embraces a vast acreage of table lands of the Ozark mountains. 
Apples afford the chief income. The Winans apple orchard, near 
Marshfield, contains 86,000 apple trees, 40,000 peach trees and 10,000 pear trees. 
Numerous orchards of eighty to three hundred acres are 
found. Estimated total number of trees, 800,000. 

Timber :^ — Originally ninety per cent of the land 
was timbered, consisting of white oak, black oak, and 
hickory. Thirty-five per cent is cleared and thirty 
per cent of the balance has been relieved of commercial 
size trees. A dozen portable saw mills operate, selling 
native hardwood lumber at $1 and $1.25 per hundred 
feet. Cedar, elm and sycamore timber borders creeks. 
Cordwood sells at $1.50; railroad ties are sold at 25 to 
30 cents. 

Limestone, sandstone, tiff and lead exist, but no ac- 
tive mines operate. 

Population: — White, 16,524; colored, 116; Ameri- 
can born, 16,413; foreign born, 227; total, 16,640. Farm 
homes owned, 1,881; rented, 665; town homes owned, 
425; rented, 357; total number of families, 3,328. Bo- 
hemian settlement three miles southwest of Marshfield. 
Land:- -There are 630 square miles, 403,200 acres 
of land, of which 143,960 acres are included in improved 
farms. These are in number 2,500, of an average size 
of 105.3 acres, and an estimated value of $3,280,194. Next 
to apples the leading products are corn, cattle, horses, 
wheat, hogs, and butter, in order. Webster occupies the 
highest average elevation of any county in Missouri. 
There extremes are 1,690 and 1,092 feet above sea level. 
It contains many acres of undulating, tillable, table- 
land, unimproved. One-half of the county is tableland. 
1)1 (I ^ychs^cl■ county Orchard. 
53S 



WEBSTER COUNTY'S 1002 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 I'KODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


36,459 


1,276,065* 


$101,960 


Wheat 


25.696 


411,135* 


226,125 


Oats 


7,085 


230,265 * 


61,020 


Hay 


20,143 


30,215 t 


176,185 


Forage 


1,485 


1 ,980 t 


9,1)00 


Broom Corn 


5 


2,750 t 


75 


Clover Seed 




270* 


1,510 


Grass Seed 




75* 


120 


Tobacco 


42 


27,300 t 


2,730 


Potatoes 


576 


57.600 * 


20,160 


Vegetables 


780 




36,410 


Total 1 1 


$936,195 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 1 NUMBER | 


VALUE 


Cattle 


14,290 




$392,975 


Horses 


6,050 




363,000 


Mules 


2,193 




142,545 


Asses and Jennets 


85 




7,650 


Sheep 


13,201 




89,6)0 


Swine 


21,015 




210,150 


Chickens 


81,9011 






Turkeys 


3,410 1 




70,700 


Geese 


3,148 1 




Ducks 


1,983 J 






Swarms of Bees 


1.380 




3.887 


Honey 


46,000 t 
44,370 I 




5,7.50 


Wool 




7,395 


Milk 


1,981,400 § 1 




115,500 


Butter 


415,140 t f 




Eggs 


525,280 II 




65,660 


Total 1 1 


$1,424,822 


* Bushels, t Pounds, || D02 


en. 


t Tons. s Gallons. 





I'liolo in hcddintj : 



WEBSTER COUNTY. 



539 




CHRISTIAN ,l°>:X^COUNTY 



Soil here is dark, vegetable loam, from one 
to three feet in depth, over a red, gravelly 
clay. It grows clover, timothy, oats, wheat, 
corn, vegetables, and especially fruits and 
grasses. Bluestem grass grows wild and 
blue grass, when sown, easily crowds out all 
others. One-half of these lands are under 
cultivation; worth $10 to $15, occasionally 
$20. A large per cent of the unimproved 
tableland is held by local agents who are dis- 
posing of it to homeseekers upon time pay- 
ments. Ten per cent is bottom land, of 
creeks and rivers, worth $15 to $20. Here 
the soil is black loam of inexhaustible 
depth. Remaining forty per cent is moun- 
tainous, located mainly south of the Kansas 
City, Fort Scott & Memphis railroad, and in 
the north and east parts of the county, 
along the streams. Hills are in instances 
700 feet above adjacent valleys. Govern- 
ment land, 268 acres, is herein situated. 
Rough land sells up to $5 an acre. It is 
generally too rough for grain, but it is fa- 
vorable to apple trees. Surface of rough 
land bears small rocks. Tablelands gener- 
ally free from rock. Estimated acreage of 
land owned by foreign corporations and non-residents, seventy-five thousand. 
Dairies: — Four large dairies and several farmers sell $100,000 to $125,000 
worth of butter and milk annually. Largest establishment maintains 80 to 100 
cows. 

Butter, brick, and flour are the leading factory products. 
Transportation:^ — Frisco main line, St. Louis to Springfield, 25.20; Kansas 
City, Fort Scott & Memphis (Frisco lease), 23.71 miles within the county. 

Springs: — By actual count, Webster county has more than 2,400 living 
springs of clear water. Marshfield is 1,487 feet above sea-level, upon a level 
plain, yet there are six within a half mile of the court house. Dug wells are 
twelve to twenty-five feet deep. 

Towns: — Marshfield, county seat; 
Seymour, Fordland, Rogersville and Ni- 
angua are the chief towns, supported 
wholly by horticultural and agricult- 
ural interests. There are 31 postoflices, 
17 of which receive daily mail, and 14 
receive mail three times a week. 

The atmosphere in this section of 
Missouri is most exhilarating — a se- 
ductive factor. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents on 
one hundred dollars; school tax, aver- 
age, 38 cents; total assessed valuation, 
$2,000,000; assessed valuation per cent 
of real valuation, 40; no county debt; 
no township debt. 

Newspapers: — Marshfield Chron- 
icle, Mail; Seymour Flashlight; Ford- 
land Monitor. 





WORTH is situated upon the Iowa State line, seventy miles east of the 
Missouri river, at a point separating Missouri and Nebraska. 
In physical size it is the smallest county in Missouri. It embraces 
but 270 square miles, 172,800 acres. Farming, stock raising, poul- 
try, and dairying are the leading activities. At Grant City, county 
seat, a new thirteen-room high school building has been recently completed, illus- 
trating the basis of the remark that "Schools are a fad of Worth county." Im- 
proved farms include 119,169 acres of arable land. These number 1,549, average 
size, 106.4 acres, worth in aggregate, $4,212,080. 

Population: — White, 9,824; colored, 8; American born, 9,644; foreign born, 
188; total, 9,832. Farm homes owned, 1,064; rented, 430; other homes owned, 
376; rented, 217; total families, 2,087. 

Finance: — County tax, 40 cents; school tax, 25 cents to $1.50; average, 54 
cents; total assessed valuation, $3,498,680; assessed valuation per cent of real 
valuation, 33 1-3; county debt, $25,000; no township 
indebtedness. 

Land and Appurtenances: — One-third of land was 
once timbered with oak, walnut, elm, linden, hickory, 
following streams and varying in width up to an ex- 
treme of two miles. Groves of walnut and oak existed 
in eastern half. One of these contained ten thousand 
acres. Three-fourths timber has been removed. Saw 
mills are portable. Native oak lumber, $2.50 per hun- 
dred feet, board measure. Cordwood, $3 on town mar- 
ket; $1.50 in woods; 50 cents in tree. Posts plentiful, 
worth 15 cents. Stone is available for foundation work. 
Found upon East Grand river. No other minerals. Sur- 
face is uniformly high, long-rolling prairie hill land, 
with deep-set streams of small size. Four small rivers 
traverse Worth county, paralleling to the southward. 
These have generous valleys adjoining. Next to this 
lies land of steep ascent, hills reaching in places one 
hundred and fifty feet above valley, gradually lengthen- 
ing as one travels from the river, until is reached the 
similar approach to the next stream. One-fourth of the 
land, which is more level on the prairie, sustains a soil 
of dark alluvial, one to three feet in depth. It is 
adapted to corn, oats, rye and grasses. Oak and hick- 
ory lands of the once wooded portion, have soil a 
shade lighter in color, less deep, and are adapted to fine 

J'holo in hcntJivfj: Farm Scene in Worth County. 

540 



WORTH COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 


1 ACRES 1 PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


5-2,692 


2,002,296 * 


1630,725 


Wheat 


1,006 


19 115* 


10,990 


Oats 


4 765 


142,950 * 


37,lti5 


Hay 


20,449 


30,750 t 


153,750 


Forage 


5,540 


7,385 t 


36,925 


Flax 


2 


20* 


20 


Broom Corn 


42 


23,100 t 


635 


Clover Seed 




40* 


220 


Grass Seed 




■ 2,700 * 


4,185 


Tobaccco 


6 


5,400 1 


540 


Potatoes 


62:5 


71,645* 


17,195 


Vegetables 


575 




23,360 


Total 1 1 


1 $915,710 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


EIND 1 NUMBER 1 


VALUE 


Cattle 


23,994 




$779,705 


Horses 


7.411 




494,065 


Mules 


709 




.■13,175 


Asses and Jennets 


41 




4,100 


Sheep 


8,;)4l 




29.805 


Swine 


37,351 




373 ,,540 


Chickenb 


99,402 1 






Turkeys 


3.515 1 




85 805 


Geese 


2,694 1" 






Ducks 


2,285 J 






Swarms of Bees 


1 ,584 




4,195 


Honey 


52,800 : 
43,500 :: 




6,600 


Wool 




7,250 


Milk 


1,794,218 § / 




89,890 


Butter 


348,4,50 t i 




Eggs 


714,050 II 




89,255 


Total 1 1 


$2,017,385 


* Bushels. 1 Pounds. || D02 


en, 


t Tons. § Gallons. 





WORTH COUNTY. 



541 




crops of wheat, clover, and 
fruits. They should be plow- 
ed deeply. Valley lands have 
an imperishable alluvial soil, 
loose and flexible, adapted to 
corn. Clay underlies all soils. 
Uplands west of West Fork of 
Grand river or within five 
miles of the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy railroad, sell at 
$50 to $60 an acre. A little of 
the rougher land — not over 
one-tenth — can be bought for 
$35. Possibly there are one 

thousand acres that can be bought at $30. Bottom land near the railroad, sells 
at $60 to $70; elsewhere for $45 to $55. On one road leading out of Grant City, 
the first twelve farm homes will average a value of $1,000 each; all over the 
county the average would be approximately $600. East-county lands are a shade 
cheaper than same land in west Worth. 

Manufactured Products: — Include flour, corn meal, hardwood lumber, fence 
posts, cheese, brick, and tile. 

Transportation: — The railroads: Chicago & Great Western, 8.92; Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy, 14.19 miles taxable roadbed. Drag system is used upon dirt 
roads. 

Churches: — Grant City, largest town, has five, representing four Protestant 
and one Catholic organizations. 

High School:^ — Grant City High School is conforming to courses of study 
approved by the University of Missouri. 

Water: — Stock water and water for household purposes comes chiefly from 
wells twenty to thirty-five feet deep. It is of limestone leaning. One mineral 
spring, located at Denver. 

Towns: — Grant City, built around court house square; waterworks, electric 
lights, new $26,000 high school building; Sheridan, Denver, Allendale, Worth, 
Oxford, Athelstan, all farm trading points. 

Dairying: — Within the last few years has enjoyed remarkable growth. 
Cream is shipped to St. Joseph. 

Newspapers: — Grant City Star, Times; Sheridan Advance. 




WEIGHT 




WRIGHT COUNTY'S 1902 CROP 

I ACRES I PRODUCT | VALUE 



Total 



Total 



* Bushels. 
t Tons. 



WRIGHT is in the heart of Missouri's "Land of the Big Red Apple." 
The county is situated one hundred miles east of the Kansas line 
and forty miles north of Arkansas. All the advantages of soil, 
subsoil and climate it has. A large acreage adjoining the Frisco 
railroad is horticulturally improved. The extreme northern side 
of the county awaits transportation facilities. Missouri State Fruit Experiment 
Station is located at Mountain Grove. Apples, peaches, strawberries, and pears 
are practically sure crops. Minerally, too, the county is wealthy. Onyx is found 
in caves. Lead, zinc, iron and limestone are deposited. More than three hundred 
thousand acres bear remarkable timber and everywhere 
is bluestem grass of value to stock raising. County 
contains 700 square miles, equal to 448,000 acres of sur- 
face; 139,272 acres being under cultivation. There are 
2,726 farms, averaging 119.8 acres each, estimated to be 
worth a market price of $2,858,518. 

Population: — White, 17,091; colored, 428; Ameri- 
can born, 17,285; foreign born, 234; total, 17,519. Farm 
homes owned, 2,058; rented, 716; other homes owned, 
336; rented, 348; total families, 3,458. 

Finance: — County tax, 50 cents on one hundred 
dollars; school tax, average, 50 cents; total assessed 
valuation, $2,985,196; assessed valuation per cent of 
actual valuation, 50; no county nor township debt. 

Timber: — Originally covered with white oak, black 
oak, post oak, black-jack, and elm, maple, ash, sycamore, 
redbud, linden, hickory and walnut along streams. Com- 
mercial white oak now remains in western part and 
along Gasconade river bluffs. Black oak is even more 
plentiful. 

Minerals: — Lead, zinc, copper, iron, onyx, lime- 
stone, sandstone, are the minerals found. Mining is 
only in small way developed in southwest corner of 
county, at Lead Hill, and vicinity, where lead and zinc 
are taken from the earth. Onyx has been found in the 
southern part and probably exists in unexplored caves 
elsewhere. Limestone and sandstone are found prac- 
tically everywhere. 
Showing Principal Products of Wriyht County. 
542 



Corn 


37,020 


110,600* 


1(349,840 


Wheat 


17,764 


266,460 * 


146,555 


Oats 


3,969 


.119,070* 


31,555 


Hay 


17,415 


21,380 t 


158,470 


Forage 


1,985 


23.645 t 


13,335 


Broom Corn 


9 


4,950 X 


l;i5 


Clover Seed 




15 t 


85 


Grass Seed 




50* 


80 


Tobacco 


60 


39,000 X 


3,900 


Potatoes 


427 


38,430 * 


13.450 


Vegetables 


725 




30,480 



I ^747.775 



LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 



KIND 


NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 




13,193 


1329,825 


Horses 




5,744 


344,640 


Mules 




1,546 


92,760 


Asses and 


Jennets 


66 


5,940 


Sheep 




16,686 


.50,0C.0 


Swine 




19,953 


199,530 


Chickens 




64,7601 




Turkeys 
(ieese 




2,462 ! 
2,757 f 


48,850 


Ducks 




1,494 J 




Swarms o 


f Bees 


604 


1,570 


Honey 




20,133 : 
50,150: 


2,517 


Wool 




8,;)5H 


Milk 




1,380,520 § j 


109,975 


Butter 




222.705 X \ 


Rggs 




609,920 II 


76,310 



$1,270,265 



\ Pounds. 
§ Gallons. 



Photos in hcadiny : 



WRIGHT COUNTY. 



543 



Land : — County includes much 
good farming land. Soil is deep, grav- 
elly, clay loam of more than ordinary 
fertility. Subsoil is usually red clay 
with ordinarily a generous admixture 
of gravel, thus rendering it porous 
and giving excellent drainage to plant 
roots. Aside from the bottoms, the 
best agricultural lands are to be 
found in the center of the county, 
near Hartville; in the western and in 
the southwestern localities, and in 
the vicinity of Mountain Grove. Bot- 
toms are valued at $15 to $20 per 
acre, and improved ridge and table- 
lands, $5 to $10. The unimproved 
lands may be bought for $2 to $5. 
Government lands embrace 2,540 
acres, which are subject to homestead 
at $1.25 an acre. This acreage is 
scattered over county in small tracts. 
Wright county is congenial to the 
growth of apples, peaches, pears, 
plums, grapes and all of the berries. 
Best of fruit lands may be bought 
in northern part at $3 to $5, and in 
south end, close to railroad, for $5 to $10. 

Transportation: — Memphis route of 
passes through the southern side. 

Water: — Gasconade river flows through the county from south to north. 
Secondary streams are Beaver, Elk, Whetstone, Steens and Bryant's. Perhaps 
the most impressive mountain scenery in Missouri is at Cedar Gap. 

Towns: — Mountain Grove, population 1,004, fruit, farming and live stock 
center; has flouring mill, planing mill and canning factory; location of State 




St. Louis & San Francisco railroad 




WRIGHT COUNTY LANDSCAPE. 

Fruit Experiment Station; unusually good schools. Mansfield, population 494, 
railroad, mail and shipping point of importance. Hartville, 445, county seat. 
Norwood, Odin and Grove Spring each has flouring mill. Cedar Gap, Lead Hill, 
Astoria, Whetstone, and Macomb are supported by farming and timber interests. 
Newspapers :^ — Hartville Democrat, Progress; Mansfleld Mail; Mountain 
Grove Journal, Advertiser; Glenn's Sunday Clipper. 



544 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 





..•^ ^.*H 


s# 


NEAREST 






'^ 


RAILROAD 




>/- 


.H 


B% 


DISTANCES 
BETWEEN 
MISSOURI 
TOWNS 







MISSOURI TOWNS 



u. 










> 




















2 






a 




H 


M 




> 


^_, 




Z 


a 


z 


o 






> 


z 


"C 














r 

o 


> 


> 

r 


Z 



Aurora 

Boonville 

Brookfield 

Butler 

Cameron 

CarroUton 

Carthage 

Chillicothe 

Clinton 

Columbia 

DeSoto 

Fulton 

Hannibal 

Harrisonville 

Independence 

Jefferson City 

Joplin 

Kansas City 

Kirksville 

Lamar 

Lexington 

Louisiana 

Macon 

Marshall 

Maryville 

Mexico 

Moberly 

Nevada 

Palmyra 

Pleasant Hill 

Poplar Bluff' 

Rich Hill 

Richmond 

Sedalia 

Slater 

Springfield 

St. Charles 

St. Joseph 

St. Louis 

Trenton 

Warrensburg 

Webb Citv 



269 
171 
224 
287 
291 
21 1 
313 
225 
228 
146 
42 

134 
120 
259 

273 
125 

277 
205 

303 
240 

94 
171 
239 
318 
1 10 
148 
278 

135 
249 
166 
299 

244 
188 
228 

202 
24 

327 

286 
218 
326 



^33 

60 

122 

72 

55 

66 

150 



175 
319 
186 
199 

44 

10 

158 

167 

180 
128 

43 
213 
152 

84 
105 
162 
129 
103 
III 

34 
443 

84 

49 

94 

95 

190 

353 

63 

277 

114 

65 
160 



296 

123 

103 

135 

35 

lOI 

213 
77 
151 
200 
369 
216 
207 
107 

73 
221 
230 

63 
138 
191 
106 
233 
137 
147 

42 
192 
160 
166 
182 

97 
493 
147 

68 

157 
158 
253 
284 

3^7 

72 

128 

223 



31 
177 
3 12 
119 
245 
256 
III 
276 
102 
208 
244 
231 
285 

145 
179 
205 
129 
190 
272 
63 

^33 
291 
238 
210 
295 

255 

215 

88 

284 

"55 

107 

239 
142 
221 

226 

253 
202 
304 
186 
124 



173 


389 


98 


35 


118 


189 


130 


104 


289 


99 


242 


95 


149 


171 


222 


146 


133 


233 


137 


280 


18 


150 


130 


^53 


40 


183 


"5 


66 


116 


220 


230 


162 


373 


90 


102 


244 


143 




298 


71 


214 


123 


«5 


228 


157 


63 


128 


218 


155 


298 




94 


199 


167 


130 


89 


285 


"5 


2,8 


39 


56 


196 


210 


149 


26 


304 


96 


70 


251 


68 


155 


251 


199 


223 


172 


III 


57 


268 


73 


70 


228 


90 


233 


64 


128 


15 


297 


61 


204 


133 


35« 


286 


341 


109 


252 


«3 


143 


166 


216 




143 


155 


79 


144 


262 


142 


285 


129 


212 


144 


355 


157 


207 


230 


188 


120 


331 


208 


155 


281 


30 


173 


164 


107 


290 


8 



246 

38 

57 
194 
124 

63 
210 

77 
113 

46 
190 

62 

70 
144 
139 

88 
228 
129 

57 

188 

96 

96 

23 

53 
170 



163 

55 
134 
314 
182 

96 

73 
42 
215 
124 
160 
148 
123 

103 
220 




INFORMATION regarding various matters of interest in Missouri can not 
be properly classified in any of the preceding chapters. This information 
will be found in the pages of the present chapter. It relates to politics, 
laws, census statistics, history and other divisions which can best be 
gathered into a general chapter upon statistics and which will be supple- 
mentary to that which has been elsewhere presented. 



The State contains 69,415 square miles of land surface or 45,425,600 acres 
of which 33,997,873 acres are included in farms and of this area 22,900,043 acres 
are included in improved lands. There were in 1900, 284,886 farms of an aver- 
age size of 119.3 acres, which were valued, exclusive of buildings by the United 
States census at $695,470,723. The buildings were* 
valued at $148,508,490, making a total value for farm! 
lands and buildings of $843,979,213. There are listed 
for taxes 41,830,793 acres, valued by the assessors at 
$325,415,250, which is estimated to be only 40 per cent 
of the true value, which would make an actual value 
of $813,538,125. 



Square miles of land surface in Missouri, 68,431, or 
43,795,840 acres; square miles of water surface, 706, 
or 451,840 acres. Total area, land and water, 69,137 
square miles, or 44,247,686 acres. Ranks twentieth in 
size among the States and territories, including Alaska. 



Estimates have been made for this volume as to 
the amount of taxes paid by different citizens of the 
State. From statistics secured from one-half the coun- 
ties it is calculated that 37,670 persons pay over $100 a 
year taxes, 204,511 pay between $100 and $20; and 
403,755 pay less than $20. If the first class is averaged 
at $125, there is a revenue of $4,708,750; from the sec- 
ond class, averaged at $50, results $10,225,550; from 
the third class averaged at $15, results $6,056,325; 
making a total revenue of $20,990,525. 



Missouri, a border State during the Civil War, was 
the scene of 244 battles of the 2261 engagements called 
battles, in which ten or more men were killed or 
wounded. The exact number of men in the Confeder- 
ate service is not known, though it probably exceeded 
50,000, but the State is credited with 109,111 men in 



MISSOURI'S 1902 CROP 




ACRES 


PRODUCT 


1 VALUE 


Corn 


7,746,314 


314,093,985* 


$ 99,727,2H5 


Wheat 


3.166,900 


61,045,000* 


34,490,000 


Oats 


759,134 


23.867,169 * 


6,374,795 


Hay 


2,940,600 


4,828,005 1 


29,428,870 


Forage 


370,725 


462,070 1 


2.310,350 


Flax 


85,402 


366.849 * 


380,940 


Rye 


25,550 


459,900 * 


229,950 


Buckwheat 


2,500 


40,000 * 


24,000 


Barley 


1.820 


45,500 * 


15,835 


Broom Corn 


8.765 


4.661,600 ] 


129,532 


Clover Seed 




58,737 * 


394,698 


Grass Seed 




219,760 * 


454,425 


Cotton 


67,658 


23,'.) 16, 840 '. 
3,356.460 ; 


1,788,960 


Tobacco 


4,361 


324,U40 


Potatoes 


93,915 


11,510,451 * 


3,870,435 


Vefir.etables 


114,853 




5,153,958 


Total 






|$185,098,U83 


LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS 


KIND 


1 


NUMBER 


1 VALUE 


Cattle 






2.978,589 


$ 89,910,496 


Horses 






967,037 


62,415.660 


Mules 






283,519 


20,087,915 


Asses and Jer 


inets 




8,777 


879,61. i 


Sheep 






1,087,213 


3,.329,6'.l6 


Swine 






4.534,664 


45,2It;,760 


Chickens 






14,903,601 1 




Turkeys 
Geese 






466,665 ', 
428.307 / 


11,430,300 


Ducks 






278.140 j 




Swarms of B 


^es 




205.110 


615,330 


Honey 






6,153,300 : 
4,145,137: 


769,160 


Wool 






690,8.55 


Milk 
Butter 




25t 
4J 


5.207,755 § 1 
>,509,110 1 \ 


18,802,950 


Eggs 






85,203,290 II 


10,6.-iO,410 


Total 


1 


1 


$264,799,147 


* Bushels. 


t Poun 


ds, II Do 


sen. 


t Tons. 


§ Gallc 


ns. 





Mo. — 35. 



545 



546 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



National 
teries. 



Boundary lines. 



the Union army, of which 
number 8,344 were colored. 
The State furnished six regi- 
ments of infantry 
and one battery, over 
8,000 men, for service 
in the Spanish war. 
The 6th regiment 
went to Cuba and 
the battery to Porto 
Rico. It sent 9,288 
regular soldiers to 
the war with Mexico. 
Its National Guard now 
numbers 2,800. 



MISSOURI GROWS MORE WHEAT 
THAN THE WHOLE OF AFRICA. 



There are three Na- 
tional cemeteries in the State 
— at St. Louis, with over 12,000 
graves; at Springfield, with over 

1,600, and at Jefferson City, with 

nearly 900. 




Missouri is bounded on the east by 
Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee, on the south 
by Arkansas, on the west by Nebraska, Kansas 
and Indian Territory, and on the north by Iowa. 
The boundaries of the State as named in the en- 
abling act are as follows: "Beginning in the 
middle of the Mississippi river on the parallel of 
30 degrees north latitude; thence due west to the 
St. Francis river and up that river to the parallel 
36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude; thence west 

to a point where the said parallel is intersected by a meridian line passing 
through the middle of the mouth of the Kansas river, where the same en- 
ters into the Missouri river; thence due north to the intersection of the parallel 
which passes through the rapids of the river Des Moines to the Mississippi and 
down the Mississippi to the place of beginning." The northern boundary line 
was long undecided, and in the dispute with Iowa military force was repeatedly 




MISSOURI WHEAT CROP EXCEEDS 
THAT OF THE WHOLE OF 
AUSTRALASIA. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



547 



threatened and once employed, and a Missouri sheriff was arrested and im- 
prisoned; several acts of Congress were passed to ascertain the true boundary, 
and finally, in 1846, the whole matter was referred to the United States Supreme 
Court and settled. By an act of Congress, June 7, 1836, the State was extended 
on the west to the Missouri river, its present western limit. 




WHEBE THE BATTLE WAS lOUGHT, BOONVTLLE. THE FIKST BATTLE OF MIS- 
SOUBI DUBIXG THE WAR BETWEEX THE STATES. 

The population figures given in this volume are from the Federal census 
reports of 1900. In 1904 the Federal Census Bureau issued a census bulletin, 
based upon authenticated calculations, of the increase made since 1900 in the 
population of cities of over 10,000. The figures for Missouri are: 

Joplin, population 1890, 9,943; 1900, 26,023; increase, 16,080; estimated for 
1901, 27,631; for 1902, 29,239; for 1903, 30,847. 

Kansas City, population 1890, 132,716; 1900, 163,752; increase, 31,036; esti- 
mated for 1901, 166,856; for 1902, 169,960; for 1903, 173,064. 

St. Joseph, population 1890, 52,324; 1900, 102,979; increase, 50,655; estimated 
for 1901, 105,479; for 1902, 107,979; for 1903, 110,479. 

St. Louis, population 1890, 451,770; 1900, 575,238; increase, 123,468; esti- 
mated for 1901. 587,585; for 1902, 599,932; for 1903, 612,279. 

Sedalia, population 1890, 14,068; 1900, 15,231; increase, 1,163; estimated for 
1901, 15,347; for 1902, 15,463; for 1903, 15,579. 

Springfield, population 1890, 21,850; 1900, 23,267; increase, 1,417; estimated 
for 1901, 23,409; for 1902, 23,551; for 1903, 23,693. 



Growth in popula- 
tion since 1900. 



Internal revenue paid in 1900 to the United States, $16,694,171, in a grand 
total of $295,316,107 by all the States, Missouri ranking eighth in the Union. 



Number of Federal pensioners in State, 53,775; amount paid them in 1900, 
$7,245,470; ranks sixth in the Union in number and payments. Total paj-ments 
in all States, $137,698,620, to 989,603 persons. 

The State has cast its electoral vote for president and vice-president as fol- 
lows: 

1820 — Monroe and Tompkins, 3; successful; republican. 1824 — Clay and 
Jackson, 3; unsuccessful; republican. 1828 — Jackson and Calhoun, 3; success- 
ful; democrat. 1832 — Jackson and Van Buren, 4; successful; democrat. 1836 — 



Internal revenue 
receipts. 

Federal pensioners 
and pensions. 



How Missouri's 
electoral vote 
has been cast. 



548 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri's 

electoral vote. 



Van Buren and Johnson, 4; successful; democrat. 1840 — Van Buren and John- 
son, 4; unsuccessful; democrat. 1844 — Polk and Dallas, 7; successful; demo- 
crat. 1848 — Cass and Butler, 7; unsuccessful; democrat. 1852 — Pierce and 
King, 9; successful; democrat. 1856 — Buchanan and Breckenridge, 9; success- 
ful; democrat. 1860 — Douglas and Johnson, 9; unsuccessful; democrat. 1864 — 
Lincoln and Johnson, 11; successful; republican. 1868 — Grant and Colfax, 11; 
successful; republican. 1872 — Hendricks and Brown, 6; unsuccessful; democrat. 
1876 — Tilden and Hendricks, 15; unsuccessful; democrat. 1880 — Hancock and 
English, 15; unsuccessful; democrat. 1884 — Cleveland and Hendricks, 16; suc- 
cessful; democrat. 1888 — Cleveland and Thurman, 16; unsuccessful; democrat. 
1892 — Cleveland and Stevenson, 17; successful; democrat. 1896 — Bryan and 
Sewall, 17; unsuccessful; democrat. 1900 — Bryan and Stevenson, 17; unsuccess- 
ful; democrat. 



SOME BUILDINGS OF 

OBURY COLLEGE, SPEINGFIELU. 




The governors of Missouri have been: Territorial — Benj. Howard, 1812-16 
William Clark, 1816-20. State— Alex. McNair, 1820-24; Frederick Bates, 1824-25 
John Miller, 1825-32; Daniel Dunklin, 1832-6; Lilburn W. Boggs, 1836-40 
Missouri governors. Thomas Reynolds, 1840-4; John C. Edwards, 1844-8; Austin A. King, 1848-53 
Sterling Price, 1853-57; Trusten Polk, 1857; Robert M. Stewart, 1857-61; Clai 
borne F. Jackson, 1861; Hamilton R. Gamble (provisional), 1861-4; Thomas C. 
Fletcher, 1864-8; James W. McClurg, 1868-71; B. Gratz Brown, 1871-3; Silas 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



549 



Woodson, 1873-5; Charles H. Hardin, 1875-7; John S. Phelps, 1877-81; Thomas T. 
Crittenden, 1881-5; John S. Marmaduke, 1885-9; David R. Francis, 1889-93; 

William J. Stone, 1892-6; Lon V. Ste- 
phens, 1896-1900; Alexander M. Dock- 
- ery, 1900-05. The salary is $5,000 a 

year. 

Taxes are assessed annually, and 
must be paid before December 31, un- 
der a penalty of one per cent until 
paid. Taxes and penal- 
ties are liens upon prop- 
erty assessed, and suits 
to enforce payment can 
be instituted in one year 
after becoming delin- 
quent. The time of de- 
linquency is on January 
1. The suit and sale 
of property for tax- 
es follow as in or- 
dinary course of 
law. 

'% The following 

able shows the 




COLUMBIA 
NOKMAL ACADEMY 



CIIILLICOTHli 
NORMAL SCHOOL. 



SPRINGFIELD 
NORMAL COLLEGE. 



population of the State at each census, together with rank among the States, 
density of square mile, slaves and per cent of increase each period: 

The population in 1900 
was 149 times as large as 
it was in 1810, when the 
first census was taken. Of 
the 115 counties in the 
State, all but 20 showed an 
increase in 1900. Of the 
population, 65.1 per cent is 
rural, while 34.9 per cent 
is in the towns and cities. 
The State has 1,105,- 
258 persons of school age, 
of whom 14,129 are foreign-born, 55,819 colored, and 554,448 male and 555,810 fe- 
males. There are 662,928 persons of militia age, of whom 53,282 are foreign-born 
and 38,312 are colored. Of the 856,684 voters, 113,025 are foreign-born and 46,887 





Rank 


Density 


Slaves 


1900 


5 


45.20 




1890 


5 


38.98 




1880 


5 


31-55 




1870 


5 


25.04 




i860 


8 


17.20 


114,931 


1850 


13 


9.92 


87,422 


1840 


16 


5.58 


58,240 


1830 


21 


2.13 


25,091 


1820 


^3 


I .01 


10,222 


1810 


22 


•3^ 


3,01 1 



POPUL.'VTION 


Per 

CENT 


3,106,665 


16.0 


, 2,679,184 


23 


6 


2,168,380 


26 





1,721,295 


45 


6 


I ,1 82,012 


73 


3 


682,044 


77 


8 


383,702 


173 


2 


140,455 


III 





66,557 


219 


3 


20,845 







Assessment and 
collection of 
taxes. 



Growth of 

population. 



Population 
divisions. 



550 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




are colored. Of the voting 
population, 7 per cent are il- 
literate. 



SEDALIA PUBLIC LIBRART. 

agreed on. An open account bears interest at 
time when demand of payment is made. 



The legal rate of interest 
is 6 per cent, but parties may 
contract in writing for any 
rate not exceeding 8 per cent. 
The penalty for usury is the 
forfeiture of the interest at 
ten per cent to the common 
schools and the recovery of 
costs by defendant. Judg- 
ments bear interest at 6 per 
cent per annum. If the con- 
tract sued on calls for a high- 
er rate of interest (not exceed- 
inging 8 per cent) the judg- 
ment thereon may be made to 
bear the rate of interest so 
per cent per annum from the 



There are 2,G43 fourth-class postoffices in Missouri, and the average annual 




coxcJirrioN conveat. 
salary of each fourth-class postmaster is $179. The aggregate receipts during 

rthe year of the 2,813 postoffices in the State, 
including the large cities, were $6,071,035 and 
the expense per capita of the postoffice sys- 
tem was $1.86. There are 1,165 rural deliv- 
ery routes. 




Taking Jefferson City as the center of 
the State, according to the twelfth census of 
the United States: 

The center of the area of farms in the 
United States in 1900 was 250 miles from the 
center of Missouri, or 150 miles east of the 
Mississippi river. 

The center of farm values was 150 miles 
from the center of the State, or 50 miles east 
of the Mississippi. 

The center of the total number of farms 
was 30 miles south by west of Jefferson City. 

The center of oats production was 175 
miles from the center of the State, or 50 
miles north of its northern boundary. 

The center of corn production was 125 
miles from the center of the State, or just 
east of the Mississippi river. 



CABTHAGE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



551 




MAKYVILLE 
SEMINARY. 



The center of wheat production was 
225 miles from the center of the State, or 
75 miles north of its northern boundary. 

The center of improved farm acreage 
was 125 miles from the center of the 
State, or just east of the Mississippi river. 

The center of the production of six 
leading cereals was 125 miles from the 
center of the State, just on its northeast- 
ern border. 

The center of gross farm income was 
125 miles from the center of the State, or 
just east of the Mississippi river. 



LIN DEN WOOD 

COLLEGE, ST. CHARLES. 



Center of cereal 
production. 




CENTRAL JEM ALE COLLEGE, 
LEXINGTON. 



If each inhabitant of Missouri were allowed six square feet of ground, the Densit)' ot 
population of the State, 3,106,665, could be placed upon one-third of a square '^°^" ^ 
mile, or 213 acres. 

In Missouri the average size of farms is 119.3 acres. 



In the United States 
30.7 of the population live 
in towns of over 4,000. In 
Missouri 34.9 live in such 
towns. But outside of the 
three cities of St. Louis, 
Kansas City and St. Jo- 
seph, only 7.6 live in such 

towns. 

Missouri expends 12 
cents a day for each pupil 
in her public schools. 



The deaths per thou- 
sand in the United States 
each year from alcoholism 
are 2.8; in Missouri 2.4. 

Bronchitis is more dan- 
gerous in other States than 
in Missouri. In the 
United States deaths per 




CARSALL PLACE, CARTHAGE. 



552 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri honey the 
best. 



First in sorghum. 



Public holidays. 



i 

1843 
1873 
1885 
1892 
1895 
1904 


■ 59 


■ 369 
1 312 
■■■ 550 




^■HH 


— 


^^ 


^^m 615 









thousand population each 
year are 20.3, in Missouri, 16.5. 



NUMP.ER OF STUDENTS IN STATE UNIVERSITY. 



The highest priced honey 
on the market is made from 
Missouri white clover by Mis- 
souri bees. 

Missouri ranks first among 
the States in the production 

of sorghum. 

Public Holidays: — The 
first day of January, the twen- 
ty-second day of February, the 
thirtieth day of May, the 
fourth day of July, the first 
Monday in September, any general State election day, any Thanksgiving day 
appointed by the governor of this State or by the president of the United States, 
and the twenty-fifth day of December, are public holidays; and when any of such 
holidays fall upon Sundays, the Monday 
next following is considered such holi- 
day. For all purposes whatsoever as re- 
gards the presentment for payment or ac- 
ceptance, and of presenting and giving 
notice of the dishonor of bills of exchange, 
bonds, promissory notes or other mercan- 
tile paper, such holidays are treated and 
considered the same as the first day of the 
week, commonly called Sunday; and all 
bills of exchange, bonds, promissory notes, 
or other mercantile paper falling due on 
any such holiday or Sunday, are considered as falling due on the next succeeding 
day, unless such succeeding day be a holiday; in such case, it is considered as 
falling due the day previous. 




TRIBUNE BUILDING, JEFFERSON CITY. 




MISSOURI GROWS TWO-THIRDS AS MUCH WHEAT AS ALL CANADA. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



553 




The Missouri weiglits and measures sliowin 



Wheat, beans, clover seed, Iristi 

potatoes, peas and split peas. . 

Rye, shelled corn and flax seed. . 

Unshelled corn 

Barley 

Oats 

Bran 

Onions 

Dried peaches 

Dried apples 

Buckwheat 

Hemp seed 

Blue-grass seed 

Timothy seed 

Castor beans 

Cotton seed 

Salt 

Mineral coal 

Coke and charcoal (cubic inches) 



pounds in bushel, follow: 

Sweet potatoes 

60 Parsnips 

56 Common turnips 

70 Carrots 

48 Rutabagas 

32 Cornmeal and millet 

20 Green peas, unshelled 

57 Green beans, unshelled 

33 Apples, peaches, pears and Hun- 

24 garian grass seed 

52 Malt 

44 Top onion sets 

14 Red-top seed and orchard grass 

45 seed 

46 Sorghum seed 

33 Osage orange seed 

50 Cucumbers 

80 Tomatoes 

2680 



56 
44 
42 
50 
50 
50 
56 
56 

48 
38 
28 

14 
42 
36 

48 
45 



Terms of office of county officers — Presiding judge county court, term 4 
years, elected 1902; county court judges, term 2 years, elected 1902; probate 
judge, term 4 years, elected 1902; clerk circuit court, term 4 years, elected 1902; 
recorder of deeds, term 4 years, elected 1902; clerk county court, term 4 years, 
elected 1902; prosecuting attorney, term 2 years, elected 1902; sheriff, term 2 
years, elected 1902; collector, term 2 years, elected 1902; assessor, term 4 years, 
elected 1902; treasurer, term 2 years, elected 1902; coroner, term 2 years, elected 
1902; public administrator, term 4 years, elected 1900; surveyor, term 4 years, 
elected 1900; school commissioner, term 2 years, elected April, 1902. 



Missouri weights 
and measures. 



Terms of office of 
county officers. 



554< 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




HAKDIN COLLEGE, MEXICO. 

For charity, Missouri gives $3,000,000 annually. The work is divided about 
equally, in extent of financial devotion, between public and private institutions. 
Missouri's expend!- Maintained at the expense of taxpayers are four State hospitals for insane, lo- 
ture for charity, p^ted respectively at Fulton, St. Joseph, Nevada, and Farmington; Colony for the 
Feeble Minded and Epileptic, at Marshall; School for Blind, at St. Louis; School 
for Deaf and Dumb, at Fulton; State Industrial Training School for Boys, at 
Boonville; State Industrial School for Girls, at Chillicothe; Federal Soldiers' 
Home, at St. James, and the Confederate Home, at Higginsville. There are 96 
county infirmaries. City hospitals for the sick are maintained in St. Louis, Kan- 
sas City, and St. Joseph, and the first named has a city insane asylum and poor 
house. The official charity appropriations amount to $1,463,000, and private 
charity is estimated at $1,500,000. For one year the expenditures for public 
charity are; 



Four State Hospitals, Insane. .$536,493 
Colony for Feeble Minded and 

Epileptic: for support 33,665 

Special 51,214 

State School for Blind 30,000 

State School for Deaf 75,000 

State Reform School for Boys.. 45,000 
State Industrial School for 

Girls, for support 12,300 

Special 12,000 

Federal Soldiers' Home 11,000 

Confederate Soldiers' Home. .. 8,000 



City Hospitals for Sick, St. 

Louis, Kansas City and St. 

Joseph 100,000 

St. Louis Insane Asylum 150,000 

St. Louis Poor House (chronic 

insane) 100,000 

Ninety-six county Poor houses. 163,000 
Outdoor relief in 114 counties.. 136,000 



Total for city and county char- 
ities $049,000 



Total for State Institutions. . .$814,672 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



555 



The private charity estimated, is: 
In St. Louis, 120 private insti- 
tutions $600,000 

Three general relief associa- 
tions, St. Louis (Provident 
Association, Catholic and 

Jewish) 100,000 

For the rest of the State, pri- 
vate institutions 600,000 



Private Relief Associations. . . . 100,000 

Private individuals 100,000 Private charities. 



Total private charities $1,500,000 

Total official charities 1,463,000 

Total for charities in Mis- 
souri, annually $2,963,000 



Congressional districts number sixteen, 
thus divided: 

First. — The counties of Adair, Clark, 
Knox, Lewis, Macon, Marion, Putnam, 
Schuyler, Scotland and Shelby. Popula- 
tion 1900, 183,590. 

Second. — The counties of Chariton, 
Carroll, Grundy, Linn, Livingston, Mon- 
roe, Randolph and Sullivan. Pop- 
ulation 1900, 183,358. 

Third. — The counties of 
Caldwell, Clay, Clinton, DeKalb, 
Daviess, Gentry, Harrison, 
Mercer, Ray, and Worth. 
Population 1900, 182,960. 

Fourth. — The counties 
of Andrew, Atchison, Buch- 
anan, Holt, Nodaway and 
Platte. Popu- 
lation 19 0, 
221,885. 

F i f t h.— 
The county of 
Jackson. Pop- 
ulation 19 0, 
195,193. 



SPRINGFIELD 
HIGH SCHOOL. 



CARUTHEBS- 

VILLE 
HIGH 
SCHOOL. 




KIRKSVILLE HIGH SCHOOL. 



Sixth. — The counties of Bates, 
Cass, Cedar, Dade, Henry, Johnson 
and St. Clair. Population 1900, 162,620. 

Seventh. — The counties of Ben- 
ton, Greene, Hickory, Howard, Lafay- 
ette, Pettis, Polk and Saline. Popula- 
tion 1900, 218,666. 

Eighth. — Counties of Boone, Cam- 
den, Cole, Cooper, Miller, Moni- 
teau, Morgan, and Osage. Population 
1900, 142,254. 



Congressional 

districts. 



556 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



WILLIAM 
WOODS 
COLLEGE, 
FULTON. 




^ j %« »it i^w » *<w f' ****M *^^^.^^rfi^*^!Wwjy^ff*'^ 



SYNODICAL 
COLLEGE, 
FULTON. 



Missouri congres- 
sional districts. 



Ninth.- — The counties of Audrain, Callaway, Franklin, Gasconade, Lincoln, 
Montgomery, Pike, Ralls, St. Charles, and Warren. Population 1900, 197,370. 

Tenth. — County of St. Louis, and all that portion of the city of St. Louis 
included in the following wards and part of ward, to-wit: The first, seventh, 
eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, nineteenth, twenty-fourth and twenty- 
eighth wards, and precinct eleven of the twenty-seventh ward, as said wards and 
precincts are now constituted. Population 1900, 290,187. 

Eleventh. — All that portion of the city of St. Louis included in the following 
wards and part of ward, 
to-wit: The second, 
third, sixteenth, seven- 
tee n t h , eighteenth, 
twentieth, twenty-first 
and twenty-sixth 



SOME BUILDINGS OF 

MISSOURI VALLEY 

COLLEGE, MARSHALL, 




wards, and precincts 
one, two, three, four, 
five, six, seven, 
eight, nine, and ten 
of the twenty-sev- 
enth ward, as said 
wards and precincts 
are now constituted. 
Population 1900, 182.- 
667. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



557 




STEPHENS FEMALE COLLEGE, COLUMBIA. 



Missouri congres- 
sional districts. 



Twelfth. — All that portion of 
the city of St. Louis included in 
the following wards, to-wit: The 
fourth, fifth, six, thirteenth, four- 
teenth, fifteenth, twenty-second, 
twenty-third and twenty-fifth 
wards, as said wards are now 
constituted. Population 1900, 
152,424. 

Thirteenth. — The counties of 
Carter, Iron, Jefferson, Reynolds, 
Madison, Perry, St. Francois, 
S t e . Genevieve, Washington, 
Wayne and Bollinger. Popula- 
tion 1900, 153,036. 

Fourteenth. — T h e counties 
of Butler, Cape Girardeau, Christian, Douglas, Dunklin, Howell, Mississippi, New 
Madrid, Oregon, Ozark, Pemiscot, Ripley, Scott, Stoddard, Stone and Taney. 
Population 1900, 250,614. 

Fifteenth. — The counties of Barry, Barton, Jasper, Lawrence, McDonald, 
Newton, and Vernon. Population 1900, 231,659. 

Sixteenth. — The counties of Crawford, Dallas, Dent, Laclede, Maries, Phelps, 
Pulaski, Texas, Webster, Wright and Shannon. Population 1900, 158,173. 

There are thirty-four senatorial districts in Missouri, as follows: 

First. — The counties of Atchison, Gentry, Nodaway, and Worth. Population 
1900, 79,825. 

Second. — The county of Buchanan. Population 1900, 121,838. 

Third. — The counties of Andrew, Clay, Clinton, DeKalb, Holt and Platte. 
Population 1900, 101,292. 

Fourth. — The counties of Grundy, Harrison, Livingston, Mercer, and Putnam. 
Population 1900, 95,926. 

Fifth and Seventh.— The county of Jackson. Population 1900, 195,193. 

Sixth. — The counties of Chariton, Linn and Sullivan. Population 1900, 
72,611. 

Eighth. — The counties of Caldwell, Carroll, Daviess, and Ray. Population 
1900, 89,241. 

Ninth. — The counties of Adair, Macon and Shelby. Population 1900, 70,913. 

Tenth. — The counties of Boone, Callaway, Montgomery, St. Charles and War- 
ren. Population 1900, 105,590. 

Eleventh. — The counties of Audrain, 
Lincoln and Pike. Population 1900, 
65,256. 

Twelfth.— The counties of Clark, 
Knox, Lewis, Scotland and Schuyler. 
Population 1900, 69,658. 

Thirteenth. — The counties of Marion, 
Monroe, Ralls and Randolph. Population 
1900, 82,776. 

Fourteenth. — The counties of Cam- 
den, Cooper, Howard, Moniteau and Mor- 
gan. Population 1900, 82,088. 

Fifteenth. — The counties of Benton, 
Hickory, Pettis and Saline. Population 
1900, 92,682. 

KEMPER SCHOOL, BOONVILLE, T. A. JOHNSTON. 



Missouri senatorial 
districts. 




558 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




ON A BEPEESENTATIVE MISSOURI FARM. 



Sixteenth. — The counties of Bates, Cedar, Henry, and St. Clair. Population 
1900, 93,025. 

Seventeenth. — The counties of Cass, Johnson and Lafayette. Population 
1900, 83,158. 

Eighteenth. — The counties of Barry, Lawrence, McDonald and Newton. Pop- 
ulation 1900, 97,769. 
Missouri Senatorial Nineteenth.— The counties of Christian, Dallas, Douglas, Ozark, Polk, Stone, 

districts. Taney and Webster. Population 1900, 119,703. 

Twentieth. — The counties of Barton, Dade, Greene and Vernon. Population 
1900, 120,710. 

Twenty-first. — ^The counties of Bollinger, Butler, Cape Girardeau, Carter, 
Dunklin, Ripley, and Wayne. Population 1900, 112,641. 

Twenty-second. — The counties of Howell, Oregon, Shannon, Texas and 
Wright. Population 1900, 86,698. 

Twenty-third. — The counties of Mississippi, New Madrid, Pemiscot, Scott 
and Stoddard. Population 1900, 72,993. 

Twenty-fourth. — The counties of Crawford, Dent, Iron, Phelps, Reynolds and 
Washington. Population 1900, 71,275. 

Twenty-fifth. — The counties of Franklin, Gasconade, and St. Louis. Popula- 
tion 1900, 92,919. 

Twenty-sixth. — The counties of Jefferson, Madison, Perry, St. Francois and 
Ste. Genevieve. Population 1900, 85,231. 

Twenty-seventh. — The counties of Cole, Laclede, Maries, Miller, Osage and 
Pulaski. Population 1900, 86,394. 

Twenty-eighth. — The county of Jasper. Population 1900, 84,018. 

The senatorial districts in St. Louis City are: 

Twenty-ninth.— Comprises wards 9, 10, 11 and 24, and precincts 10 and 11 in 
ward 8; precincts 10 and 13 in ward 12; precincts 12 and 13 in ward 23; pre- 
cincts 1 and 2 in ward 25, and precinct 1 in ward 28. Population 1900, 113,884. 

Thirtieth.— Comprises wards 7 and 13, and precincts 9, 10 and 11 in ward 6; 
precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in ward 8; precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 
and 12 in ward 12; and precincts 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 8, 9, 10 and 11 in ward 23. Popu- 
lation 1900, 97,743. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



559 




Thirty-first. — Comprises wards 4, 5 
and 14, and precinct 10 in ward 3; pre- 
cincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12 and 13 in 
ward 6; and precincts 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 
in ward 15. Population 1900, 65,691. 

Thirty-second. — • Comprises wards 
20 and 22, and precincts 8, 9, 10 and 11 
in ward 15; precincts 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 
and 13 in ward 16; precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 
5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 in ward 21; pre- 
cinct 4 in ward 23; and 
precincts 5, 6 and 7 in 
ward 25. Population 1900, 
75,934. 

Thirty-third. — C o m - 
prises ward 18 and pre- 
cincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 
10, 11 and 13 in ward 2; 
precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 
7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 in ward 
., 3; precinct 4 in ward 
15; pre- 



Missouri senatorial 
districts. 



SOME KErRESENTATIVE 
MISSOURI SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 

cincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in ward 

16; and precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 

8 and 9 in ward 17. Population 

1900, 86,809. 

Thirty - fourth. — Comprises 
wards 1, 19, 26 and 27 and pre- 
cinct 12 in ward 2; precincts 10 
and 11 in ward 17; precinct 7 in 
ward 21; precincts 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 in ward 25; and precincts 2, 
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 in ward 28. Population 1900, 135,177. 



3, 4, 5, 



The State representative districts are: 

The House of Representatives consists of one hundred and forty-two mem- 
bers, divided among the several counties of the State and the city of St. Louis, 
as follows: The county of Buchanan, four; Greene, two; Jackson, six; Jasper, 
three; St. Louis, two; and St. Louis city, sixteen; and each of the other counties 
of the State, one. 



The judicial circuits are as follows: 

First. — Clark, Scotland, Knox and Lewis. Population 1900, 58,818. 
Second. — Schuyler, Adair, Macon and Shelby. Population 1900, 81,753. 
Third. — Mercer, Harrison, Putnam and Grundy. Population 1900, 73,624. 



Missouri representa- 
tive districts. 



Judicial circuits. 



560 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



CHUBCH AND 
GYMNASIUM 



eisenmayer hall 
(boys' dormitory). 




KESSLER 
HALL. 



CENTRAL WESLEYAN COLLEGE AND LADIES' HOME. 
orphans' home. WARRENTON. 



"^^r 



Judicial circuits in 
Missouri. 



n Fourth. — Gentry, Nodaway, Atchison, Worth and Holt. Population 1900, 
96,908. 

Fifth.— Andrew, DeKalb, Clinton and Platte. Population 1900, 65,306. 
Sixth.— Buchanan. Population, 1900, 121,838. 

Seventh. — Daviess, Caldwell, Ray, Clay and Livingston. Population 1900, 
103,991. 

Eighth.— City of St. Louis. Population 1900, 575,238. 

Ninth. — Randolph, Howard, Boone and Callaway. Population 1900, 97,405. 
Tenth.— Monroe, Marion, Ralls and Pike. Population 1900, 84,078. 
Eleventh. — Audrain, Montgomery, Lincoln, Warren, and St. Charles. Popu- 
lation 1900, 90,476. 

Twelfth.— Sullivan, Linn, Chariton and Carroll. Population 1900, 99,066. 
Thirteenth. — St. Louis, Franklin, Gasconade and Osage. Population 1900, 
107,015. 

Fourteenth. — Cole, Maries, Miller, Morgan, Moniteau and Cooper. Popula- 
tion 1900, 96,019. 

Fifteenth.— Saline and Lafayette. Population 1900, 65,382. 
Sixteenth.— Jackson. Population 1900, 195,193. 
Seventeenth. — Cass and Johnson. Population 1900, 51,479. 
Eighteenth. — Camden, Hickory, Polk, Dallas, Webster and Wright. Popula- 
tion 1900, 94,415. 

Nineteenth. — Crawford, Phelps, Pulaski, Laclede, Texas and Dent. Popula- 
tion 1900, 89,248. 

Twentieth. — Shannon, Oregon, Howell and Carter. Population 1900, 53,693. 
Twenty-first. — Jefferson, Washington, Iron, Reynolds and Wayne. Popula- 
tion 1900, 72,161. 

Twenty-second. — Ripley, Butler, Stoddard and Dunklin. Population 1900, 
76,330. 

Twenty-third.— Greene. Population 1900, 52,713. 

Twenty-fourth. — Lawrence, Newton, McDonald and Barry. Population 1900, 
97,769. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



561 



ST. TRANCIS 
URl'UANS' 
HOME, 
NEVADA. 




SISTERS 
CONVENT, 
MOBERLY 



Twenty-fifth. — Jasper. Pop- 
ulation 1900, 84,018. 

Twenty - sixth. — Vernon, 
Barton, Cedar, and Dade. Pop- 
ulation 1900, 84,920. 

Twenty - seventh. — S t e . 
Genevieve, Perry, St. Francois, 
Madison and Bollinger. Popu- 
lation 1900, 74,169. 

Twenty-eighth. — Cape Gi- 
rardeau, Scott, Mississippi, 
New Madrid and Pemiscot. Pop- 
ulation 1900, 72,639. 

Twenty-ninth.- — Bates, Ben- 
ton, Henry and St. Clair. Pop- 
ulation 1900, 92,658. 

Thirtieth. — Pettis. Popula- 
tion 1900, 32,438. pritchett college and observatory, 

Thirty-first. — C h r i s t i a n, Glasgow. 

Douglas, Ozark, Stone and Taney. Population 1900, 65,905. 




Col. Wm. F. Switzler in a newspaper article gives this account of the organi- 
zation and naming of Missouri counties: 

Adair: Organized January 29, 1841. Called after General John Adair, of 
Mercer county, Kentucky, who was elected governor of that State in 1820 and 
died May 19, 1840. 

Andrew: Organized January 29, 1841. Called in honor of Andrew Jackson 
Davis, once a prominent citizen of St. Louis, formerly of Savannah, Missouri. 

Atchison: Organized February 14, 1845. Called in honor of David R. Atchi- 
son, United States Senator, 1843-1854, who died January 26, 1886. 

Audrain: Organized December 17, 1836. Called for James S. Audrain, who 
was a representative from St. Charles in the Missouri legislature in 1830, and 
who died in St. Charles, November 10, 1831. 

Barry: Organized January 5, 1835. Called in honor of Wm. T. Barry, of 
Kentucky, a member of Jackson's cabinet as postmaster-general, 1829-35, the first 
as such appointed to that office. Died August 30, 1835, in Liverpool, while min- 
ister to Spain. 

Barton: Organized December 12, 1855. Called for David Barton, president 
of the constitutional convention of 1820, and United States Senator 1820-1831. 
Mo. S6 



Missouri counties — 
when organized 
and for 

whom named — 
Adair to Barton. 



562 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Died in Boonville, September 28, 1837. The first monument (manufactured of 
limestone) erected at his grave was moved to Columbia in 1899 and now stands 
on the University campus near that of Jefferson. 



SOME BUILDINGS OK 
WILLIAM JEWELL 
COLLEGE, LIBERTY. 



Names and 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — Bates 
to Butler. 




Bates: Organized January 29, 1841. Called for Frederick Bates, second 
governor of the State, who died August 4, 1825, before the expiration of his term. 
Lieutenant-Governor W. H. Ashley, having resigned, Abraham J. Williams, of 
Columbia, president of the Senate, became governor until the special election in 
September, same year, when John Miller was elected. Williams died December 
30, 1839, and an old fashioned box-shaped limestone monument marks his grave 
in Columbia cemetery. 

Benton: Organized January 3, 1835. Called for Thomas H. Benton, United 
States Senator, 1820-1850. Died April 10, 1858. 

Bollinger: Organized March 1, 1851. Called in honor of Maj. George E. 
Bollinger, an early settler and State Senator. 

Boone: Organized November 16, 1820. Named for the old pioneer and In- 
dian fighter, Daniel Boone. Died in St. Charles county September 26, 1820. 

Buchanan: Organized February 10, 1839. Called for James Buchanan, 
president. Died June 1, 1868. As Mr. Buchanan was not elected to the presi- 
dency till 1856 and had not in 1839 attained his greatest eminence, the accuracy 
of this statement has been questioned. On page 123, House Journal. December 
13, 1838, the House had under 
consideration a bill to organize 
the counties of Platte and De- 
Kalb, when John P. Morris, of 
Howard, moved to strike out the 
word "DeKalb" and insert "Buch- 
anan," the Journal adding "in 
honor of Hon. James Buchanan, 
of Pennsylvania." Mr. Morris' 
motion prevailed 46 to 39. 

Butler: Organized February 
27, 1849. Called for Benjamin 
F. Butler, attorney-general dur- 
ing Jackson's second term, 1833- 
1837. Died in Paris, October, 1858. 




01 '^AT WESTERN COLLEGE, WEBB CITY. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



563 



LIBERTY LADIES 
COILEGE. 




TAEKIO COLLEGE 



Caldwell: Organized December 26, 1836. Called for Capt. Matthew Caldwell, 

commander of Indian scouts and a hunter of Kentucky; Joseph Doniphan, father 

of Gen. A. W. Doniphan, 

belonged to his company. 

Gen. Doniphan was chiefly 

instrumental in having the 

county named in honor of 

his father's old comrade. 
Callaway: Organized 

November 25, 1820. Called 

for Capt. James Callaway, 

who was killed by Indians 

on a branch of the Loutre, 

March 7, 1815. 

Camden: First named Kinder- 
hook, the residence of Martin Van 

Buren, and organized January 29, 

1841. On February 23, 1843, name 

changed to Camden, in honor of 

Charles Pratt Camden, an English statesman who was a warm advocate of the 

American colonies. 

Cape Girardeau: One of the four districts into which Missouri was divided 

in 1804. On October 1, 1812, was organized into a county by proclamation of 

Gov. Wm. Clark; was reduced to its present limits March 5, 1849. The name 

Cape Girardeau is supposed to be derived from that of Ensign Slewe Girardah, 

who from 1704 to 1720 was stationed with the royal troops of France at Kas- 

kaskia, and after resigning his position in the army became a successful trader 

with the Indians in the territory now occupied by the county. 

Carroll: Organized January 3, 1833. Called for Charles Carroll, of Car- 

rollton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Died Novem- 
ber 14, 1832. 

Carter: Organized March 10, 1859. Called for Zimri Carter, a pioneer 

citizen. 

Cass: Organized September 14, 1835. First called Van Buren; changed 

to Cass February 19. 1849, in honor of Lewis Cass, United States Senator from 

Michigan. Died June 17, 1866. 

Cedar: Organized February 14, 1845. Called Cedar after the principal 

stream in the county on the bluffs of which cedar trees abound. 

Chariton: Organized November 16, 1820. John Chariton was the name of 

a leader of the French fur traders who at an early day located on the Missouri 

river at the mouth of the creek which was ever afterwai'ds called Chariton. 

Hence the name of the creek and county. 

Christian: Organized 
March 8, 1860. Named in 
honor of Col. Wm. Chris- 
tian, of Christian county, 
Kentucky. Killed by In- 
dians in April, 1786. 

Clark: Organized De- 
cember 15, 1818, and reor- 
ganized December 16, 1836. 
Named for William Clark, 
first governor of Missouri 
territory and a party to 
the expedition 1805-6 of 
Lewis and Clark to the 
headwaters of the Missouri. 

ALjrEDA MARSHALL — w. P. HARNED, COOPER COUNTY. Died September 1, 1838. 




Names and 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — 
Caldwell to 
Clark 



564 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



RESIDENCE OF 
B. H. BONFOEY, 
UNIONVILLE. 



Names and^ 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — Clay 
to Gasconade. 



Clay: Organized January 2, 1822. Called for Henry Clay, of Kentucky. 
Died June 29, 1852. 

Clinton: Organized January 15, 1833. Called for Governor DeWitt Clin- 
ton, of New York. Died February 11, 1828. 

Cole: Organized November 16, 
1820. Called for Captain Stephen 

, ' Cole, an old settler, who built 

"Cole's Fort," near Boonville. 

Cooper: Organized December 
17, 1818. Called for Sarshel Cooper, 
who was killed by an Indian in 
Cooper's Fort opposite Arrow Rock 
and near the present village of 
Boonsboro, Howard county, on the 
night of April 14, 1814. One wall 
of Cooper's log cabin formed a part 
of the wall of the Fort. The In- 
dian stealthily, in a rain or snow 
storm, removed a part of the chink- 
ing and through the opening shot 
Cooper while sitting by the fire with 
a child on his lap. The child was 
uninjured. Mr. Cooper was the 
grandfather of former State Senator 
Col. Stephen Cooper, who now re- 
sides in Howard county. 

Crawford: Organized January 
23, 1829. Called for Wm. H. Craw- 
ford, a distinguished Democratic 
statesman of Georgia, who died in 
1834. 

Dade: Organized January 29, 
1841. Called for Major Dade, of the 
Seminole war, and a resident of the 
county. 

Dallas: Organized December 10, 
1844. First named Niangua in 
1842; changed to Dallas December 
10, 1844, in honor of George M. 
Dallas, candidate for vice-president 
in 1844 with James K. Polk and 
United States Senator from Pennsylvania. Died December 31, 1864. 

Daviess: Organized December 29, 1836. Called for Colonel Joe Hamilton 
Daviess, of Kentucky. Killed in the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 1811. 

De Kalb: Organized February 25, 1845. Called for Baron John De Kalb, a 
Frenchman of Revolutionary fame, who was killed in the battle of Camden 
in 1780. 

Dent: Organized February 10, 1851. Called for Lewis Dent, an early settler. 
Douglas: Organized October ]9, 1857. Called for Stephen A. Douglas, of 
Illinois. Died June 3, 1861. 

Dunklin: Organized February 14, 1845. Called for Daniel Dunklin, gover- 
nor of Missouri from 1832 to 1836. Died August 25, 1844. 

Franklin: Organized December 11, 1818. Called for Benjamin Franklin, 
printer and philosopher. Died April 17, 1790. 

Gasconade: Organized November 25, 1820. Named after its principal 
stream, the Gasconade river, which was so called by the French settlers, after 
Gascon, inhabitant of Gascony in France, who was distinguished for bragging 
and bluster. The waters of the river are boisterous or boastful. Hence the 
name and hence our English word "gasconade." 








RESIDENCE OF JOHN H. CARROLL, UNIONVILLE. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



565 



Gentry: Organized February 12, 1841. Called for General Richard Gentry, 
of Columbia, who was killed in the battle of Okeechobee, Florida, December 
25, 1837. 

Greene: Organized January 2, 1833. Called for General Nathaniel Greene, 
of the Revolution. Died, 1786. 

Grundy: Organized January 2, 1843. Called for Felix Grundy, United 
States Senator of Tennessee. Died December 19, 1840. 

Harrison: Organized February 14, 1845. Called for Albert G. Harrison, of 
Fulton, Missouri, member of congress from 1835 to 1839. Died September 7, 1839. 

Henry: First named Rives in honor of Wm. C. Rives, of Virginia. Organ- 
ized December 13, 1834. Changed to Henry in honor of Patrick Henry, who died 
June 6, 1799. 

Hickory: Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of General Jack- 
son, who was known as "Old Hickory;" residence called "Hermitage," which is 
the name of the county seat. 

Holt: Organized February 15, 1841. Named for Dr. David Rice Holt, of 
Platte, who died a representative, December 7, 1840. 

Howard: Organized January 20, 1816. Named for General and Governor 
Benjamin Howard, Lexington, Kentucky. Died in St. Louis, September 18, 1814. 
Howard was governor of Upper Louisiana which became Missouri Territory, 



Names and 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — 
Gentry to Jasper. 





DAIRY SCENE, JEFFERSON COUNTY BONNE TERRE FARMING AND 

CATTLE COMPANY, HERCULANEUM. 



June 4, 1812, during his administration, and hence was for a short time the first 
governor of the Territory of Missouri. Howard county at its organization com- 
prised a territory of 23,000 square miles, extending from the Osage river on the 
east and south to the Iowa line on the north, and was called "The mother of 
counties." 

Howell: Organized March 2, 1857. Received its name from Howell "Valley, 
in which the first settlement was made by a Mr. Howell in 1838 and in which 
West Plains, the county seat, is located. 

Iron: Organized February 17, 1857. Named in honor of its great iron 
mines. 

Jackson: Organized December 15, 1826. Named in honor of Andrew Jack- 
son. Died June 8, 1845. 

Jasper: Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Sergeant Jasper, of the 
Revolution. 



566 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 






^^. 



•X 



y^./v. 



Missouri Gazette. 



Ml 



," •■ -t 3, ISO*. 

■.on// Gazette. 



i\ ■.,•.'■■;.; •/:e7'e'rit"i't- 



I'niriulti I, fusions. 
.\ cnril'ifUrjbIc immlji-r of the '"'' 
inli.iliM iiit< ■>( Mt._X'lMrlcb, mit '"'" 
t\> (iltlTiili- tlir «1:iy'i>l Aiiicritjii '"■'^ 
Itiiliixiuliiin . tlii-creutvriium- '."■" 
l,<r..f»H..liuiri;h< l.an.N of '"'••' 
tliisioiinuy . ilrty afTnv.hli J at f '' '' 
ao.iivi iiMi'n lioufcncji il: 
ur ..I Ih. >ill;ik'C. 



II PiciiKiblc ri«hls and p.rivi- 
.;i ■-. KliirliaNyitlay l\i('cu u::- 
r iIk ikail leaves of ibc i^tv.t 
T . iMiL it is He urc f.ir <tilMii< 
1111 ll:c Imircc, iiitil ill ;i in:iii- 
r liclmltcl from political illl'ir- 
:i'i"ii , S'l tlierc can lie iioroy 
iloubt, but lie licl ;is 
lor our C(;iMitry ;iiiM utj. 
- 'l' urfcllow-titizcns, asthc 
II ollciitalious patriot or i><>. 
l.tici.iii uithin tlieUuiicI S,.it<-M 



Col. I iinotliy Ky>\>y.}'restJ.,:t. 1„ America- ll.u ob.c.l ,,1 il«: 

i,,,,,r.,is SoUL.tr, £.!(,. I ,ic- tilizc,ii»to Iccure llu ir liKbts 

Irciidcui. aiii.!»)iiiilege!,a-,ari iml. iicimIcM' 



il.iv 'rec ixoplc; wluiitlicv luvcllir 

It,!, alteiiicil, they have rcarlird tr.c 

rei! tffinu.x ofa Kepublicau (iovcrn- 

, incut; Fellow Citizi iis ol Lou-"- 

iliana, luch Jii actiuilaioii will 

be ill pur iKittcr, but it mufi be 



Sc',(S al Anct'ton. 



TO, 
7 T,,.- 



ninLLSEJj. 

; ' ', :r:r.rA'l^n!tur\t, 
, 1 ,/ yl/. Ill ih- house 
ill the Tifuiii of 



The folrmliKi' s of ill 
c w( re uflicrcd 01., Jftei il 
c louiui,- Speeeli v.u>. ilCl, 
„ by John C. (iMh, Kfq. 

FlLl.OwCl 1 IZtMS, 

The memorable day uhieh is 'I )^°'^ of time, li; 
iIk occalioii of ouriticetiiiKupoii In'niliy coninuiuicii 
tills, « as iio doubt the i,io(l me- concern, is a ncctti 
nioiable ever rccofdc.l in the ''"= th^irartcr of ;\ii 
pages of ancient or niodeni hif- z<^'>s nluch ue uHn 
tory i we have met to celebrate "'•.' ''> '''c {Irictell ti, 
a day ill commemoration of ilic ""l' fnd Iratcin.il . ] 
IntUpcmlenc of the Ut.itcd States '^\'''^^' 



and 

rjf our 



IntUpcni .J ... _ 

of Amcnea : a day On -.hicli the '!'t E'fat work ol bbmy, di ■.^ 
, , . , rr ^ goddefs of liberty wivcl in the t'Tic 11 hen uc «crc noticed oiiK 

/.,,/,'y viihc l<nuii y yj^ „,;,!, hilarity, tlifc ijlyricus ='''*" '"i^"' groancry upon tin 
.;/; I'lVJtce aj stooas i^anocr of liberty, tiw A-orkmaii- breallofan unnatural, t>iaiinical 



■ni.'uBnm- 
r tbitri three 
t.nitn. t)n/ 
<t t'.lalhs. 
icwi. Mu:- 
ScLlUn,,. 
t\. J'lil 
ell ,,:so.'tcd 



•n, t:: 
hat ! 
irgnii: 

I. Lou: 




CASH 

Giyr.x I'll li.Usof F.>.ch 

YtheC'-iii tirut.i. 

n llJilXSON IS PRICE. 
St, Loins, 'Yiili/ 1 J, 1 1108. //. 



A \Ai;iKTYOK 

Sclici;! Books 

1 OK.SALK, 



fair daiifjlitcrs of .America fellow citizen!, Icl the _.. 

rejoiced with glailened hearts, ample of our heroes iliji aio 
ill concert with their protecting KOnc, nnd thole that llill t .xift to 
patriotic heroes ; a ilav in which breathe the pure air ol peace and 
Great Britain was IcJii in lack lil'tfty. ih'- polar liar for our 
cloth nnd morning'; a day tlie 8ui<ie j w hillt we Hand united 
n.iinc of which alone pallics the »<■■ are iiivulnarable to every na- 
hmh<:(hnirth. tellow Citizens, "on abroad, and I'eriire at home 
'■ -istliis isn (by mcmnnalamongit ""der u free Ucpiibhcaii Gov- 

Ir .r/j/c /> the moll iiicmora'ic cventb ; a <','""'^-'i''- ^"' independence, 
urn v/ mo. daj- held lacrcd by every cilizcn li'"-'rty and our laleiy arc lound- 
^olil, fetch of America, eiihtr by biith or ^'\ "" out" conllituti'oii, a work 
/o/,r ,i'/ra/ adoption ; it bcUovtij, it tie- o' ''i^" unprclident « ifdom of our 
volves iiotonly to toiilldcr that P'^''''.'--'','''?'^^- ■""' «liii;!i 'tiM 
relpcctduetu the day; hut to °"'" in;lilpcii! Jilc duty to lup- 
coullJcr it a-i citizens of the 1""'' i i'-- all" our indil'pcnralilc 
moll enlightened government '.''">''" f"uin>'Ji l uitii dimnty, tlic 
_ that ever cxilledriiH-c the creali- 'm-iH branch olilu great tn e ol 
onofm.m, and whilll wc have liberty, whu li wc have' the ho. 
met to celebrate the dav of our '><'r to bear in I.ouiHana , .mil 
indepcn<lcnco and libe'ity ; let •'''''"' "^^ ■^^^ not among the 
•■; Ui relatively conlldcr our Hand- i^''"'ccit flowers ; let it be recol- 
lii's' upon that broad b.ids of li- "^^''' l<-'llow ciazons, that the 
berly, which was laid liy the '''•'^''^ •"<-■ g^e" -ibout us; let 
iiulullry pcrfeverancL, blood and ll"- names of our imiiioital he- 
lives of our patriotic auuellors, """csbecicr f.i^ied in our lips ; 
whofc birthrights hair delcend- '•'' 'is with hcait felt gratitude 
edtous: yet il we llhjuld iind ii<-clarc their woith, and infant, 
that we do not jet en)ov that '"' ''i'i«lit t'> 'h-mt their piaifc. 
equal diltiibution of priMlcgc !!< l-^' li-irmony and peace reign a- 
right, which every .■\nicricaii '"f'."8 "s, 'hat no jarriiij- may 
citizoi iscntiiled to, let us fur- •"■'''-" betweii the anrieiit ;mS 
thercoiitidcr our national Hand- "orthy inhabitants of the tcriifj- 



Auctiotecr, 

.', ISO«. 



ngrelpciilingloreignaflairs; Icl '7 •""' '^r late emigrants, Ave ' 
—" ■'e-firit adjullcd "'""'<■' be firmly u;iite<l, vc 



loi-Gisixducenis-b 

kefore wc petition lor o 



'Sec •:.'<) Pose. J 



FACSIMILE HKPKODUCTION OF FIRST PAGE OF EARLY ISSUE OF THE MISSOURI 
GAZETTE, OLDEST NEWSPAPER IN MISSOURI. 



Names and 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — 
Jefferson and 
Johnson. 



Jefferson: Organized December 8, 1818. Called for Thomas Jefferson. 
Died July 4, 1826. The first monument (of Quincy granite) erected at the grave 
of Jefferson, having been afterwards displaced by the marble shaft ordered by 
Congress, was removed to the campus of the Missouri University at Columbia in 
1883, where it now stands. Jefferson was the chief promoter of the purchase of 
Louisiana, Missouri was the first State carved out of its territory, and Missouri 
University the first University of the first State. 

Johnson: Organized December 13. 1834. Called for Richard M. Johnson, 
of Kentucky. Died of apoplexy, November 19, 1850. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



567 



fiVriS RI^FiniLKl 



i.iSi H<:,^i>MiZmii" M 



n 



BATTLESHIP TESTIMONIAL 'WiLLK[[PI[, 

m 

m] pi'f'v^ 



Un-H « J r » 






El lAICAll 



, iiJCEEDS MRS. J. L. BLAIR nil? 

' ^'HEHDtNT OF THE ST. LOUIS WOMENS CLUB 




1 




Mui^m Ruin Ctdtttt Iha 

I /uxC4i. WUlfeciv. 

His Putting Af 



[HI TO 



trtllEd !il«\OF«rHC|l 






^•g°*'i BH e p ... -S!3B- 



CfilllJill^flO ROaMUSKS 
KSyM[iOOU HM!(mOPL[AS[ 
'^■'^'^^' '^ 9«, Mf IH[ R[IIIS, 



i..r-:<J,JEv».i.;bV.a.Th.l 



TO-DArS REFllBl 



COMPfiWtScO IHfc CLAM.I . .>- « — t— ^;--- 



U«». OCUIUMIi. Ilii> 






FAfST^ITLE REl'ROnT( TION OF FIRST PAGE OF ST. LOUIS REPUBLIC SUCCESSOR 

TO THE MISSOURI GAZETTE. 



Names and 



-_ ^ . , „ , organization ot 

Knox: Organized February 14, 1845. Called for General Henry Knox, of Missouri 

the Revolution. Died October 25, 1806. counties 

Laclede; Organized February 24, 1849. Called for Pierre Linguest Laclede, K-no" '" 

founder of St. Louis. Died June 20, 1778. Lafayette. 

Lafayette: First called Lillard and organized November 16, 1820, after 



568 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



James Lillai'd, an old citizen. Changed to Lafayette, February 16, 1825, who 
died at Paris, May 20, 1834. 

Lawrence: Organized February 25, 1845. Called for Captain James Law- 
rence, of the "Chesapeake," in the war of 1812. Died, 1813. 




Names and 
organization c 
Missouri 
counties — 
Lawrence to 
Lincoln. 



IN A SOUTHEAST MISSOUR] LUMBEU CAMP. 

Lewis: Organized January 2, 1833. Called for Meriwether Lewis, of Lewis 
and Clark's expedition in 1805-6. Died September, 1809. 

Lincoln: Organized December 14, 1818. Major Christopher Clark, one of 
the first settlers, was a member of the legislature in 1818 and a genuine fron- 
tiersman and an earnest advocate of the establishment of Lincoln county. He 
made a speech in which he said: "Mr. Speaker, I'm in favor of the new county, 1 
was born in Lincoln county. North Carolina; I lived a year or so in Lincoln 
county, Kentucky, and I want to live and die in Lincoln county, Missouri." His 
speech was loudly applauded and the county was organized and named as he 
desired. It was however in fact called Lincoln in memory of Gen. Benjamin 




A CAMPIiNQ PARTY IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



569 




A LONE riSHERMAN ON A SOUTH MISSOURI STREAM. 




Lincoln, of Massachusetts, a distinguished officer and special friend of Washing- 
ton, who in addition to great heroism in several battles, was deputed to receive 
the sword of Cornwallis on his surrender at Yorktown on October 17, 1781. He 
died at Hingham, Massachusetts, May 10, 1810. 

Linn: Organized January 7, 1837. 
Called for Lewis F. Linn, United States 
Senator from Missouri, 1833-1843, who 
died at Ste. Genevieve, October 3, 1843. 
Livingston: Organized January 6, 
1837. Called for Edward Livingston, 
Secretary of State under President Jack- 
son. Died May 23, 1836. a scott county farm house. 

McDonald: Organized March 3, 1849. Named in honor of Sergeant McDon- 
ald, one of "Marion's Men," in the Revolutionary war, Sergeants Jasper and 

Newton being the other two. 

Macon: Organized January 6, 1837. 
Named in honor of Nathaniel Macon of 
North Carolina, of the Seventh. Eighth 
and Ninth Congresses and United 
States Senator in the nineteenth and 
twentieth. Died June 29, 1837. 

Madison: Organized December 14, 
1818. Called for James Madison, Presi- 
dent. Died June 28, 1836. 

Maries: Organized March 2,1855. 
Called after two of the principal 
streams in the county; is a French 
name and the plural of Marie or Mary. 
Marion: Organized December 23, 
1826. Called for Francis Marion, of 
the Revolution. Died in South Caro- 
lina, 1795. 




Names and 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — Linn 
to Marion. 



ON A DUNKLIN COUNTY FARM. 



570 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Mercer: Organized February 14, 1845. Called for John F. Mercer, a soldier 
of the Revolution from Maryland. Died August 30, 1821. 



Names and 

organization ot 
Missouri 
counties — 
Mercer to 
Newton. 




LOGGING IN CALLAWAY COUNTY. 

Miller: Organized February 26, 1837. Called for Governor John Miller, 
of Missouri; was governor from 1825 to 1832. Died March 18, 1846. 

Mississippi: Organized February 14, 1845. Borders on the Mississippi 
river and called after the stream. 

Moniteau: Organized February 14, 1845. An Indian name, and doubtless a 
corruption of Manito, an Indian name for Deity or Great Spirit. 

Monroe: Organized January 6, 1831. Called for James Monroe, president. 
Died July 4, 183J. 

Montgomery: Organized December 14, 
Montgomery, of the Revolution. Killed in 
1775. 



1818. Called for General Richard 
the assault on Quebec, December, 



w% 


\ 


>lll 


^ 


^^ta 


^^K^l 


^ 


f 




w 




*^ 


*»^ 


*^,. 



OWNED BY E. T. LETTON & SON, WALKEE, VEK.NU.N H)UNTY. 



Morgan: Organized January 
5, 1833. Called for General Daniel 
Morgan, of the Revolution, who 
displayed great bravery at the bat- 
tle of the Cowpens in the defeat 
of Tarlton and died in 1802. 

New Madrid: Organized Oc- 
tober 1, 1812. One of the four 
original districts and organized as 
a county on the day named by a 
proclamation of Governor Clark. 
Called New Madrid in contradis- 
tinction to Old Madrid, of Spain, 
the Spanish capital. 

Newton: Organized December 
31, 1838. Called for Sergeant 
Newton, a comrade of Sergeant 
Jasper, at Ft. Moultrie during the 
Revolution. Its county seat, Neo- 
sho, is a corruption of the Indian 
name Neozho. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



571 



Nodaway: Organized February 14, 1845. Named after its principal river, 
which in the Pottawattamie tongue, signifies "Placid," or "Placid Water," 

Oregon: Organized February 
14, 1845. Named for State of Oregon. 

Osage: Organized January 29, 
1841. Named for the Osage river, 
the principal stream of the county, 
an Indian name. 

Ozark: Organized January 29, 
1841. Called for mountains of that 
name. 

Pemiscot: Organized February 
18, 1861. Named for its principal 
bayou, Pemiscot, which means "Li- 
quid Mud," an Indian name. 

Perry : Organized November 
16, 1820. Called for Oliver Hazard 
Per^-y, of Lake Brie naval battle 
memory. Died, 1819. 

Pettis: Organized January 26, 
1833. Called for Spencer Pettis, 
member of Congress from St. Louis 

from 1829 to 18:31, who was killed in a duel by Major Thomas Biddle, August 
27, 1831, aged 29 years. 

Phelps: Organized November 13, 1857. Called for John S. Phelps, of 
Springfield, Missouri, member of congress and governor. Died November 20, 1886. 

Pike: Organized December 14, 1818. Called for Montgomery Pike, com- 
mander of the expedition up the Mississippi river in 1806. 

Platte: Organized December 31, 1838. Named after its principal stream — 
an Indian name. 

Polk: Organized March 13, 1835. Called for James K. Polk of Tennessee; 
elected president over Henry Clay in 1844. Died June 15, 1849. 




GRAND BIVEU ( ol.l.l.i, I ;. (,AI,LATIN. 



Names and 

organization ot 
Missouri 
counties — 
Nodawav to 
Polk. 




572 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Names and 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — 
Pulaski to 
Stoddard. 



Pulaski: Organized December 15. 1818. Named for Count Pulaski, a Pol- 
ish general of Revolutionary fame, who feli at the siege of Savannah, 1779. 

Putnam: Organized February 28, 1845. Called for General Israel Putnam, 
of Bunker Hill fame, 1775. Died, 1790. 

Ralls: Organized November 16, 1820. Called for Daniel Ralls, a member 
of the legislature from Pike county, who died in 1820 while the legislature was 
in session, and whose casting vote elected Col. Benton to the United States 
Senate. 

Randolph: Organized January 22, 1829. Called for John Randolph, of Roa- 
noke, Virginia. Died May 24, 1833. 

Ray: Organized November 16, 1820. Called for John Ray, a member of 
the constitutional convention of 1820 from Howard county. 

Reynolds: Organized February 25, 1845. Called for Thomas Reynolds, of 
Howard, governor, who committed suicide while governor, February 9, 1844. 

Ripley: Organized January 5, 1853. Called for General Eleazer W. Ripley, 
of the war of 1812 and conspicuous for gallantry in defense of Fort Erie on 
August 15, 1814, and member of Congress from Louisiana, 1835-39. Died at 
West Feliciana, Louisiana, March 2, 1839. 

St. Charles: Organized October 1, 1812. One of the original districts; or- 
ganized as a county on the day named by proclamation of Governor Clark. 
Named in honor of Charles V., of France, who died 1380. 

St. Clair: Organized January 29, 1841. Called for General Arthur St. Clair, 
of the Revolution. 

SI. Francois: Organized December 19, 1821. Named after its principal 
stream. 

Ste. Genevieve: Organized October 1, 1812. Called after a female saint of 
France, hence the abbreviation of "Ste." One of the original districts, and or- 
ganized as a county on the day named by proclamation of Governor Clark. 

St. Louis: Organized October 1, 1812. Also one of the original districts, 
and organized as a county by proclamation of Governor Clark. Called St. Louis 
in honor of Louis XIV., of France, who died in 1715, after an auspicious reign of 
52 years. 

Saline: Organized November 25, 1820. Named because of its salt springs. 

Schuyler: Organized February 14, 1845. Called for General Philip Schuy- 
ler of the Revolution. Died, 1804. 

Scotland: Organized January 29, 1841. Named after one of the grand 
divisions of the kingdom of Great Britain. 

Scott: Organized December 28, 1821. Called for John Scott, first member 
of Congress from Missouri, from 1821 to 1827. Died in Ste. Genevieve in 1861. 

Shannon: Organized January 29, 1841. Called for Judge George W. Shan- 
non, called "Peg Leg Shannon" because he had lost a leg. Died 1836. 

Shelby: Organized Janu- 
ary 2, 1835. Called for Gov- 
ernor Isaac Shelby, of Ken- 
tucky. Died July 18, 1826. 

Stoddard: Organized Jan- 
uary 2, 1835. Called for Major 
Amos Stoddard, U. S. A., who 
on March 10, 1804, in St. 
Louis, received on the part of 
the United States from 
France, authority to govern 
Louisiana as purchased the 
year before by Jefferson. At 
the siege of Fort Meigs, Ohio, 
in 1813, he received wounds 
of which he died. 




SIIKKI' OWNED IJY HOPSON GLASCOCK, OAKWOOD. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



573 




HUNTING AND FISHING CLUB ON THE ST. FRANCIS RIVER. 



Stone: Organized February 10, 1851. Named after early settlers of that 
name, from east Tennessee. 

Sullivan: Organized February 16, 1845. Called for James Sullivan, of Rev- 
olutionary fame; a member of the Continental Congress of 1782. Died December 
10, 1808. 

Taney: Organized January 16, 1847. Called for Chief Justice Roger B. 
Taney, of Maryland, of the supreme court, who in 1856 delivered the celebrated 
opinion in the Dred Scott case. Died October 12, 1864. 

Texas: Organized February 14, 1835. Called after the Republic of Texas. 

Vernon: Organized February 17, 1851. In honor of Miles Vernon, of La- 
clede county, a State senator. 

Warren: Organized January 5, 1833. Called for Joseph Warren, a Revolu- 
tionary patriot, who fell at Bunker Hill, under Putnam, June 17, 1775. 

Washington: Organized August 21, 1813. Called for George Washington. 
Died December 14, 1799. 

Wayne: Organized December 11, 1818. Called for Anthony Wayne, of 
Stony Point, of Revolutionary fame. Died December 15, 1796. 

Webster: Organized March 3, 1855. Named for Daniel Webster. Died Oc- 
tober 24, 1852. 

Worth: Organized February 8, 1861. Called for General William J. Worth, 
of the Florida and Mexican wars. Died at San Antonio, Texas, May 7, 1849. 



Name and 

organization of 
Missouri 
counties — Stone 
to Worth. 




ST. MARY'S SEMINARY, PEBRYVILLE. 



574 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Wright: Organized January 29, 1841. Called for Silas Wright, United 
States Senator, of New York. Died August 27, 1847. 



Missouri laws — 
attachments, 
aliens, arbitra- 
tion, assign- 
ments. 



The laws of Missouri are just, wisely-drawn and fearlessly executed. Crime 
is punished and the individual is protected in his liberty and property. Certain 
provisions of the statutes relative to general matters are herewith given: 

Attachments: — Bonds for double the amount of debt must be filed, and 
there are many grounds to be assigned. Non-residents can attach non-resident's 
property. 

Aliens: — It is unlawful 
for any person not a citizen 
of the United States, or who 
has not declared his inten- 
tion to become one, or any 
corporation not created un- 
der the laws of some of the 
States, to hold or own real 
estate, except such as is ac- 
quired by inheritance or in 
collection of debts. All 
property held in violation of 
this law is forfeited to the 
State. 

Arbitration: — Parties 
to a controversy may, in 
writing, submit the same to the arbitrators. The award must be in writing, sub- 
scribed by the arbitrators and attested by a subscribing witness. The award 
may, upon the motion, be confirmed by the court designated in the submission, 
fifteen days' notice of the motion having been given. Provisions exist for the 
vacation of the award on various grounds. Upon the confirmation of an award 
judgment is rendered which may be enforced as other judgments. 

Assignments: — Are for the benefit of all creditors and the assignor's debts 
are only discharged to the extent of the dividends paid; the assignee holds court 
for three days within three months from date of assignment, to allow demands 
against the assignor's estate. All creditors who fail to present their demands 
for allowance at that time are excluded from participation in the estate. Any 




OWNED BY B. R. MIDDLETON, MEXICO. 




ON THE TRAINING GROUND OF JOHN H. HOOK, PARIS. 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



575 



judgment confessed by the assignor within 
thirty days prior to the date of assignment 
is void. Quarterly reports are required of 
assignee. 

Bills and Notes: — Three days of grace 
are allowed on bills and notes of exchange, 
except sight drafts and or- 
ders. Parties holding notes 
or bills of exchange for 
collection can sue with 
out naming the real 
owner. For all pur- 
poses whatever, as 
regards the presen- 
tation for payment 




Bills and 
notes. 



OWNED BY D. F. RISK, WEST ,N. 

DUROCK JERSEY. OWNED BY 
T. W. BAKER, MALTA BEND. 

A TYPICAL MISSOURI 

Hoo, "keepsake." 



or acceptance and of presenting and giving 
notice of dishonor of bills of exchange, 
bonds, promissory notes, or other mercan- 
tile paper, public holidays are treated and 
considered as Sunday. And all such paper 
falling due on a holiday or Sunday shall be 
considered as falling due on the next such 
succeeding day, unless such succeeding day be a holiday or Sunday; and in such 
case, it shall be considered as falling due on the date previous. Protest is evi- 
dence of a demand, and refusal to pay a bill or promissory note at the time, 
and in the manner stated in such protest. 

Bills of Lading: — Bills of lading and warehouse receipts are made nego- 
tiable by written indorsement and delivery in the same manner as bills of ex- 
change and promissory notes, unless the word "non-negotiable" be plainly writ- 
ten or stamped on the face thereof. Warehouse men are prohibited from Issuing 
receipts or other vouchers for goods and merchandise or other commodity with- 
out actually having received the same in the store or upon the premises of such 
warehouse. 

Chattel Mortgages: — No special limitation exists as to when a chattel mort- 
gage may be foreclosed. In this State the settled law, as declared by the su- 
preme court, in the line of decisions that a mortgage upon stock in trade, which 
is to remain in the possession of the mortgagor and be dealt with by him, is 
fraudulent and void as to creditors and subsequent purchasers. Mortgages and 
deeds of trust upon personalty are void as to the creditors of the grantors and 
purchasers without notice thereof, unless the property be delivered to and re- 
tained by the mortgagee or beneficiary in the deed of trust or trustee, or the in- 
strument recorded in the county where the grantor resides. 

Corporations: — Are created under 
the general laws. Private charters are 
prohibited. All corporations except 
municipal corporations must be formed 
under a general statute pertaining to 
the subject. The several classes of cor- 
porations are as follows: First, rail- 
road companies; second, macadamized, 
graded and plank road companies; 
third, telegraph and telephone compa- 
nies; fourth, savings banks and fund 
companies; fifth, manufacturing and type of Missouri cattle. 




Bills of lading. 



Chattel mortgages. 



Corporations. 



576 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Missouri corpo- 
ration law. 



A VIEW OF CAKTERVILLE. 



business companies; sixth, mutual, 
savings, fund, loan and building com- 
panies; seventh, benevolent, religious, 
scientific, educational and miscellane- 
ous associations; eighth, trust compa- 
nies; ninth, mutual savings societies; 
tenth, training schools; eleventh, po- 
lice and fire department associations; 
twelfth, booming and rafting compa- 
nies. Stockholders are only liable for 
the par value of the stock subscribed 
by them. Every corporation organized 
in Missouri must have a chief ofiice or 
place of business in the State and at 
least three resident directors. The 
amount of the capital stock of the cor- 
poration shall not be less than $2,000 
nor more than $10,000,000. The articles of association must be signed and ac- 
knowledged by all the parties thereto and recorded in the office of the recorder 
of deeds of the county in which the corporation is located. A certified copy of 
these articles of association is filed with the Secretary of State, who issues a 
certificate to the effect that the corporation has been duly organized, and this cer- 
tificate is evidence of corporate existence in all the courts of the State. The 
State tax for issuing certificates of Incorporation is $50 for the first $50,000 or 

less of the capital stock of the associa- 
tion, and an additional sum of $5 for 
every additional $10,000 of capital 
stock. In addition to this tax there is 
a charge which goes to the school fund 
amounting to 25 cents on every $1,000 
of the capital stock. Domestic corpo- 
rations, other than railroad or insur- 
ance companies, are required to make 
an annual report on July 1, to the Sec- 
retary of State, of the location of the 
principal office, the name of the presi- 
dent and secretary, the amount of its 
capital stocli, subscribed and paid up, the par value of its stock and the actual 
value of its stock at the time of making the report. This report must also show 
the cash value of all personal property and of all real estate owned by the 
corporation situated within the State on June 1 immediately preceding, and the 
amount of taxes, city, county and State, paid by the corporation in this State 
for the year last preceding the report. Foreign corporations, organized for pe- 
cuniary profits, doing business in the State, are 
required to maintain an office in this State for 
the transaction of business where legal service 
may be obtained. They are not permitted to 
mortgage or otherwise incumber their real or 
personal property situated in this State, to the 
injury or exclusion of any citizen or corporation 
of the State, creditor of such foreign corpora- 
tion. Foreign corporations doing business in 
this State must file in the office of the Secretary 
of State a certified copy of the charter or certifi- 
cate of incorporation and pay into the treas- 
ury of the State upon the proportion of its capi- 
tal stock represented by its property and busi- 
ness in Missouri. A fine of $1,000 and other 

ELKS CLUB HOUSE, CARTHAGE. 




IN A BUSY MISSOURI TOWN. 




STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



577 




DAIRY HERD, HOLSTEINS, M. E. MOORE, CAMERON. 



severe punishments, including a denial of right to maintain any action or suit in 
any of the courts of this State, are provided for a violation of the law. 

Descent of Property: — When a person having title in real estate or per- 
sonal property undisposed of or otherwise limited by marriage settlement shall Descent of property, 
die intestate it shall descend and be distributed to his kindred, male or female, 
subject to the payment of his debts and the widow's dower, in the following 
course: (1) To his children or their descendants in equal parts; (2) if there 
be no children or their descendants, then to his father, mother, brothers and 
sisters, and their descendants, in equal parts; (3) if there be no children or 
their descendants, father, mother, brothers or sisters, nor their descendants, 
then to the husband or wife; if there be no husband or wife, then to the grand- 
father, grandmother, uncles and aunts and their descendants in equal parts; 
(4) if there be no children or descendants, father, mother, brothers, sisters or 
thfeir descendants, husband or wife, grandfather, grandmother, uncles and 
aunts and their descendants, then to the great-grandfathers, great-grandmoth- 
ers and their descendants in equal parts, and so on in other cases without end, 
passing to the nearest lineal descendants and their children and their descend- 
ants in equal parts. If there be no children or their descendants, father, 
mother, brothers nor sisters, nor their descendants, husband or wife, nor any 
parental or maternal kindred capable of inheriting, the whole shall go to the 
kindred of the husband or wife of the intestate, in the like course as if such 
husband or wife had survived the intestate and then die entitled to the estate. 
In all cases the heirs of half-blood take only half the share of like heirs of 
whole blood. If all heirs are in the same degree of relation to the decedent 
they take per capita. When the husband dies without issue the wife takes one- 
half of the estate. If the wife dies having had children born alive, the husband 
is entitled to courtesy in wife's real property. Debts are proven either by oral 
testimony given in open court, or by deposition. Non-residents arQ required to 
give security for costs before filing suit. The security may be by bond or by a 
deposit of money in court to cover the costs to acrue. 

Divorce: — The circuit court has jurisdiction in all cases of divorce, ali- 
mony or maintenance. Cases are tried without jury. One year's residence is 
required, unless offense was committed in the State, or one or both parties re- 
sided in the State. The charges must be: Adultery; conviction of felony after Divorce. 
marriage or before, without knowledge of other party; cruel and barbarous 
treatment, endangering life; desertion for one year; habitual drunkenness for 
one year; impotency, existing at time of marriage and continuing; intolerable 
treatment; pregnancy of wife before marriage by man other than husband and 
without his knowledge; vagrancy of husband. 

Estates: — Of deceased persons are administered upon and settled in the 
probate court, which issues letters of administration. In granting letters of ad- 
ministration priority in right is granted as follows: (1) To the husband or 
wife; (2) to one or more of the distributees of the estate, according as the dis- 
cretion of the court, or judge, or clerk, thereof in vacation may direct. Non-resi- 
Mo. — 37 



Estates 



578 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Missouri law — 
exemptions. 




NEW BINDERS GOING FROM MEMPHIS TO 
SCOTLAND COUNTY WHEAT FIELDS. 



dents are not allowed to administer upon estates of deceased persons even 
through letters testamentary to them. Executors and administrators are re- 
quired to give bond with two or more securities, residents of the county issuing 
letters of administration. Such bonds are made to the State of Missouri for an 
amount double the estimated value of the estate. All claims must be presented 
within two years of notice of publication that the estate is in the hands of ad- 
ministrators. The classification and priority of demands against deceased 
persons are as follows: (1) Funeral expenses; (2) expenses of last sick- 
ness, wages of servants and claims for medicine and medical attendance 
during the last sickness of deceased; (3) all debts, including taxes, due 
this State or any county or incor- 
porated town or city therein situ- 
ated; (4) all judgments rendered 
against deceased in his lifetime and 
judgments upon attachments levied 
during the lifetime of the deceased; 
(5) all demands without regard to 
quality which shall be legally exhib- 
ited against the estate within one 
year after the granting of the first 
letters on the estate; (6) all de- 
mands exhibited and presented to 
the court for allowance after the 
end of one year and within two 
years after letters have been grant- 
ed, said two years being to run 
from the date of the letters where 
notice is published within thirty days after the granting of the same, and in all 
other cases said two years begin to run from the date of publication of notice. 
Exemptions: — Every householder or head of family may hold a homestead, 
with issues and products thereof, free from attachment or execution. If in the 
country such homestead shall not exceed 160 acres valued at $1,600, and if in the 
cities of 40,000 or more, shall not exceed 18 square rods of land valued to exceed 
$3,000; if in city or town less than 40,000 it shall not exceed 30 square rods of 
ground of value not exceeding $1,500. Wearing apparel of the persons, and the 
necessary tools and implements of any mechanic, are exempt from execution. 
The following property is also exempt to every head of a family: Ten head of 
choice hogs; ten head of choice sheep, and the products thereof in wool, yarn or 
cloth; two cows and calves; two plows, one axe, one hoe, and one set of plow 
gears, "and all necessary farm implements for the use of one man;" working 
animals to the value of $150, or two work animals; the spinning wheel and cards, 
one loom and apparatus necessary to manufacturing cloth in a private family; 
all the spun yarn, thread and wool not exceeding 25 pounds each; all wearing 
apparel of the family, four beds with the usual bedding, and such other house- 
hold and kitchen furniture not exceeding the value of $100 as may be necessary 
for the family; all arms and military equipments required by law to be kept; 
all such provision as may be found on hand for family use, not exceeding $100 in 
value; the Bibles and other books used in the family; lettered gravestones and 
one pew in a house of worship. In lieu of other property, lawyers and ministers 
may select such books as may be necessary to their profession, and physicians 
their medicines. In lieu of the property mentioned above each head of a family 
may select and hold exempt any other property, real, personal or mixed, or debts 
and wages, not exceeding in value the sum of $300. Wife may claim exempt 
personal property when husband has absented himself. Personal property, except 
in the hands of an innocent i)urchaser for value without notice, is subject to exe- 
cution against purchaser for the purchased price. No property is exempt from 
execution issued upon a judgment for not exceeding $90, recovered by a house 
servant or common laborer for personal services rendered to defendant, provided 
the suit is brought within six months after the last service is rendered. The mem- 



STATISTICS OF THE STATE. 



579 




uuiUlH liiniiiilllllllllllll 



..a,.n, j,|„ 



teaaEaga»gtew»wjaiiwMawi><wM^ ^ 



REPRESENTATIVE FARM HOUSE, LAFAYETTE COUNTY. 



bers of a firm are neither severally nor 
jointly entitled to partnership assets 
exempted to heads of families. 

Garnishment:- — Writs of attach- 
ment may be levied by garnishing the 
debtor of the defendant as well as by 
a levy upon property. "All persons 
shall be subject to garnishment on at- 
tachment or execution who are named 
as garnishees in the writ or have in 
their possession goods, moneys or ef- 
fects of the defendant not actually 
seized by the officers, and all debtors 
of the defendant and such others as 
the plaintiff or his attorney shall direct 
to be summoned as garnishees." A 
garnishee can relieve himself by the 
payments of his debts into the court. 

If he denies that he is indebted, he can have his case tried in court as other 
causes. Public officers are not liable to be summoned as garnishees, nor shall Garnishment. 
any person be charged as garnishee on account of wages due from him to a 
defendant in his employ for the last thirty days' service, provided such employe 
is the head of a family and a resident of this State. 

Liens: — Every mechanic or other person who shall do or perform any work 
or labor upon or furnish any material, fixtures, engine, boiler, or machinery for 
any building, erection or impi'ovements upon land, or for repairing the same, 
under or by virtue of any contract with the owner or proprietor thereof, or his 
agent, trustee, contractor or subcontractor, upon complying with the provisions 
of this article, shall have for his work or labor done, or materials, or fixtures, 
engine, boiler or machinery furnished, a lien upon such building, erection or 
improvements, and upon the land belonging to such owner or proprietor on 
which the same are situated, to the extent of one acre; or if such building, erec- 
tion or improvement be upon any lot of land in any town, city or village, then 
such lien shall be upon such building, erection or improvements, and the lot or 
land upon which the same are situated, to secure the payment of such work or 
labor done, or materials, fixtures, engine, boiler, machinery furnished, as afore- 
said. It shall be the duty of every original contractor within six months, and 
every journeyman and day laborer within sixty days, and every other person 
seeking to obtain the benefit of the provisions of this article within four months 
after the indebtedness shall have accrued, to file with the clerk of the circuit 
court of the proper county a just and true account of the demand due him for 
them after all just credits have been given, which is to be a lien upon such build- 
ing or other improvements, and a true description of the property, or so near as 
to identify the same, upon which the lien is intended to apply, with the name of 
the owner, or contractor, or both, if known to the person filing the lien, which 
shall, in all cases, be verified by the oath of himself or some credible witness. 
The circuit court has jurisdiction for the enforcement of liens. In counties of 
over 50,000, justices of the peace have also jurisdiction in amounts not exceeding 
$250. In counties of less than 50,000, justices of the peace have jurisdiction in 
amounts not exceeding $150. Actions for the enforcement of mechanics' liens 
must be commenced within ninety days after filing the lien and prosecuted with- 
out unnecessary delay. The statutes also give liens for keeping horses and other 
animals, liens of inn and boarding house keepers, liens of contractors, laborers 
and material men against railroads. 

Limitations: — There is no statutory limitation to judgments; execution 
may issue at any time within ten years and after a lapse of ten years, unless 
within that time payments thereon have been made and the law presumes them Limitations. 
to be paid. Upon contracts in writing the limitation is ten years, upon open ac- 



Lie 



580 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Marriage law. 



Mortgage deeds. 



Suits. 



Voting. 



Wills. 



Women's estates. 



counts five years, upon actions against public officials for any failure to perform 
duty three years, upon actions for libel, slander, assault, battery, false imprison- 
ment or claims against the estates, two years. 

Marriage Law: — License required; parental consent necessary at 15 for 
males and 12 for females; not necessary at 21 for males and 18 for females; pro- 
hibited degrees, nearer of kin than first cousins. 

MoRTGAGK Deeds: — Must be executed and acknowledged like other deeds and 
must be recorded. The usual form of giving security in this State is by deed of 
trust. In trust deeds the property conveyed to a trustee with power to sell and 
convey the property absolutely if the debt, which is usually expressed by prom- 
issory notes, is not paid according to the terms mentioned in the conveyance. 
Foreclosure under deeds of trust is generally without suit. Real estate conveyed 
in such deeds can not be sold by the trustee without giving at least twenty days' 
publication. Mortgages and deeds of trust may be satisfied upon the margin of 
the record in the office of the recorder of deeds. It is necessary at the time of 
the satisfaction of the deed of trust or mortgage as stated above to produce the 
notes for cancellation. Mortgages and deeds of trust may also be satisfied by the 
execution of deeds of release, which must be acknowledged in the same form as 
other deeds. The notes secured by mortgages and deeds of trust must be pre- 
sented to the recorder for cancellation before deeds of release are admitted to 
record. 

Suits: — For the collection of debts and for the enforcement of legal de- 
mands may be brought by summons either in the county in which the de- 
fendant resides or in the county wherein such, plaintiff resides, and defendant 
can be found; or, if there are several defendants in any county in which one of 
them resides; or when the defendants are all non-residents, then in any county. 
Attachments may be obtained at any time in aid of summons by complying with 
the statutes concerning attachments. All civil actions must be prosecuted in 
the name of the real party of interest. Where a partnership is a party, the 
names of the individuals composing such partnership should be fully set out. 
There Is no process provided by law for the detention of a debtor who is about to 
leave the State; nor does imprisonment for debt exist here in any form. The 
assignee of non-negotiable paper can maintain suit, and an attorney or other 
holder of negotiable paper, in whose hands the same has been placed for collec- 
tion, can maintain suit in his own name. 

Voting: — The elector must be a citizen of the United States^ or alien who 
has declared his intention not less than one year nor moi'e than five before elec- 
tion. Residence required is one year in State, sixty days in county, town and 
precinct. Persons excluded are inmates of poorhouses, or asylums at public ex- 
pense, convicts or those convicted of infamous crimes, and soldiers, sailors and 
marines, or those in the military service not deemed residents of the State; 
Australian ballot system in force. 

Wills: — Every male over 21, of sound mind, may devise all his property, ex- 
cept one-third dower to widow, and every male over 18, of sound mind, may by 
will dispose of personal property, save dower. All females of 18 and upward, of 
sound mind, may dispose by will of their real and personal property subject to 
rights of husband, if any, to his curtesy therein. Every will must be in writing, 
signed by testator and attested by two competent witnesses. 

Women: — The wife can control her separate estate, hold and own property 
which is not subject to debts of husband. May sue in her own name, with or 
without her husband joining, or be sued in any court having jurisdiction with 
the same force and effect as if single. 








MISSOURI ^Je WORLDS FAIR 



WRITING of Missouri at the World's Fair is writing the story of the 
World's Pair. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition celebrated the 
acquisition by the United States of the territory of which Mis- 
souri is a part; the Exposition was suggested by a Missourian, it 
was held on Missouri soil, and the largest appropriation for Expo- 
sition purposes by any State was by Missouri. In every Exposition building 
where a State could make an exhibit Missouri's exhibit was found and it the 
best. In every building where only exhibits by individuals, business firms or 
corporations were permitted, Missourians made display of the products of their 
industry and skill. The Missouri State building was the finest upon the grounds. 
From the Exposition's openiHg day it was thronged with visitors. The displays 
of the State in Agriculture, Horticulture, Education, Mining, Forestry, Live 
Stock, Poultry, Dairying, Fish and Game and Woman's Work, were unexcelled in 
artistic beauty and comprehensiveness. 

The exhibit made by Missouri at the World's Fair was the result of the la- 
bors of the Board of Commissioners to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, ap- 
pointed by Governor A. M. Dockery, under the direction of which the one million 
dollars voted by the people of Missouri for an exhibit of the State's resources 
were expended. At the general election in November, 1900, the people adopted a 
constitutional amendment permitting the legislature of the State to appropriate 
a million dollars for World's Fair purposes. A bill appropriating the amount 
and providing for a Commission to direct its expenditure was passed by the next 
general assembly and was signed by the governor April 17, 1901. The same bill 
was re-enacted in 1903, with necessary changes to meet postponement of the Fair, 
and was signed by the governor March 24, 1903. On the 28th of May, 1901, Gov- 
ernor Dockery appointed as the Board of Commissioners: M. T. Davis, of Spring- 
field; F. J. Moss, of St. Joseph; B. H. Bonfoey, of Unionville; W. H. Marshall, of 
Morehouse; L. F. Parker, of St. Louis; D. P. Stroup, of Norborne; N. H. Gentry, 
©f Sedalia; J. O. Allison, of New London, and H. C. McDougall, of Kansas City. 
On August 18, 1902, H. C. McDougall resigned, and on January 16, 1903, J. H. 
Hawthorne, of Kansas City, was appointed his successor. When the law was re- 
enacted in 1903, the board was reappointed. The board elected M. T. Davis, pres- 
ident; F. J. Moss, vice-president; B. H. Bonfoey, secretary, and W. H. Marshall, 
treasurer. Later the ill health of Mr. Marshall caused his temporary absence 
from the State and J. H. Hawthorne succeeded him as treasurer. It was under 
personal direction of the board thus constituted, together with the helpful in- 
terest of Governor Dockery, that the Missouri building was erected and the 
various exhibits of the State were made. As committee upon plan and 
scope. Commissioners J. O. Allison and B. H. Bonfoey reported a division 
of the work of the Commission into various departments, each to be in 
Ph»to in heading: Missouri State Building at World's Fair. 

581 



Missouri leads 
the world. 



Appointment of 
Missouri World's 
Fair Commis- 
sioners. 



582 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 




Departments ot 
the Commis- 
sion's work. 



The Missouri State 
building. 



WHEN SITE FOK .MlSSOl HI Kl njil,\(i WAS ACCEPTED. 

charge of a Commissioner as Chairman with a Superintendent. Upon the final 
decision of the Commission the departments determined upon were: Agriculture, 
Horticulture, Live Stock, Poultry, Dairying, Mining, Education and Social Econ- 
omy, Forestry, Pish and Game, Woman's Work, and Publication. Superintend- 
ents for these departments were chosen. In one or two instances there were 
changes, but the final list of Commissioners in charge and the Superintendents 
includes: Agriculture — Commissioner, J. O. Allison; Superintendent, H. J. 
Waters. Horticulture — Commissioner, B. H. Bonfoey; Superintendent, L. A. 
Goodman. Mining — Commissioner, M. T. Davis; Superintendent, G. E. Ladd. 
Education — Commissioner, J. H. Hawthorne; Superintendent, G. V. Buchanan. 
Forestry — Commissioner, W. H. Marshall; Superintendent, T. P. Russell. Fish 
and Gamcf— Commissioner, W. H. Marshall; Superintendent, J. H. Ridgway, 
Poultry — Commissioner, D. P. Stroup; Superintendent, Henry Steinmesch. Dai- 
rying — Commissioner, D. P. Stroup; Superintendent, W. W. Marple. Publica- 
tion- — Commissioner, F. J. Moss; Superintendent, Walter Williams. It is an inter- 
esting fact that the Missouri Commission selected as Superintendent in no in- 
stance an active aspirant for appointment. In Social Economy, Commissioner 
J. H. Hawthorne was in charge; in Woman's Work, B. H. Bonfoey, and in Live 
Stock, Commissioner N. H. Gentry, but no Superintendents were named. M. T. 
Davis, F. J. Moss, and Governor Dockery, ex officio, constituted the special build- 
ing committee. 

The Missouri State Building, a temporary structure, the largest, handsomest 
and most attractively furnished of the many State buildings, was designed by 
Isaac S. Taylor, of St. Louis, architect, and was erected at a cost, including 
furnishing, of $250,000. The contractors were Strehlow & Phelps, of St. Louis. 
It was the scene during the Exposition of numerous entertainments, conventions 
and meetings of every kind. The keynotes of the Missouri Building were public 
comfort, culture and social enjoyment. A golden dome surmounted by an em- 
blematic statue of "The Spirit of Missouri," by Miss Caroline S. Wood, of St. 
Louis, crowned the building. Over the main entrance was this inscription: "Em- 
bracing within her confines all the elements of an empire devoted to all the Arts 
and Sciences that advance civilization, Missouri, the central State of the 
Louisiana Purchase, greets her sister States and welcomes the world." 
Around the building were the names of these great Missourians: Thomas 
Hart Benton, Francis P. Blair, B. Gratz Brown, David R. Atchison, David Bar- 
ton, Meriwether Lewis, Edward Bates, Lewis F. Linn, Lewis V. Bogy, Aylett H. 
Buckner, John S. Phelps, James S. Green. The building contained rooms adapted 
for various purposes, two large halls in either wing, a commodious audi- 
torium or State Hall, in which conventions were held, a handsome rotunda, 
with brilliant electric fountain, the suite of Governor Dockery, men's 




MISSOURI COMMISSIONERS TO THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION. 



J. H. Hawthorne, Treasurer. F. J. Moss, Vice-President. N. H. Gentry. 
B. H. BoNFOEY, Secretary. M. T. Dams, President. W. H. Marshall. 

L. F. Parker. D. P. Stroup. J. O. Allison. 

683 



584 THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 

parlors, women's parlors, press room, and executive offices. On the sec- 
ond floor were I'ooms for the Commissioners, hostesses and matron, and 
other rooms fittingly furnished. The building was warmed by steam in cold 
• weather and refrigerated by cold air in warm weather. The approaches and ele- 

vations of the building were adorned with statuary, heroic figures of Thomas 
Jefferson and Napoleon Bonaparte being placed at the main entrance. Concerts 
were given during the Exposition period daily. All the privileges of the building 

^, ,,. . „ were absolutely free to all. In the West Hall was placed a collection of paint- 
The Misscuri State ., , „ , ,, , , , ... ,. ,, ^, , ^ 

building ^^^s by Missouri artists and the fine bell presented by citizens of the State to 

the battleship Missouri. In the East Hall was a model public library shown by 
the St. Louis Public Library, under the direction of F. M. Crunden, the librarian. 
In the same hall was a bound file of every newspaper for 1903, a collection of all 
books of Missouri authors, loaned by the State Historical Society, Columbia, and 
a reading room with current publications. A relief map of Missouri, prepared by 
C. F. Marbut, was on the wall. The mural decorations in the rotunda consisted 
of four pendentives illustrating the prehistoric, savage, developing and produc- 
tive eras in the State's history. The prehistoric era was represented by a study 
of early animal life, the saber-toothed tiger in the wild ruggedness of the origi- 
nal. In the representative of the savage era the Indian was shown in his crude 
surroundings, preparing a young deer for the meal, while a child looks on. In 
the next study the Indian gives place to the white man, a scene of early pioneer 
life on the plains being depicted. The representative of the productive era 
changed from the realistic of former panels and shows symbolical figures of 
Abundance, surrounded by cultivated fruits and flowers and by Machinery, Archi- 
tecture, Science, Literature and Art. The decorations in the dome embodied a 
historical allegory, tracing the epochs in the development of the middle west. 
First was shown the heroic figure of LaSalle, the French explorer, with fleur- 
de-lis banner, taking possession of the territory in the name of Louis XIV. The 
second group showed Fi'ance clothed in the tri-color of Napoleon, delivering the 
keys of possession to America. The next group typified the struggle of coloniza- 
tion in the wild country yet to be made habitable. Concluding group was sym- 
bolical of the progressive civilization of peace. In the panel above the mantel 
in the Governor's reception room the artist brought out strongly the more im- 
portant details of the shield of the State. The entire building was beautiful in 
design and execution. It was dedicated June 3, 1904, in the presence of a great 
and enthusiastic throng, with remarks by prominent Missourians, the principal 
address being by Governor Dockery, who presided and formally received the 
building from the president of the Commission, M. T. Davis. 

In the Palace of Horticulture, under the superintendency of L. A. Goodman, 
secretary of the Missouri State Horticultural Society, Missouri held foremost 
place. The space allotted to Missouri, 6,600 square feet, 
was larger than that awarded to any other State, and 
it was filled with representative and choice varieties of 
Missouri fruits. More than four hundred and thirty 
J0l^tia, varieties of fruits grown in the State were shown from 

Department ot ' ^ eighty-four counties. The exhibit demonstrated that 

^^ fruit growing was profitable all over Missouri, that as 

fine fruit is grown here as anywhere, and that certain 

^^^H^ kinds of fruit are best suited for certain soils. A train 

^^^■SBHk^^ of miniature cars ran on an elevated platform around 

^HPpH^^Ht| the exhibit space, the cars being kept filled with fresh 

*r ^^^^SP^ '.'' fruit in the different seasons, apples, peaches, plums, 

^ »S ^ Stg^ ^- cherries, berries of every kind. All the fruit grown in 

the temperate zone was shown. The Missouri space 

L. A. GOODMAN. was suri'ounded by a handsome facade, decorated with 

appropriate designs. 
In the Palace of Agriculture, Missouri held the first rank. H. J. Waters, 
Dean of the Missouri Agricultural College and Director of the Missouri Agricult- 



i AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 



585 




H. J. WATERS. 



ural Experiment Station, was Superintendent. The 
exhibit of the State's abundant and diversified agri- 
cultural resources occupied prominent position at 
the main entrance of the building and on the main 
aisle. The central thought of the exhibit was to 
show the attractiveness of farm life and to demon- 
strate the wonderful progress of recent years in ag- 
riculture. The assembling of the agricultural pro- 
ducts was a splendid advertisement of the common- 
wealth in which they were grown, but underlying 
the surface suggestive of exploitation was the edu- 
cation in agriculture. In the artistic facade, made 
as all the decorative features of the display entirely 
from grain and grasses, was shown a series of thirty epartment o 

° Agriculture. 

pictures, illustrating the marked contrast between 
the old and the new methods in agriculture. Corn 
was exhibited in many foi'ms. A corn temple, con- 
structed of the great cereal, was in the main aisle, 
Missouri being chosen by the Exposition to repre- 
sent the great corn States. The Louisiana Pur- 
chase Monument in corn, two large corn towers 
and more than one hundred varieties of corn profit- 
ably grown in Missouri emphasized the importance 
of the cereal. Two great grain pictures, showing a representative Missouri farm, 
and a 6,000-acre cornfield in Missouri, were among the most notable features of 
the exhibit. The portrait of Governor A. M. Dockery, made in grain, and figures 
of two women, an Indian maiden and a modern belle, attracted attention at the 
main entrance. Agricultural products of all kinds were shown, tastefully ar- 
ranged, and representing every county in Missouri — a more comprehensive dis- 
play than was ever made by any State at any exposition. 

In the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, with Dr. G. E. Ladd, Director of the 
School of Mines, as Superintendent, display was made of the mining resources of 
the State. Here Missouri's space was at the 
main entrance. It was surrounded with a neat ,. 

facade upon which ran a miniature train, rep- 
resenting the six great railroad systems of the 
State, with cars filled with various mineral 
products. The exhibit consisted of typical 
products of Missouri mines and quarries, coal, 
lead, zinc, iron, copper, tripoli, building and 
ornamental stone, clays, sands, mineral waters, 
crystals of all types, mining machinery at 
work, laboratory specimens and equipment 
from the School of Mines, photographs of 
twelve hundred mining views — in brief a com- 
prehensive showing of all the mineral wealth 
of the State. Every district was represented 
by adequate specimens and much was put on 
exhibition as indicating that the enormous 
mineral resources of Missouri, despite the 
great yield in the past, have hardly begun to 

be developed. An outside mining exhibit was made by Missouri in the Mining 
Gulch where mining machinery was shown at work and a Missouri mine. Spec- 
ial features were a zinc and lead concentrating plant, model of shot tower, illus- 
tration of process of making babbitt metal and solder. A Scotch hearth furnace 
for smelting lead ore was also in operation. 




Department of 
Mines and 
Metallurgy. 



G. E. LAUD. 



586 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Department of 
Education. 



Department of 
Social Economy. 




G. V. BUCHANAN. 



Missouri was represented in several places in the Palace of Education and 
Social Economy. Here was made the general exhibit of Missouri schools, under 
the superintendence of Prof. G. V. Buchanan, 
of Sedalia, the exhibit of the State Univer- 
sity, of Washington University, of St. Louis 
public schools, of the Agricultural College 
and Experiment Station and in Social Econ- 
omy, of different State eleemosynary institu- 
tions. The main school exhibit consisted of 
showings by grades of the work done in the 
twelve regular grades of the public school 
and in the kindergarten, of the work of the 
colleges and normal schools, of the schools 
for negroes and of special schools. Aside 
from the high school and grade exhibit 
these institutions had separate displays: 
Missouri Valley College, Central Female Col- 
lege, Central College, Howard-Payne College, 
State Normal School Number 1, at Kirks- 
ville. State Normal School Number 2, at 
Warrensburg, State Normal School Number 
3, at Cape Girardeau, Westminster College, 
Drury College, Central Wesleyan College, 
Lincoln Institute, Liberty Ladies College, Loretto Academy, Saint Cecelia Semi- 
nary, William Jewell College, Christian College, Park College, and Hardin Col- 
lege. The public school exhibit was intended to show the work of the entire 
system of the State public schools, each grade being represented by photographs 
of typical children and school scenes and by representative work of the pupils. 
Over three hundred photographs were shown. Mutoscopes presented in moving 
pictures scenes upon the school grounds. By means of cabinets, tables and 
winged frames the exhibits were presented in compact form. Every kind of 
school, city, town, village and rural, was represented in the exhibit and the work 
of more than 200,000 children was on exhibition. In the facade appeared illumi- 
nated photographs of forty distinguished Missouri educators selected by a com- 
mittee of Missouri schoolmen. The forty chosen were: W. T. Harris, J. M. 
Greenwood, W. B. Neely, J. Fairbanks, E. C. Eliot, W. E. Coleman, L. E. Wolfe, 
John R. Kirk, W. T. Carrington, W. S. Chaplin, R. H. Jesse, J. M. White, C. M. 
Woodward, R. D. Shannon, Joseph Baldwin, J. C. Jones, M. M. Fisher, F. A. 
Hall, Miss Susan Blow, L. M. McAfee, J. B. Mitchell, G. B. Morrison, W. H. Black, 
C. W. Pritchett, Frank Thilly, J. U. Barnard, Mrs. Josephine Heermans, E. A. 
Allen, G. B. Longan, J. P. Greene, F. Louis Soldan, G. L. Osborne, E. B. Craighead, 
W. B. Rogers, N. L. Rice, William Thompson, Miss Ophelia Parrish, F. D. Thorp, 
L. D. Drake, R. C. Norton. A model country school house, 23 by 29 feet in size 
was shown erected upon the exposition grounds and furnished completely. 

The State University exhibit showed what that institution had been and is, 
and what it is doing. Birdseye views of the University at vlifferent periods of 
its existence and a fine model of the present buildings and grounds were shown. 
The various departments made exhibits of their work. 

In Social Economy was shown the work of the Industrial Training School 
at Boonville, the School for the Deaf and Dumb at Fulton, the School for the 
Blind at St. Louis, together with photographs of the Colony for the Feeble 
Minded at Marshall, the St. Louis Hospital, the Hospital for the Insane at St. 
Joseph, the work of the Missouri Board of Charities and Correction and other 
eleemosynary institutions. The work of the Industrial Manual School was 
shown by an exhibit of the products of the school, wagons, clothing, shoes, 
bricks and other results of the industry of the boys. In addition to an exhibit 
along similar lines of the School for the Blind and the School for the Deaf and 



AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 



587 




HENRY STEINMESCH. 



Dumb, showing the pupils' proficiency in industrial training, classes from these 
schools were at different times shown actually at work in class rooms in the 
building. 

In Live Stock Missouri offered premiums supplementary to those offered by 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company. Commissioner N. H. Gentry was 

in charge of this department. The list of animals 
tor which prizes Avere offered included cattle, 
horses, asses, mules, hogs, sheep, goats, all the do- 
mestic animals, and the aggregate appropriation 
for live stock was $93,000. The plan for the award- 
ing and distributing of cash prizes for Missouri live 
stock provided: First, for the duplication of 
all cash prizes won by Missouri animals in compe- 
tition with the world on horses, jacks and mules, 
and in all the classes of cattle, hogs, sheep, and 
goats, as embraced in the official classification of 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Second, State 
prizes amounting to $50,000 upon classification of 
the chief of the Live Stock Department of the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Third, the divis- 
ion of such balance of $85,000 as remained un- 
awarded by the above plan, such remaining sum 
not to exceed $20,000, among all worthy animals on 
exhibition in the following proportion: Horses, $12 per head; cattle, $10 per 
head; hogs, $8 per head; sheep, $6 per head; goats, $4 per head. 

In Poultry, with Henry Steinmesch, of Kirkwood. as Superintendent, prizes 
for Missouri poultry of all kinds were offered on the same lines as for other live 
stock, the total of $7,000 being set aside for the purpose. 

The Fish and Game exhibit, located just out- 
side the Forestry, Fish and Game Building, was 
the onlj^ exhibit of live game at the Exposition. 
Under the superintendence of J. H. Ridgway, it 
was arranged in cages around a lake, the waters 
of which were stocked with fish. A commodious 
hunter's lodge furnished in rustic style with the 
paraphernalia of the sportsman was conspicuous 
upon the lake shore. The exhibit showed live 
deer, wild cat, mountain lion or panther, coyote, 
gray wolf, red fox, gray fox, opossum, raccoon, 
beaver, rabbit, fox and gray squirrel, mink, wild 
turkey, wild geese, wild duck, quail, black wolf, 
bald eagle, horned owl and four varieties of pheas- 
ants, all the varieties of game to be found in Mis- 
souri forests. As showing the chief varieties of 
fish were exhibited rainbow trout, brook trout, 
large-mouthed black bass, small-mouthed black 
bass, crappie, channel cat, buffalo, sunfish, perch, 
eel and carp. 

In the Agricultural Building was shown a model of the St. Joseph stock- 
yards, setting out all the buildings and grounds of that section of St. Joseph. A 
working model of one of the great packing establishments was exhibited, dis- 
playing the actual process of preparing cattle for the market. A wall map 
pictured St. Joseph's trade territory. 

The Woman's Work exhibit had booths in the Varied Industries Building 
and the Manufactures Building. In the first were shown specimens of fancy 
embroideries, laces and needle work by Missouri women. In the second was dis- 
played cnina painting, pyrography and paintings in oil, water color and 
pastel, all by Missouri women. 



J. II. KIDGWAY. 



Department of 
Live Stock. 



Department of 
Poultry. 




Department of 
Fish and Game. 



Department of 
Woman's Work. 



588 



THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 



Department of 
Forestry. 



Department of 
Dairying. 



Kansas City Casino. 



Department of 
Publicity. 



Adequate repre- 
sentation of 
Missouri. 




T. P. RUSSELL. 



The Forestry exhibit, located in the Forestry, Fish and Game Building, 
under the superintendence of Thomas P. Russell, of Cape Girardeau, showed the 
woods of the State available for commercial 
use rather than a mere botanical display. 
More than sixty varieties of Missouri woods 
were shown. Particularly striking was the 
furniture of various kinds made from the 
gum woods of southeast Missouri. Oak, 
pine, cherry and all the leading woods were 
shown in finished and unfinished conditions. 
The exhibit had place near the main en- 
trance to the building and the display of live 
fish from the Missouri Fish Commission oc- 
cupied space in connection with the Forestry 
exhibit. 

The Forestry exhibit was shown in two 
booths, one devoted to gum, the second to 
other Missouri woods. The gum booth 
showed furniture of black, red and tupelo 
gum wood. In both booths were shown 
hand-carved mantels, tables and chairs. 

The dairy interests of the State 
were represented in an exhibit in the 
Palace of Agriculture with W. W. Marple, of St. Joseph, as superintendent. In 
this exhibit samples of the butter and cheese produced in 
Missouri were shown, tastefully arranged. 

The Kansas City Casino showed a municipal exhibit 
attractively arranged in a commodious building erected for 
that purpose. The Casino consisted of two wings each 
24x58 feet and connected by an open court 62x67 feet and 
located on the Model Street of the Exposition. In the 
Casino was a relief map showing Kansas City in detail, a 
map of the United States showing Kansas City's location 
with reference to the great productive region, railroad map, 
assembly room, rest rooms, and library. 

The Department of Publication, in addition to its ex- 
ploitation work and the collection, installation, and care of 
exhibits of Missouri journalism and literature, prepared and 
published this volume upon The State of Missouri, a summary in words, figures 
and pictures of the resources of the commonwealth. The first edition of this 
volume consisted of 80,000 copies upon which the Commission directed the ex- 
penditure of $50,000. The volume was distributed without charge. 

As an entirety the exhibit of Missouri made by the Missouri World's Fair 
Commission represented adequately as directed in the constitutional amendment 
the "resources, products and industries" of the State. The original act of the 
General Assembly making provision for Missouri's participation in the Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition set out that "the great importance to the people of the 
United States and to the State of Missouri of the event which this exposition is 
intended to commemorate; the location of said exposition in the said city in 
the State of Missouri, affording to our citizens opportunities for educational 
improvement and material benefit of an extraordinary nature, and the valuable 
opportunities offered by the holding of this Exposition to the people of the com- 
monwealth of Missouri to improve their industrial condition by the exhibition 
to the world of the boundless resources of this State and thus to add wealth and 
credit to its standing as one of the commonwealths of the Union, all appeal to 
our patriotism, sense of duty and self-interest." The display of the greatness 
of Missouri made by the Missouri World's Fair Commissioners in all depart- 
ments of the exposition amply justified the appropriation and carried out in 
fullest measure the provisions of the act. 




W. W. MARPLE. 



INDEX. 



Page 

Academies 201 

Adjutant General 43 

Adair County 316 

Admission, as State 2, 16 

AGRICULTURE 71 

Agriculture, College of 114 

Agriculture, Comparisons 4 

Agriculture, Persons Engaged in.. 74 

Agriculture, State Board of 45 

Agriculture, State Exhibit in 584 

Aliens 574 

Allison, J. 581- 583 

Andrew County 318 

Animals, Domestic (map) 97 

Appeals, Kansas City Court of.... 49 

Appeals, St. Louis Court of 49 

Apples 126, 132 

Arbitration 574 

Area, Comparisons 7 

Art and Artists 217 

Asses and Jennets, Number, Value. 545 

Assignments 574 

Atchison County 320 

Attachments 574 

Attorney-General 42 

Auditor 38 

Audrain County 322 

Aurora 313 

Banks 5, 157, 159 

Banking Law 48, 155 

Baptists 211 

Barbers, Board of Examiners for. . 47 

Barley, Acres, Product and Value. 545 

Barry County 324 

Barton County 326 

Bates County 328 

Bates. Edward 17, 28 

Beer Inspector 46 

Bees, Swarms of, Number and Value 545 

Benton County 330 

Benton, Thos. H 3, 20, 24 

Berries 133 

Bills of Lading 575 

Bills and Notes 575 

Bill of Rights 34 

Bingham, Geo. C 27 

Bland, R. P 15 

Blair, Frank P 8 

Blair, Montgomery 28 

Blind, School for the 209 

Bollinger County 332 

Bonfoey. B. H 581- 583 

Boone County 334 

Boonville, Battle of 29 

Boundary Lines 546 

Brookfield 314 

Broom Corn, Acres, Product, Value 545 

Brown, B. Gratz 19 

Buchanan County 336 

Buchanan, G. V 586 

Buckwheat, Acres, Product, Value. 545 

Building and Loan Supervision .... 48 

Butler County 338 

Butter, Amount and Value 545 

Caldwell County 340 

Callaway County 342 

Camden County 344 

Cape Girardeau County 346 



Page 

Carroll County 348 

Carterville 313 

CARTHAGE 309 

Carter County 350 

Catholics 211 

Cattle. Aberdeen-Angus 99, 110 

Cattle, Dairy Breeds 112 

Cattle, Galloway Ill 

Cattle, Hereford. . . .97, 107. 108, 117, 119 

Cattle, Jersey 113 

Cattle, Missouri Prize Record 109 

Cattle, Number and Value 96, 545 

Cattle, Red Polled 113 

Cattle, Sale Records 103 

Cattle, Short Horn 99, 104 

Cass County 352 

Cedar County 354 

Cement 180 

Cemeteries. National 546 

Center of Continent, Missouri as.. 58 

Central College 206 

Cereals, Six Chief 73. 551 

Charities and Correction, Board of. 47 

Chariton County 356 

Charity, Expenditures for ....554, 555 

Cheese Companies 140 

Cherries 134 

Chickens, Number and Value 545 

Chillicothe . 313 

Christian Bros. College 207 

Christian County 358 

Chronology 1 to 56 

Church and Private Schools 208 

CHURCH, ART AND PRESS 211 

Cities, Government of 53 

Cities of 3,000 and Over, with rank. 241 

CITIES OVER 5,000 313 

Cities. Population, 1890 and 1900.. 241 

Cities. Population 1,000 to 3,000 242 

CITIES, THE GREAT 241 

Clark County 360 

Clay County 362 

Clays 181 

Clarke, George Rogers 12 

CLIMATE 59 

Clinton 314 

Clinton County 364 

Clover Seed, Product and Value.. 545 
Coal, Lead and Zinc, by Counties.. 184 
Coal, Production and Prices. 165 to 167 

Cobalt 179 

Cole County 366 

Colleges. List of 201, 208 

Cooper County 368 

Columbia 314 

Commissioners, World's Fair... 581, 583 

Compromise, First Missouri 18 

Compromise, Second Missouri 20 

Confederate Army, Soldiers in 545 

Congregationalists 215 

Congressional Districts 555, 557 

Convention, First Constitutional.. 18 

Convention of 1860 26 

Constitutional Convention of 1865. 31 

Constitutional Amendments 34 

Constitution of 1875 33 

Copper 171, 179 

Corn, Production of.. 71, 85, 86, 545, 550 
589 



590 



INDEX. 



Page 

Crawford County 370 

Creameries 139, 144 

Crop, Missouri's 1902 545 

Crop Seasons, Extent of 77 

Corporations, Laws of 160, 575, 576 

Cotton 93, 545 

Counties, Naming of 561- 574 

Counties. Area of 315 

Counties, Organization of 561, 574 

Counties, Percentage of Growtli of 315 

Counties, Relative Size of 315 

County Government 51 

County Officers 43 

County Officers, Terms of 553 

County Seats 315 

Court, Supreme 49 

Courts, Circuit 50 

Courts, Criminal 50 

Courts, Federal 55 

Courts of Justices of tlie Peace. ... 50 

Courts of Common Pleas 50 

Courts, Probate 50 

Courts, Police 50 

Cow Peas, Value of 87 

Cumberland Presbyterians 215 

Dade County 372 

Dairying. Exhibit of 588 

Dairy Output 138, 140. 143 

Dairy Association, Missouri State.. 139 

Dallas County 374 

Dates in History 2 

Daviess County 376 

Davis, M. T 581- 584 

Debt, How Liquidated 39 

Deer 227 

Dg Kalb County 378 

De Soto 314 

Dental Examination, Board of. ... 47 

Dent County 380 

Disciples or Christian Churches. . . . 214 
Distances Between Missouri Towns 544 

Divorce, Law Regarding 577 

Dockery, Governor A. M 581, 585 

Doniphan, A. W 23 

Doniphan's Brigade 23 

Douglas County 382 

Drury College 207 

Ducks, Number and Value 545 

Dunklin County 384 

EDUCATION 197 

Education, History of 199 

Education, Local Boards of 52 

Education, State Board of 44 

Education, State Exhibit in 586 

Education, Statistics of 197, 198 

Eggs, Amount and Value 545 

Election, First State 20 

Elections of 1860 25 

Electric Roads 195 

Eleemosynary Institutions 48 

Embalming. Board of 47 

Episcopals, Protestant 214 

Estates. Administration of 577 

Executive Department 37 

Exemptions, Law Regarding 578 

Farm Acreage Improved 550 

Farm Area, Center of 550 

Farm Buildings, Value of 545 

Farm Income, Gross, Center of. . . . 551 

Farm Lands, Prices of 94 

Farm Valuations 545 

Farm Values, Center of 550 



Page 

Farms, Center of 550 

Farms, Number of 74 

FAUNA 221 

Federal Army. Soldiers in 545 

Federal Officials in State 55 

Field, Eugene 29 

Fish and Game. State Exhibit in.. 587 

Fisli Commission 46 

Fisheries 222, 223, 224 

Flax, Acres, Product and Value... 545 

Flowers 134 

Forage, Acres, Product and Value. 545 

Forestry, State Exhibit in 588 

Franklin County 386 

Fruit Experiment Station 46, 135 

Fruit Trees, Growth of 126 

Fund Commissioners, Board of.... 39 

Gamble, Hamilton R 25, 29 

Game and Fish Warden 46 

Game Laws 228 

Garnisliment, Law Regarding 579 

Gasconade County 388 

Gas, Oil and Asplialtum 185 

Geese, Number and Value 545 

Gentry County 390 

Gentry, N. H 581-583,587 

Geology and Mines, Bureau of.... 44 
GEOLOGY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY. 63 
Geological Map of Missouri facing 64 

German Evangelical 216 

Goats 124 

Gold 179 

Goodman, L. A 584 

Governors, names of 548 

Government 33 

Governor 38, 549 

Grapes 133 

Grasses, Clover and Forage.. 87, 88, 91 

Greene County 392 

Green, James S 13 

Grundy County 394 

HANNIBAL 303 

Hannibal, Shipping Facilities(map) 306 

Harrison County 396 

Hawthorne, J. H 581, 583 

Hay. Acres, Product and Value. 73, 545 

Health, State Board of 47 

Henry County 398 

Historical Society, State 45, 135 

History 9 to 32 

Hickory County 400 

Hogs 121, 122, 123 

Holidays, Public 552 

Holt County 402 

Homes owned 3 

Homestead Entries, How Made.... 84 

Honey 545, 552 

Horses, Number and Value 121, 545 

Horses, Saddle 115, 116, 120 

HORTICULTURE 125 

Horticulture, Growth in. 5, 129. 130, 131 

Horticultural Society, State 46 

Horticulture, State Exhibit in 584 

Howard County 404 

Howell County 406 

HOW THE COMMONWEALTH IS 

GOVERNED 33 

Independence 313 

Industrial Home for Girls 209 

Industrial Training School 209 

Insurance Companies 161 

Insurance Department 48 



INDEX. 



591 



Pape 

Interest, Rate of 550 

Internal Revenue Receipts 547 

Iron 175 

Iron County 408 

Ironclad Oath 32 

Jackson, Claiborne F 26 

Jackson County 410 

Jasper County 412 

JEFFERSON CITY 307 

Jefferson City, Why the Capital.. 308 

Jefferson, Thomas. Monument of . . . 18 

Jefferson County 414 

Johnson County 416 

JOPLIN 293 

Judicial Circuits by Counties 54. 559, 561 

Judiciary 48 

KANSAS CITY 263 

Kansas City, Exhibit of 588 

Kaolin 182 

Kirksville 313 

Knox County 418 

Labor Bureau 46 

Labor Statistics 5 

Laclede County 420 

Ladd. G. E 585 

Lafayette County 422 

Land Di.=?tricts 55 

Land Surface 545 

Lands. Government 83 

Law, Ho^v Licensed to Practice. ... 47 

Lawrence County 424 

Laws 574 

Lead Production 168, 170 

Legislature 34. 35. 37 

Lewis County 426 

Library Board, State 44 

Library. Exhibit of 584 

Liens, Law Regarding- 579 

Lime 180 

Limitations, Law Regarding 579 

Lincoln County 428 

Linn County 430 

Literature 220 

LIVE STOCK 95 

Live Stock and Products 4, 545 

Live Stock, State Exhibit in 587 

Livingston County 432 

Louisiana 314 

Louisiana Purchase 14 

Lutherans 215 

Lyon, General N 27 

Macon County 436 

Madison County 438 

MANUFACTURES AND COM- 
MERCE 147 

Manufactures, Growth in 148, 154 

Manufactures of 25 Cities 155 

Maries County 440 

Marion County 442 

Marple, W. W 588 

Marriage Law 580 

Marshall 314 

Marshall, W. H 581- 583 

Marvin, E. M., Bishop 31 

McDonald County 434 

McDougall, H. C 581 

Mediation and Arbitration. Board of 47 

Mercer County 444 

Methodists 213 

Mexican War, Soldiers in 546 

Mexico 314 

Milk, Amount and Value 545 



Page 

Miller County 446 

Mines and Metallurgy. Exhibit in.. 585 

Mines, Bureau of 47 

Mines, School of 190 

Mineral Springs 188- 190 

MINING 163 

Mining Map of Missouri facing.... 176 

Mining. Comparisons 5 

Mississippi County 448 

MISSOURI AT THE WORLD'S 

FAIR 581 

Missourians, Greatest 8 

Missouri, Relief map of 70 

Missouri Valley College 208 

Moberly 313 

Moniteau County 450 

Monroe County 452 

Mont?:omery County 454 

Morgan County 456 

Mortgages, Chattel 575 

Mortgage Deeds 580 

Moss, F. J 581- 584 

Mules 120, 545 

National Guard 43, 546 

Negroes, Education of 203 

Nevada 313 

New Madrid County 458 

Newspapers 220 

Newton County 460 

Nickel 179 

Nodaway County 462 

Notaries Public 51 

Nursery Interests 134 

Oats, Acres, Product and Value 545, 550 

Orchards, Value of 134 

Oregon County 464 

Osage County 466 

Osteopathic Registration, Board of. 47 

Ozark County 468 

Ozark Region 64 

Park College 207 

Parker, L. F 581- 583 

Peaches 128, 133 

Pemiscot County 470 

Penitentiary 48 

Pensioners, Federal 547 

Perry County 472 

Petroleum, Inspectors of 46 

Pettis County 474 

Pharmacy, Board of 47 

Phelps County 476 

Phelps, John S 11 

Physiographic Regions, (map) .... 67 

Pike County 478 

PLANT LIFE 229 

Plants. Number of 240 

Plate Glass 180 

Platte County 480 

Platte Purchase 22 

Political Divisions 6 

Polk County 482 

Population, Density of 549, 551 

Population, Divisions 549 

Population, Female 549 

Population, Foreign 3 

Population, Growth of 547, 549 

Population. Male 549 

Population, Negro 6, 20 

Population, of Militia Age 549 

Population, School Age 549 

Population, Urban and Rural 551 

Population, Voting 549 



592 



INDEX. 



Page 
Postoffices, Number and Receipts of 550 
Potatoes, Acres, Product and Value 545 

Potatoes, Sweet 74 

Pottery 182 

Poultry 145 

Poultry Association, State 46 

Poultry, State Exhibit in 587 

Prairie Reg-ion 65 

Precipitation. Average Annual, map 60 

Presbyterians 212 

President, Missouri's vote for 547 

Price, Sterling- 7 

Publications, Exhibit of 588 

Pulaski County 484 

Putnam County 486 

Railroad and Warehouse Commis- 
sioners 46 

Railroad Properties, Assessed 195 

Railroads, History of 39, 194 

Railway Mileage 191, 194, 195 

Rainfall 60, 61 

Ralls County 488 

Randolph County 490 

Rank 1. 151, 549 

Ray County 492 

Receipts and Expenditures 42 

Relig-ious Denominations, smaller. . 216 

Representative Districts 559 

Representatives in Congress 54 

Reynolds County 494 

Ridgway, J. H 587 

Ripley County 496 

Rivers 66 

River Traffic 195 

Rollins, James S 4 

Rural Delivery Routes, Number of 550 

Russell, T. P 588 

Rye, Acres, Product and Value.... 545 

Saline County 508 

School Districts 52 

Schools, State Normal 44, 135, 202 

School Statistics, Public 200 

Schools. State Superintendent of.. 44 

Schuyler County 510 

Scotland County 512 

Scott County 514 

Seal of Missouri, The Great 56 

Secretary of Slate 42 

SEDA"^^A 301 

Senators, State, 36, 557, 559 

Shannon County 516 

Sheep 124, 545 

Shelby County 518 

Silver 179 

^nowfall 63 

Social Economy, State Exliibit in 586 

Soil Map of Missouri facing 80 

Soils 66. 78 82 

Sorghum 552 

Spanish-American War, Soldiers in 546 

SPRINGFIELD 297 

STATE BY COUNTIES, THE 315 

STATE OF MISSOURI, THE 1 

STATISTICS OF THE STATE, THE 545 

"^^ate University, Exhibit of 586 

ate University. .. .22, 44, 135, 203, 

204, 205, 552 

St. Charles 313 

St. Charles County 498 

St. Clair County 500 

Ste. Genevieve County 504 

Steinmesch. Henry 587 



Page 

St. Francois County 502 

ST. JOSEPH 281 

St. Joseph Stock Yards, Exhibit of 587 

ST. LOUIS 243 

St. Louis County 506 

St. Louis Jobbing Territory, (map) 248 

St. Louis University 205 

St. Louis Wholesale Business (map) 250 

St. Vincents College 207 

Stoddard County 520 

Stone County 522 

Stones, Building 183 

STORY OF THE STATE, THE.... 9 

Strata, Generalized Section 68 

Stroup, D. P 581- 583 

Suits. Law Regarding 580 

Sullivan County 524 

Sunday Schools - 217 

Swine, Number and Value 545 

Taney County 5"», 

Taxation, Comparisons 6 

Taxation, Restrictions Upon.... 40. 549 

Taxes, Special 41 

Taxes, Who Pays the 545 

Tax, General Property 40 

Tax Levy 41 

Teachers. How Licensed 47 

Temperature 59,60.61. 62 

Territorial Period 16 

Texas County 52r 

Tobacco 92, 545 

Transfer to United States 15 

TRANSPORTATION 191 

Transportation. Map faoing. 

Treasurer 

Ti'easury Department . . . 

Trenton 

Tripoli 

Turkeys. Number and Vf. .^ u.j 

United States, Relief map of 65 

Valuation, Assessed 41 

Vegetables 75, 134, 545 

Vegetation 230 

Vernon County 530 

Vital Statistics 7. 551. 552 

Voting, Law Regarding 34, 580 

Warren County 532 

War Service 2 

Wasliington County 534 

Washington University 205 

Watermelons 75, 93 

Water Supply 67, 187 

Waters, H. J 585 

Water Surface 545 

Wayne County 536 

Weather Bureau 56 

WEBB CITY 311 

Webster County 538 

Weig'hts and Measures 553 

Westminster College 207 

Wheat Production 72, 86, 545, 551 

William Jewell College 206 

Wills, I^aw Regarding 580 

Winds, Prevailing 62 

Woman's Work, Exhibit of 587 

Women's Estates, Law Regarding. 580 

World's Fair, State 3uilding ..582, 584 

World's Fair, State's Exhibit at.. 581 

Wool, Amount and Value 545 

Worth County 540 

Wright County 542 

Zinc, Production of and Prices. 169, 173 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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